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Kumari R, Roy U, Desai S, Mondal AS, Nair RR, Nilavar N, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC. MicroRNA, miR-501 regulate the V(D)J recombination in B cells. Biochem J 2023; 480:2061-2077. [PMID: 38084601 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The stringent regulation of RAGs (Recombination activating genes), the site-specific endonuclease responsible for V(D)J recombination, is important to prevent genomic rearrangements and chromosomal translocations in lymphoid cells. In the present study, we identify a microRNA, miR-501, which can regulate the expression of RAG1 in lymphoid cells. Overexpression of the pre-miRNA construct led to the generation of mature miRNAs and a concomitant reduction in RAG1 expression, whereas inhibition using anti-miRs resulted in its enhanced expression. The direct interaction of the 3'UTR of miR-501 with RAG1 was confirmed by the reporter assay. Importantly, overexpression of miRNAs led to inhibition of V(D)J recombination in B cells, revealing their impact on the physiological function of RAGs. Of interest is the inverse correlation observed for miR-501 with RAG1 in various leukemia patients and lymphoid cell lines, suggesting its possible use in cancer therapy. Thus, our results reveal the regulation of RAG1 by miR-501-3p in B cells and thus V(D)J recombination and its possible implications on immunoglobulin leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Urbi Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sagar Desai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore 560100, India
| | - Arannya S Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Rajshree R Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Namrata Nilavar
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore 560100, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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2
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Kumari N, Antil H, Kumari S, Raghavan SC. Deficiency of ligase IV leads to reduced NHEJ, accumulation of DNA damage, and can sensitize cells to cancer therapeutics. Genomics 2023; 115:110731. [PMID: 37871849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Ligase IV is a key enzyme involved during DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair through nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). However, in contrast to Ligase IV deficient mouse cells, which are embryonic lethal, Ligase IV deficient human cells, including pre-B cells, are viable. Using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing, we have generated six different LIG4 mutants in cervical cancer and normal kidney epithelial cell lines. While the LIG4 mutant cells showed a significant reduction in NHEJ, joining mediated through microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) were significantly high. The reduced NHEJ joining activity was restored by adding purified Ligase IV/XRCC4. Accumulation of DSBs and reduced cell viability were observed in LIG4 mutant cells. LIG4 mutant cells exhibited enhanced sensitivity towards DSB-inducing agents such as ionizing radiation (IR) and etoposide. More importantly, the LIG4 mutant of cervical cancer cells showed increased sensitivity towards FDA approved drugs such as Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Paclitaxel, Doxorubicin, and Bleomycin used for cervical cancer treatment. These drugs, in combination with IR showed enhanced cancer cell death in the background of LIG4 gene mutation. Thus, our study reveals that mutation in LIG4 results in compromised NHEJ, leading to sensitization of cervical cancer cells towards currently used cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Himanshu Antil
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Susmita Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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3
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Ray U, Gopinatha VK, Sharma S, Goyary L, Choudhary B, Mantelingu K, Rangappa KS, Raghavan SC. Identification and characterization of mercaptopyrimidine-based small molecules as inhibitors of nonhomologous DNA end joining. FEBS J 2023; 290:796-820. [PMID: 36048168 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mercaptopyrimidine derivatives are heterocyclic compounds with potent biological activities including antiproliferative, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study describes the synthesis and characterization of several mercaptopyrimidine derivatives through condensation of 5,6-diamino-2-mercaptopyrimidin-4-ol with various heterocyclic and aromatic aldehydes. Previous studies have shown that SCR7, synthesized from 5,6-diamino-2-mercaptopyrimidin-4-ol, induced cytotoxicity by targeting cancer cells by primarily inhibiting DNA Ligase IV involved in nonhomologous end joining, one of the major DNA double-strand break repair pathways. Inhibition of DNA repair pathways is considered as an important strategy for cancer therapy. Due to limitations of SCR7 in terms of IC50 in cancer cells, here we have designed, synthesized, and characterized potent derivatives of SCR7 using 5,6-diamino-2-mercaptopyrimidin-4-ol as the starting material. Several synthesized imine compounds exhibited significant improvement in inhibition of end joining and cytotoxicity up to 27-fold lower concentrations than SCR7. Among these, two compounds, SCR116 and SCR132, showed increased cancer cell death in a Ligase IV-dependent manner. Treatment with the compounds also led to reduction in V(D)J recombination efficiency, cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, accumulation of double-strand breaks inside cells, and improved anti-cancer potential when combined with γ-radiation and radiomimetic drugs. Thus, we describe novel inhibitors of NHEJ with higher efficacy and potential, which can be developed as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjayinee Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vindya K Gopinatha
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, India
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore, India
| | - Laijau Goyary
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Kanchugarakoppal S Rangappa
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, India.,Institution of Excellence, Vijnana Bhavana, University of Mysore, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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4
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Depletion of RNASEH2 Activity Leads to Accumulation of DNA Double-strand Breaks and Reduced Cellular Survivability in T Cell Leukemia. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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da Silva Júnior AA, da Rocha Pitta MG, de Oliveira Chagas MB, de Melo Rêgo MJB, da Rosa MM, da Rocha Pitta MG. Imidazolidine Derivatives in Cancer Research: What is known? Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1272-1277. [PMID: 34315391 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210727113639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Even though cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, a number of open issues persist in cancer treatment, despite the achievements of the field. This review aims at discussing the fundamental role of Imidazolidine derivatives in the industry of cancer treatment. Compelling data from 1996 to 2021 will introduce Imidazolidine derivatives as a relevant tool to modulate cancer progression.
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6
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Kumari R, Roy U, Desai S, Nilavar NM, Van Nieuwenhuijze A, Paranjape A, Radha G, Bawa P, Srivastava M, Nambiar M, Balaji KN, Liston A, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC. MicroRNA miR-29c regulates RAG1 expression and modulates V(D)J recombination during B cell development. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109390. [PMID: 34260911 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombination activating genes (RAGs), consisting of RAG1 and RAG2, are stringently regulated lymphoid-specific genes, which initiate V(D)J recombination in developing lymphocytes. We report the regulation of RAG1 through a microRNA (miRNA), miR-29c, in a B cell stage-specific manner in mice and humans. Various lines of experimentation, including CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, demonstrate the target specificity and direct interaction of miR-29c to RAG1. Modulation of miR-29c levels leads to change in V(D)J recombination efficiency in pre-B cells. The miR-29c expression is inversely proportional to RAG1 in a B cell developmental stage-specific manner, and miR-29c null mice exhibit a reduction in mature B cells. A negative correlation of miR-29c and RAG1 levels is also observed in leukemia patients, suggesting the potential use of miR-29c as a biomarker and a therapeutic target. Thus, our results reveal the role of miRNA in the regulation of RAG1 and its relevance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Urbi Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sagar Desai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore 560100, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Namrata M Nilavar
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Amita Paranjape
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Gudapureddy Radha
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Pushpinder Bawa
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore 560100, India
| | - Mrinal Srivastava
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Mridula Nambiar
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | | | - Adrian Liston
- Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore 560100, India.
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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7
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Gopalakrishnan V, Sharma S, Ray U, Manjunath M, Lakshmanan D, Vartak SV, Gopinatha VK, Srivastava M, Kempegowda M, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC. SCR7, an inhibitor of NHEJ can sensitize tumor cells to ionization radiation. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:627-643. [PMID: 34192388 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), one of the major DNA double-strand break repair pathways, plays a significant role in cancer cell proliferation and resistance to radio and chemotherapeutic agents. Previously, we had described a small molecule inhibitor, SCR7, which inhibited NHEJ in a DNA Ligase IV dependent manner. Here, we report that SCR7 potentiates the effect of γ-radiation (IR) that induces DNA breaks as intermediates to eradicate cancer cells. Dose fractionation studies revealed that coadministration of SCR7 and IR (0.5 Gy) in mice Dalton's lymphoma (DLA) model led to a significant reduction in mice tumor cell proliferation, which was equivalent to that observed for 2 Gy dose when both solid and liquid tumor models were used. Besides, co-treatment with SCR7 and 1 Gy of IR further improved the efficacy. Notably, there was no significant change in blood parameters, kidney and liver functions upon combinatorial treatment of SCR7 and IR. Further, the co-treatment of SCR7 and IR resulted in a significant increase in unrepaired DSBs within cancer cells compared to either of the agent alone. Anatomy, histology, and other studies in tumor models confirmed the cumulative effects of both agents in activating apoptotic pathways to induce cytotoxicity by modulating DNA damage response and repair pathways. Thus, we report that SCR7 has the potential to reduce the side effects of radiotherapy by lowering its effective dose ex vivo and in mice tumor models, with implications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Irinjalakuda, Kerala, India
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ujjayinee Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Meghana Manjunath
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Supriya V Vartak
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vindya K Gopinatha
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mrinal Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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8
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Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors targeting BCL2 are explored as anticancer therapeutics. Previously, we have reported identification and characterization of a novel BCL2 inhibitor, Disarib. Disarib induced cancer cell death in a BCL2 dependent manner in different cancer cell lines and mouse tumor models when it was administered intraperitoneally. In the present study, using two syngeneic mouse models, breast adenocarcinoma (EAC) and Dalton’s lymphoma (DLA), we show that oral administration of Disarib resulted in significant tumor regression in a concentration dependent manner. Importantly, tumor developed in both female and male mice were equally sensitive to Disarib. Further, we have investigated the toxicity of Disarib in normal cells. Single dose toxicity analysis of Disarib in male and female mice after oral administration revealed no significant variations compared to control group for parameters such as body weight, food and water consumption and behavioural changes which were analysed for the entire period of study. Haematological and histopathological analyses also did not show any significant difference from the control groups. Thus, our results reveal safe use of Disarib as a small molecule inhibitor and provide the foundation for investigation of other preclinical studies.
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9
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Synthesis, structural characterization, DFT calculations and antiproliferative evaluation of novel spirohydantoin derivatives containing a substituted benzyl moiety. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Vartak SV, Swarup HA, Gopalakrishnan V, Gopinatha VK, Ropars V, Nambiar M, John F, Kothanahally SKS, Kumari R, Kumari N, Ray U, Radha G, Dinesh D, Pandey M, Ananda H, Karki SS, Srivastava M, Charbonnier JB, Choudhary B, Mantelingu K, Raghavan SC. Autocyclized and oxidized forms of SCR7 induce cancer cell death by inhibiting nonhomologous DNA end joining in a Ligase IV dependent manner. FEBS J 2018; 285:3959-3976. [PMID: 30230716 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonhomologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) is the major DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway in mammals. Previously, we have described a small molecule inhibitor, SCR7, which can inhibit NHEJ in a Ligase IV-dependent manner. Administration of SCR7 within the cells resulted in the accumulation of DNA breaks, cell death, and inhibition of tumor growth in mice. In the present study, we report that parental SCR7, which is unstable, can be autocyclized into a stable form. Both parental SCR7 and cyclized SCR7 possess the same molecular weight (334.09) and molecular formula (C18 H14 N4 OS), whereas its oxidized form, SCR7-pyrazine, possesses a different molecular formula (C18 H12 N4 OS), molecular weight (332.07), and structure. While cyclized form of SCR7 showed robust inhibition of NHEJ in vitro, both forms exhibited efficient cytotoxicity. Cyclized and oxidized forms of SCR7 inhibited DNA end joining catalyzed by Ligase IV, whereas their impact was minimal on Ligase III, Ligase I, and T4 DNA Ligase-mediated joining. Importantly, both forms inhibited V(D)J recombination, although the effect was more pronounced for SCR7-cyclized. Both forms blocked NHEJ in a Ligase IV-dependent manner leading to the accumulation of DSBs within the cells. Although cytotoxicity due to SCR7-cyclized was Ligase IV specific, the pyrazine form exhibited nonspecific cytotoxicity at higher concentrations in Ligase IV-null cells. Finally, we demonstrate that both forms can potentiate the effect of radiation. Thus, we report that cyclized and oxidized forms of SCR7 can inhibit NHEJ in a Ligase IV-dependent manner, although SCR7-pyrazine is less specific to Ligase IV inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya V Vartak
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vindya K Gopinatha
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Virginie Ropars
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Mridula Nambiar
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Franklin John
- Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College, Kochi, India
| | | | - Rupa Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Nitu Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ujjayinee Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Gudapureddy Radha
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Depina Dinesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Monica Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Hanumappa Ananda
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Mysore, India
| | - Subhas S Karki
- KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, KLE College of Pharmacy, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mrinal Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Jean Baptiste Charbonnier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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11
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Ratković A, Marinić Ž, Škorić I. Flow-photochemical synthesis of the functionalized benzobicyclo[3.2.1]octadiene skeleton. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Choudhary B, Gopalakrishnan V, Radha G, Raghavan S. Inhibitor of nonhomologous end joining can inhibit proliferation of diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma cells and potentiate the effect of ionization radiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION AND CANCER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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13
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Nethi SK, Barui AK, Bollu VS, Rao BR, Patra CR. Pro-angiogenic Properties of Terbium Hydroxide Nanorods: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications in Wound Healing. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3635-3645. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susheel Kumar Nethi
- Chemical Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Training and Development
Complex, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR
Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Ayan Kumar Barui
- Chemical Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Training and Development
Complex, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR
Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Vishnu Sravan Bollu
- Chemical Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Training and Development
Complex, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR
Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Bonda Rama Rao
- Chemical Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Training and Development
Complex, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR
Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Chitta Ranjan Patra
- Chemical Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
- Training and Development
Complex, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR
Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
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14
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Vartak SV, Iyer D, Santhoshkumar T, Sharma S, Mishra A, Goldsmith G, Srivastava M, Srivastava S, Karki SS, Surolia A, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC. Novel BCL2 inhibitor, Disarib induces apoptosis by disruption of BCL2-BAK interaction. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 131:16-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Ananda H, Sharath Kumar KS, Nishana M, Hegde M, Srivastava M, Byregowda R, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC, Rangappa KS. Regioselective synthesis and biological studies of novel 1-aryl-3, 5-bis (het) aryl pyrazole derivatives as potential antiproliferative agents. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 426:149-160. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Thomas E, Gopalakrishnan V, Hegde M, Kumar S, Karki SS, Raghavan SC, Choudhary B. A Novel Resveratrol Based Tubulin Inhibitor Induces Mitotic Arrest and Activates Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34653. [PMID: 27748367 PMCID: PMC5066224 DOI: 10.1038/srep34653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is one of the most widely studied bioactive plant polyphenols which possesses anticancer properties. Previously we have reported synthesis, characterization and identification of a novel resveratrol analog, SS28. In the present study, we show that SS28 induced cytotoxicity in several cancer cell lines ex vivo with an IC50 value of 3–5 μM. Mechanistic evaluation of effect of SS28 in non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549) and T-cell leukemic cell line (CEM) showed that it inhibited Tubulin polymerization during cell division to cause cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase of the cell cycle at 12–18 h time period. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed the mitotic arrest upon treatment with SS28. Besides, we show that SS28 binds to Tubulin with a dissociation constant of 0.414 ± 0.11 μM. Further, SS28 treatment resulted in loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of Caspase 9 and Caspase 3, leading to PARP-1 cleavage and finally cell death via intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Importantly, treatment with SS28 resulted in regression of tumor in mice. Hence, our study reveals the antiproliferative activity of SS28 by disrupting microtubule dynamics by binding to its cellular target Tubulin and its potential to be developed as an anticancer molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Mahesh Hegde
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Sujeet Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE University's College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560 010, India
| | - Subhas S Karki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE University's College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560 010, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City, Bangalore 560 100, India
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17
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Iyer D, Vartak SV, Mishra A, Goldsmith G, Kumar S, Srivastava M, Hegde M, Gopalakrishnan V, Glenn M, Velusamy M, Choudhary B, Kalakonda N, Karki SS, Surolia A, Raghavan SC. Identification of a novel BCL2-specific inhibitor that binds predominantly to the BH1 domain. FEBS J 2016; 283:3408-37. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divyaanka Iyer
- Department of Biochemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore India
| | - Supriya V. Vartak
- Department of Biochemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore India
| | - Archita Mishra
- Molecular Biophysics Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore India
| | - Gunaseelan Goldsmith
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City; Bangalore India
| | - Sujeet Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; KLE University's College of Pharmacy; Bangalore India
| | - Mrinal Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore India
| | - Mahesh Hegde
- Department of Biochemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore India
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City; Bangalore India
| | - Mark Glenn
- Haematology; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine University of Liverpool; UK
| | - Mahesh Velusamy
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City; Bangalore India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City; Bangalore India
| | - Nagesh Kalakonda
- Haematology; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine University of Liverpool; UK
| | - Subhas S. Karki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; KLE University's College of Pharmacy; Bangalore India
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Biophysics Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore India
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18
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Srivastava S, Somasagara RR, Hegde M, Nishana M, Tadi SK, Srivastava M, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC. Quercetin, a Natural Flavonoid Interacts with DNA, Arrests Cell Cycle and Causes Tumor Regression by Activating Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24049. [PMID: 27068577 PMCID: PMC4828642 DOI: 10.1038/srep24049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring compounds are considered as attractive candidates for cancer treatment and prevention. Quercetin and ellagic acid are naturally occurring flavonoids abundantly seen in several fruits and vegetables. In the present study, we evaluate and compare antitumor efficacies of quercetin and ellagic acid in animal models and cancer cell lines in a comprehensive manner. We found that quercetin induced cytotoxicity in leukemic cells in a dose-dependent manner, while ellagic acid showed only limited toxicity. Besides leukemic cells, quercetin also induced cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells, however, its effect on normal cells was limited or none. Further, quercetin caused S phase arrest during cell cycle progression in tested cancer cells. Quercetin induced tumor regression in mice at a concentration 3-fold lower than ellagic acid. Importantly, administration of quercetin lead to ~5 fold increase in the life span in tumor bearing mice compared to that of untreated controls. Further, we found that quercetin interacts with DNA directly, and could be one of the mechanisms for inducing apoptosis in both, cancer cell lines and tumor tissues by activating the intrinsic pathway. Thus, our data suggests that quercetin can be further explored for its potential to be used in cancer therapeutics and combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | | | - Mahesh Hegde
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | | | - Satish Kumar Tadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | - Mrinal Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
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Thomas E, Gopalakrishnan V, Somasagara RR, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC. Extract of Vernonia condensata, Inhibits Tumor Progression and Improves Survival of Tumor-allograft Bearing Mouse. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23255. [PMID: 27009490 PMCID: PMC4806354 DOI: 10.1038/srep23255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are considered as one of the ideal sources for cancer therapy due to their bioactive contents and low toxicity to humans. Vernonia genus is one of the common medicinal plants, which has wide spread usage in food and medicine. However, there are limited studies to explore its anticancer properties. In the current study, we have used Vernonia condensata, to explore its anticancer activity using various approaches. Here, we show that extract prepared from Vernonia condensata (VCE) exhibits cytotoxic properties against various cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, when treated with VCE, there was no significant cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that although VCE induced cell death, arrest was not observed. VCE treatment led to disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential in a concentration dependent manner resulting in activation of apoptosis culminating in cell death. Immunoblotting studies revealed that VCE activated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. More importantly, VCE treatment resulted in tumor regression leading to significant enhancement in life span in treated mice, without showing any detectable side effects. Therefore, for the first time our study reveals the potential of extract from Vernonia condensata to be used as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | | | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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20
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Husain I, Sharma A, Kumar S, Malik F. Purification and Characterization of Glutaminase Free Asparaginase from Enterobacter cloacae: In-Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxic Potential against Human Myeloid Leukemia HL-60 Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148877. [PMID: 26891220 PMCID: PMC4758734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparaginase is an important antileukemic agent extensively used worldwide but the intrinsic glutaminase activity of this enzymatic drug is responsible for serious life threatening side effects. Hence, glutaminase free asparaginase is much needed for upgradation of therapeutic index of asparaginase therapy. In the present study, glutaminase free asparaginase produced from Enterobacter cloacae was purified to apparent homogeneity. The purified enzyme was found to be homodimer of approximately 106 kDa with monomeric size of approximately 52 kDa and pI 4.5. Purified enzyme showed optimum activity between pH 7-8 and temperature 35-40°C, which is close to the internal environment of human body. Monovalent cations such as Na+ and K+ enhanced asparaginase activity whereas divalent and trivalent cations, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Fe3+ inhibited the enzyme activity. Kinetic parameters Km, Vmax and Kcat of purified enzyme were found to be 1.58×10-3 M, 2.22 IU μg-1 and 5.3 × 104 S-1, respectively. Purified enzyme showed prolonged in vitro serum (T1/2 = ~ 39 h) and trypsin (T1/2 = ~ 32 min) half life, which is therapeutically remarkable feature. The cytotoxic activity of enzyme was examined against a panel of human cancer cell lines, HL-60, MOLT-4, MDA-MB-231 and T47D, and highest cytotoxicity observed against HL-60 cells (IC50 ~ 3.1 IU ml-1), which was comparable to commercial asparaginase. Cell and nuclear morphological studies of HL-60 cells showed that on treatment with purified asparaginase symptoms of apoptosis were increased in dose dependent manner. Cell cycle progression analysis indicates that enzyme induces apoptosis by cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. Mitochondrial membrane potential loss showed that enzyme also triggers the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Furthermore, the enzyme was found to be nontoxic for human noncancerous cells FR-2 and nonhemolytic for human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Husain
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Biological Science, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anjana Sharma
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Biological Science, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
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21
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Novel seleno- and thio-urea derivatives with potent in vitro activities against several cancer cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 113:134-44. [PMID: 26922233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel selenourea derivatives and corresponding thiourea analogs were synthesized and tested against a panel of six human cancer cell lines: melanoma (1205Lu), lung carcinoma (A549), prostatic carcinoma (DU145), colorectal carcinoma (HCT116), pancreatic epithelioid carcinoma (PANC-1) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (BxPC3). In general, we found that the selenium-containing derivatives were more potent than their isosteric sulfur analogs. Four selenourea derivatives (1e, 1f, 1g and 1i) showed IC50 values below 10 μM in all of tested cell lines at 72 h. On the basis of its potent activity, compound 1g was selected for further biological evaluation in different colon cancer cell lines. Our results indicated that compound 1g induced apoptosis by caspase activation, along with inhibition of anti-apoptotic proteins.
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Purification and characterization of glutaminase free asparaginase from Pseudomonas otitidis: Induce apoptosis in human leukemia MOLT-4 cells. Biochimie 2016; 121:38-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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John F, George J, Vartak SV, Srivastava M, Hassan PA, Aswal VK, Karki SS, Raghavan SC. Enhanced efficacy of pluronic copolymer micelle encapsulated SCR7 against cancer cell proliferation. Macromol Biosci 2014; 15:521-34. [PMID: 25515310 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
5,6-Bis(benzylideneamino)-2-mercaptopyrimidin-4-ol (SCR7) is a new anti cancer molecule having capability to selectively inhibit non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), one of the DNA double strand break (DSB) repair pathways inside the cells. In spite of the promising potential as an anticancer agent, hydrophobicity of SCR7 decreases its bioavailability. Herein the entrapment of SCR7 in Pluronic copolymer is reported. The size of the aggregates was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) which yields an average diameter of 23 nm. SCR7 encapsulated micelles (ES) were also characterized by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Evaluation of its biological properties by using a variety of techniques, including Trypan blue, MTT and Live-dead cell assays, reveal that encapsulated SCR7 can induce cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines, being more effective in breast cancer cell line. Encapsulated SCR7 treatment resulted in accumulation of DNA breaks within the cells, resulting in cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and activation of apoptosis. More importantly, we found ≈ 5 fold increase in cell death, when encapsulated SCR7 was used in comparison with SCR7 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin John
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College, Kochi, 682 013, India
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24
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Rehman K, Fu YJ, Zhang YF, Wang QQ, Wu B, Wu Y, Zhou XY, Sun WH, Sun TF, Naranmandura H. Trivalent methylated arsenic metabolites induce apoptosis in human myeloid leukemic HL-60 cells through generation of reactive oxygen species. Metallomics 2014; 6:1502-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00119b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trivalent arsenic metabolites mediate HL-60 cell apoptosis via ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Medicine and Public Health
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yu Jie Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Fang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Qian Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ocean College
- Zhejiang University
| | - Yuan Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Yi Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wu Hui Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tian Fu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hua Naranmandura
- Department of Toxicology
- School of Medicine and Public Health
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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