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Pellaers E, Bhat A, Christ F, Debyser Z. Determinants of Retroviral Integration and Implications for Gene Therapeutic MLV-Based Vectors and for a Cure for HIV-1 Infection. Viruses 2022; 15:32. [PMID: 36680071 PMCID: PMC9861059 DOI: 10.3390/v15010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To complete their replication cycle, retroviruses need to integrate a DNA copy of their RNA genome into a host chromosome. Integration site selection is not random and is driven by multiple viral and cellular host factors specific to different classes of retroviruses. Today, overwhelming evidence from cell culture, animal experiments and clinical data suggests that integration sites are important for retroviral replication, oncogenesis and/or latency. In this review, we will summarize the increasing knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the integration site selection of the gammaretrovirus MLV and the lentivirus HIV-1. We will discuss how host factors of the integration site selection of retroviruses may steer the development of safer viral vectors for gene therapy. Next, we will discuss how altering the integration site preference of HIV-1 using small molecules could lead to a cure for HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zeger Debyser
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Simantirakis E, Tsironis I, Vassilopoulos G. FV Vectors as Alternative Gene Vehicles for Gene Transfer in HSCs. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030332. [PMID: 32204324 PMCID: PMC7150843 DOI: 10.3390/v12030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) are a unique population of cells, capable of reconstituting the blood system of an organism through orchestrated self-renewal and differentiation. They play a pivotal role in stem cell therapies, both autologous and allogeneic. In the field of gene and cell therapy, HSCs, genetically modified or otherwise, are used to alleviate or correct a genetic defect. In this concise review, we discuss the use of SFVpsc_huHSRV.13, formerly known as Prototype Foamy Viral (PFV or FV) vectors, as vehicles for gene delivery in HSCs. We present the properties of the FV vectors that make them ideal for HSC delivery vehicles, we review their record in HSC gene marking studies and their potential as therapeutic vectors for monogenic disorders in preclinical animal models. FVs are a safe and efficient tool for delivering genes in HSCs compared to other retroviral gene delivery systems. Novel technological advancements in their production and purification in closed systems, have allowed their production under cGMP compliant conditions. It may only be a matter of time before they find their way into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Simantirakis
- Gene Therapy Lab, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Division of Genetics and Gene Therapy, Basic Research II, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (I.T.)
| | - Ioannis Tsironis
- Gene Therapy Lab, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Division of Genetics and Gene Therapy, Basic Research II, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (I.T.)
| | - George Vassilopoulos
- Gene Therapy Lab, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Division of Genetics and Gene Therapy, Basic Research II, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (I.T.)
- Division of Hematology, University of Thessaly Medical School, 41500 Larissa, Greece
- Correspondence:
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4
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Cheng Q, Dong L, Zhang F, Yuan P, Li Z, Sun Y, Yin J, Peng B, He X, Liu W. Short communication: Efficiently inhibiting HIV-1 replication by a prototype foamy virus vector expressing novel H1 promoter-driven short hairpin RNAs. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2015; 31:183-8. [PMID: 25531134 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference has shown great potential for the treatment of HIV-1. Vectors derived from prototype foamy viruses (PFVs) with a nonpathogenic nature are very promising gene transfer vehicles in anti-HIV gene therapy. In this article, three short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting the conserved regions of the HIV-1NL4-3 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) were first designed. We then constructed novel recombinant PFV vector plasmids, p▵Φ-H1-shRNAs, expressing these shRNAs under the control of the H1 RNA promoter. To detect the efficacy of these ▵Φ-H1-shRNAs for the inhibition of HIV-1 replication, we performed a dual-luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR, ELISA, western blotting, and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay by transient transfection in 293T cells. The results suggest that these novel shRNAs driven by PFV vectors inhibit HIV-1 replication efficiently without cytotoxicity, with shRNA3 being the most effective. In addition, we analyzed the shRNA target sites in the 5' LTR of HIV-1 strains other than HIV-1NL4-3 and found that these shRNAs may possibly inhibit other HIV-1 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Cheng
- Pathogenic Organism and Infectious Diseases Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanlan Dong
- Pathogenic Organism and Infectious Diseases Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengfeng Zhang
- Pathogenic Organism and Infectious Diseases Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peipei Yuan
- Pathogenic Organism and Infectious Diseases Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Pathogenic Organism and Infectious Diseases Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Biwen Peng
- Pathogenic Organism and Infectious Diseases Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua He
- Pathogenic Organism and Infectious Diseases Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- Pathogenic Organism and Infectious Diseases Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, China
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Jain A, Muntimadugu E, Domb AJ, Khan W. Cationic Polysaccharides in Gene Delivery. CATIONIC POLYMERS IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782620105-00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Approval of Glybera®, a gene therapy to treat lipoprotein lipase deficiency, by the European Union Marketing Authorization, and more than 1800 clinical trials in over 31 countries for the treatment of many incurable diseases, narrates the successful journey of gene therapy in the biomedical field. However, the undesired side effects of gene therapy using viral and other vectors have overshadowed the success story of gene therapy. Non-viral vectors, and more particularly cationic polysaccharides due to their non-toxicity, water solubility, biodegradability and excellent compatibility with body systems, provide an excellent alternative for gene delivery. This chapter highlights significant contributions made by cationic polysaccharides in gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad India 500037
| | - Eameema Muntimadugu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad India 500037
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel 91120
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad India 500037
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel 91120
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Cationic Polymers for the Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleotides. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_44-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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