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Yang H, Wang L. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cancer: Pathogenesis and therapeutic potential. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 157:251-291. [PMID: 36725112 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are glycoproteins that consist of a proteoglycan "core" protein and covalently attached heparan sulfate (HS) chain. HSPGs are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and secretory vesicles. Within HSPGs, the protein cores determine when and where HSPG expression takes place, and the HS chains mediate most of HSPG's biological roles through binding various protein ligands, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and receptors, morphogens, proteases, protease inhibitors, and ECM proteins. Through these interactions, HSPGs modulate cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis to display essential functions in physiology and pathology. Under physiological conditions, the expression and localization of HSPGs are finely regulated to orchestrate their physiological functions, and this is disrupted in cancer. The HSPG dysregulation elicits multiple oncogenic signaling, including growth factor signaling, ECM and Integrin signaling, chemokine and immune signaling, cancer stem cell, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence, to prompt cell transformation, proliferation, tumor invasion and metastasis, tumor angiogenesis and inflammation, and immunotolerance. These oncogenic roles make HSPGs an attractive pharmacological target for anti-cancer therapy. Several therapeutic strategies have been under development, including anti-HSPG antibodies, peptides and HS mimetics, synthetic xylosides, and heparinase inhibitors, and shown promising anti-cancer efficacy. Therefore, much progress has been made in this line of study. However, it needs to bear in mind that the roles of HSPGs in cancer can be either oncogenic or tumor-suppressive, depending on the HSPG and the cancer cell type with the underlying mechanisms that remain obscure. Further studies need to address these to fill the knowledge gap and rationalize more efficient therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States; Bryd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
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2
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Mohaidat Z, Bodoor K, Almomani R, Alorjani M, Awwad MA, Bany-Khalaf A, Al-Batayneh K. Hereditary multiple osteochondromas in Jordanian patients: Mutational and immunohistochemical analysis of EXT1 and EXT2 genes. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:151. [PMID: 33552269 PMCID: PMC7798038 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular characteristics of hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO) in a subset of Jordanian patients with a focus on the genetic variants of exostosin (EXT1)/(EXT2) and their protein expression. Patients with HMO and their family members were included. Recorded clinical characteristics included age, sex, tumors number and location, joint deformities and associated functional limitations. Mutational analysis of EXT1 and EXT2 exonic regions was performed. Immunohistochemical staining for EXT1 and EXT2 was performed manually using two different commercially available rabbit anti-human EXT1 and EXT2 antibodies. A total of 16 patients with HMO from nine unrelated families were included, with a mean age of 13.9 years. A total of 75% (12/16) of the patients were male and (69%) (11/16) had a mild disease (class I). EXT mutation analysis revealed only EXT1 gene mutations in 13 patients. Seven variants were detected, among which three were novel: c.1019G>A, p. (Arg340His), c.962+1G>A and c.1469del, p. (Leu490Argfs*9). Of the 16 patients, 3 did not harbor any mutations for either EXT1 or EXT2. Immunohistochemical examination revealed decreased expression of EXT1 protein in all patients with EXT1 mutation. Surprisingly, EXT2 protein was not detected in these patients, although none had EXT2 mutations. The majority of Jordanian patients with HMO, who may represent an ethnic group that is infrequently investigated, were males and had a mild clinical disease course; whereas most patients with EXT1 gene mutations were not necessarily associated with a severe clinical disease course. The role of EXT2 gene remains a subject of debate, since patients with EXT1 mutations alone did not express the non-mutated EXT2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad Mohaidat
- Orthopedic Division, Special Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Khaldon Bodoor
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Rowida Almomani
- Department of Laboratory Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Alorjani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad-Akram Awwad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21110, Jordan
| | - Audai Bany-Khalaf
- Orthopedic Division, Special Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Khalid Al-Batayneh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21110, Jordan
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Yadav AK, Parihar M, Pawar ED, Bansal S, G. S. PK, Harsoor A. Management of Forearm Deformity by Limb Reconstruction System in Children with Multiple Exostosis - A case Report. J Orthop Case Rep 2020; 10:14-17. [PMID: 33489961 PMCID: PMC7815676 DOI: 10.13107/jocr.2020.v10.i06.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteochondroma is the group of benign bone tumours, which are composed of spongy bone covered by a cartilaginous cap. Patients with distal ulnar osteochondromas frequently cause forearm deformities with relative ulnar shortening, wrist joint deviation, and varus bowing. Surgical ulnar lengthening is necessary to restore the carpal balance. CASE REPORT We report the case of multiple exostosis in a 13-year-old male with the right distal ulna osteochondroma with long-standing and progressive ulnar shortening and radial bowing treated with a limb reconstruction system. Our case is Type I Masada managed with excision of distal ulna osteochondroma and gradual ulnar lengthening without osteotomy of the radius. CONCLUSION Progressive ulna deformity can lead to increasing pain, joint instability, limited motion, and functional decline. For Type I, Masada ulnar lengthening is necessary, but over correction is inadvisable due to possible ulnocarpal impaction syndrome. As significant remodeling effects on the radius were observed, simultaneous radial correction can be delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Yadav
- Department of Orthopaedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,Address of Correspondence: Dr. Amit Kumar Yadav, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. E-mail:
| | - Mangal Parihar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Eknath D. Pawar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar Bansal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar G. S.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhishek Harsoor
- Department of Orthopaedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Fu S, Lei W, Lanlan D, Qi-Ling Y, Liang L, Hanlin Z, Jianguo Z, Yin-Gang Z. Whole Exome Sequencing Identified a Novel IGFBP6 Variant in a Disc Degeneration Pedigree. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:580-585. [PMID: 28829625 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the likely causal mutation that results in disc degeneration in a pedigree with a high incidence of disc degeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS A large pedigree with a high incidence of disc degeneration was recruited for this study. Exome sequencing was completed on four family members with disc degeneration to screen for potential causal gene variants. Detected variants were filtered against the 1000 Genomes Project, the Short Genetic Variations database (dbSNP), and the Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI) in-house database. After removing synonymous variants, Sanger sequencing was used to verify the lack of the candidate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in five healthy subjects of the study family. RESULTS We identified a novel SNP variant, Chr12:g.53494591T>C. c.T430C (p.S144P) in the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 (IGFBP6) gene. This variant was shared by all four affected family members, but not by five unaffected members in the same pedigree. Furthermore, this variant was not detected in 200 unrelated healthy people. CONCLUSIONS The c.T430C (p.S144P) variant of IGFBP6 was identified as the likely causal variant associated with increased risk of familial disc degeneration in the studied pedigree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Fu
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China .,2 Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Wang Lei
- 2 Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | | | - Yuan Qi-Ling
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Liu Liang
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | | | | | - Zhang Yin-Gang
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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Guo X, Lin M, Shi T, Yan W, Chen W. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Newly Identifies Mutations in Exostosin-1 and Exostosin-2 Genes of Patients with Multiple Osteochondromas. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2017; 242:173-181. [PMID: 28690282 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.242.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple osteochondromas (MO) is one of the most common benign bone tumors in humans with an autosomal dominant hereditary mode. MO is a genetic heterogeneity disease with variable number and size of osteochondromas, as well as changeable number and location of diseased bones. Mutations in Exostosin-1/Exostosin-2 (EXT1/EXT2) genes are the main molecular basis of MO. EXT1 and EXT2 genes encode exostosin 1 and exostosin 2, respectively, both of which are transmembrane glycosyltransferases that elongate the chains of heparin sulfate (HS) at HS proteoglycans (HSPGs). HSPGs are considered to be involved in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. Owing to large size of EXT1/EXT2 genes and lack of mutation hotspots, molecular diagnosis of MO is challenging. Here, we applied targeted next-generation sequencing (t-NGS) in mutation screening of EXT1/EXT2 genes for 10 MO patients. The results were compared and validated with Sanger sequencing. Overall, nine mutations identified by t-NGS were confirmed with Sanger sequencing, excluding two variants of false positive, suggesting the reliability of mutation screening by t-NGS. The nine mutations identified by t-NGS include two missense mutations (EXT1: c.1088G>A and c.2120C>T), one splicing mutation (EXT2: c.744-1G>T), and six nonsense mutations (EXT1: c.351C>G, c.1121G>A, and c.1843_1846dup; EXT2: c.67C>T, c.561delG, and c.575T>A). In summary, our paper provides the primary data of the application of t-NGS in MO molecular diagnosis, including six newly identified mutations (EXT1: c.1843_1846dup, c.1088G>A, c.351C>G, and c.2120C>T and EXT2: c.744-1G>T and c.575T>A), which further enrich the mutation database of MO from the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Fuzhou Affiliated to Xiamen University
| | - Mingrui Lin
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian Traditional Medical University
| | - Tengfei Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Fuzhou Affiliated to Xiamen University
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Bone Tumors, The Second Hospital of Fuzhou Affiliated to Xiamen University
| | - Wenxu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Fuzhou Affiliated to Xiamen University
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Manzoor H, Bukhari I, Wajid M, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Brüggemann N, Klein C, Shi Q, Naz S. A Novel APTX Variant and Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia Type 1. J Clin Neurol 2017; 13:303-305. [PMID: 28516743 PMCID: PMC5532331 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2017.13.3.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Humera Manzoor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ihtisham Bukhari
- USTC-Shenyang Jinghua Hospital Joint Center of Human Reproduction and Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | | | - Yuanwei Zhang
- USTC-Shenyang Jinghua Hospital Joint Center of Human Reproduction and Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- USTC-Shenyang Jinghua Hospital Joint Center of Human Reproduction and Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | | | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Qinghua Shi
- USTC-Shenyang Jinghua Hospital Joint Center of Human Reproduction and Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China.
| | - Sadaf Naz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Hong G, Guo X, Yan W, Li Q, Zhao H, Ma P, Hu X. Identification of a novel mutation in the EXT1 gene from a patient with multiple osteochondromas by exome sequencing. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:657-664. [PMID: 28035357 PMCID: PMC5364847 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple osteochondromas (MO) is an autosomal skeletal disease with an elusive molecular mechanism. To further elucidate the genetic mechanism of the disease a three-generation Chinese family with MO was observed and researched, and a novel frameshift mutation (c.335_336insA) in the exotosin 1 (EXT1) gene of one patient with MO was observed through exome sequencing. This was further validated by Sanger sequencing and comparison with 200 unrelated healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry and multiple sequence alignment were performed to determine the pathogenicity of the candidate mutation. Multiple sequence alignment suggested that codon 335 and 336 in the EXT1 gene were highly conserved regions in vertebrates. Immunohistochemistry revealed that EXT1 protein expression levels were decreased in a patient with MO and this mutation compared with a patient with MO who had no EXT1 mutation. Owing to the appearance of c.335_336insA in exon 1 of EXT1, a premature stop codon was introduced, resulting in truncated EXT1. As a result integrated and functional EXT1 was reduced. EXT1 is involved in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate (HS), an essential molecule, and its dysfunction may lead to MO. The novel mutation of c.335_336insA in the EXT1 gene reported in the present study has enlarged the causal mutation spectrum of MO, and may assist genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of MO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fuzhou Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Bone Tumors, The Fuzhou Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Ping Ma
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Shenzhen Huada Gene Research Institute, Shenzhen, Fujian 518083, P.R. China
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8
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Daakour S, Hajingabo LJ, Kerselidou D, Devresse A, Kettmann R, Simonis N, Dequiedt F, Twizere JC. Systematic interactome mapping of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cancer gene products reveals EXT-1 tumor suppressor as a Notch1 and FBWX7 common interactor. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:335. [PMID: 27229929 PMCID: PMC4882867 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perturbed genotypes in cancer can now be identified by whole genome sequencing of large number of diverse tumor samples, and observed gene mutations can be used for prognosis and classification of cancer subtypes. Although mutations in a few causative genes are directly linked to key signaling pathways perturbation, a global understanding of how known cancer genes drive oncogenesis in human is difficult to assess. METHODS We collected available information about mutated genes in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Validated human protein interactions (PPI) were collected from IntAct, HPRD and BioGRID interactomics databases, or obtained using yeast two-hybrid screening assay. RESULTS We have mapped interconnections between 116 cancer census gene products associated with ALL. Combining protein-protein interactions data and cancer-specific gene mutations information, we observed that 63 ALL-gene products are interconnected and identified 37 human proteins interacting with at least 2 ALL-gene products. We highlighted exclusive and coexistence genetic alterations in key signaling pathways including the PI3K/AKT and the NOTCH pathways. We then used different cell lines and reporter assay systems to validate the involvement of EXT1 in the Notch pathway. CONCLUSION We propose that novel ALL-gene candidates can be identified based on their functional association with well-known cancer genes. We identified EXT1, a gene not previously linked to ALL via mutations, as a common interactor of NOTCH1 and FBXW7 regulating the NOTCH pathway in an FBXW7-dependend manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Daakour
- Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, Molecular Biology in Diseases Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Leon Juvenal Hajingabo
- Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, Molecular Biology in Diseases Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Bioinformatique des Génomes et des Réseaux (BiGRe), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, B-1050, Belgium
| | - Despoina Kerselidou
- Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, Molecular Biology in Diseases Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Aurelie Devresse
- Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, Molecular Biology in Diseases Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Richard Kettmann
- Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, Molecular Biology in Diseases Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Simonis
- Laboratoire de Bioinformatique des Génomes et des Réseaux (BiGRe), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, B-1050, Belgium
| | - Franck Dequiedt
- Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, Molecular Biology in Diseases Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Twizere
- Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, Molecular Biology in Diseases Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium.
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Aerts BRJ, van Heeswijk EJM, Beumer A. Reconstruction of the DRUJ in a young adult after resection of a large exostosis of the distal radius. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2015; 10:123-7. [PMID: 25877933 PMCID: PMC4570885 DOI: 10.1007/s11751-015-0224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of known solitary exostosis is around 1–2 % in the general population. Treatment of an exostosis may consist of resection with or without further treatment for deformity. The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) acts as the link between radius and ulna at the wrist and is important in the transmission of load. Its anatomic integrity should be respected in surgical procedures or ulnar-sided wrist pain because of instability, limitation of forearm rotation and potential development of grip weakness may develop. We present a case of reconstruction of the DRUJ with distraction lengthening of the ulna after resection of a large exostosis of the distal radius that had resulted in a malformed and dysplastic ulna. This treatment in a young patient resulted in a stable, functional and congruent distal radioulnar joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas R J Aerts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Upper Limb Unit, Amphia Hospital, Molengracht 21, 4818 CK, Breda, The Netherlands.
| | - E J M van Heeswijk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Upper Limb Unit, Amphia Hospital, Molengracht 21, 4818 CK, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Annechien Beumer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Upper Limb Unit, Amphia Hospital, Molengracht 21, 4818 CK, Breda, The Netherlands
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Liu H, Wu S, Duan L, Zhu W, Zhang S, Hu X, Jia W, Yang G, Liu C, Li W, Yang L, Guo L, Lin Y, Wang Y, He M, Yang Z, He Y, Cai Z, Wang D. Identification of a novel EXT1 mutation in patients with hereditary multiple exostosis by exome sequencing. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:547-52. [PMID: 25421355 PMCID: PMC4306274 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary multiple exostosis (HME) is an autosomal inherited skeletal disease whose etiology is not fully understood. To further understand the genetic spectrum of the disease, we analyzed a five-generation Chinese family with HME that have observable inheritance. Exome sequencing was performed on three HME individuals and three unaffected individuals from the family. A downstream study confirmed a new C deletion at codon 442 on exon 5 of the exostosin-1 (EXT1) gene as the only pathogenic site which generated a stop codon and caused the truncation of the protein. We rediscovered the deletion in other affected individuals but not in the unaffected individuals from the family. Upon immunohistochemistry assay, we found that the EXT1 protein level of the patients with the novel mutation in our study was less than the level in the patients without the EXT1 mutation from another unrelated family. For a deeper understanding, we analyzed the mutation spectrum of the EXT1 gene. The present study should facilitate a further understanding of HME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Liu
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Song Wu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Li Duan
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Shiquan Zhang
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Jia
- BGI Tech Solutions Co., Ltd., Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen 518083, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Yang
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Li
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Guo
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Youcheng Lin
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Meijian He
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Yingying He
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Daping Wang
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
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11
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Guo XL, Deng Y, Liu HG. Clinical characteristics of hereditary multiple exostoses: a retrospective study of mainland chinese cases in recent 23 years. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:42-50. [PMID: 24496678 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) are an autosomal dominant skeletal disease with wide variations in clinical manifestations among different ethnic groups. This study investigated the epidemiology, clinical presentations, pathogenetic features and treatment strategies of HME in mainland China. We searched and reviewed the related cases published since 1990 by searching electronic databases, namely SinoMed database, Wanfang database, CNKI, Web of Science and PubMed as well as Google search engines. A total of 1051 cases of HME (male-to-female ratio 1.5:1) were investigated and the diagnosis was made in 83% before the age of 10 years. Approximately 96% patients had a family history. Long bones, ribs, scapula and pelvis were the frequently affected sites. Most patients were asymptomatic with multiple palpable masses. Common complications included angular deformities, impingement on neighbouring tissues and impaired articular function. Chondrosarcomas transformation occurred in 2% Chinese cases. Among the cases examined, about 18% had mutations in EXT1 and 28% in EXT2. Frameshift, nonsense and missense mutations represented the majority of HME-causing mutations. Diagnosis of HME was made based on the clinical presentations and radiological documentations. Most patients needed no treatment. Surgical treatment was often directed to remove symptomatic exostoses, particularly those of suspected malignancy degeneration, and correction of skeletal deformities. This study shows some variance from current literature regarding other ethnic populations and may provide valuable baseline assessment of the natural history of HME in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of the Ministry of Health, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of the Ministry of Health, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui-Guo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of the Ministry of Health, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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