The -160C>a polymorphism in E-cadherin is associated with the risk of nephrolithiasis

Analysis of E-cadherin (CDH1) Gene Polymorphism and Its Association with Cervical Cancer Risk in Bangladeshi Women

BACKGROUND

E-cadherin (CDH1), a tumor suppressor gene, encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein that helps in maintaining squamous epithelium integrity of the cervix. We aimed to investigate the association between -160C/A genetic polymorphism in CDH1 and the risk of cervical cancer in Bangladeshi females.

METHOD

The present case-control study included 117 cervical cancer cases and 147 age-matched controls. The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and genotyped by using PCR-RFLP analysis.

RESULTS

Genotyping results demonstrated that the occurrences of normal homozygous (-160C/C), heterozygous (-160C/A) and variant homozygous (-160A/A) genotypes were 64.10, 27.35 and 8.55% in cases, and 77.55, 19.73 and 2.72% in controls, respectively. Compared to normal C/C genotype, variant A/A and combined (C/A+A/A) or 'any A' genotypes exhibited 3.80-fold (95% CI=1.150-12.561, P=0.029) and 1.93-fold (95% CI=1.126-3.323, P=0.017) increased risk of cervical cancer development. The -160C allele was found to be positively linked to cervical cancer incidence and raised the risk by 1.81-fold (OR= 1.814, 95% CI=1.152-2.857, p=0.01). Moreover, women carrying -160A/A variant homozygosity along with an early marital history (<18 years) were more susceptible to cervical cancer development (χ2 =6.605, p=0.037).

CONCLUSION

The study suggests that the (A/A) and combined (C/A +A/A) genotypes are associated with greater risk of cervical cancer in Bangladeshi women.

E-cadherin gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to urolithiasis in Iraqi children

AIM

This case/control study aimed to assess the impact of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of CDH1 gene (-160C>A and -347G>GA) on urinary stone formation in a sample of Iraqi children.

METHODS

Forty-seven children with urolithiasis and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included in the study. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and direct sequencing was used for genotyping.

RESULTS

The homozygous genotype of the SNP CHD1 -160C>A was more frequent in control than cases (18% vs. 6.38%) with significant difference (OR = 0.229, 95%CI = 0.056-0.943, P = 0.041). Furthermore, cases showed significantly less frequency of the mutant allele (allele A) of this SNP (OR = 0.403, 95%C = 0.210-0.776, P = 0.007).

CONCLUSION

These results strongly indicate a protective role of allele A of the SNP CHD1 -160C>A against urinary calculi formation in children.

The -160 (C>A) CDH1 Gene Promoter Polymorphism and Its Relationship with Survival of Patients with Gastric Cancer in Kurdistan

Introduction:

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common type of neoplasm and the second cause of malignancy-related death across much of the world. Complex multi-factorial processes are involved in its genesis, classified in two determinant clusters: non-genetic and genetic. Variation in CDH1 gene expression may play an important role in increasing risk of diffuse and intestinal subtypes of GC. This tumor suppressor gene, located on chromosome 16q22.1, encodes a trans membrane glycoprotein called epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin).

Materials and Methods:

In this historical cohort study, from June 2004 to Journey 2005 we collected 50 samples from Kurdish patients with stage II pathologically diagnosed gastric cancer that underwent surgery. Tumor tissues were paraffin-embedded along with 54 control samples from non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) cases undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Three biopsies were captured by endoscopy from each individual’s gastric antrum.

Result:

The mean age of the patients was 59.5±2 years. Some 23 cases (53.4%) had the CC genotype, 19 AC and 1 AA. H.pylori infection was noted in 30 patients (69%). Survival rates of gastric cancer patients were 90.7% in the first year, 39.5% in the second year and 6.9% in the third year. Female patients had higher survival rates (P=0.004).

Conclusion:

In this study we found that frequencies of -160(C>A) CDH1 genotypes were not comparable in H.pylori-infected and H.pylori-uninfected subjects in both case and control groups. These findings suggest that -160 (C>A) CDH1 polymorphism is not related with H.pylori infection susceptibility. In addition we found no significant relationship between the CDH1 -160(C/A) promoter polymorphism with predisposition to gastric cancer.

Might E-cadherin promoter polymorphisms of rs16260 and rs5030625 associate with the risk of nephrolithiasis?

Purpose

To study whether −160 C > A (rs16260) and −347 G > GA (rs5030625) single nucleotide polymorphisms of the regulatory region (rSNPs) of CDH1 gene modulate the risk of nephrolithiasis.

Methods

Genomic DNA of 101 patients with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis and 114 healthy controls were screened for both polymorphisms, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragments length polymorphism method (PCR-RLFP). Haplotype frequencies were also analyzed. To determine the association of rSNPs of CDH1 gene with the clinicopathological features of nephrolithiasis, nearly all possible etiological factors were documented. These factors were family history, gender, age, body mass index, liquid consumption, eating habits, tea–coffee and meat (oxalate rich) consumption, adequate physical activity, and all serum and urine levels—the serum levels of Na, K, Cl, phosphate, Ca, Mg, uric acid, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) as well as 24 h urine excretions of creatinine, Na, K, Cl, phosphate, Ca, Mg, citrate, oxalate, uric acid, albumin and BUN.

Results

Significant differences were found between rs16260 and the risk of nephrolithiasis. Patients having CA genotype of rs16260 CDH1 polymorphism were associated with an almost trifold increased risk for developing kidney stone than those with the AA genotype (95 % CI 1.08–7.28, OR 2.8, P = 0.033). We also found that non-A allele carriers (CC) had significantly higher nephrolithiasis risk associated with the clinicopathological characteristics including serum calcium (P = 0.027) and 24 h urinary magnesium level (P = 0.042). Moreover, we did find a directly proportional relationship between the CA genotype and serum calcium levels (P = 0.041). There was no significant difference between patients and controls in terms of the distribution of rs5030625 genotypes and alleles (P > 0.05). Likewise, no associations between the rs16260 and rs5030625 haplotypes and susceptibility to kidney stone were observed (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Regulatory variants of rs16260 of the CDH1 gene may confer susceptibility to nephrolithiasis. This may have important implications for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease and suggesting novel targets for drug treatment.

Regulatory Variants and Disease: The E-Cadherin -160C/A SNP as an Example

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) occurring in noncoding sequences have largely been ignored in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Yet, amounting evidence suggests that many noncoding SNPs especially those that are in the vicinity of protein coding genes play important roles in shaping chromatin structure and regulate gene expression and, as such, are implicated in a wide variety of diseases. One of such regulatory SNPs (rSNPs) is the E-cadherin (CDH1) promoter -160C/A SNP (rs16260) which is known to affect E-cadherin promoter transcription by displacing transcription factor binding and has been extensively scrutinized for its association with several diseases especially malignancies. Findings from studying this SNP highlight important clinical relevance of rSNPs and justify their inclusion in future GWAS to identify novel disease causing SNPs.