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Zhang YR, Liu YR, Tang ZS, Song ZX, Zhang JW, Chang BJ, Zhao ML, Xu J. Rheum officinale Baill. Treats zebrafish embryo thrombosis by regulating NOS3 expression in the arginine biosynthesis pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153967. [PMID: 35182903 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheum officinale Baill. (ROB), as one of the traditional Chinese medicines for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, has a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as cardiovascular protection, and has become a common drug in the clinical care of thrombosis. OBJECTIVE Although there are some pharmacological studies on ROB in the treatment of thrombotic diseases, the mechanism and material basis are still unclear. Based on the arginine biosynthesis signalling pathway, this research explored the target proteins and metabolites related to the intervention of ROB in thrombosis and expounded on the antithrombotic mechanism of ROB from the comprehensive perspectives of target prediction, intermediate metabolites and potential metabolic pathways. METHODS In this research, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology was used to qualitatively detect the chemical compounds of ROB, and the antithrombotic activity of ROB was evaluated by establishing a zebrafish model. The target function was predicted by network pharmacology, and differential metabolites were screened by metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis methods. Correlation analysis of network pharmacology and metabolomics screening results was conducted to identify the potential pathway of ROB intervention in thrombosis, and the prediction results were further verified. RESULTS ROB significantly reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) staining intensity in zebrafish induced by phenylhydrazine (PHZ) and improved the inhibition rate of thrombosis. By constructing the "herb-disease-component-target" network, it was concluded that the active ingredients of ROB in treating thrombosis involved emodin, aloe-emodin and physcion, and the key targets included nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3). A total of 341 differential metabolites in zebrafish with thrombosis were screened by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) experiments and targeted metabolomics verification showed that ROB was mainly involved in improving thrombosis by upregulating the expression of NOS3 mRNA and regulating the levels of arginine, glutamate and glutamine in the arginine biosynthesis pathway. CONCLUSIONS ROB improved thrombosis by regulating the expression of NOS3 mRNA and the contents of arginine, glutamate and glutamine in the arginine biosynthesis signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ru Zhang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, PR China
| | - Yan-Ru Liu
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Shu Tang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, PR China; Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Zhong-Xing Song
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, PR China.
| | - Jun-Wei Zhang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, PR China
| | - Bai-Jin Chang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, PR China; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Meng-Li Zhao
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- Zhenba County Baihuagu Modern Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd., Hanzhong 723000, PR China
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Crespi Z, Ismail A, Awad ME, Hasan AI, Irfan FB, Jaffar M, El-Othmani MM, Saleh KJ. Hospital-Acquired Conditions: A Review of Classical and Novel Risk Factors Following Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasties. JBJS Rev 2021; 9:01874474-202107000-00006. [PMID: 34270501 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.20.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» In 2016, a total of 48,771 hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) were reported in U.S. hospitals. These incidents resulted in an excess cost of >$2 billion, which translates to roughly $41,000 per patient per HAC. » In the settings of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), increased age, a body mass index of >35 kg/m2, male sex, diabetes mellitus, electrolyte disturbances, and a history of anemia increase the likelihood of surgical site infections. » Institution-specific (surgical) risk factors such as increased tourniquet time, an operative time of >130 minutes, bilateral procedures, a femoral nerve block, and general anesthesia increase the risk of HACs in the settings of THA and TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Crespi
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Aya Ismail
- University of Michigan, Dearborn, Michigan
| | - Mohamed E Awad
- FAJR Scientific, Northville, Michigan.,Saleh Medical Innovations Consulting, PLLC, Northville, Michigan.,NorthStar Anesthesia, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.,Michigan State University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ahmad I Hasan
- FAJR Scientific, Northville, Michigan.,Saleh Medical Innovations Consulting, PLLC, Northville, Michigan.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Furqan B Irfan
- Michigan State University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Muhammad Jaffar
- NorthStar Anesthesia, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Khaled J Saleh
- FAJR Scientific, Northville, Michigan.,Saleh Medical Innovations Consulting, PLLC, Northville, Michigan.,Michigan State University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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3
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Huang G, Deng X, Xu Y, Wang P, Li T, Hu P. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphism and venous thromboembolism: A meta-analysis of 9 studies involving 3993 subjects. Phlebology 2021; 36:797-808. [PMID: 34102908 DOI: 10.1177/02683555211016626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphism may influence the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, data from published studies with low statistical power are inconclusive. The present meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship between eNOS polymorphism and the risk of VTE. METHOD Case-control studies evaluating the association between the eNOS polymorphism and VTE were searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Wanfang, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). RESULTS A total of 1588 cases and 2405 controls from 9 studies were included in the analysis. The results showed that eNOS G894T polymorphism was related to VTE susceptibility and the difference was statistically significant [T vs G: OR = 1.41, 95% CI (1.13, 1.75), P = 0.002; TT + GG vs TG: OR = 0.71, 95% CI (0.60, 0.84), P = 0.000; TT + TG vs GG: OR = 1.45, 95% CI (1.23, 1.70), P = 0.000]. Additionally, eNOS Intron 4 VNTR polymorphism was related to VTE susceptibility and the difference was statistically significant [4b4b vs 4a4a + 4a4b: OR = 2.77, 95% CI (1.01, 7.61), P = 0.048]. CONCLUSION ENOS G894T and eNOS Intron 4 VNTR polymorphisms were associated with VTE susceptibility, especially in Asian populations. However, multicenter studies with larger samples should be conducted to further clarify this association and verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Huang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Emergency Medical Cental of Chongqing, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqin University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuejun Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Emergency Medical Cental of Chongqing, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqin University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Emergency Medical Cental of Chongqing, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqin University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Emergency Medical Cental of Chongqing, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqin University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Emergency Medical Cental of Chongqing, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqin University, Chongqing, China
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Zhi L, Feng W, Liang J, Zhong Q, Ren L, Ma J, Yao S. The Effect of Common Variants in SLC44A2 on the Contribution to the Risk of Deep Cein Thrombosis after Orthopedic Surgery. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 28:293-303. [PMID: 32581188 PMCID: PMC8049143 DOI: 10.5551/jat.56333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication of orthopedic surgery. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that genetic factors play an important role in the development of DVT following orthopedic surgery (DVTFOS). Recent evidence suggested that the solute carrier family 44 member 2 (SLC44A) gene may contribute to the risk of DVT. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations of SLC44A2 and DVTFOS in Chinese Han individuals. Methods: In the study, 2,655 subjects, including 689 DVTFOS patients and 1,966 controls, were recruited. Eighteen SNPs were genotyped in the study. Genetic association analyses were performed at both the single marker and haplotype levels. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to predict the functional consequences of significant SNPs. Results: SNP rs2288904 of SLC44A2 was identified as being significantly associated with DVTFOS (P = 0.0003, OR [95%CI]= 1.28[1.12–1.46]). Allelic analyses showed that the G allele of this SNP significantly elevated the risks of DVTFOS, which was replicated in the genotypic association analyses. Moreover, a two-SNP haplotype, including rs2288904, was found to be strongly correlated with the risk of DVTFOS (P = 4.15 × 10−11). Widespread effects in the expression quantitative trait loci were identified for rs2288904 in multiple tissues. Conclusion: In summary, our results provide further supportive evidence of the association of SLC44A2 with the risk of DVTFOS, which also provide clues for understanding the important roles of the SLC44A2 gene in the pathogenesis of DVTFOS and in the development of preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhi
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital,Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Weilou Feng
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Jingqi Liang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Qing Zhong
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital,Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Liaoyuan Ren
- Department of Ultrasonography, Honghui Hospital,Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Jianbing Ma
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital,Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Shuxin Yao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital,Xi'an Jiaotong University
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Rashad S, Han X, Saqr K, Tupin S, Ohta M, Niizuma K, Tominaga T. Epigenetic response of endothelial cells to different wall shear stress magnitudes: A report of new mechano-miRNAs. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7827-7839. [PMID: 31912899 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) respond to flow stress via a variety of mechanisms, leading to various intracellular responses that can modulate the vessel wall and lead to diseases if the flow is disturbed. Mechano-microRNAs (miRNAs) are a subset of miRNAs in the ECs that are flow responsive. Mechano-miRNAs were shown to be related to atherosclerosis pathophysiology, and a number of them were identified as pathologic. Here, we exposed human carotid ECs to different wall shear stresses (WSS), high and low, and evaluated the response of miRNAs by microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. We discovered five new mechano-miRNAs that were not reported in that context previously to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, functional pathway analysis revealed that under low WSS conditions, several pathways regulating apoptosis are affected. In addition, KLF2 and KLF4, known atheroprotective genes, were downregulated under low WSS and upregulated under high WSS. KLF2 and VCAM1, both angiogenic, were upregulated under high WSS. NOS3, which is vascular protective, was also upregulated with higher WSS. On the contrary, ICAM-1 and E-selectin, both atherogenic and proinflammatory, were upregulated with high WSS. Collectively, the epigenetic landscape with the gene expression analysis reveals that low WSS is associated with a proapoptotic state, while high WSS is associated with a proliferative and proinflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Rashad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Xiaobo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Khalid Saqr
- Biomedical Flow Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Simon Tupin
- Biomedical Flow Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohta
- Biomedical Flow Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Niizuma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Prevalence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ENOS) gene G894T polymorphism and its association with hypertension: a population-based study with Brazilian women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:e63-e73. [PMID: 31211272 PMCID: PMC6549039 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2019.84539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, accounting for millions of deaths each year. The reduction in the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the catalysis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is associated with higher blood pressure (BP) levels. This reduction might be because of genetic polymorphisms. This study investigated the prevalence of the eNOS gene G894T polymorphism in women from northeast Brazil and its association with hypertension. Material and methods This cross-sectional study included 810 women (aged 19–49 years). Sociodemographic, health, anthropometric, and BP data were collected. Hypertension was defined according to the following criteria: systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg, the regular use of antihypertensive medication, or some combination thereof. Epithelial cells from the cheek mucosa were obtained for DNA extraction. Genotyping was performed via real-time PCR. The measure of association was the prevalence ratio (PR) and its 95% CI as calculated via Poisson regression. Results The frequencies of the GG, GT, and TT genotypes were 57.1%, 35.7%, and 7.2%, respectively. For each of these genotypes, the prevalence of hypertension in women was 17.9%, 23.6%, and 34.4%, respectively. Relative to the GG genotype, the PRs after adjusting for cofounding factors were 1.24 (95% CI: 0.95–1.61, p = 0.11) for GT and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.16–2.67, p < 0.01) for TT. Conclusions The T allele of the G894T polymorphisms is associated with hypertension in women. This may have implications for prevention and treatment.
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Koko M, Abdallah MOE, Amin M, Ibrahim M. Challenges imposed by minor reference alleles on the identification and reporting of clinical variants from exome data. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:46. [PMID: 29334895 PMCID: PMC5769444 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The conventional variant calling of pathogenic alleles in exome and genome sequencing requires the presence of the non-pathogenic alleles as genome references. This hinders the correct identification of variants with minor and/or pathogenic reference alleles warranting additional approaches for variant calling. Results More than 26,000 Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) variants have a minor reference allele including variants with known ClinVar disease alleles. For instance, in a number of variants related to clotting disorders, the phenotype-associated allele is a human genome reference allele (rs6025, rs6003, rs1799983, and rs2227564 using the assembly hg19). We highlighted how the current variant calling standards miss homozygous reference disease variants in these sites and provided a bioinformatic panel that can be used to screen these variants using commonly available variant callers. We present exome sequencing results from an individual with venous thrombosis to emphasize how pathogenic alleles in clinically relevant variants escape variant calling while non-pathogenic alleles are detected. Conclusions This article highlights the importance of specialized variant calling strategies in clinical variants with minor reference alleles especially in the context of personal genomes and exomes. We provide here a simple strategy to screen potential disease-causing variants when present in homozygous reference state. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4433-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Koko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 102, Army Road, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan. .,Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Mohammed O E Abdallah
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 102, Army Road, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mutaz Amin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 102, Army Road, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Muntaser Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 102, Army Road, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Influence of fat intake and BMI on the association of rs1799983 NOS3 polymorphism with blood pressure levels in an Iberian population. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1589-1596. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhu C, Jiang T, Miao Y, Gong S, Cheng K, Guo J, Tan X, Yue J, Liu J. The SNPs (-1654C/T, -1641A/G and -1476A/T) of protein C promoter are associated with susceptibility to pulmonary thromboembolism in a Chinese population. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:943-8. [PMID: 25093091 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.06.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a common and potentially lethal disease. It is significant to investigate the gene mutations of protein C for clarifying the etiology of PTE. In this present study, we investigated the promoter region polymorphism sites including -1654C/T, -1641A/G and -1476A/T of the protein C gene in a Chinese population. METHODS A total of 110 cases of PTE and one hundred and ninety healthy controls in a Chinese population were genotyped for three polymorphisms (-1654C/T, -1641A/G and -1476A/T) of the protein C promoter. The statistical analysis was performed by Stata 11.0. RESULTS The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (-1654C/T, -1641A/G and -1476A/T) in protein C gene were associated with the susceptibility to PTE in Chinese population. According to the binary logistic regression analysis, the independently significant risk factors for PTE were the complications of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or cancer, history of operation or injury, and the homozygous carriers of the TT genotype (protein C -1654C/T). CONCLUSIONS The SNPs (-1654C/T, -1641A/G and -1476A/T) of protein C promoter gene are associated with the susceptibility to PTE in a Chinese population. Especially, the homozygous carriers of genotype TT (-1654C/T) increase the risk of PTE in a Chinese population. Confirmation of our preliminary observations in a larger scale study is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtai Zhu
- 1 Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China ; 4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- 1 Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China ; 4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yafang Miao
- 1 Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China ; 4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sugang Gong
- 1 Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China ; 4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kebin Cheng
- 1 Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China ; 4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Guo
- 1 Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China ; 4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tan
- 1 Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China ; 4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Yue
- 1 Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China ; 4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- 1 Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China ; 4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
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