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Wu H, Fan Y, Zhang M. Advanced Progress in the Role of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in the Application of Central Nervous System Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2637. [PMID: 38004615 PMCID: PMC10674952 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ADMSCs) are recognized as a highly promising material for stem cell therapy due to their accessibility and safety. Given the frequently irreversible damage to neural cells associated with CNS disorders, ADMSC-related therapy, which primarily encompasses ADMSC transplantation and injection with exosomes derived from ADMSCs or secretome, has the capability to inhibit inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis, promote neural regeneration, as well as modulate immune responses, holding potential as a comprehensive approach to treat CNS disorders and improve prognosis. Empirical evidence from both experiments and clinical trials convincingly demonstrates the satisfactory safety and efficacy of ADMSC-related therapies. This review provides a systematic summary of the role of ADMSCs in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders and explores their therapeutic potential for clinical application. ADMSC-related therapy offers a promising avenue to mitigate damage and enhance neurological function in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, further research is necessary to establish the safety and efficacy of clinical ADMSC-based therapy, optimize targeting accuracy, and refine delivery approaches for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yishu Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Zeng X, Bian W, Liu Z, Li J, Ren S, Zhang J, Zhang H, Tegeleqi B, He G, Guan M, Gao Z, Huang C, Liu J. Muscle-derived stem cell exosomes with overexpressed miR-214 promote the regeneration and repair of rat sciatic nerve after crush injury to activate the JAK2/STAT3 pathway by targeting PTEN. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1146329. [PMID: 37305554 PMCID: PMC10250677 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1146329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the effect of muscle-derived stem cell (MDSC) exosomes with overexpressed miR-214 on the regeneration and repair of rat sciatic nerve after crush injury and its molecular mechanism. Methods First, primary MDSCs, Schwann cells (SCs) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were isolated and cultured, and the characteristics of MDSCs-derived exosomes were identified by molecular biology and immunohistochemistry. NC mimics and miR-214 mimics were transfected to obtain exo-NC and exo-miR-214. An in vitro co-culture system was established to determine the effect of exo-miR-214 on nerve regeneration. The restoration of sciatic nerve function of rats by exo-miR-214 was evaluated by walking track analysis. Immunofluorescence for NF and S100 was used to detect the regeneration of axon and myelin sheath in injured nerve. The Starbase database was used to analyze the downstream target genes of miR-214. QRT-PCR and dual luciferase reporter assays were used to validate the miR-214 and PTEN interaction relationship. And the expression of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway-related proteins in sciatic nerve tissues were detected by western blot. Results The above experiments showed that MDSCs-derived exosomes with overexpressed miR-214 was found to promote the proliferation and migration of SCs, increase the expression of neurotrophic factors, promote axon extension of DRG neurons and positively affect the recovery of nerve structure and function. In addition, PTEN was a target gene of miR-214. Exo-miR-214 can significantly inhibit the expression level of PTEN, increase the protein expression levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 and the ratio of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3, also MDSCs-derived exosomes with overexpressed miR-214 can reduce the occurrence of denervated muscle atrophy. Conclusion In summary, the MDSCs-derived exosomes with overexpressed miR-214 is involved in peripheral nerve regeneration and repair in rats after sciatic nerve crush injury to activate the JAK2/ STAT3 pathway by targeting PTEN.
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Moss LD, Sode D, Patel R, Lui A, Hudson C, Patel NA, Bickford PC. Intranasal delivery of exosomes from human adipose derived stem cells at forty-eight hours post injury reduces motor and cognitive impairments following traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105173. [PMID: 34453976 PMCID: PMC8511339 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The neuroprotective role of human adipose-derived stems cells (hASCs) has raised great interest in regenerative medicine due to their ability to modulate their surrounding environment. Our group has demonstrated that exosomes derived from hASC (hASCexo) are a cell-free regenerative approach to long term recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previously, we demonstrated the efficacy of exosome treatment with intravenous delivery at 3 h post TBI in rats. Here, we show efficacy of exosomes through intranasal delivery at 48 h post TBI in mice lengthening the therapeutic window of treatment and therefore increasing possible translation to clinical studies. Our findings demonstrate significant recovery of motor impairment assessed by an elevated body swing test in mice treated with exosomes containing MALAT1 compared to both TBI mice without exosomes and exosomes depleted of MALAT1. Significant cognitive improvement was seen in the reversal trial of 8 arm radial arm water maze in mice treated with exosomes containing MALAT1. Furthermore, cortical damage was significantly reduced in mice treated with exosomes containing MALAT1 as well as decreased MHCII+ staining of microglial cells. Mice without exosomes or treated with exosomes depleted of MALAT1 did not show similar recovery. Results demonstrate both inflammation related genes and NRTK3 (TrkC) are target genes modulated by hASC exosomes and further that MALAT1 in hASC exosomes regulates expression of full length TrkC thereby activating the MAPK pathway and promoting recovery. Exosomes are a promising therapeutic approach following TBI with a therapeutic window of at least 48 h and contain long noncoding RNA's, specifically MALAT1 that play a vital role in the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D Moss
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Derek Sode
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rekha Patel
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ashley Lui
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Charles Hudson
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Niketa A Patel
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Paula C Bickford
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA; James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, Tampa, FL, USA.
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The Efficacy of Schwann-Like Differentiated Muscle-Derived Stem Cells in Treating Rodent Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Injury. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 148:787-798. [PMID: 34550935 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a pressing need to identify alternative mesenchymal stem cell sources for Schwann cell cellular replacement therapy, to improve peripheral nerve regeneration. This study assessed the efficacy of Schwann cell-like cells (induced muscle-derived stem cells) differentiated from muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) in augmenting nerve regeneration and improving muscle function after nerve trauma. METHODS The Schwann cell-like nature of induced MDSCs was characterized in vitro using immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, microarray, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. In vivo, four groups (n = 5 per group) of rats with median nerve injuries were examined: group 1 animals were treated with intraneural phosphate-buffered saline after cold and crush axonotmesis (negative control); group 2 animals were no-injury controls; group 3 animals were treated with intraneural green fluorescent protein-positive MDSCs; and group 4 animals were treated with green fluorescent protein-positive induced MDSCs. All animals underwent weekly upper extremity functional testing. Rats were euthanized 5 weeks after treatment. The median nerve and extrinsic finger flexors were harvested for nerve histomorphometry, myelination, muscle weight, and atrophy analyses. RESULTS In vitro, induced MDSCs recapitulated native Schwann cell gene expression patterns and up-regulated pathways involved in neuronal growth/signaling. In vivo, green fluorescent protein-positive induced MDSCs remained stably transformed 5 weeks after injection. Induced MDSC therapy decreased muscle atrophy after median nerve injury (p = 0.0143). Induced MDSC- and MDSC-treated animals demonstrated greater functional muscle recovery when compared to untreated controls (hand grip after induced MDSC treatment: group 1, 0.91 N; group 4, 3.38 N); p < 0.0001) at 5 weeks after treatment. This may demonstrate the potential beneficial effects of MDSC therapy, regardless of differentiation stage. CONCLUSION Both MDSCs and induced MDSCs decrease denervation muscle atrophy and improve subsequent functional outcomes after upper extremity nerve trauma in rodents.
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Min SK, Kim M, Park JB. Insulin-like growth factor 2-enhanced osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids by regulation of Runx2 and Col1 expression. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:383. [PMID: 33680105 PMCID: PMC7918416 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is a growth factor that is involved in various functions of cells, including stem cells. The effects of IGF-2 on the cellular viability and osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids were investigated in the present study. Stem cell spheroids were formed using concave microwells in the presence of IGF-2 at final concentrations of 0, 10 and 100 ng/ml. Cellular viability was measured qualitatively using a microscope and quantitatively using an assay kit based on water-soluble tetrazolium salt. The level of alkaline phosphatase activity, and an anthraquinone dye assay for calcium deposit evaluation, were used to assess osteogenic differentiation. A quantitative PCR analysis was conducted to evaluate the expression of Runx2 and Col1. Spheroid formation was noticed on day 1 in the microwells, and the spheroidal shape was maintained up to day 7. The cell viability assay values for IGF-2 at 0, 10 and 100 ng/ml at day 1 were 0.193±0.002, 0.191±0.002 and 0.201±0.006, respectively (P>0.05). The absorbance values at 405 nm for the alkaline phosphatase activity assays on day 21 were 0.221±0.006, 0.375±0.010 and 0.280±0.015 for IGF-2 at 0, 10 and 100 ng/ml, respectively. There were significantly higher values for IGF-2 in the 10 and 100 ng/ml groups when compared with the control (P<0.05). Significantly higher Alizarin red staining was noted for IGF-2 in the 10 ng/ml group when compared with the unloaded control at day 21 (P<0.05). Quantitative PCR revealed that mRNA levels of Runx2 and Col1 were significantly higher at 100 ng/ml on day 7. Conclusively, the present study demonstrated that the application of IGF-2 increased alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin red staining, and Runx2 and Col1 expression of stem cell spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Kyung Min
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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West-Livingston LN, Park J, Lee SJ, Atala A, Yoo JJ. The Role of the Microenvironment in Controlling the Fate of Bioprinted Stem Cells. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11056-11092. [PMID: 32558555 PMCID: PMC7676498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has made numerous advances in recent years in the arena of fabricating multifunctional, three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs. This can be attributed to novel approaches in the bioprinting of stem cells. There are expansive options in bioprinting technology that have become more refined and specialized over the years, and stem cells address many limitations in cell source, expansion, and development of bioengineered tissue constructs. While bioprinted stem cells present an opportunity to replicate physiological microenvironments with precision, the future of this practice relies heavily on the optimization of the cellular microenvironment. To fabricate tissue constructs that are useful in replicating physiological conditions in laboratory settings, or in preparation for transplantation to a living host, the microenvironment must mimic conditions that allow bioprinted stem cells to proliferate, differentiate, and migrate. The advances of bioprinting stem cells and directing cell fate have the potential to provide feasible and translatable approach to creating complex tissues and organs. This review will examine the methods through which bioprinted stem cells are differentiated into desired cell lineages through biochemical, biological, and biomechanical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N. West-Livingston
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Jihoon Park
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - James J. Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
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Çömez MS, Borazan Y, Özgür T, İşler CT, Cellat M, Güvenç M, Altuğ ME. Effects of Dexamethasone on Bupivacaine-Induced Peripheral Nerve Injection Injury in the Rat Sciatic Model. J INVEST SURG 2020; 34:1339-1347. [PMID: 32781870 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2020.1805053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perineural dexamethasone against intraneural bupivacaine. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were divided into 9 groups with 6 animals in each group; Group 1 (Intraneural saline 600 µL-2ndday), Group 2 (Intraneural saline 600 µL-7th day), Group 3 (Intraneural saline 600 µL + perineural dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg-2nd day), Group 4 (Intraneural saline 600 µL + perineural dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg-7th day), Group 5 (Intraneural bupivacaine 10 mg/kg-2nd day), Group 6 (Intranueral bupivacaine 10 mg/kg-7th day), Group 7 (Intraneural bupivacaine 10 mg/kg + perineurald exam ethasone 0.5 mg/kg-2nd day), Group 8 (Intraneural bupivacaine 10 mg/kg + perineural dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg-7th day), Group 9 (Control group). At the end of the application period, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION It was observed that caspase 3 levels significantly increased in the 5th and 6th groups compared to the 1st and 2nd groups (p < 0.01). However, in the 7th and 8th groups, these levels were similar with 1st and 2nd groups. While a significant decrease in S 100 levels was detected in group 6 (p < 0.05), a significant increase occurred in Group 8 and reached the same levels as Group 2. According to histopathological evaluation, edema, vacuolization and myelin degeneration were significantly increased in groups 5 and 6 (p < 0.05). However, in the 8th group, the mentioned data showed a significant decrease and reached the same levels as group 2. As a result, perineural dexamethasone was found to have protective effects against intraneural bupivacaine induced sciatic nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Selim Çömez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Tayfur Ata Sökmen Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Yakup Borazan
- Department of Anhestesiology and Reanimation, Training and Research Hospital, Adiyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Tümay Özgür
- Department of Pathology, Tayfur Ata Sökmen Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey
| | - Cafer Tayer İşler
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cellat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Güvenç
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Enes Altuğ
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey
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Musavi L, Brandacher G, Hoke A, Darrach H, Lee WPA, Kumar A, Lopez J. Muscle-derived stem cells: important players in peripheral nerve repair. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:1009-1016. [PMID: 30347175 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1539706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cell therapy for peripheral nerve repair is a rapidly evolving field in regenerative medicine. Although most studies to date have investigated stem cells originating from bone marrow or adipose, skeletal muscle has recently been recognized as an abundant and easily accessible source of stem cells. Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) are a diverse population of multipotent cells with pronounced antioxidant and regenerative capacity. Areas covered: The current literature on the various roles MDSCs serve within the micro- and macro-environment of nerve injury. Furthermore, the exciting new research that is establishing MDSC-cellular therapy as an important therapeutic modality to improve peripheral nerve regeneration. Expert opinion: MDSCs are a promising therapeutic agent for the repair of peripheral nerves; MDSCs not only undergo gliogenesis and angiogenesis, but they also orchestrate larger pro-regenerative host responses. However, the isolation, transformation, and in-vivo behavior of MDSCs require further evaluation prior to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Musavi
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , Maryland
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , Maryland
| | - Ahmet Hoke
- b The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland
| | - Halley Darrach
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , Maryland
| | - W P Andrew Lee
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , Maryland
| | - Anand Kumar
- c Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery , Case Western Reserve University, Rainbow Babies Children's Hospital , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Joseph Lopez
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , Maryland
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Luo L, Hu DH, Yin JQ, Xu RX. Molecular Mechanisms of Transdifferentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Neural Cells: Current Status and Perspectives. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:5630802. [PMID: 30302094 PMCID: PMC6158979 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5630802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases can severely compromise both physical and psychological health. Recently, adult mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) based cell transplantation has become a potential therapeutic strategy. However, most studies related to the transdifferentiation of MSCs into neural cells have had disappointing outcomes. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying MSC transdifferentiation is necessary to make adult stem cells more applicable to treating neurological diseases. Several studies have focused on adipose-derived stromal/stem cell (ADSC) transdifferentiation. The purpose of this review is to outline the molecular characterization of ADSCs, to describe the methods for inducing ADSC transdifferentiation, and to examine factors influencing transdifferentiation, including transcription factors, epigenetics, and signaling pathways. Exploring and understanding the mechanisms are a precondition for developing and applying novel cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710032, China
- Stem Cell Research Center, Neurosurgery Institute of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
- Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Da-Hai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710032, China
| | - James Q. Yin
- Stem Cell Research Center, Neurosurgery Institute of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
- Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ru-Xiang Xu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Neurosurgery Institute of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
- Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
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Uz M, Das SR, Ding S, Sakaguchi DS, Claussen JC, Mallapragada SK. Advances in Controlling Differentiation of Adult Stem Cells for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701046. [PMID: 29656561 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adult stems cells, possessing the ability to grow, migrate, proliferate, and transdifferentiate into various specific phenotypes, constitute a great asset for peripheral nerve regeneration. Adult stem cells' ability to undergo transdifferentiation is sensitive to various cell-to-cell interactions and external stimuli involving interactions with physical, mechanical, and chemical cues within their microenvironment. Various studies have employed different techniques for transdifferentiating adult stem cells from distinct sources into specific lineages (e.g., glial cells and neurons). These techniques include chemical and/or electrical induction as well as cell-to-cell interactions via co-culture along with the use of various 3D conduit/scaffold designs. Such scaffolds consist of unique materials that possess controllable physical/mechanical properties mimicking cells' natural extracellular matrix. However, current limitations regarding non-scalable transdifferentiation protocols, fate commitment of transdifferentiated stem cells, and conduit/scaffold design have required new strategies for effective stem cells transdifferentiation and implantation. In this progress report, a comprehensive review of recent advances in the transdifferentiation of adult stem cells via different approaches along with multifunctional conduit/scaffolds designs is presented for peripheral nerve regeneration. Potential cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways associated with differentiation are also included. The discussion with current challenges in the field and an outlook toward future research directions is concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Uz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Suprem R. Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering Ames Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Shaowei Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Donald S. Sakaguchi
- Neuroscience Program Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Jonathan C. Claussen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering Ames Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Surya K. Mallapragada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
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Could stem cells be the future therapy for sepsis? Blood Rev 2016; 30:439-452. [PMID: 27297212 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The severity and threat of sepsis is well known, and despite several decades of research, the mortality continues to be high. Stem cells have great potential to be used in various clinical disorders. The innate ability of stem cells such as pluripotency, self-renewal makes them potential agents for therapeutic intervention. The pathophysiology of sepsis is a plethora of complex mechanisms which include the initial microbial infection, followed by "cytokine storm," endothelial dysfunction, coagulation cascade, and the late phase of apoptosis and immune paralysis which ultimately results in multiple organ dysfunction. Stem cells could potentially alter each step of this complex pathophysiology of sepsis. Multiple organ dysfunction associated with sepsis most often leads to death and stem cells have shown their ability to prevent the organ damage and improve the organ function. The possible mechanisms of therapeutic potential of stem cells in sepsis have been discussed in detail. The route of administration, dose level, and timing also play vital role in the overall effect of stem cells in sepsis.
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Riccardi S, Bergling S, Sigoillot F, Beibel M, Werner A, Leighton-Davies J, Knehr J, Bouwmeester T, Parker CN, Roma G, Kinzel B. MiR-210 promotes sensory hair cell formation in the organ of corti. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:309. [PMID: 27121005 PMCID: PMC4848794 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hearing loss is the most common sensory defect afflicting several hundred million people worldwide. In most cases, regardless of the original cause, hearing loss is related to the degeneration and death of hair cells and their associated spiral ganglion neurons. Despite this knowledge, relatively few studies have reported regeneration of the auditory system. Significant gaps remain in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning auditory function, including the factors required for sensory cell regeneration. Recently, the identification of transcriptional activators and repressors of hair cell fate has been augmented by the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with hearing loss. As miRNAs are central players of differentiation and cell fate, identification of miRNAs and their gene targets may reveal new pathways for hair cell regeneration, thereby providing new avenues for the treatment of hearing loss. Results In order to identify new genetic elements enabling regeneration of inner ear sensory hair cells, next-generation miRNA sequencing (miRSeq) was used to identify the most prominent miRNAs expressed in the mouse embryonic inner ear cell line UB/OC-1 during differentiation towards a hair cell like phenotype. Based on these miRSeq results eight most differentially expressed miRNAs were selected for further characterization. In UB/OC-1, miR-210 silencing in vitro resulted in hair cell marker expression, whereas ectopic expression of miR-210 resulted in new hair cell formation in cochlear explants. Using a lineage tracing mouse model, transdifferentiation of supporting epithelial cells was identified as the likely mechanism for this new hair cell formation. Potential miR-210 targets were predicted in silico and validated experimentally using a miR-trap approach. Conclusion MiRSeq followed by ex vivo validation revealed miR-210 as a novel factor driving transdifferentiation of supporting epithelial cells to sensory hair cells suggesting that miR-210 might be a potential new factor for hearing loss therapy. In addition, identification of inner ear pathways regulated by miR-210 identified potential new drug targets for the treatment of hearing loss. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2620-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Riccardi
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Bergling
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Sigoillot
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA
| | - Martin Beibel
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annick Werner
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juliet Leighton-Davies
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Judith Knehr
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tewis Bouwmeester
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian N Parker
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Kinzel
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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Liao X, Liao Y, Zou Y, Li G, Liao C. Epigenetic modifications of histone H3 during the transdifferentiation of Thy-1(+) Lin(‑) bone marrow cells into hepatocytes. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7561-7. [PMID: 26459745 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic modifications during the transdifferentiation of adult stem cells remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the histone H3 modifications during the transdifferentiation of rat Thy‑1(+) Lin(‑) bone marrow cells into hepatocytes in vitro were examined, which involved performing hepatocyte growth factor-mediated transdifferentiation of bone marrow Thy-1(+) Lin(‑) cells into hepatic lineage cells. Subsequently, the hepatocyte-specific markers, cytokeratin‑18 (CK‑18), albumin (ALB) and α‑fetoprotein (AFP) were examined by immunofluorescence staining or reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Changes in the key pluripotency factor, octamer‑binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) and histone modifications, including the dimethylation and acetylation of H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me2 and H3K9ac), lysine 14 (H3K14me2 and H3K14ac) and lysine 27 (H3K27me2 and H3K27ac), were also investigated by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining or western blot analysis The mRNA expression levels of AFP and ALB were detected in the bone marrow stem cell‑derived hepatic lineage cells on days 7 and 14 following induction, and CK‑18 was detected on day 14 following induction. During the transdifferentiation of the bone marrow Thy‑1(+) Lin(‑) cells into hepatocytes, the mRNA expression of OCT4 was significantly reduced, and the levels of H3K9me2, H3K9ac, H3K14me2, H3K14ac, H3K27me2 and H3K27ac were increased significantly, compared with the levels at baseline (P<0.05). Therefore, the results of the present study demonstrated that histone H3 modifications at lysine 9, 14 and 27 are involved in the regulation of transcription during the transdifferentiation of bone marrow stem cells to hepatic lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yantai Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Guanhong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Caixian Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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An K, Elkassabany NM, Liu J. Dexamethasone as adjuvant to bupivacaine prolongs the duration of thermal antinociception and prevents bupivacaine-induced rebound hyperalgesia via regional mechanism in a mouse sciatic nerve block model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123459. [PMID: 25856078 PMCID: PMC4391940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dexamethasone has been studied as an effective adjuvant to prolong the analgesia duration of local anesthetics in peripheral nerve block. However, the route of action for dexamethasone and its potential neurotoxicity are still unclear. Methods A mouse sciatic nerve block model was used. The sciatic nerve was injected with 60ul of combinations of various medications, including dexamethasone and/or bupivacaine. Neurobehavioral changes were observed for 2 days prior to injection, and then continuously for up to 7 days after injection. In addition, the sciatic nerves were harvested at either 2 days or 7 days after injection. Toluidine blue dyeing and immunohistochemistry test were performed to study the short-term and long-term histopathological changes of the sciatic nerves. There were six study groups: normal saline control, bupivacaine (10mg/kg) only, dexamethasone (0.5mg/kg) only, bupivacaine (10mg/kg) combined with low-dose (0.14mg/kg) dexamethasone, bupivacaine (10mg/kg) combined with high-dose (0.5mg/kg) dexamethasone, and bupivacaine (10mg/kg) combined with intramuscular dexamethasone (0.5mg/kg). Results High-dose perineural dexamethasone, but not systemic dexamethasone, combined with bupivacaine prolonged the duration of both sensory and motor block of mouse sciatic nerve. There was no significant difference on the onset time of the sciatic nerve block. There was “rebound hyperalgesia” to thermal stimulus after the resolution of plain bupivacaine sciatic nerve block. Interestingly, both low and high dose perineural dexamethasone prevented bupivacaine-induced hyperalgesia. There was an early phase of axon degeneration and Schwann cell response as represented by S-100 expression as well as the percentage of demyelinated axon and nucleus in the plain bupivacaine group compared with the bupivacaine plus dexamethasone groups on post-injection day 2, which resolved on post-injection day 7. Furthermore, we demonstrated that perineural dexamethasone, but not systemic dexamethasone, could prevent axon degeneration and demyelination. There was no significant caspase-dependent apoptosis process in the mouse sciatic nerve among all study groups during our study period. Conclusions Perineural, not systemic, dexamethasone added to a clinical concentration of bupivacaine may not only prolong the duration of sensory and motor blockade of sciatic nerve, but also prevent the bupivacaine-induced reversible neurotoxicity and short-term “rebound hyperalgesia” after the resolution of nerve block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke An
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, The first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Nabil M. Elkassabany
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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