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Guo Y, Alvigini L, Saifuddin M, Ashley B, Trajkovic M, Alonso-Cotchico L, Mattevi A, Fraaije MW. One-Pot Biocatalytic Synthesis of rac-Syringaresinol from a Lignin-Derived Phenol. ACS Catal 2023; 13:14639-14649. [PMID: 38026814 PMCID: PMC10660655 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The drive for a circular bioeconomy has resulted in a great demand for renewable, biobased chemicals. We present a one-pot biocatalytic cascade reaction for the production of racemic syringaresinol, a lignan with applications as a nutraceutical and in polymer chemistry. The process consumes dihydrosinapyl alcohol, which can be produced renewably from the lignocellulosic material. To achieve this, a variant of eugenol oxidase was engineered for the oxidation of dihydrosinapyl alcohol into sinapyl alcohol with good conversion and chemoselectivity. The crystal structure of the engineered oxidase revealed the molecular basis of the influence of the mutations on the chemoselectivity of the oxidation of dihydrosinapyl alcohol. By using horseradish peroxidase, the subsequent oxidative dimerization of sinapyl alcohol into syringaresinol was achieved. Conditions for the one-pot, two-enzyme synthesis were optimized, and a high yield of syringaresinol was achieved by cascading the oxidase and peroxidase steps in a stepwise fashion. This study demonstrates the efficient production of syringaresinol from a compound that can be renewed by reductive catalytic fractionation of lignocellulose, providing a biocatalytic route for generating a valuable compound from lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Guo
- Molecular
Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG 9747, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Alvigini
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Mohammad Saifuddin
- Molecular
Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG 9747, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Ashley
- Molecular
Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG 9747, The Netherlands
| | - Milos Trajkovic
- Molecular
Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG 9747, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Marco W. Fraaije
- Molecular
Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG 9747, The Netherlands
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Guo Y, Alvigini L, Trajkovic M, Alonso-Cotchico L, Monza E, Savino S, Marić I, Mattevi A, Fraaije MW. Structure- and computational-aided engineering of an oxidase to produce isoeugenol from a lignin-derived compound. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7195. [PMID: 36418310 PMCID: PMC9684555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Various 4-alkylphenols can be easily obtained through reductive catalytic fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass. Selective dehydrogenation of 4-n-propylguaiacol results in the formation of isoeugenol, a valuable flavor and fragrance molecule and versatile precursor compound. Here we present the engineering of a bacterial eugenol oxidase to catalyze this reaction. Five mutations, identified from computational predictions, are first introduced to render the enzyme more thermostable. Other mutations are then added and analyzed to enhance chemoselectivity and activity. Structural insight demonstrates that the slow catalytic activity of an otherwise promising enzyme variant is due the formation of a slowly-decaying covalent substrate-flavin cofactor adduct that can be remedied by targeted residue changes. The final engineered variant comprises eight mutations, is thermostable, displays good activity and acts as a highly chemoselective 4-n-propylguaiacol oxidase. We lastly use our engineered biocatalyst in an illustrative preparative reaction at gram-scale. Our findings show that a natural enzyme can be redesigned into a tailored biocatalyst capable of valorizing lignin-based monophenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Guo
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Alvigini
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Milos Trajkovic
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Simone Savino
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ivana Marić
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco W. Fraaije
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Zhang X, Xu X, Yao X, Wang R, Tang H, Ju X, Li L. Exploring Multifunctional Residues of Ribose-5-phosphate Isomerase B from Ochrobactrum sp. CSL1 Enhancing Isomerization of d-Allose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3539-3547. [PMID: 32100533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase B is of great importance for biocatalysis and biosynthesis, but the multifunctional residues in active sites hinder the research efforts. This study employed rational design strategies to locate the key residues of RpiB from Ochrobactrum sp. CSL1 (OsRpiB). A single-mutant S9T of a noncontact residue showed 80% activity improvement toward d-allose. A double-mutant S98H/S134H further increased the activity to 3.6-fold. The mutations were analyzed by kinetics and molecular dynamics analyses, indicating that S9T might enhance the substrate binding and catalysis by inducing a steric effect, and S98H/S134H could strengthen both ring opening and binding of d-allose. Though S98H/S134H showed low temperature stability, its potential was explored by isomerizing d-allose to d-psicose with higher conversion and in less reaction time. The findings of this study were beneficial for illustrating the complex functions of key residues in RpiBs and applying OsRpiB in preparing rare sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Biology, and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P.R. China
| | - Xinqi Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Yao
- School of Chemistry, Biology, and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Chemistry, Biology, and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P.R. China
| | - Hengtao Tang
- School of Chemistry, Biology, and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ju
- School of Chemistry, Biology, and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P.R. China
| | - Liangzhi Li
- School of Chemistry, Biology, and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P.R. China
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Buchholz PCF, Ferrario V, Pohl M, Gardossi L, Pleiss J. Navigating within thiamine diphosphate-dependent decarboxylases: Sequences, structures, functional positions, and binding sites. Proteins 2019; 87:774-785. [PMID: 31070804 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine diphosphate-dependent decarboxylases catalyze both cleavage and formation of CC bonds in various reactions, which have been assigned to different homologous sequence families. This work compares 53 ThDP-dependent decarboxylases with known crystal structures. Both sequence and structural information were analyzed synergistically and data were analyzed for global and local properties by means of statistical approaches (principle component analysis and principal coordinate analysis) enabling complexity reduction. The different results obtained both locally and globally, that is, individual positions compared with the overall protein sequence or structure, revealed challenges in the assignment of separated homologous families. The methods applied herein support the comparison of enzyme families and the identification of functionally relevant positions. The findings for the family of ThDP-dependent decarboxylases underline that global sequence identity alone is not sufficient to distinguish enzyme function. Instead, local sequence similarity, defined by comparisons of structurally equivalent positions, allows for a better navigation within several groups of homologous enzymes. The differentiation between homologous sequences is further enhanced by taking structural information into account, such as BioGPS analysis of the active site properties or pairwise structural superimpositions. The methods applied herein are expected to be transferrable to other enzyme families, to facilitate family assignments for homologous protein sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C F Buchholz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Valerio Ferrario
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Laboratory of Applied and Computational Biocatalysis, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina Pohl
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lucia Gardossi
- Laboratory of Applied and Computational Biocatalysis, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jürgen Pleiss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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