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Bartkowska K, Koguc-Sobolewska P, Djavadian R, Turlejski K. Astrocytes of the Anterior Commissure Regulate the Axon Guidance Pathways of Newly Generated Neocortical Neurons in the Opossum Monodelphis domestica. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1476. [PMID: 38338755 PMCID: PMC10855434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In marsupials, upper-layer cortical neurons derived from the progenitors of the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle (SVZ) mature morphologically and send their axons to form interhemispheric connections through the anterior commissure. In contrast, eutherians have evolved a new extra callosal pathway, the corpus callosum, that interconnects both hemispheres. In this study, we aimed to examine neurogenesis during the formation of cortical upper layers, including their morphological maturation in a marsupial species, namely the opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Furthermore, we studied how the axons of upper layers neurons pass through the anterior commissure of the opossum, which connects neocortical areas. We showed that upper-layer II/III neurons were generated within at least seven days in the opossum neocortex. Surprisingly, these neurons expressed special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2 (Satb2) and neuropilin 1 interacting protein (Nrp1), which are proteins known to be essential for the formation of the corpus callosum in eutherians. This indicates that extrinsic, but not intrinsic, cues could be key players in guiding the axons of newly generated cortical neurons in the opossum. Although oligodendrocyte precursor cells were present in the neocortex and anterior commissure, newly generated upper-layer neurons sent unmyelinated axons to the anterior commissure. We also found numerous GFAP-expressing progenitor cells in both brain structures, the neocortex and the anterior commissure. However, at P12-P17 in the opossums, a small population of astrocytes was observed only in the midline area of the anterior commissure. We postulate that in the opossum, midline astrocytes allow neocortical axons to be guided to cross the midline, as this structure resembles the glial wedge required by fibers to cross the midline area of the corpus callosum in the rodent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bartkowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (K.B.); (P.K.-S.); (R.D.)
| | - Paulina Koguc-Sobolewska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (K.B.); (P.K.-S.); (R.D.)
| | - Ruzanna Djavadian
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (K.B.); (P.K.-S.); (R.D.)
| | - Krzysztof Turlejski
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Baričević Z, Pongrac M, Ivaničić M, Hreščak H, Tomljanović I, Petrović A, Cojoc D, Mladinic M, Ban J. SOX2 and SOX9 Expression in Developing Postnatal Opossum ( Monodelphis domestica) Cortex. Biomolecules 2024; 14:70. [PMID: 38254670 PMCID: PMC10813269 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Central nervous system (CNS) development is characterized by dynamic changes in cell proliferation and differentiation. Key regulators of these transitions are the transcription factors such as SOX2 and SOX9. SOX2 is involved in the maintenance of progenitor cell state and neural stem cell multipotency, while SOX9, expressed in neurogenic niches, plays an important role in neuron/glia switch with predominant expression in astrocytes in the adult brain. (2) Methods: To validate SOX2 and SOX9 expression patterns in developing opossum (Monodelphis domestica) cortex, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the isotropic fractionator method on fixed cortical tissue from comparable postnatal ages, as well as dissociated primary neuronal cultures. (3) Results: Neurons positive for both neuronal (TUJ1 or NeuN) and stem cell (SOX2) markers were identified, and their presence was confirmed with all methods and postnatal age groups (P4-6, P6-18, and P30) analyzed. SOX9 showed exclusive staining in non-neuronal cells, and it was coexpressed with SOX2. (4) Conclusions: The persistence of SOX2 expression in developing cortical neurons of M. domestica during the first postnatal month implies the functional role of SOX2 during neuronal differentiation and maturation, which was not previously reported in opossums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinko Baričević
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Marta Pongrac
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Matea Ivaničić
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Helena Hreščak
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Ivana Tomljanović
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Antonela Petrović
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Dan Cojoc
- CNR-IOM, Materials Foundry, National Research Council of Italy, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Miranda Mladinic
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Jelena Ban
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
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3
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Paolino A, Haines EH, Bailey EJ, Black DA, Moey C, García-Moreno F, Richards LJ, Suárez R, Fenlon LR. Non-uniform temporal scaling of developmental processes in the mammalian cortex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5950. [PMID: 37741828 PMCID: PMC10517946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The time that it takes the brain to develop is highly variable across animals. Although staging systems equate major developmental milestones between mammalian species, it remains unclear how distinct processes of cortical development scale within these timeframes. Here, we compare the timing of cortical development in two mammals of similar size but different developmental pace: eutherian mice and marsupial fat-tailed dunnarts. Our results reveal that the temporal relationship between cell birth and laminar specification aligns to equivalent stages between these species, but that migration and axon extension do not scale uniformly according to the developmental stages, and are relatively more advanced in dunnarts. We identify a lack of basal intermediate progenitor cells in dunnarts that likely contributes in part to this timing difference. These findings demonstrate temporal limitations and differential plasticity of cortical developmental processes between similarly sized Therians and provide insight into subtle temporal changes that may have contributed to the early diversification of the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Paolino
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Haines
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Evan J Bailey
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dylan A Black
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ching Moey
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Fernando García-Moreno
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Scientific Park of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE Foundation, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Linda J Richards
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, St Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Rodrigo Suárez
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Laura R Fenlon
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Baričević Z, Ayar Z, Leitao SM, Mladinic M, Fantner GE, Ban J. Label-Free Long-Term Methods for Live Cell Imaging of Neurons: New Opportunities. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:404. [PMID: 36979616 PMCID: PMC10046152 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Time-lapse light microscopy combined with in vitro neuronal cultures has provided a significant contribution to the field of Developmental Neuroscience. The establishment of the neuronal polarity, i.e., formation of axons and dendrites, key structures responsible for inter-neuronal signaling, was described in 1988 by Dotti, Sullivan and Banker in a milestone paper that continues to be cited 30 years later. In the following decades, numerous fluorescently labeled tags and dyes were developed for live cell imaging, providing tremendous advancements in terms of resolution, acquisition speed and the ability to track specific cell structures. However, long-term recordings with fluorescence-based approaches remain challenging because of light-induced phototoxicity and/or interference of tags with cell physiology (e.g., perturbed cytoskeletal dynamics) resulting in compromised cell viability leading to cell death. Therefore, a label-free approach remains the most desirable method in long-term imaging of living neurons. In this paper we will focus on label-free high-resolution methods that can be successfully used over a prolonged period. We propose novel tools such as scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) or digital holography microscopy (DHM) that could provide new insights into live cell dynamics during neuronal development and regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinko Baričević
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Zahra Ayar
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Instrumentation, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (Z.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Samuel M. Leitao
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Instrumentation, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (Z.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Miranda Mladinic
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Georg E. Fantner
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Instrumentation, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (Z.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Jelena Ban
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.M.)
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5
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Bartkowska K, Tepper B, Turlejski K, Djavadian R. Postnatal and Adult Neurogenesis in Mammals, Including Marsupials. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172735. [PMID: 36078144 PMCID: PMC9455070 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, neurogenesis occurs during both embryonic and postnatal development. In eutherians, most brain structures develop embryonically; conversely, in marsupials, a number of brain structures develop after birth. The exception is the generation of granule cells in the dentate gyrus, olfactory bulb, and cerebellum of eutherian species. The formation of these structures starts during embryogenesis and continues postnatally. In both eutherians and marsupials, neurogenesis continues in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation throughout life. The majority of proliferated cells from the SVZ migrate to the olfactory bulb, whereas, in the dentate gyrus, cells reside within this structure after division and differentiation into neurons. A key aim of this review is to evaluate advances in understanding developmental neurogenesis that occurs postnatally in both marsupials and eutherians, with a particular emphasis on the generation of granule cells during the formation of the olfactory bulb, dentate gyrus, and cerebellum. We debate the significance of immature neurons in the piriform cortex of young mammals. We also synthesize the knowledge of adult neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb and the dentate gyrus of marsupials by considering whether adult-born neurons are essential for the functioning of a given area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bartkowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Tepper
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Turlejski
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ruzanna Djavadian
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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6
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Petrović A, Ban J, Tomljanović I, Pongrac M, Ivaničić M, Mikašinović S, Mladinic M. Establishment of Long-Term Primary Cortical Neuronal Cultures From Neonatal Opossum Monodelphis domestica. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:661492. [PMID: 33815068 PMCID: PMC8012671 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.661492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary dissociated neuronal cultures have become a standard model for studying central nervous system (CNS) development. Such cultures are predominantly prepared from the hippocampus or cortex of rodents (mice and rats), while other mammals are less used. Here, we describe the establishment and extensive characterization of the primary dissociated neuronal cultures derived from the cortex of the gray South American short-tailed opossums, Monodelphis domestica. Opossums are unique in their ability to fully regenerate their CNS after an injury during their early postnatal development. Thus, we used cortex of postnatal day (P) 3-5 opossum to establish long-surviving and nearly pure neuronal cultures, as well as mixed cultures composed of radial glia cells (RGCs) in which their neurogenic and gliogenic potential was confirmed. Both types of cultures can survive for more than 1 month in vitro. We also prepared neuronal cultures from the P16-18 opossum cortex, which were composed of astrocytes and microglia, in addition to neurons. The long-surviving opossum primary dissociated neuronal cultures represent a novel mammalian in vitro platform particularly useful to study CNS development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Miranda Mladinic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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7
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Bartkowska K, Tepper B, Gawda A, Jarosik M, Sobolewska P, Turlejski K, Djavadian RL. Inhibition of TrkB- and TrkC-Signaling Pathways Affects Neurogenesis in the Opossum Developing Neocortex. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:3666-3675. [PMID: 30272136 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the blockage of TrkB and TrkC signaling in primary culture of opossum neocortical cells affects neurogenesis that involves a range of processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Here, we studied whether TrkB and TrkC activity specifically affects various types of progenitor cell populations during neocortex formation in the Monodelphis opossum in vivo. We found that the inhibition of TrkB and TrkC activities affects the same proliferative cellular phenotype, but TrkC causes more pronounced changes in the rate of cell divisions. Additionally, inhibition of TrkB and TrkC does not affect apoptosis in vivo, which was found in cell culture experiments. The lack of TrkB and TrkC receptor activity caused the arrest of newly generated neurons; therefore, they could not penetrate the subplate zone. We suggest that at this time point in development, migration consists of 2 steps. During the initial step, neurons migrate and reach the base of the subplate, whereas during the next step the migration of neurons to their final position is regulated by TrkB or TrkC signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bartkowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Tepper
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Gawda
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Jarosik
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Sobolewska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Turlejski
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Poland
| | - R L Djavadian
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Tepper B, Bartkowska K, Okrasa M, Ngati S, Braszak M, Turlejski K, Djavadian R. Downregulation of TrkC Receptors Increases Dendritic Arborization of Purkinje Cells in the Developing Cerebellum of the Opossum, Monodelphis domestica. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:56. [PMID: 33013328 PMCID: PMC7511753 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In therian mammals, the cerebellum is one of the late developing structures in the brain. Specifically, the proliferation of cerebellar granule cells occurs after birth, and even in humans, the generation of these cells continues during the first year of life. The main difference between marsupials and eutherians is that the majority of the brain structures in marsupials develop after birth. Herein, we report that in the newborn laboratory opossum (Monodelphis domestica), the cerebellar primordium is distinguishable in Nissl-stained sections. Additionally, bromodeoxyuridine birthdating experiments revealed that the first neurons form the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) and Purkinje cells, and are generated within postnatal days (P) 1 and 5. Three weeks after birth, progenitors of granule cells in the external germinal layer (EGL) proliferate, producing granule cells. These progenitor cells persist for a long time, approximately 5 months. Furthermore, to study the effects of neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC) during cerebellar development, cells were obtained from P3 opossums and cultured for 8 days. We found that TrkC downregulation stimulates dendritic branching of Purkinje neurons, which was surprising. The number of dendritic branches was higher in Purkinje cells transfected with the shRNA TrkC plasmid. However, there was no morphological change in the number of dendritic branches of granule cells transfected with either control or shRNA TrkC plasmids. We suggest that inhibition of TrkC activity enables NT3 binding to the neurotrophic receptor p75NTR that promotes dendritic arborization of Purkinje cells. This effect of TrkC receptors on dendritic branching is cell type specific, which could be explained by the strong expression of TrkC in Purkinje cells but not in granule cells. The data indicate a new role for TrkC receptors in Monodelphis opossum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Tepper
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bartkowska
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Okrasa
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sonia Ngati
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Braszak
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Turlejski
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ruzanna Djavadian
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Xiong D, Sheng Y, Ding S, Chen J, Tan X, Zeng T, Qin D, Zhu L, Huang A, Tang H. LINC00052 regulates the expression of NTRK3 by miR-128 and miR-485-3p to strengthen HCC cells invasion and migration. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47593-47608. [PMID: 27351280 PMCID: PMC5216964 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a group of RNAs that are more than 200 nt in length but cannot encode proteins. Accumulating evidences showed that abnormal LncRNA expressions are highly involved in many kinds of tumor. By using gene trap methods which could knockdown gene expression to find important genes, we found one LncRNA which called intergenic non-protein coding RNA 52 (LINC00052) has the ability to inhibit invasion and migration of hepatocarcinoma cells. We found that invasion, migration and proliferation abilities in SMMC7721 cell were inhibited after up-expressing LINC00052. We identified that NTRK3 was the target gene of LINC00052. Down-expression of NTRK3 could increase SMMC7721 cell invasion, migration and proliferation. Meanwhile, we discovered that LINC00052 could regulate NTRK3 expression by forming complementary base pairing with miR-128 and miR-485-3p to reduce the luciferase activity of NTRK3 3′UTR. These results reveal a new mechanism for understanding hepatocarcinoma cells invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanrui Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xixi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Majka P, Chlodzinska N, Turlejski K, Banasik T, Djavadian RL, Węglarz WP, Wójcik DK. A three-dimensional stereotaxic atlas of the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) brain. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:1779-1795. [PMID: 29214509 PMCID: PMC5884921 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) is a small marsupial gaining recognition as a laboratory animal in biomedical research. Despite numerous studies on opossum neuroanatomy, a consistent and comprehensive neuroanatomical reference for this species is still missing. Here we present the first three-dimensional, multimodal atlas of the Monodelphis opossum brain. It is based on four complementary imaging modalities: high resolution ex vivo magnetic resonance images, micro-computed tomography scans of the cranium, images of the face of the cutting block, and series of sections stained with the Nissl method and for myelinated fibers. Individual imaging modalities were reconstructed into a three-dimensional form and then registered to the MR image by means of affine and deformable registration routines. Based on a superimposition of the 3D images, 113 anatomical structures were demarcated and the volumes of individual regions were measured. The stereotaxic coordinate system was defined using a set of cranial landmarks: interaural line, bregma, and lambda, which allows for easy expression of any location within the brain with respect to the skull. The atlas is released under the Creative Commons license and available through various digital atlasing web services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Majka
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Natalia Chlodzinska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Development and Evolution, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Turlejski
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, 1/3 Woycicki Street, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Banasik
- H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics of Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ruzanna L Djavadian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Władysław P Węglarz
- H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics of Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Daniel K Wójcik
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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Barnett GJ, Barnett IJ, Wilson SR, Smith PC. Comparison of 6 Injectable Anesthetic Regimens and Isoflurane in Gray Short-tailed Opossums ( Monodelphis domestica). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2017; 56:544-549. [PMID: 28903826 PMCID: PMC5605179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gray short-tailed opossums are used in a wide variety of research in the areas of developmental biology, oncology, immunology, and comparative biology. Despite many frequent experimental manipulations of these animals under anesthesia, few studies to date have characterized the effects of anesthesia in this species. Our aim was to identify safe and effective injectable anesthetic combinations using ketamine and xylazine or ketamine and dexmedetomidine at doses of 40 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg for ketamine, 5 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg for xylazine, and 0.05 mg/kg to 0.1 mg/kg for dexmedetomidine. Effects of the proposed regimens ranged from light sedation to surgical anesthesia, but only 100 mg/kg ketamine + 0.1 mg/kg dexmedetomidine induced surgical anesthesia in all opossums, with a mean duration of 25.4 min. The 2 lowest doses of ketamine and xylazine (40 mg/kg ketamine + 5 mg/kg xylazine and 40 mg/kg ketamine + 10 mg/kg xylazine) achieved sedation to light anesthesia in all animals but did not produce a surgical plane of anesthesia in any animal. All regimens that induced a surgical plane of anesthesia caused bradycardia and bradypnea, and 75 mg/kg ketamine + 10 mg/kg xylazine and 100 mg/kg ketamine + 0.1 mg/kg dexmedetomidine caused the greatest decreases in SpO2. Except for one opossum that died of unknown causes, all animals remained healthy and apparently free of anesthetic complications. Among all treatments, isoflurane delivered by a precision vaporizer provided the most consistent and reliable anesthesia; therefore, we recommend inhalant anesthesia over the injectable combinations used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace J Barnett
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;,
| | - Ian J Barnett
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven R Wilson
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Peter C Smith
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Huang L, Xian Q, Shen N, Shi L, Qu Y, Zhou L. Congenital absence of corticospinal tract does not severely affect plastic changes of the developing postnatal spinal cord. Neuroscience 2015; 301:338-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bartkowska K, Aniszewska A, Turlejski K, Djavadian RL. Distribution and function of TrkB receptors in the developing brain of the opossum Monodelphis domestica. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 74:707-22. [PMID: 24443161 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The expression, development pattern, spatiotemporal distribution, and function of TrkB receptors were investigated during the postnatal brain development of the opossum. Full-length TrkB receptor expression was detectable in the newborn opossum, whereas three different short forms that are expressed in the adult brain were almost undetectable in the newborn opossum brain. The highest level of full-length TrkB receptor expression was observed at P35, which corresponds to the time of eye opening. We found that in different brain structures, TrkB receptors were localized in various compartments of cells. The hypothalamus was distinguished by the presence of TrkB receptors not only in cell bodies but also in the neuropil. Double immunofluroscent staining for TrkB and a marker for the identification of the cell phenotype in several brain regions such as the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebellum showed that unlike in eutherians, in the opossum, TrkB receptors were predominantly expressed in neurons. A lack of TrkB receptors in glial cells, particularly astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, provides evidence that TrkB receptors can play a functionally different role in marsupials than in eutherians. The effects of TrkB signaling on the development of cortical progenitor cells were examined in vitro using shRNAs. Blockade of the endogenous TrkB receptor expression induced a decrease in the number of progenitor cells proliferation, whereas the number of apoptotic progenitor cells increased. These changes were statistically significant but relatively small. In contrast, TrkB signaling was strongly involved in regulation of the cortical progenitor cell differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bartkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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