1
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Kin R, Hoshi D, Fujita H, Kosaka T, Takamura H, Kiyokawa E. Prognostic significance of p16, p21, and Ki67 expression at the invasive front of colorectal cancers. Pathol Int 2023; 73:81-90. [PMID: 36484761 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells at the invasive front are believed to be responsible for invasion/metastasis. This has led to examining various morphological features and protein expressions at the invasive front. However, accurate assessment of the pathological section requires long-time training, and inter-observer disagreement is problematic. Immunohistochemistry and digital imaging analysis may mitigate these problems; however, the choice of which proteins to stain and the best analysis method remains controversial. We used the "go-or-grow" hypothesis to select markers with the greatest prognostic relevance. Importantly, nonproliferating cells can migrate. We used Ki67 as a proliferation marker, with p16 and p21 designating nonproliferating cells. We established a semi-automated quantification workflow to study protein expression in serial pathological sections. A total of 51 patients with completely resected colorectal cancer (stages I-IV) were analyzed, and 44 patients were followed up. Patients with cancer cells with p16-high/p21-low or p21-low/Ki67-low at the deepest invasive front demonstrated a significantly worse prognosis than those who did not display these characteristics. These results suggest that the nonproliferating cancer cells at the invasion front possess invasion/metastatic property with heterogeneity of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kin
- Department of Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hoshi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hideto Fujita
- Department of Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Houju Memorial Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | - Etsuko Kiyokawa
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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2
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Torres P, Anerillas C, Ramírez-Núñez O, Fernàndez A, Encinas M, Povedano M, Andrés-Benito P, Ferrer I, Ayala V, Pamplona R, Portero-Otín M. The motor neuron disease mouse model hSOD1-G93A shows a non-canonical profile of senescence biomarkers. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:276182. [PMID: 35916061 PMCID: PMC9459393 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate senescence mechanisms, including senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), in the motor-neuron disease model hSOD1-G93A, we quantified the expression of p16 and p21 and the senescence-associated β galactosidase (SA-β-gal) in nervous tissue. As SASP markers, we measured the mRNA levels of Il1a, Il6, Ifna, and Ifnb. Furthermore, we explored if an alteration of alternative splicing is associated with senescence by measuring the Adipor2 cryptic exon inclusion levels, a specific splicing variant repressed by TAR-DNA binding of 43 kDa (Tdp-43). Transgenic mice show an atypical senescence profile with high p16 and p21 mRNA and protein in glia, without the canonical increase in SA-β-gal activity. Consistent with SASP, there is an increase in Il1a and Il6 expression, associated with increased TNFR and M-CSF protein levels, with females being partially protected. TDP-43 splicing activity is compromised in this model. Senolytic drug Navitoclax does not alter the present 'model's disease progression. This lack of effect is reproduced in vitro, in contrast with Dasatinib and quercetin, which diminish p16 and p21. Our findings show a non-canonical profile of senescence biomarkers in the model hSOD1-G93A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascual Torres
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Carlos Anerillas
- Oncogenic Signalling and Development, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Omar Ramírez-Núñez
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Fernàndez
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mario Encinas
- Oncogenic Signalling and Development, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mònica Povedano
- Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pol Andrés-Benito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Victòria Ayala
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otín
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
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3
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Li C, Zhao X, He Y, Li Z, Qian J, Zhang L, Ye Q, Qiu F, Lian P, Qian M, Zhang H. The functional role of inherited CDKN2A variants in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2022; 32:43-50. [PMID: 34369425 PMCID: PMC8694244 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic alterations in CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 9p21 confer a predisposition to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Genome-wide association studies have identified missense variants in CDKN2A associated with the development of ALL. This study systematically evaluated the effects of CDKN2A coding variants on ALL risk. METHODS We genotyped the CDKN2A coding region in 308 childhood ALL cases enrolled in CCCG-ALL-2015 clinical trials by Sanger Sequencing. Cell growth assay, cell cycle assay, MTT-based cell toxicity assay, and western blot were performed to assess the CDKN2A coding variants on ALL predisposition. RESULTS We identified 10 novel exonic germline variants, including 6 missense mutations (p.A21V, p.G45A and p.V115L of p16INK4A; p.T31R, p.R90G, and p.R129L of p14ARF) and 1 nonsense mutation and 1 heterozygous termination codon mutation in exon 2 (p16INK4A p.S129X). Functional studies indicate that five novel variants resulted in reduced tumor suppressor activity of p16INK4A, and increased the susceptibility to the leukemic transformation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Compared to other variants, p.H142R contributes higher sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors. CONCLUSION These findings provide direct insight into the influence of inherited genetic variants at the CDKN2A coding region on the development of ALL and the precise clinical application of CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Li
- Department of Hematology/Oncology
- Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Xinying Zhao
- Department of Hematology/Oncology
- Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | | | - Ziping Li
- Department of Hematology/Oncology
- Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Jiabi Qian
- Department of Hematology/Oncology
- Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology
| | - Qian Ye
- Department of Hematology/Oncology
| | - Fei Qiu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peng Lian
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Maoxiang Qian
- Institute of Pediatrics and Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Strauss RP, Audsley KM, Passman AM, van Vuuren JH, Finch-Edmondson ML, Callus BA, Yeoh GC. Loss of ARF/INK4A Promotes Liver Progenitor Cell Transformation Toward Tumorigenicity Supporting Their Role in Hepatocarcinogenesis. Gene Expr 2020; 20:39-52. [PMID: 32317048 PMCID: PMC7284103 DOI: 10.3727/105221620x15874935364268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver progenitor cells (LPCs) contribute to liver regeneration during chronic damage and are implicated as cells of origin for liver cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The CDKN2A locus, which encodes the tumor suppressors alternate reading frame protein (ARF) and INK4A, was identified as one of the most frequently altered genes in HCC. This study demonstrates that inactivation of CDKN2A enhances tumorigenic transformation of LPCs. The level of ARF and INK4A expression was determined in a panel of transformed and nontransformed wild-type LPC lines. Moreover, the transforming potential of LPCs with inactivated CDKN2A was shown to be enhanced in LPCs derived from Arf-/- and CDKN2Afl/fl mice and in wild-type LPCs following CRISPR-Cas9 suppression of CDKN2A. ARF and INK4A abundance is consistently reduced or ablated following LPC transformation. Arf-/- and CDKN2A-/- LPCs displayed hallmarks of transformation such as anchorage-independent and more rapid growth than control LPC lines with unaltered CDKN2A. Transformation was not immediate, suggesting that the loss of CDKN2A alone is insufficient. Further analysis revealed decreased p21 expression as well as reduced epithelial markers and increased mesenchymal markers, indicative of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, following inactivation of the CDKN2A gene were required for tumorigenic transformation. Loss of ARF and INK4A enhances the propensity of LPCs to undergo a tumorigenic transformation. As LPCs represent a cancer stem cell candidate, identifying CDKN2A as a driver of LPC transformation highlights ARF and INK4A as viable prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn P. Strauss
- *School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- †Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Katherine M. Audsley
- *School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Adam M. Passman
- *School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- †Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Joanne H. van Vuuren
- †Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Bernard A. Callus
- *School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - George C. Yeoh
- *School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- †Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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5
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Xiao Z, He Y, Liu C, Xiang L, Yi J, Wang M, Shen T, Shen L, Xue Y, Shi H, Liu P. Targeting P16INK4A in uterine serous carcinoma through inhibition of histone demethylation. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2667-2678. [PMID: 30896884 PMCID: PMC6448098 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is a subtype of endometrial cancer. Compared with endometrial endometroid carcinoma, the majority of USC cases are more aggressive. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (P16INK4A) is a canonical tumor suppressor that blocks cell cycle progression; however, P16INK4A is overexpressed in USC. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of P16INK4A in P16INK4A‑positive endometrial cancer, with the hope of elucidating a novel therapeutic approach for this type of malignancy. A total of 2 endometrial cancer cell lines, ETN‑1 and EFE‑184, were selected for further investigation, due to them being known to express high levels of P16INK4A. Using short hairpin RNA targeting P16INK4A, P16INK4A was downregulated in these cancer cell lines. Cell viability and migration were examined via 2D/3D clonogenic and wound healing assays. Subsequently, GSK‑J4, a histone demethylase inhibitor, was employed to deplete P16INK4A in these cancer cell lines and an ex vivo culture system of a patient‑derived xenograft (PDX) endometrial tumor sample. Following P16INK4A knockdown, the proliferation and migration of ETN‑1 and EFE‑184 cells markedly declined. When exposed to GSK‑J4, the levels of KDM6B and P16INK4A were almost completely abrogated, and the cell viability was significantly reduced in these cell lines and the ex vivo‑cultured PDX tumor explants. The association between the levels of P16INK4A, lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) and the methylation status of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) in these cell lines and the human USC tumor sample was also demonstrated. P16INK4A appears to be oncogenic in a number of endometrial cancer cell lines. The level of P16INK4A is associated with the methylation status of H3K27. Increased methylation of H3K27 coexists with downregulation of KDM6B and, subsequently, P16INK4A, which reduces cell proliferation and invasiveness in endometrial cancer. The observations of the present study may enable the development of a novel therapeutic strategy for P16INK4A‑positive endometrial cancer, particularly USC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yingying He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Chongya Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jingyan Yi
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Shen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lanlin Shen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yijue Xue
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Pixu Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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6
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Chen YL, Wu WL, Jang CW, Yen YC, Wang SH, Tsai FY, Shen YY, Chen YW. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 modulates cell migration by interacting with Rac1 and contributes to lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:4480-4495. [PMID: 30765861 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to understand the underlying mechanisms of lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), through in vivo selection, LN1-1 cells were previously established from OEC-M1 cells and showed enhanced lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis capabilities. In the current study, we use a stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomic platform to compare LN1-1 to OEC-M1 cells. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) was found highly expressed in LN1-1 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis and meta-analysis of publicly available microarray datasets revealed that the ISG15 level was increased in human OSCC tissues and associated with poor disease outcome. Knockdown of ISG15 had minimal effects on tumor growth but did decrease tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of LN1-1 cells. Consistent with the in vivo assay, ISG15 knockdown did not impair cell growth but diminished cell migration, invasion, and transendothelial migration in vitro. ISG15-induced cell migration was independent of ISGylation and associated with membrane protrusion. Ectopic expression of ISG15 increased Rac1 activity and knockdown of Rac1 impaired ISG15-enhanced migration. Furthermore, Rac1 colocalized with ISG15 to a region of membrane protrusion and ISG15 coimmunoprecipitated with Rac1, especially with the Rac1-GDP form. Importantly, as shown by proximity ligation assays, ISG15 and Rac1 physically interacted with each other. Our results indicated that ISG15 affects cell migration by interacting with Rac1 and regulating Rac1 activity and contributes to lymphatic metastasis in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lin Wu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Wei Jang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Han Wang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Shen
- Pathology Core Laboratory, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Abd El-Wahed AA, Khalifa SA, Sheikh BY, Farag MA, Saeed A, Larik FA, Koca-Caliskan U, AlAjmi MF, Hassan M, Wahabi HA, Hegazy MEF, Algethami AF, Büttner S, El-Seedi HR. Bee Venom Composition: From Chemistry to Biological Activity. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2019:459-484. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64181-6.00013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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8
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Götz C, Bissinger O, Nobis C, Wolff KD, Drecoll E, Kolk A. ALDH1 as a prognostic marker for lymph node metastasis in OSCC. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:284-290. [PMID: 30233780 PMCID: PMC6142035 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term survival in cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), remains a rare achievement in the field of clinical oncology. In recent years, the theory of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has emerged and been used to offer explanations for tumour recurrence and metastasis. The present aim was to investigate the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) as a CSC-marker for OSCC and to determine the role of p16ink4a, which is also a surrogate marker of human papilloma virus (HPV), in the expression of ALDH1. The study cohort comprised of 186 surgically-treated cases of OSCC. The primaries were located in the oral cavity. The expression of the CSC marker (CSCM) ALDH1 was evaluated via immunohistochemistry (IHC) of a tissue microarray. HPV detection was performed by polymerase chain reaction and an HPV Array kit. Furthermore, the IHC expression of p16ink4a was also analysed. Risk regression models as the Kruskal Wallis test was used to assess the association of CSCM and p16ink4a expression with tumour size and lymph node metastasis, and cox proportional hazards were analysed. Additionally, coexpression of the markers ALDH1 and p16ink4a was analysed with regard to associations with tumour classification. Overall, high expression of ALDH1 in lymph nodes was significantly associated with Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stage IV (P=0.044) and T4 stage cancer (P=0.03). p16ink4a positivity, in cases of HPV negativity, was associated with worse survival rate compared with that of the total cohort (P=0.048). Collectively the data indicate that ALDH1 expression may be suitable for detection of unfavourable prognosis in OSCC patients, based in part on its apparent role as a marker of metastasis. HPV status was not statistically predictive of patient outcome or CSCM expression; however, p16ink4a remains a potential marker in HNSCC Further in vitro studies with ALDH1 and p16ink4a should be performed to evaluate the expression of ALDH1 and HPV in cell culture and to clarify the role of ALDH1 as a marker for increased invasiveness of OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Götz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Bissinger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Nobis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Dietrich Wolff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Enken Drecoll
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Kolk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
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Umbayev B, Masoud AR, Tsoy A, Alimbetov D, Olzhayev F, Shramko A, Kaiyrlykyzy A, Safarova Y, Davis T, Askarova S. Elevated levels of the small GTPase Cdc42 induces senescence in male rat mesenchymal stem cells. Biogerontology 2018; 19:287-301. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Yang X, Sun Y, Li H, Shao Y, Zhao D, Yu W, Fu J. C-terminal binding protein-2 promotes cell proliferation and migration in breast cancer via suppression of p16INK4A. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26154-26168. [PMID: 28412731 PMCID: PMC5432247 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
C-terminal binding protein-2 (CtBP2) enhances cancer proliferation and metastasis. The role and mechanism of CtBP2 in breast cancer remains to be elucidated. Western blot and immunochemistry were employed to evaluate the level of CtBP2 and p16INK4A in breast cancer. Genetic manipulation was used to study the expression of p16INK4A and its downstream genes regulated by CtBP2. Functional assays, including colony formation, wound healing, transwell invasion, anchorage-independent growth assay and a xenograft tumor model were used to determine the oncogenic role of CtBP2 in breast cancer progression. The expression of CtBP2 was increased in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. The expression of p16INK4A were inversely correlated CtBP2 (r2 = 0.43, P < 0.01). The expression of both CtBP2 and p16INK4A were significantly related to histological differentiation (P < 0.01 and P = 0.004, respectively) and metastasis (P = 0.046 and 0.047, respectively). The overall survival rate was lower in patients with increased CtBP2 expression and lower p16INK4A expression. Knockdown of CtBP2 resulted in the activation of p16INK4A and down–regulation of cell cycle regulators cyclin D, cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and 4. This down-regulation also led to a decreased transition of the G1-S phase in breast cancer cells. Moreover, gain-of-function experiments showed that CtBP2 suppressed p16INK4A and matrix metalloproteinase-2, subsequently enhancing the migration in breast cancer. However, the silence of CtBP2 abrogated this effect. Collectively, these findings provide insight into the role CtBP2 plays in promoting proliferation and migration in breast cancer by the inhibition of p16INK4A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hongling Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuhui Shao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Depeng Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
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11
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Powell JE, Fung JN, Shakhbazov K, Sapkota Y, Cloonan N, Hemani G, Hillman KM, Kaufmann S, Luong HT, Bowdler L, Painter JN, Holdsworth-Carson SJ, Visscher PM, Dinger ME, Healey M, Nyholt DR, French JD, Edwards SL, Rogers PAW, Montgomery GW. Endometriosis risk alleles at 1p36.12 act through inverse regulation of CDC42 and LINC00339. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 25:5046-5058. [PMID: 28171565 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified markers within the WNT4 region on chromosome 1p36.12 showing consistent and strong association with increasing endometriosis risk. Fine mapping using sequence and imputed genotype data has revealed strong candidates for the causal SNPs within these critical regions; however, the molecular pathogenesis of these SNPs is currently unknown. We used gene expression data collected from whole blood from 862 individuals and endometrial tissue from 136 individuals from independent populations of European descent to examine the mechanism underlying endometriosis susceptibility. Association mapping results from 7,090 individuals (2,594 cases and 4,496 controls) supported rs3820282 as the SNP with the strongest association for endometriosis risk (P = 1.84 × 10−5, OR = 1.244 (1.126-1.375)). SNP rs3820282 is a significant eQTL in whole blood decreasing expression of LINC00339 (also known as HSPC157) and increasing expression of CDC42 (P = 2.0 ×10−54 and 4.5x10−4 respectively). The largest effects were for two LINC00339 probes (P = 2.0 ×10−54; 1.0 × 10−34). The eQTL for LINC00339 was also observed in endometrial tissue (P = 2.4 ×10−8) with the same direction of effect for both whole blood and endometrial tissue. There was no evidence for eQTL effects for WNT4. Chromatin conformation capture provides evidence for risk SNPs interacting with the promoters of both LINC00339 and CDC4 and luciferase reporter assays suggest the risk SNP rs12038474 is located in a transcriptional silencer for CDC42 and the risk allele increases expression of CDC42. However, no effect of rs3820282 was observed in the LINC00339 expression in Ishikawa cells. Taken together, our results suggest that SNPs increasing endometriosis risk in this region act through CDC42, but further functional studies are required to rule out inverse regulation of both LINC00339 and CDC42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Powell
- Centre for Neurogenetics and Statistical Genomics, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny N Fung
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Konstantin Shakhbazov
- Centre for Neurogenetics and Statistical Genomics, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yadav Sapkota
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicole Cloonan
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gibran Hemani
- Centre for Neurogenetics and Statistical Genomics, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
| | - Kristine M Hillman
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susanne Kaufmann
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hien T Luong
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lisa Bowdler
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jodie N Painter
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah J Holdsworth-Carson
- Gynaecology Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Centre for Neurogenetics and Statistical Genomics, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Garvan Medical Research Institute, Sydney, Australia,St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia and
| | - Martin Healey
- Gynaecology Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Juliet D French
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stacey L Edwards
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter A W Rogers
- Gynaecology Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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12
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Dok R, Glorieux M, Holacka K, Bamps M, Nuyts S. Dual role for p16 in the metastasis process of HPV positive head and neck cancers. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:113. [PMID: 28662664 PMCID: PMC5492443 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies show that human papillomavirus (HPV) positive head and neck cancers (HNSCC) are typically characterized by low tumor and high regional node stages, intrinsically indicating high local metastatic potential. Despite this, the distant metastasis rates of HPV positive and negative HNSCC are similar. To date, majority of the studies focus on molecular characterization of HPV positive disease and on treatment outcome. Here we assessed the biological mechanisms of metastasis by combining in vitro and in vivo head and neck carcinoma xenograft models with patient data. We provide experimental evidence for a dual role of p16, a surrogate marker for HPV infections, in the metastasis process of HNSCC. We found that p16 regulates the invasiveness and metastatic potential of HNSCC cells by impairing angiogenesis. In parallel, we found that p16 is regulating the nodal spread by mediating lymphatic vessel formation through the upregulation of integrins. These findings not only provide understanding of the biology of the different dissemination patterns but also suggest that inhibition of lymphangiogenesis in HPV positive cancers and inhibition of angiogenesis in HPV negative cancers can form a treatment strategy against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüveyda Dok
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mary Glorieux
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karolina Holacka
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marieke Bamps
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, UH Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 815, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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13
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Yen YC, Hsiao JR, Jiang SS, Chang JS, Wang SH, Shen YY, Chen CH, Chang IS, Chang JY, Chen YW. Insulin-like growth factor-independent insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 promotes cell migration and lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by requirement of integrin β1. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41837-55. [PMID: 26540630 PMCID: PMC4747192 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequent metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes leads to poor survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To understand the underlying mechanisms of lymph node metastasis, two sublines were successfully isolated from cervical lymph nodes of nude mice through in vivo selection, and identified as originating from poorly metastatic parental cells. These two sublines specifically metastasized to cervical lymph nodes in 83% of mice, whereas OEC-M1 cells did not metastasize after injection into the oral cavity. After gene expression analysis, we identified insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) as one of the significantly up-regulated genes in the sublines in comparison with their parental cells. Consistently, meta-analysis of the public microarray datasets and IGFBP3 immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased both levels of IGFBP3 mRNA and protein in human OSCC tissues when compared to normal oral or adjacent nontumorous tissues. Interestingly, the up-regulated IGFBP3 mRNA expression was significantly associated with OSCC patients with lymph node metastasis. IGFBP3 knockdown in the sublines impaired and ectopic IGFBP3 expression in the parental cells promoted migration, transendothelial migration and lymph node metastasis of orthotopic transplantation. Additionally, ectopic expression of IGFBP3 with an IGF-binding defect sustained the IGFBP3-enhanced biological functions. Results indicated that IGFBP3 regulates metastasis-related functions of OSCC cells through an IGF-independent mechanism. Furthermore, exogenous IGFBP3 was sufficient to induce cell motility and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. The silencing of integrin β1 was able to impair exogenous IGFBP3-mediated migration and ERK phosphorylation, suggesting a critical role of integrin β1 in IGFBP3-enchanced functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Yen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey S Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Han Wang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Shen
- Pathology Core Laboratory, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - I-Shou Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Fusté NP, Fernández-Hernández R, Cemeli T, Mirantes C, Pedraza N, Rafel M, Torres-Rosell J, Colomina N, Ferrezuelo F, Dolcet X, Garí E. Cytoplasmic cyclin D1 regulates cell invasion and metastasis through the phosphorylation of paxillin. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11581. [PMID: 27181366 PMCID: PMC4873647 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) together with its binding partner Cdk4 act as a transcriptional regulator to control cell proliferation and migration, and abnormal Ccnd1·Cdk4 expression promotes tumour growth and metastasis. While different nuclear Ccnd1·Cdk4 targets participating in cell proliferation and tissue development have been identified, little is known about how Ccnd1·Cdk4 controls cell adherence and invasion. Here, we show that the focal adhesion component paxillin is a cytoplasmic substrate of Ccnd1·Cdk4. This complex phosphorylates a fraction of paxillin specifically associated to the cell membrane, and promotes Rac1 activation, thereby triggering membrane ruffling and cell invasion in both normal fibroblasts and tumour cells. Our results demonstrate that localization of Ccnd1·Cdk4 to the cytoplasm does not simply act to restrain cell proliferation, but constitutes a functionally relevant mechanism operating under normal and pathological conditions to control cell adhesion, migration and metastasis through activation of a Ccnd1·Cdk4-paxillin-Rac1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel P Fusté
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rita Fernández-Hernández
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tània Cemeli
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Mirantes
- Oncopathology Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Pedraza
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Rafel
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Torres-Rosell
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Colomina
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francisco Ferrezuelo
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Oncopathology Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eloi Garí
- Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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15
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Ahronian LG, Zhu LJ, Chen YW, Chu HC, Klimstra DS, Lewis BC. A novel KLF6-Rho GTPase axis regulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and dissemination. Oncogene 2016; 35:4653-62. [PMID: 26876204 PMCID: PMC4985511 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The presence of invasion into the extra-hepatic portion of the portal vein or the development of distant metastases renders hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients ineligible for the only potential curative options for this malignancy-tumor resection or organ transplantation. Gene expression profiling of murine HCC cell lines identified KLF6 as a potential regulator of HCC cell migration. KLF6 knockdown increases cell migration, consistent with the correlation between decreased KLF6 mRNA levels and the presence of vascular invasion in human HCC. Concordantly, single-copy deletion of Klf6 in a HCC mouse model results in increased tumor formation, increased metastasis to the lungs and decreased survival, indicating that KLF6 suppresses both HCC development and metastasis. By combining gene expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to deep sequencing, we identified novel transcriptional targets of KLF6 in HCC cells including VAV3, a known activator of the RAC1 small GTPase. Indeed, RAC1 activity is increased in KLF6-knockdown cells in a VAV3-dependent manner, and knockdown of either RAC1 or VAV3 impairs HCC cell migration. Together, our data demonstrate a novel function for KLF6 in constraining HCC dissemination through the regulation of a VAV3-RAC1 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Ahronian
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - L J Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Y-W Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Maioli, Taiwan
| | - H-C Chu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Maioli, Taiwan
| | - D S Klimstra
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - B C Lewis
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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16
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Liang J, Wang P, Xie S, Wang W, Zhou X, Hu J, Shi Q, Zhang X, Yu R. Bmi-1 regulates the migration and invasion of glioma cells through p16. Cell Biol Int 2014; 39:283-90. [PMID: 25262972 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bmi-1 is involved in the development of several human cancers; however, its significance in glioma progression remains largely unknown. We report that downregulation of Bmi-1 clearly reduces glioma cell migration and invasion. Downregulation of Bmi-1 promotes the expression of the tumor suppressor p16, which is important in glioma cell motility. Reduction in glioma cell invasion due to downregulation of Bmi-1 could be rescued by p16 downregulation. These results show that Bmi-1 contributes to the motility of glioma cells by regulating the expression of p16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, P. R. China; Lab of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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17
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Liu H, Lou G, Li C, Wang X, Cederbaum AI, Gan L, Xie B. HBx inhibits CYP2E1 gene expression via downregulating HNF4α in human hepatoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107913. [PMID: 25238230 PMCID: PMC4169590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP2E1, one of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidases located predominantly in liver, plays a key role in metabolism of xenobiotics including ethanol and procarcinogens. Recently, down-expression of CYP2E1 was found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with the majority to be chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers. In this study, we tested a hypothesis that HBx may inhibit CYP2E1 gene expression via hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α). By enforced HBx gene expression in cultured HepG2 cells, we determined the effect of HBx on CYP2E1 mRNA and protein expression. With a bioinformatics analysis, we found a consensus HNF-4α binding sequence located on −318 to −294 bp upstream of human CYP2E1 promoter. Using reporter gene assay and site-directed mutagenesis, we have shown that mutation of this site dramatically decreased CYP2E1 promoter activity. By silencing endogenous HNF-4α, we have further validated knockdown of HNF-4α significantly decreased CYP2E1expression. Ectopic overexpression of HBx in HepG2 cells inhibits HNF-4α expression, and HNF-4α levels were inversely correlated with viral proteins both in HBV-infected HepG2215 cells and as well as HBV positive HCC liver tissues. Moreover, the HBx-induced CYP2E1 reduction could be rescued by ectopic supplement of HNF4α protein expression. Furthermore, human hepatoma cells C34, which do not express CYP2E1, shows enhanced cell growth rate compared to E47, which constitutively expresses CYP2E1. In addition, the significantly altered liver proteins in CYP2E1 knockout mice were detected with proteomics analysis. Together, HBx inhibits human CYP2E1 gene expression via downregulating HNF4α which contributes to promotion of human hepatoma cell growth. The elucidation of a HBx-HNF4α-CYP2E1 pathway provides novel insight into the molecular mechanism underlining chronic HBV infection associated hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital & Institute of Surgery Research, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiyu Lou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chongyi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Chongqing Biomean Technology Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Arthur I. Cederbaum
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lixia Gan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (LG); (BX)
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital & Institute of Surgery Research, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (LG); (BX)
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18
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Oleinik NV, Helke KL, Kistner-Griffin E, Krupenko NI, Krupenko SA. Rho GTPases RhoA and Rac1 mediate effects of dietary folate on metastatic potential of A549 cancer cells through the control of cofilin phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26383-26394. [PMID: 25086046 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.569657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate, an important nutrient in the human diet, has been implicated in cancer, but its role in metastasis is not established. We have shown previously that the withdrawal of medium folate leads to the inhibition of migration and invasion of A549 lung carcinoma cells. Here we have demonstrated that medium folate regulates the function of Rho GTPases by enabling their carboxyl methylation and translocation to plasma membrane. Conversely, the lack of folate leads to the retention of these proteins in endoplasmic reticulum. Folate also promoted the switch from inactive (GDP-bound) to active (GTP-bound) GTPases, resulting in the activation of downstream kinases p21-activated kinase and LIM kinase and phosphorylation of the actin-depolymerizing factor cofilin. We have further demonstrated that in A549 cells two GTPases, RhoA and Rac1, but not Cdc42, are immediate sensors of folate status: the siRNA silencing of RhoA or Rac1 blocked effects of folate on cofilin phosphorylation and cellular migration and invasion. The finding that folate modulates metastatic potential of cancer cells was confirmed in an animal model of lung cancer using tail vein injection of A549 cells in SCID mice. A folate-rich diet enhanced lung colonization and distant metastasis to lymph nodes and decreased overall survival (35 versus 63 days for mice on a folate-restricted diet). High folate also promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells and experimental mouse tumors. Our study provides experimental evidence for a mechanism of metastasis promotion by dietary folate and highlights the interaction between nutrients and metastasis-related signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Oleinik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Kristi L Helke
- Comparative Medicine and Laboratory Animal Resources, and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Emily Kistner-Griffin
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Natalia I Krupenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Sergey A Krupenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425.
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19
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Lou X, Zhang J, Liu S, Xu N, Liao DJ. The other side of the coin: the tumor-suppressive aspect of oncogenes and the oncogenic aspect of tumor-suppressive genes, such as those along the CCND-CDK4/6-RB axis. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1677-93. [PMID: 24799665 DOI: 10.4161/cc.29082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer-regulatory genes are dichotomized to oncogenes and tumor-suppressor gene s, in reality they can be oncogenic in one situation but tumor-suppressive in another. This dual-function nature, which sometimes hampers our understanding of tumor biology, has several manifestations: (1) Most canonically defined genes have multiple mRNAs, regulatory RNAs, protein isoforms, and posttranslational modifications; (2) Genes may interact at different levels, such as by forming chimeric RNAs or by forming different protein complexes; (3) Increased levels of tumor-suppressive genes in normal cells drive proliferation of cancer progenitor cells in the same organ or tissue by imposing compensatory proliferation pressure, which presents the dual-function nature as a cell-cell interaction. All these manifestations of dual functions can find examples in the genes along the CCND-CDK4/6-RB axis. The dual-function nature also underlies the heterogeneity of cancer cells. Gene-targeting chemotherapies, including that targets CDK4, are effective to some cancer cells but in the meantime may promote growth or progression of some others in the same patient. Redefining "gene" by considering each mRNA, regulatory RNA, protein isoform, and posttranslational modification from the same genomic locus as a "gene" may help in better understanding tumor biology and better selecting targets for different sub-populations of cancer cells in individual patients for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Lou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information; Beijing Institute of Genomics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, PR China
| | - Ju Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information; Beijing Institute of Genomics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, PR China
| | - Siqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information; Beijing Institute of Genomics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, PR China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology; Cancer Institute; Chinese Academy of Medical Science; Beijing, PR China
| | - D Joshua Liao
- Hormel Institute; University of Minnesota; Austin, MN USA
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20
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Rac1 as a potential therapeutic target for chemo-radioresistant head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2677-87. [PMID: 24786604 PMCID: PMC4037830 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to improve therapy for HNSCC patients, novel methods to predict and combat local and/or distant tumour relapses are urgently needed. This study has been dedicated to the hypothesis that Rac1, a Rho GTPase, is implicated in HNSCC insensitivity to chemo-radiotherapy resulting in tumour recurrence development. METHODS Parental and radiation-resistant (IRR) HNSCC cells were used to support this hypothesis. All cells were investigated for their sensitivity to ionising radiation and cisplatin, Rac1 activity, its intracellular expression and subcellular localisation. Additionally, tumour tissues obtained from 60 HNSCC patients showing different therapy response were evaluated for intratumoral Rac1 expression. RESULTS Radiation-resistant IRR cells also revealed resistance to cisplatin accompanied by increased expression, activity and trend towards nuclear translocation of Rac1 protein. Chemical inhibition of Rac1 expression and activity resulted in significant improvement of HNSCC sensitivity to ionising radiation and cisplatin. Preclinical results were confirmed in clinical samples. Although Rac1 was poorly presented in normal mucosa, tumour tissues revealed increased Rac1 expression. The most pronounced Rac1 presence was observed in HNSCC patients with poor early or late responses to chemo-radiotherapy. Tissues taken at recurrence were characterised not only by enhanced Rac1 expression but also increased nuclear Rac1 content. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression, activity and subcellular localisation of Rac1 could be associated with lower early response rate and higher risk of tumour recurrences in HNSCC patients and warrants further validation in larger independent studies. Inhibition of Rac1 activity can be useful in overcoming treatment resistance and could be proposed for HNSCC patients with primary or secondary chemo-radioresistance.
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