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Arapi B, Unal S, Malikova N, Omeroglu SN, Guven M. A cross-sectional study comparing the expression of DNA repair molecules in subjects with and without atherosclerotic plaques. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:953. [PMID: 39230767 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis, serving as the primary pathological mechanism at the core of cardiovascular disease, is now widely acknowledged to be associated with DNA damage and repair, contributing to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Therefore, molecules involved in the DNA repair process may play an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Our research endeavors to explore the contributions of specific and interrelated molecules involved in DNA repair (APE1, BRCA1, ERCC2, miR-221-3p, miR-145-5p, and miR-155-5p) to the development of atherosclerotic plaque and their interactions with each other. METHODS & RESULTS Gene expression study was conducted using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method on samples from carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques and nonatherosclerotic internal mammary arteries obtained from 50 patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease and carotid artery disease. Additionally, 50 healthy controls were included for the determination of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Although no difference was observed in mRNA gene expressions, we noted a decrease in miR-155-5p gene expression (p = 0.003) and an increase in miR-221-3p gene expression (p = 0.015) in plaque samples, while miR-145-5p gene expression remained unchanged (p = 0.57). Regarding serum 8-OHdG levels, patients exhibited significantly higher levels (1111.82 ± 28.64) compared to controls (636.23 ± 24.23) (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In our study demonstrating the role of miR-155-5p and miR-221-3p in atherosclerosis, we propose that these molecules are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for coronary artery diseases and carotid artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berk Arapi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Unal
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medicine Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, 34098, Turkey
| | - Narmina Malikova
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medicine Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, 34098, Turkey
| | - Suat Nail Omeroglu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Guven
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medicine Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, 34098, Turkey.
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Shaw R, Basu M, Karmakar S, Ghosh MK. MGMT in TMZ-based glioma therapy: Multifaceted insights and clinical trial perspectives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119673. [PMID: 38242327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the most preferred and approved chemotherapeutic drug for either first- or second-line chemotherapy for glioma patients across the globe. In glioma patients, resistance to treatment with alkylating drugs like TMZ is known to be conferred by exalted levels of MGMT gene expression. On the contrary, epigenetic silencing through MGMT gene promoter methylation leading to subsequent reduction in MGMT transcription and protein expression, is predicted to have a response favoring TMZ treatment. Thus, MGMT protein level in cancer cells is a crucial determining factor in indicating and predicting the choice of alkylating agents in chemotherapy or choosing glioma patients directly for a second line of treatment. Thus, in-depth research is necessary to achieve insights into MGMT gene regulation that has recently enticed a fascinating interest in epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. Furthermore, MGMT promoter methylation, stability of MGMT protein, and related subsequent adaptive responses are also important contributors to strategic developments in glioma therapy. With applications to its identification as a prognostic biomarker, thus predicting response to advanced glioma therapy, this review aims to concentrate on the mechanistic role and regulation of MGMT gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels functioning under the control of multiple signaling dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Shaw
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24, Paraganas 743372, India
| | - Subhajit Karmakar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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3
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Jegathesan Y, Stephen PP, Sati ISEE, Narayanan P, Monif M, Kamarudin MNA. MicroRNAs in adult high-grade gliomas: Mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance and their clinical relevance. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116277. [PMID: 38377734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Notorious for its high mortality rate, the current standard treatment for high-grade gliomas remains a challenge. This is largely due to the complex heterogeneity of the tumour coupled with dysregulated molecular mechanisms leading to the development of drug resistance. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered to provide important information about the pathogenesis and prognostication of gliomas. miRNAs have been shown to play a specific role in promoting oncogenesis and regulating resistance to anti-glioma therapeutic agents through diverse cellular mechanisms. These include regulation of apoptosis, alterations in drug efflux pathways, enhanced activation of oncogenic signalling pathways, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-like process (EMT-like) and a few others. With this knowledge, upregulation or inhibition of selected miRNAs can be used to directly affect drug resistance in glioma cells. Moreover, the clinical use of miRNAs in glioma management is becoming increasingly valuable. This comprehensive review delves into the role of miRNAs in drug resistance in high-grade gliomas and underscores their clinical significance. Our analysis has identified a distinct cluster of oncogenic miRNAs (miR-9, miR-21, miR-26a, miR-125b, and miR-221/222) and tumour suppressive miRNAs (miR-29, miR-23, miR-34a-5p, miR 181b-5p, miR-16-5p, and miR-20a) that consistently emerge as key players in regulating drug resistance across various studies. These miRNAs have demonstrated significant clinical relevance in the context of resistance to anti-glioma therapies. Additionally, the clinical significance of miRNA analysis is emphasised, including their potential to serve as clinical biomarkers for diagnosing, staging, evaluating prognosis, and assessing treatment response in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugendran Jegathesan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; Taiping Hospital, Jalan Taming Sari, Perak, Taiping 34000, Malaysia
| | - Pashaun Paveen Stephen
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; Coffs Harbour Health Campus, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
| | - Isra Saif Eldin Eisa Sati
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Prakrithi Narayanan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
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4
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Nikolova E, Laleva L, Milev M, Spiriev T, Stoyanov S, Ferdinandov D, Mitev V, Todorova A. miRNAs and related genetic biomarkers according to the WHO glioma classification: From diagnosis to future therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:141-152. [PMID: 38035044 PMCID: PMC10686814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 2021 WHO classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, additional molecular characteristics have been included, defining the following adult-type diffuse glioma entities: Astrocytoma IDH-mutant, Oligodendroglioma IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted, and Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype. Despite advances in genetic analysis, precision oncology, and targeted therapy, malignant adult-type diffuse gliomas remain "hard-to-treat tumors", indicating an urgent need for better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In the last decades, miRNA analysis has been a hotspot for researching and developing diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for various disorders, including brain cancer. Scientific interest has recently been directed towards therapeutic applications of miRNAs, with encouraging results. Databases such as NCBI, PubMed, and Medline were searched for a selection of articles reporting the relationship between deregulated miRNAs and genetic aberrations used in the latest WHO CNS classification. The current review discussed the recommended molecular biomarkers and genetic aberrations based on the 2021 WHO classification in adult-type diffuse gliomas, along with associated deregulated miRNAs. Additionally, the study highlights miRNA-based treatment advancements in adults with gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliya Nikolova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Independent Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory Genome Center Bulgaria, Sofia, 1612, Bulgaria
| | - Lili Laleva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Milko Milev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Toma Spiriev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Stoycho Stoyanov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Dilyan Ferdinandov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Vanyo Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Todorova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Independent Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory Genome Center Bulgaria, Sofia, 1612, Bulgaria
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5
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Fang Q. The Versatile Attributes of MGMT: Its Repair Mechanism, Crosstalk with Other DNA Repair Pathways, and Its Role in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:331. [PMID: 38254819 PMCID: PMC10814553 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT or AGT) is a DNA repair protein with the capability to remove alkyl groups from O6-AlkylG adducts. Moreover, MGMT plays a crucial role in repairing DNA damage induced by methylating agents like temozolomide and chloroethylating agents such as carmustine, and thereby contributes to chemotherapeutic resistance when these agents are used. This review delves into the structural roles and repair mechanisms of MGMT, with emphasis on the potential structural and functional roles of the N-terminal domain of MGMT. It also explores the development of cancer therapeutic strategies that target MGMT. Finally, it discusses the intriguing crosstalk between MGMT and other DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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6
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Nahar Metu CL, Sutihar SK, Sohel M, Zohora F, Hasan A, Miah MT, Rani Kar T, Hossain MA, Rahman MH. Unraveling the signaling mechanism behind astrocytoma and possible therapeutics strategies: A comprehensive review. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1889. [PMID: 37675821 PMCID: PMC10598261 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A form of cancer called astrocytoma can develop in the brain or spinal cord and sometimes causes death. A detailed overview of the precise signaling cascade underlying astrocytoma formation has not yet been revealed, although various factors have been investigated. Therefore, our objective was to unravel and summarize our current understanding of molecular genetics and associated signaling pathways with some possible therapeutic strategies for astrocytoma. RECENT FINDINGS In general, four different forms of astrocytoma have been identified in individuals, including circumscribed, diffuse, anaplastic, and multiforme glioblastoma, according to a recent literature review. All types of astrocytoma have a direct connection with some oncogenic signaling cascade. Common signaling is MAPK cascade, including Ras-Raf-ERK, up-regulated with activating EGFR/AKT/PTEN/mTOR and PDGFR. Recent breakthrough studies found that BRAF mutations, including KIAA1549: BRAF and BRAF V600E are responsible for astrocytoma progression. Additionally, cancer progression is influenced by mutations in some tumor suppressor genes, such as the Tp53/ATRX and MGMT mutant. As synthetic medications must cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), modulating signal systems such as miRNA is the primary option for treating patients with astrocytoma. However, available surgery, radiation therapy, and experimental therapies such as adjuvant therapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, and EGFR-targeting antibody drug are the usual treatment for most types of astrocytoma. Similar to conventional anticancer medications, some phytochemicals slow tumor growth by simultaneously controlling several cellular proteins, including those involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, metastatic spread, tyrosine kinase, growth factor receptor, and antioxidant-related proteins. CONCLUSION In conclusion, cellular and molecular signaling is directly associated with the development of astrocytoma, and a combination of conventional and alternative therapies can improve the malignancy of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chowdhury Lutfun Nahar Metu
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology UniversityGopalganjBangladesh
| | - Sunita Kumari Sutihar
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology UniversityGopalganjBangladesh
| | - Md Sohel
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangailBangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyPrimeasia UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Fatematuz Zohora
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of DhakaDhakaBangladesh
| | - Akayed Hasan
- Department of PharmacyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangailBangladesh
| | - Md. Thandu Miah
- Department of PharmacyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangailBangladesh
| | - Tanu Rani Kar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyPrimeasia UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Arju Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangailBangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringIslamic UniversityKushtiaBangladesh
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7
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Bai P, Fan T, Wang X, Zhao L, Zhong R, Sun G. Modulating MGMT expression through interfering with cell signaling pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115726. [PMID: 37524206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Guanine O6-alkylating agents are widely used as first-line chemotherapeutic drugs due to their ability to induce cytotoxic DNA damage. However, a major hurdle in their effectiveness is the emergence of chemoresistance, largely attributed to the DNA repair pathway mediated by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). MGMT plays an important role in removing the alkyl groups from lethal O6-alkylguanine (O6-AlkylG) adducts formed by chemotherapeutic alkylating agents. By doing so, MGMT enables tumor cells to evade apoptosis and develop drug resistance toward DNA alkylating agents. Although covalent inhibitors of MGMT, such as O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG) and O6-(4-bromothenyl)guanine (O6-4-BTG or lomeguatrib), have been explored in clinical settings, their utility is limited due to severe delayed hematological toxicity observed in most patients when combined with alkylating agents. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new targets and unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms and to develop alternative therapeutic strategies that can overcome MGMT-mediated tumor resistance. In this context, the regulation of MGMT expression via interfering the specific cell signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, Hedgehog, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT) emerges as a promising strategy for overcoming tumor resistance, and ultimately enhancing the efficacy of DNA alkylating agents in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tengjiao Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Department of Medical Technology, Beijing Pharmaceutical University of Staff and Workers, Beijing 100079, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Clinical Trials Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lijiao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Rugang Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Guohui Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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8
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Barzegar Behrooz A, Latifi-Navid H, da Silva Rosa SC, Swiat M, Wiechec E, Vitorino C, Vitorino R, Jamalpoor Z, Ghavami S. Integrating Multi-Omics Analysis for Enhanced Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioblastoma: A Comprehensive Data-Driven Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3158. [PMID: 37370767 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults is glioblastoma (GBM), which has poor overall survival (OS). There is a high relapse rate among patients with GBM despite maximally safe surgery, radiation therapy, temozolomide (TMZ), and aggressive treatment. Hence, there is an urgent and unmet clinical need for new approaches to managing GBM. The current study identified modules (MYC, EGFR, PIK3CA, SUZ12, and SPRK2) involved in GBM disease through the NeDRex plugin. Furthermore, hub genes were identified in a comprehensive interaction network containing 7560 proteins related to GBM disease and 3860 proteins associated with signaling pathways involved in GBM. By integrating the results of the analyses mentioned above and again performing centrality analysis, eleven key genes involved in GBM disease were identified. ProteomicsDB and Gliovis databases were used for determining the gene expression in normal and tumor brain tissue. The NetworkAnalyst and the mGWAS-Explorer tools identified miRNAs, SNPs, and metabolites associated with these 11 genes. Moreover, a literature review of recent studies revealed other lists of metabolites related to GBM disease. The enrichment analysis of identified genes, miRNAs, and metabolites associated with GBM disease was performed using ExpressAnalyst, miEAA, and MetaboAnalyst tools. Further investigation of metabolite roles in GBM was performed using pathway, joint pathway, and network analyses. The results of this study allowed us to identify 11 genes (UBC, HDAC1, CTNNB1, TRIM28, CSNK2A1, RBBP4, TP53, APP, DAB1, PINK1, and RELN), five miRNAs (hsa-mir-221-3p, hsa-mir-30a-5p, hsa-mir-15a-5p, hsa-mir-130a-3p, and hsa-let-7b-5p), six metabolites (HDL, N6-acetyl-L-lysine, cholesterol, formate, N, N-dimethylglycine/xylose, and X2. piperidinone) and 15 distinct signaling pathways that play an indispensable role in GBM disease development. The identified top genes, miRNAs, and metabolite signatures can be targeted to establish early diagnostic methods and plan personalized GBM treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Trauma Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-18541, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 14977-16316, Iran
| | - Simone C da Silva Rosa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - Maciej Swiat
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Emilia Wiechec
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Coimbra Chemistry Coimbra, Institute of Molecular Sciences-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- UnIC, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Zahra Jamalpoor
- Trauma Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-18541, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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9
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Hasan H, Afzal M, Castresana JS, Shahi MH. A Comprehensive Review of miRNAs and Their Epigenetic Effects in Glioblastoma. Cells 2023; 12:1578. [PMID: 37371047 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain tumor originating from glial cells with a maximum life expectancy of 14.6 months. Despite the establishment of multiple promising therapies, the clinical outcome of glioblastoma patients is abysmal. Drug resistance has been identified as a major factor contributing to the failure of current multimodal therapy. Epigenetic modification, especially DNA methylation has been identified as a major regulatory mechanism behind glioblastoma progression. In addition, miRNAs, a class of non-coding RNA, have been found to play a role in the regulation as well as in the diagnosis of glioblastoma. The relationship between epigenetics, drug resistance, and glioblastoma progression has been clearly demonstrated. MGMT hypermethylation, leading to a lack of MGMT expression, is associated with a cytotoxic effect of TMZ in GBM, while resistance to TMZ frequently appears in MGMT non-methylated GBM. In this review, we will elaborate on known miRNAs linked to glioblastoma; their distinctive oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles; and how epigenetic modification of miRNAs, particularly via methylation, leads to their upregulation or downregulation in glioblastoma. Moreover, we will try to identify those miRNAs that might be potential regulators of MGMT expression and their role as predictors of tumor response to temozolomide treatment. Although we do not impact clinical data and survival, we open possible experimental approaches to treat GBM, although they should be further validated with clinically oriented studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hera Hasan
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Javier S Castresana
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mehdi H Shahi
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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10
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Brown JS. Comparison of Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressors, and MicroRNAs Between Schizophrenia and Glioma: The Balance of Power. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105206. [PMID: 37178944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The risk of cancer in schizophrenia has been controversial. Confounders of the issue are cigarette smoking in schizophrenia, and antiproliferative effects of antipsychotic medications. The author has previously suggested comparison of a specific cancer like glioma to schizophrenia might help determine a more accurate relationship between cancer and schizophrenia. To accomplish this goal, the author performed three comparisons of data; the first a comparison of conventional tumor suppressors and oncogenes between schizophrenia and cancer including glioma. This comparison determined schizophrenia has both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting characteristics. A second, larger comparison between brain-expressed microRNAs in schizophrenia with their expression in glioma was then performed. This identified a core carcinogenic group of miRNAs in schizophrenia offset by a larger group of tumor-suppressive miRNAs. This proposed "balance of power" between oncogenes and tumor suppressors could cause neuroinflammation. This was assessed by a third comparison between schizophrenia, glioma and inflammation in asbestos-related lung cancer and mesothelioma (ALRCM). This revealed that schizophrenia shares more oncogenic similarity to ALRCM than glioma.
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11
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Exosomal microRNA-222-3p increases UVB sensitivity of lens epithelium cells by suppressing MGMT. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:1611-1628. [PMID: 36319884 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related cataract (ARC) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide with multiple pathogenic factors. Oxidative damage of lens epithelium cells (LECs) is one of the well-accepted pathogenesis of ARC which can be regulated by DNA repair genes (DRGs). The present research aimed to clarify the regulatory mechanism of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) on DRGs in LECs. METHODS The LECs oxidative damage model was established by UVB-irradiation on SRA01/04 (human lens epithelium cell line). Exosomes from UVB-irradiated cells (UVB-exo) and exosomes from normal control cells (NC-exo) were collected from the culture medium. To explore the functions of LECs exosomes, SRA01/04 were incubated with UVB-exo/NC-exo. Then, we detected SRA01/04 proliferation, viability and apoptosis respectively using 5'-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), cell-counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay. Next, the miRNA expression profiles of UVB-exo and NC-exo were identified by miRNA microarrays. RNA expression in exosomes, cells, and clinical samples was verified by qRT-PCR. The location and expression of MGMT and CD63 proteins were detected by immunofluorescence and western blot. The 3'UTR regulation of miR-222-3p to MGMT was verified by luciferase analyses. RESULTS MGMT down-regulated while miR-222-3p up-regulated in LECs sub-central anterior capsule from ARC lenses. MGMT and miR-222-3p expressions in central and peripheral LECs from anterior lens capsules were differential. UVB-exo can transport the up-regulated miR-222-3p from oxidative-damaged LECs to normal LECs, which could suppress MGMT expression and increase UVB sensitivity of LECs. CONCLUSIONS Findings on exosomal miRNA functions provided novel insights into pathogenesis of ARC. Exosomal miR-222-3p can be a potential target for prevention and cure of ARC.
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Di Martino MT, Arbitrio M, Caracciolo D, Cordua A, Cuomo O, Grillone K, Riillo C, Caridà G, Scionti F, Labanca C, Romeo C, Siciliano MA, D'Apolito M, Napoli C, Montesano M, Farenza V, Uppolo V, Tafuni M, Falcone F, D'Aquino G, Calandruccio ND, Luciano F, Pensabene L, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. miR-221/222 as biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention on cancer and other diseases: A systematic review. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:1191-1224. [PMID: 35282417 PMCID: PMC8891816 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Among deregulated microRNAs (miRs) in human malignancies, miR-221 has been widely investigated for its oncogenic role and as a promising biomarker. Moreover, recent evidence suggests miR-221 as a fine-tuner of chronic liver injury and inflammation-related events. Available information also supports the potential of miR-221 silencing as promising therapeutic intervention. In this systematic review, we selected papers from the principal databases (PubMed, MedLine, Medscape, ASCO, ESMO) between January 2012 and December 2020, using the keywords "miR-221" and the specific keywords related to the most important hematologic and solid malignancies, and some non-malignant diseases, to define and characterize deregulated miR-221 as a valuable therapeutic target in the modern vision of molecular medicine. We found a major role of miR-221 in this view.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), Italian National Council (CNR), Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Cordua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Onofrio Cuomo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Katia Grillone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Riillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giulio Caridà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), Italian National Council (CNR), Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Labanca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Romeo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Siciliano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria D'Apolito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Napoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina Montesano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Farenza
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Uppolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Tafuni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Falcone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Aquino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Luciano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Licia Pensabene
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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13
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Singh N, Miner A, Hennis L, Mittal S. Mechanisms of temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma - a comprehensive review. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:17-43. [PMID: 34337348 PMCID: PMC8319838 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and has an exceedingly low median overall survival of only 15 months. Current standard-of-care for GBM consists of gross total surgical resection followed by radiation with concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-choice chemotherapeutic agent in GBM; however, the development of resistance to TMZ often becomes the limiting factor in effective treatment. While O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase repair activity and uniquely resistant populations of glioma stem cells are the most well-known contributors to TMZ resistance, many other molecular mechanisms have come to light in recent years. Key emerging mechanisms include the involvement of other DNA repair systems, aberrant signaling pathways, autophagy, epigenetic modifications, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicle production. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinically relevant molecular mechanisms and their extensive interconnections to better inform efforts to combat TMZ resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| | - Alexandra Miner
- Division of Neurosurgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| | - Lauren Hennis
- Division of Neurosurgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| | - Sandeep Mittal
- Division of Neurosurgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Carilion Clinic - Neurosurgery, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
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14
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Schnabel E, Knoll M, Schwager C, Warta R, Mock A, Campos B, König L, Jungk C, Wick W, Unterberg A, Debus J, Herold-Mende C, Abdollahi A. Prognostic Value of microRNA-221/2 and 17-92 Families in Primary Glioblastoma Patients Treated with Postoperative Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062960. [PMID: 33803955 PMCID: PMC7998975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are non-coding master regulators of transcriptome that could act as tumor suppressors (TSs) or oncogenes (oncomiRs). We aimed to systematically investigate the relevance of miRs as prognostic biomarkers in primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treated with postoperative radio(chemo)therapy (PORT). For hypothesis generation, tumor miR expression by Agilent 8x15K human microRNA microarrays and survival data from 482 GBM patients of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA cohort) were analyzed using Cox-PH models. Expression of candidate miRs with prognostic relevance (miR-221/222; miR-17-5p, miR-18a, miR-19b) was validated by qRT-PCR using Taqman technology on an independent validation cohort of GBM patients (n = 109) treated at Heidelberg University Hospital (HD cohort). In TCGA, 50 miRs showed significant association with survival. Among the top ranked prognostic miRs were members of the two miR families miR-221/222 and miR-17-92. Loss of miR-221/222 was correlated with improved prognosis in both cohorts (TCGA, HD) and was an independent prognostic marker in a multivariate analysis considering demographic characteristics (age, sex, Karnofsky performance index (KPI)), molecular markers (O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation, IDH mutation status) and PORT as co-variables. The prognostic value of miR-17-92 family members was ambiguous and in part contradictory by direct comparison of the two cohorts, thus warranting further validation in larger prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Schnabel
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.S.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (A.M.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Divisions of Molecular & Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, General Pediatrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Knoll
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.S.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (A.M.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Divisions of Molecular & Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Schwager
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.S.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (A.M.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Divisions of Molecular & Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Warta
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (B.C.); (C.J.); (A.U.); (C.H.-M.)
| | - Andreas Mock
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.S.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (A.M.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (B.C.); (C.J.); (A.U.); (C.H.-M.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Department of Medical Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Department of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benito Campos
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (B.C.); (C.J.); (A.U.); (C.H.-M.)
| | - Laila König
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.S.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (A.M.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Divisions of Molecular & Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Jungk
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (B.C.); (C.J.); (A.U.); (C.H.-M.)
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (B.C.); (C.J.); (A.U.); (C.H.-M.)
| | - Jürgen Debus
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.S.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (A.M.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Divisions of Molecular & Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (B.C.); (C.J.); (A.U.); (C.H.-M.)
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.S.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (A.M.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Divisions of Molecular & Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), DKFZ and UKHD, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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15
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Li X, Jiang W, Gan Y, Zhou W. The Application of Exosomal MicroRNAs in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer and Its Research Progress. Pancreas 2021; 50:12-16. [PMID: 33370018 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite great progress in the treatment of pancreatic cancer under the efforts of researchers, the survival time of patients with pancreatic cancer is shorter than that of patients with other cancers. Thus, we have a great need for innovative therapeutic methods, including research and development of new drugs and innovation of administration methods. Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles wrapped by a lipid bilayer. Thanks to the low clearance ratio and strong specificity of exosomes in circulation, together with in-depth research on the surface protein of exosomes and a targeted modification method, there is a strong potential to apply exosomes in the transfer and even targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics, RNA, and natural products. Particularly, exosomes carrying microRNA show good application prospects in cancer therapy. This article is intended to summarize the progress of research relating to the treatment of pancreatic cancer via exosomal microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- From the The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- From the The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University
| | - Yu Gan
- From the The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University
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16
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Swellam M, Bakr NM, El Magdoub HM, Hamza MS, Ezz El Arab LR. Emerging role of miRNAs as liquid biopsy markers for prediction of glioblastoma multiforme prognosis. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:836-844. [PMID: 32989634 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Serum miRNAs (miRs) have gained consideration as encouraging molecular markers for cancer diagnosis and prediction of prognosis. The authors aimed to identify the exact role of miR-17-5p, miR-125b, and miR-221 among glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients before and after standard treatment, and correlate their expression with survival pattern. The study included 25 GBM patients and 20 healthy controls. Serum miR-17-5p, miR-125b, and miR-221 expression were analyzed before and after treatment using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The diagnostic efficacy for the tested miRs was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the relation of miRs expression versus clinical criteria for GBM was assessed. Patients' survival patterns were examined versus miRs expression levels. A significant difference was reported between miRs expression among the enrolled individuals. Both miR-17-5p and miR-221 reported significant elevations in GBM patients who: are above 60 years old, underwent biopsy resection, have a non-frontal lesion, with tumor size above 5 cm, and with performance status equals 2 according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status. With regard to miR-125b, a significant difference was detected according to surgery strategy, primary lesion of the tumor, and ECOG status. MiRs levels were significantly decreased for GBM patients after treatment. Survival patterns demonstrated an increase in miR-17-5p, miR-125b, and miR-221 in GBM patients with worse progression-free survival and among those with worse overall survival. Detection of serum miR-17-5p, miR-125b, and miR-221 aids in the prediction of prognosis and response to treatment strategy for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menha Swellam
- Biochemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Dokki, Egypt.,High Throughput Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, Centers of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Noha M Bakr
- Biochemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Dokki, Egypt.,High Throughput Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, Centers of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Hekmat M El Magdoub
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Translational Research Unit, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Marwa S Hamza
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt.,The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna R Ezz El Arab
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Kirstein A, Schmid TE, Combs SE. The Role of miRNA for the Treatment of MGMT Unmethylated Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051099. [PMID: 32354046 PMCID: PMC7281574 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common high-grade intracranial tumor in adults. It is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation, diffuse infiltration due to high invasive and migratory capacities, as well as intense resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. With a five-year survival of less than 3% and an average survival rate of 12 months after diagnosis, GBM has become a focus of current research to urgently develop new therapeutic approaches in order to prolong survival of GBM patients. The methylation status of the promoter region of the O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is nowadays routinely analyzed since a methylated promoter region is beneficial for an effective response to temozolomide-based chemotherapy. Furthermore, several miRNAs were identified regulating MGMT expression, apart from promoter methylation, by degrading MGMT mRNA before protein translation. These miRNAs could be a promising innovative treatment approach to enhance Temozolomide (TMZ) sensitivity in MGMT unmethylated patients and to increase progression-free survival as well as long-term survival. In this review, the relevant miRNAs are systematically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kirstein
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas E. Schmid
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E. Combs
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4140-4501
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18
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DeOcesano-Pereira C, Machado RAC, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Sogayar MC. Emerging Roles and Potential Applications of Non-Coding RNAs in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2611. [PMID: 32283739 PMCID: PMC7178171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) comprise a diversity of RNA species, which do not have the potential to encode proteins. Non-coding RNAs include two classes of RNAs, namely: short regulatory ncRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The short regulatory RNAs, containing up to 200 nucleotides, include small RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNA), short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). The lncRNAs include long antisense RNAs and long intergenic RNAs (lincRNAs). Non-coding RNAs have been implicated as master regulators of several biological processes, their expression being strictly regulated under physiological conditions. In recent years, particularly in the last decade, substantial effort has been made to investigate the function of ncRNAs in several human diseases, including cancer. Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive type of brain cancer in adults, with deregulated expression of small and long ncRNAs having been implicated in onset, progression, invasiveness, and recurrence of this tumor. The aim of this review is to guide the reader through important aspects of miRNA and lncRNA biology, focusing on the molecular mechanism associated with the progression of this highly malignant cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos DeOcesano-Pereira
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, 1500 Vital Brazil Avenue, São Paulo 05503-900 SP, Brazil; (C.D.-P.); (A.M.C.-T.)
| | - Raquel A. C. Machado
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, 1500 Vital Brazil Avenue, São Paulo 05503-900 SP, Brazil; (C.D.-P.); (A.M.C.-T.)
| | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05360-130 SP, Brazil
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19
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Fan R, Wang H, Zhang L, Ma T, Tian Y, Li H. Nanocrystallized Oleanolic Acid Better Inhibits Proliferation, Migration and Invasion in Intracranial Glioma via Caspase-3 Pathway. J Cancer 2020; 11:1949-1958. [PMID: 32194806 PMCID: PMC7052863 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma associates with high malignancy and poor prognosis for traditional treatment. Oleanolic acid (OA) has been confirmed to have an inhibitory effect on different kinds of tumors, while accompanying with low efficiency because of its large molecular mass and low solubility. Nanoliposome is an appropriate drug delivery system that can compensate for the limitations of traditional insoluble drugs, involving improvement of their solubility, stability and lipophilicity. In the present study, we comprised of OA covered with nanoliposomes, named OAnano, to observe antitumor effects on U87 glioma cells. The results showed that OAnano raised the solubility and oil-water partition coefficient. OAnano suppressed proliferation of U87 glioma cells, and also had an anticancer effect on U87 glioma cells, which was found to be higher than that of OA. Moreover, treatment with OAnano induced apoptosis and degraded migration ability by caspase-3 pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that OA covered with nanoliposomes led to enhanced anticancer effects by suppressing proliferation, migration and invasion abilities. The findings may provide a reliable reference for development of new anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicheng Fan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Battalion 3, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Battalion 4, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Battalion 4, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanping Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Medarova Z, Pantazopoulos P, Yoo B. Screening of potential miRNA therapeutics for the prevention of multi-drug resistance in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1970. [PMID: 32029822 PMCID: PMC7005303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, a major cancer treatment approach, suffers seriously from multidrug resistance (MDR), generally caused by innate DNA repair proteins that reverse the DNA modification by anti-cancer therapeutics or trans-membrane efflux proteins that pump anti-cancer therapeutics out of the cytosol. This project focused on finding microRNAs that can regulate MDR proteins by managing corresponding mRNA levels through post-transcriptional regulation based on nucleotide sequence matching. Screening was done with bioinformatics databases for unpublished/unexplored microRNAs with high nucleotide sequence correspondence to two representative MDR proteins, MGMT (a DNA repair protein) and ABCB1 (an efflux protein), revealing microRNA-4539 and microRNA-4261 respectively. To investigate the enhancement of chemotherapeutics in cancer cells, high MGMT expressing glioblastoma (T98G) and a high ABCB1 expressing triple-negative breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231-luc) were treated with varying concentrations of chemotherapeutics and corresponding miRNAs. Newly identified MDR-related miRNAs (MDRmiRs) enhanced the response to anti-cancer therapeutics and resulted in effective cell death. In this study, we demonstrated that therapeutic miRNAs could be identified based on the nucleotide sequence matching of miRNAs to targeted mRNA and the same approach could be employed for the screening of therapeutic candidates to regulate specific target proteins in diverse diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdravka Medarova
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Pamela Pantazopoulos
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Byunghee Yoo
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
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21
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Amini S, Abak A, Sakhinia E, Abhari A. MicroRNA-221 and MicroRNA-222 in Common Human Cancers: Expression, Function, and Triggering of Tumor Progression as a Key Modulator. Lab Med 2020; 50:333-347. [PMID: 31049571 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short (~22 nucleotides [nt]), single-stranded RNA oligonucleotides that are regulatory in nature and are often dysregulated in various diseases, including cancer. miRNAs can act as oncomiRs (miRNAs associated with cancer) or tumor suppressor miRNAs and have the potential to be a diagnostic, prognostic, noninvasive biomarker for these diseases. MicroRNA-221 (miR-221) and microRNA-222 (miR-222) are homologous miRNAs, located on the human chromosome Xp11.3, which factored significantly in impairment in the regulation of a wide range of cancers. In this review, we have highlighted the most consistently reported dysregulated miRNAs that trigger human tissues to express cancerous features and surveyed the role of those miRNAs in metastasis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumor prognosis. Also, we applied the causes of drug resistance and the role of coordinated actions of these miRNAs to epigenetic changes and selected miRNAs as a potential type of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Amini
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Tabriz Genetic Analysis Center (TGAC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Abhari
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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22
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Withers SB, Dewhurst T, Hammond C, Topham CH. MiRNAs as Novel Adipokines: Obesity-Related Circulating MiRNAs Influence Chemosensitivity in Cancer Patients. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:ncrna6010005. [PMID: 31979312 PMCID: PMC7151601 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ, capable of regulating distant physiological processes in other tissues via the release of adipokines into the bloodstream. Recently, circulating adipose-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as a novel class of adipokine, due to their capacity to regulate gene expression in tissues other than fat. Circulating levels of adipokines are known to be altered in obese individuals compared with typical weight individuals and are linked to poorer health outcomes. For example, obese individuals are known to be more prone to the development of some cancers, and less likely to achieve event-free survival following chemotherapy. The purpose of this review was twofold; first to identify circulating miRNAs which are reproducibly altered in obesity, and secondly to identify mechanisms by which these obesity-linked miRNAs might influence the sensitivity of tumors to treatment. We identified 8 candidate circulating miRNAs with altered levels in obese individuals (6 increased, 2 decreased). A second literature review was then performed to investigate if these candidates might have a role in mediating resistance to cancer treatment. All of the circulating miRNAs identified were capable of mediating responses to cancer treatment at the cellular level, and so this review provides novel insights which can be used by future studies which aim to improve obese patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B. Withers
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, Peel Building, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK; (S.B.W.); (T.D.); (C.H.)
- Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Clinical Sciences Building, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Toni Dewhurst
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, Peel Building, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK; (S.B.W.); (T.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Chloe Hammond
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, Peel Building, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK; (S.B.W.); (T.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Caroline H. Topham
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, Peel Building, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK; (S.B.W.); (T.D.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-161-295-4292
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23
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The Role of Exo-miRNAs in Cancer: A Focus on Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194687. [PMID: 31546654 PMCID: PMC6801421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released into biological fluids where they act as carriers of various molecules, including proteins, lipids, and RNAs, between cells, modulating or perturbing specific physiological processes. Recently, it has been suggested that tumoral cells release excessive amounts of exosomes that, through their cargo, promote tumor progression, stimulating growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, insensitivity to chemotherapy, and immune evasion. Increasing evidence highlights exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRNAs) as important players in tumorigenesis. MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of small non-coding RNA able to regulate gene expression, targeting multiple mRNAs and inducing translational repression and/or mRNA degradation. Exo-miRNAs are highly stable and easily detectable in biological fluids, and for these reasons, miRNAs are potential cancer biomarkers useful diagnostically and prognostically. Furthermore, since exosomes are natural delivery systems between cells, they can be appropriately modified to carry therapeutic miRNAs to specific recipient cells. Here we summarize the main functions of exo-miRNAs and their possible role for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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25
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Witusik-Perkowska M, Zakrzewska M, Jaskolski DJ, Liberski PP, Szemraj J. Artificial microenvironment of in vitro glioblastoma cell cultures changes profile of miRNAs related to tumor drug resistance. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3905-3918. [PMID: 31190889 PMCID: PMC6535444 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s190601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The in vitro environment can influence not only the molecular background of glioblastoma drug-resistance and treatment efficiency, but also the mechanisms and pathways of cell death. Both crucial molecular pathways and the deregulation of miRNAs are thought to participate in tumor therapy-resistance. The aim of our study is to examine the potential influence of ex vivo conditions on the expression of miRNAs engaged in the machinery of tumor-drug resistance, since in vitro models are commonly used for testing new therapeutics. Methods: Glioblastoma-derived cells, cultured under three different sets of conditions, were used as experimental models in vitro. The expression of 84 miRNAs relevant to brain tumorigenesis was evaluated by multi-miRNA profiling for initial tumors and their corresponding cultures. Finally, the expression of selected miRNAs related to temozolomide-resistance (miR-125b, miR-130a, miR-21, miR-221, miR-222, miR-31, miR-149, miR-210, miR-181a) was assessed by real-time PCR for each tumor and neoplastic cells in cultures. Results: Our results demonstrate significant discrepancies in the expression of several miRNAs between tumor cells in vivo and in vitro, with miR-130a, miR-221, miR-31, miR-21, miR-222, miR-210 being the most marked. Also differences were observed between particular models in vitro. The results of computational analysis revealed the interplay between examined miRNAs and their targets involved in processes of glioblastoma chemosensitivity, including the genes relevant to temozolomide response (MGMT, PTEN, MDM2, TP53, BBC3A). Conclusion: The artificial environment may influence the selective proliferation of cell populations carrying specific patterns of miRNAs and/or the phenotype of neoplastic cells (eg differentiation) by the action of molecular events including miRNAs. These phenomena may influence the tumor-responsiveness to particular drugs, disturbing the evaluation of their efficacy in vitro, with unpredictable results caused by the interdependency of molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Zakrzewska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dariusz J Jaskolski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Medical University of Lodz, Barlicki University Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Pawel P Liberski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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26
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Wu P, Cai J, Chen Q, Han B, Meng X, Li Y, Li Z, Wang R, Lin L, Duan C, Kang C, Jiang C. Lnc-TALC promotes O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase expression via regulating the c-Met pathway by competitively binding with miR-20b-3p. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2045. [PMID: 31053733 PMCID: PMC6499807 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as new regulatory molecules implicated in diverse biological processes, including therapeutic resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying lncRNA-mediated temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) remain largely unknown. To illustrate the role of lncRNA in TMZ resistance, we induce TMZ-resistant GBM cells, perform a lncRNA microarray of the parental and TMZ-resistant cells, and find an unreported lncRNA in GBM, lnc-TALC (temozolomide-associated lncRNA in glioblastoma recurrence), correlated with TMZ resistance via competitively binding miR-20b-3p to facilitate c-Met expression. A phosphorylated AKT/FOXO3 axis regulated lnc-TALC expression in TMZ-resistant GBM cells. Furthermore, lnc-TALC increased MGMT expression by mediating the acetylation of H3K9, H3K27 and H3K36 in MGMT promoter regions through the c-Met/Stat3/p300 axis. In clinical patients, lnc-TALC is required for TMZ resistance and GBM recurrence. Our results reveal that lnc-TALC in GBM could serve as a therapeutic target to overcome TMZ resistance, enhancing the clinical benefits of TMZ chemotherapy. Temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma is associated with MGMT overexpression. Here, the authors identify a lncRNA that is a competitive endogenous RNA for miR-20b-3p, which causes c-Met activation to modulate acetylation of histone H3 on MGMT promoter through Stat3/p300 complex to increase MGMT expression and temozolomide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 150086, Harbin, China.
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Lab of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Ruijia Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Chunbin Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Lab of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, 300052, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 150086, Harbin, China.
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27
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Biersack B. Alkylating anticancer agents and their relations to microRNAs. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:1-17. [PMID: 35582140 PMCID: PMC9019174 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Alkylating agents represent an important class of anticancer drugs. The occurrence and emergence of tumor resistance to the treatment with alkylating agents denotes a severe problem in the clinics. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of activity of alkylating drugs is essential in order to overcome drug resistance. In particular, the role of non-coding microRNAs concerning alkylating drug activity and resistance in various cancers is highlighted in this review. Both synthetic and natural alkylating agents, which are approved for cancer therapy, are discussed concerning their interplay with microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
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28
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Toraih EA, Abdallah HY, Rashed EA, El-Wazir A, Tantawy MA, Fawzy MS. Comprehensive data analysis for development of custom qRT-PCR miRNA assay for glioblastoma: a prevalidation study. Epigenomics 2019; 11:367-380. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Glioblastoma (GB) is one notable example of miRNA-modulated neoplasms. Given its unique expression signature, proper miRNA profiling can help discriminate between GB and other types of brain tumors. The current work aimed to develop a more GB-specific and applicable custom designed quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) miRNA assay. Materials & methods: A comprehensive data analysis of bioinformatics databases, previous literature and commercially available pre-designed miRNA PCR arrays within the market. Results: A highly enriched panel of 84 deregulated and GB-specific miRNAs has been developed. Conclusion: After validation of this newly developed array, it can not only save the researcher's time and effort, but can also have a potential diagnostic and/or prognostic role in GB, paving the road toward personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Toraih
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Center of Excellence of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hoda Y Abdallah
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Center of Excellence of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Essam A Rashed
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science, The British University in Egypt, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Aya El-Wazir
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Center of Excellence of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Tantawy
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang HN, Guo Y, Ma W, Xue J, Wang WL, Yuan ZW. MGMT is down-regulated independently of promoter DNA methylation in rats with all-trans retinoic acid-induced spina bifida aperta. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:361-368. [PMID: 30531021 PMCID: PMC6301176 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.244799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme, has been reported in some congenital malformations, but it is less frequently reported in neural tube defects. This study investigated MGMT mRNA expression and methylation levels in the early embryo and in different embryonic stages, as well as the relationship between MGMT and neural tube defects. Spina bifida aperta was induced in rats by a single intragastric administration of all-trans retinoic acid on embryonic day (E) 10, whereas normal control rats received the same amount of olive oil on the same embryonic day. DNA damage was assessed by detecting γ-H2A.X in spina bifida aperta rats. Real time-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine mRNA expression of MGMT in normal control and spina bifida aperta rats. In normal controls, the MGMT mRNA expression decreased with increasing embryonic days, and was remarkably reduced from E11 to E14, reaching a minimum at E18. In the spina bifida aperta model, γ-H2A.X protein expression was increased, and mRNA expression of MGMT was markedly decreased on E14, E16, and E18. Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction for MGMT promoter methylation demonstrated that almost all CpG sites in the MGMT promoter remained unmethylated in both spina bifida aperta rats and normal controls, and there was no significant difference in methylation level between the two groups on either E14 or E18. Our results show that DNA damage occurs in spina bifida aperta rats. The mRNA expression of MGMT is downregulated, and this downregulation is independent of promoter DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei-Lin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Huang H, Jiang R, Lian Z, Zhang W, Hu Z, Hu D. miR-222/GAS5 is involved in DNA damage and cytotoxic effects induced by temozolomide in T98G cell line. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:726-734. [PMID: 30575081 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ), a therapeutic DNA alkylator that can cause lethal DNA damage in cancer cells, is widely used for the standard chemotherapy against glioblastoma. However, long-term treatment with TMZ often causes drug resistance and poor prognosis, the mechanism of which remains largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of miR-222/GAS5 axis on DNA damage and cytotoxic effects induced by TMZ in glioblastoma cells (T98G). Data suggest that the DNA comet tail length of T98G is positively correlated with the levels of miR-222 (R2 = 0.9808, P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with the levels of GAS5 (R2 = 0.8903, P < 0.05). The optical density value of T98G is negatively correlated with the levels of miR-222 (R2 = 0.7848, P < 0.05), and positively correlated with the levels of GAS5 (R2 = 0.6886, P < 0.05). Furthermore, comet tail length and optical density value are negatively and positively correlated with the levels of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, respectively (R2 = 0.8462, P < 0.05; R2 = 0.7018, P < 0.05). In conclusion, miR-222/GAS5 is involved in DNA damage and cytotoxic effects induced by TMZ, which means that miR-222/GAS5 may have great potential of being used as a biomarker for screening of chemotherapeutic alkylators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ran Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhenwei Lian
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zuqing Hu
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Heilongjiang Province, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Dalin Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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31
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Chen YY, Ho HL, Lin SC, Ho TDH, Hsu CY. Upregulation of miR-125b, miR-181d, and miR-221 Predicts Poor Prognosis in MGMT Promoter-Unmethylated Glioblastoma Patients. Am J Clin Pathol 2018. [PMID: 29538610 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prognostic values of microRNAs (miRNAs) in glioblastoma, and to see if there is an association between miRNAs and MGMT promoter methylation status. METHODS We collected paraffin blocks from resection specimens from 114 glioblastoma patients who had received temozolomide treatment and radiotherapy. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to determine the expression levels of five miRNAs. RESULTS Upregulation of miR 125b-5p, miR 181d-3p, miR 221-3p, miR-222-3p, and miR 224-5p was observed in 13.2%, 5.3%, 12.3%, 32.5%, and 78.9% of the cases, respectively. The expression level of miRNAs was not significantly different in tumors with MGMT promoter methylation vs tumors without such methylation. Upregulation of miR 125b-5p, miR 181d-3p, or miR 221-3p was significantly associated with shorter survival in MGMT-unmethylated glioblastoma patients. CONCLUSIONS miR 125b-5p, miR 181d-3p, and miR 221-3p are useful in predicting poor prognosis in patients with MGMT-unmethylated glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ying Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ling Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tiffany Dai-Hwa Ho
- Departments of Computer Science and Statistics, Duke University, Durham, NC, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
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32
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Patyka M, Sharifi Z, Petrecca K, Mansure J, Jean-Claude B, Sabri S. Sensitivity to PRIMA-1MET is associated with decreased MGMT in human glioblastoma cells and glioblastoma stem cells irrespective of p53 status. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60245-60269. [PMID: 27533246 PMCID: PMC5312382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene occur in ~30% of primary glioblastoma (GBM) with a high frequency of missense mutations associated with the acquisition of oncogenic “gain-of-function” (GOF) mutant (mut)p53 activities. PRIMA-1MET/APR-246, emerged as a promising compound to rescue wild-type (wt)p53 function in different cancer types. Previous studies suggested the role of wtp53 in the negative regulation of the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a major determinant in resistance to therapy in GBM treatment. The potential role of MGMT in expression of p53 and the efficacy of PRIMA-1MET with respect to TP53 status and expression of MGMT in GBM remain unknown. We investigated response to PRIMA-1MET of wtp53/MGMT-negative (U87MG, A172), mutp53/MGMT-positive U138, LN-18, T98/Empty vector (T98/EV) and its isogenic MGMT/shRNA gene knockdown counterpart (T98/shRNA). We show that MGMT silencing decreased expression of mutp53/GOF in T98/shRNA. PRIMA-1MET further cleared T98/shRNA cells of mutp53, decreased proliferation and clonogenic potential, abrogated the G2 checkpoint control, increased susceptibility to apoptotic cell death, expression of GADD45A and sustained expression of phosphorylated Erk1/2. PRIMA-1MET increased expression of p21 protein in U87MG and A172 and promoted senescence in U87MG cell line. Importantly, PRIMA-1MET decreased relative cell numbers, disrupted the structure of neurospheres of patient-derived GBM stem cells (GSCs) and enabled activation of wtp53 with decreased expression of MGMT in MGMT-positive GSCs or decreased expression of mutp53. Our findings highlight the cell-context dependent effects of PRIMA-1MET irrespective of p53 status and suggest the role of MGMT as a potential molecular target of PRIMA-1MET in MGMT-positive GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Patyka
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zeinab Sharifi
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, The Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jose Mansure
- Department of Urologic Oncology Research, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Jean-Claude
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siham Sabri
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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33
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Liu Y, Xu N, Liu B, Huang Y, Zeng H, Yang Z, He Z, Guo H. Long noncoding RNA RP11-838N2.4 enhances the cytotoxic effects of temozolomide by inhibiting the functions of miR-10a in glioblastoma cell lines. Oncotarget 2018; 7:43835-43851. [PMID: 27270310 PMCID: PMC5190063 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to temolozomide (TMZ), the standard chemotherapy agent for treating glioblastomas (GBM), is a major clinical problem for patients with GBM. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in chemotherapy resistance in various cancers. In this study, we found that the level of the lncRNA RP11-838N2.4 was lower in TMZ-resistant GBM cells (U87TR, U251TR) compared to the parental, non-resistant GBM cells (U87, U251). In GBM patients, the decreased level of lncRNA RP11-838N2.4 correlated with higher risk of GBM relapse, as well as shorter postoperative survival times. We further found that lncRNA RP11-838N2.4 could enhances the cytotoxic effects of temozolomide to GBM cells both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, lncRNA RP11-838N2.4 acts as an endogenous sponge, suppressing the function of miR-10a through conserved sequences and increasing the expression of EphA8 that enhanced the rate of cell apoptosis, thereby intensified sensitivity of GBM cells to TMZ. Additionally, lncRNA RP11-838N2.4 inhibited the activity of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) independent of miR-10a. Finally, Characterization of lncRNA RP11-838N2.4 could contribute to strategies for enhancing the efficacy of TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Liu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Ningbo Xu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Boyang Liu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yiru Huang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Huijun Zeng
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Zhenyan He
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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34
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Khalil S, Fabbri E, Santangelo A, Bezzerri V, Cantù C, Di Gennaro G, Finotti A, Ghimenton C, Eccher A, Dechecchi M, Scarpa A, Hirshman B, Chen C, Ferracin M, Negrini M, Gambari R, Cabrini G. miRNA array screening reveals cooperative MGMT-regulation between miR-181d-5p and miR-409-3p in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:28195-206. [PMID: 27057640 PMCID: PMC5053720 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The levels of expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) are relevant in predicting the response to the alkylating chemotherapy in patients affected by glioblastoma. MGMT promoter methylation and the published MGMT regulating microRNAs (miRNAs) do not completely explain the expression pattern of MGMT in clinical glioblastoma specimens. Here we used a genome-wide microarray-based approach to identify MGMT regulating miRNAs. Our screen unveiled three novel MGMT regulating miRNAs, miR-127-3p, miR-409-3p, and miR-124-3p, in addition to the previously identified miR-181d-5p. Transfection of these three novel miRNAs into the T98G glioblastoma cell line suppressed MGMT mRNA and protein expression. However, their MGMT- suppressive effects are 30–50% relative that seen with miR-181d-5p transfection. In silico analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) revealed that miR-181d-5p is the only miRNA that consistently exhibited inverse correlation with MGMT mRNA expression. However, statistical models incorporating both miR-181d-5p and miR-409-3p expression better predict MGMT expression relative to models involving either miRNA alone. Our results confirmed miR-181d-5p as the key MGMT-regulating miRNA. Other MGMT regulating miRNAs, including the miR-409-3p identified in this report, modify the effect of miR-181d-5p on MGMT expression. MGMT expression is, thus, regulated by cooperative interaction between key MGMT-regulating miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Khalil
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrica Fabbri
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Santangelo
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentino Bezzerri
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cantù
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Gennaro
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Ghimenton
- Section of Pathology and Histology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Albino Eccher
- Section of Pathology and Histology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Dechecchi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy.,Section of Pathology and Histology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy.,Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC-NET), University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Brian Hirshman
- Center for Theoretical and Applied Neuro-oncology, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Clark Chen
- Center for Theoretical and Applied Neuro-oncology, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulio Cabrini
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy.,Section of Pathology and Histology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
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35
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Aasland D, Reich TR, Tomicic MT, Switzeny OJ, Kaina B, Christmann M. Repair gene O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase is controlled by SP1 and up-regulated by glucocorticoids, but not by temozolomide and radiation. J Neurochem 2018; 144:139-151. [PMID: 29164620 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Therapy of malignant glioma relies on treatment with the O6 -methylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) concomitant with ionizing radiation followed by adjuvant TMZ. For the treatment of recurrences, DNA chloroethylating drugs are also used. The main killing lesion induced by these drugs is O6 -alkylguanine. Since this damage is repaired by O6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), the repair enzyme represents a most important factor of drug resistance, limiting the therapy of malignant high-grade gliomas. Although MGMT has been shown to be transcriptionally up-regulated in rodents following genotoxic stress, it is still unclear whether human MGMT is subject to up-regulation. Here, we addressed the question whether MGMT in glioma cells is enhanced following alkylating drugs or ionizing radiation, using promoter assays. We also checked the response of glioma cell lines to dexamethasone. In a series of experiments, we found no evidence that the human MGMT promoter is significantly up-regulated following treatment with TMZ, the chloroethylating agent nimustine or radiation. It was activated, however, by dexamethasone. Using deletion constructs, we further show that the basal level of MGMT is mainly determined by the transcription factor SP1. The high amount of SP1 sites in the MGMT promoter likely prevents transcriptional up-regulation following genotoxic stress by neutralizing inducible signals. The regulation of MGMT by miRNAs plays only a minor role, as shown by DICER knockdown experiments. Since high dose dexamethasone concomitant with temozolomide is frequently used in glioblastoma therapy, induction of the MGMT gene through glucocorticoids in MGMT promoter unmethylated cases might cause further elevation of drug resistance, while radiation and alkylating drugs seem not to induce MGMT at transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorthe Aasland
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas R Reich
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maja T Tomicic
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Olivier J Switzeny
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Christmann
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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36
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Fiore D, Donnarumma E, Roscigno G, Iaboni M, Russo V, Affinito A, Adamo A, De Martino F, Quintavalle C, Romano G, Greco A, Soini Y, Brunetti A, Croce CM, Condorelli G. miR-340 predicts glioblastoma survival and modulates key cancer hallmarks through down-regulation of NRAS. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19531-47. [PMID: 26799668 PMCID: PMC4991399 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults; with a survival rate of 12 months from diagnosis. However, a small subgroup of patients, termed long-term survivors (LTS), has a survival rate longer then 12–14 months. There is thus increasing interest in the identification of molecular signatures predicting glioblastoma prognosis and in how to improve the therapeutic approach. Here, we report miR-340 as prognostic tumor-suppressor microRNA for glioblastoma. We analyzed microRNA expression in > 500 glioblastoma patients and found that although miR-340 is strongly down-regulated in glioblastoma overall, it is up-regulated in LTS patients compared to short-term survivors (STS). Indeed, miR-340 expression predicted better prognosis in glioblastoma patients. Coherently, overexpression of miR-340 in glioblastoma cells was found to produce a tumor-suppressive activity. We identified NRAS mRNA as a critical, direct target of miR-340: in fact, miR-340 negatively influenced multiple aspects of glioblastoma tumorigenesis by down-regulating NRAS and downstream AKT and ERK pathways. Thus, we demonstrate that expression of miR-340 in glioblastoma is responsible for a strong tumor-suppressive effect in LTS patients by down-regulating NRAS. miR-340 may thus represent a novel marker for glioblastoma diagnosis and prognosis, and may be developed into a tool to improve treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Fiore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Roscigno
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,IEOS, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Iaboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Affinito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Assunta Adamo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio De Martino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Institute of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Division, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Romano
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Adelaide Greco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Ceinge, Biotecnologie Avanzate, Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Ylermi Soini
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Ceinge, Biotecnologie Avanzate, Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,IEOS, CNR, Naples, Italy
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37
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Stojcheva N, Schechtmann G, Sass S, Roth P, Florea AM, Stefanski A, Stühler K, Wolter M, Müller NS, Theis FJ, Weller M, Reifenberger G, Happold C. MicroRNA-138 promotes acquired alkylator resistance in glioblastoma by targeting the Bcl-2-interacting mediator BIM. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12937-50. [PMID: 26887050 PMCID: PMC4914333 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumor in adults with a median survival below 12 months in population-based studies. The main reason for tumor recurrence and progression is constitutive or acquired resistance to the standard of care of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ/RT→TMZ). Here, we investigated the role of microRNA (miRNA) alterations as mediators of alkylator resistance in glioblastoma cells. Using microarray-based miRNA expression profiling of parental and TMZ-resistant cultures of three human glioma cell lines, we identified a set of differentially expressed miRNA candidates. From these, we selected miR-138 for further functional analyses as this miRNA was not only upregulated in TMZ-resistant versus parental cells, but also showed increased expression in vivo in recurrent glioblastoma tissue samples after TMZ/RT→TMZ treatment. Transient transfection of miR-138 mimics in glioma cells with low basal miR-138 expression increased glioma cell proliferation. Moreover, miR-138 overexpression increased TMZ resistance in long-term glioblastoma cell lines and glioma initiating cell cultures. The apoptosis regulator BIM was identified as a direct target of miR-138, and its silencing mediated the induced TMZ resistance phenotype. Altered sensitivity to apoptosis played only a minor role in this resistance mechanism. Instead, we identified the induction of autophagy to be regulated downstream of the miR-138/BIM axis and to promote cell survival following TMZ exposure. Our data thus define miR-138 as a glioblastoma cell survival-promoting miRNA associated with resistance to TMZ therapy in vitro and with tumor progression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Stojcheva
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gennadi Schechtmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Steffen Sass
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Roth
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana-Maria Florea
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Stefanski
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marietta Wolter
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikola S Müller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Weller
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Caroline Happold
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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38
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Toraih EA, Aly NM, Abdallah HY, Al-Qahtani SA, Shaalan AA, Hussein MH, Fawzy MS. MicroRNA-target cross-talks: Key players in glioblastoma multiforme. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317726842. [PMID: 29110584 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317726842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microRNAs in brain cancer is still naive. Some act as oncogene and others as tumor suppressors. Discovery of efficient biomarkers is mandatory to debate that aggressive disease. Bioinformatically selected microRNAs and their targets were investigated to evaluate their putative signature as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in primary glioblastoma multiforme. Expression of a panel of seven microRNAs (hsa-miR-34a, hsa-miR-16, hsa-miR-17, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-221, hsa-miR-326, and hsa-miR-375) and seven target genes ( E2F3, PI3KCA, TOM34, WNT5A, PDCD4, DFFA, and EGFR) in 43 glioblastoma multiforme specimens were profiled compared to non-cancer tissues via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry staining for three proteins (VEGFA, BAX, and BCL2) was performed. Gene enrichment analysis identified the biological regulatory functions of the gene panel in glioma pathway. MGMT ( O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) promoter methylation was analyzed for molecular subtyping of tumor specimens. Our data demonstrated a significant upregulation of five microRNAs (hsa-miR-16, hsa-miR-17, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-221, and hsa-miR-375), three genes ( E2F3, PI3KCA, and Wnt5a), two proteins (VEGFA and BCL2), and downregulation of hsa-miR-34a and three other genes ( DFFA, PDCD4, and EGFR) in brain cancer tissues. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that miR-34a (area under the curve = 0.927) and miR-17 (area under the curve = 0.900) had the highest diagnostic performance, followed by miR-221 (area under the curve = 0.845), miR-21 (area under the curve = 0.836), WNT5A (area under the curve = 0.809), PDCD4 (area under the curve = 0.809), and PI3KCA (area under the curve = 0.800). MGMT promoter methylation status was associated with high miR-221 levels. Moreover, patients with VEGFA overexpression and downregulation of TOM34 and BAX had poor overall survival. Nevertheless, miR-17, miR-221, and miR-326 downregulation were significantly associated with high recurrence rate. Multivariate analysis by hierarchical clustering classified patients into four distinct groups based on gene panel signature. In conclusion, the explored microRNA-target dysregulation could pave the road toward developing potential therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma multiforme. Future translational and functional studies are highly recommended to better understand the complex bio-molecular signature of this difficult-to-treat tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ali Toraih
- 1 Genetics Unit, Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Mahmoud Aly
- 2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hoda Y Abdallah
- 1 Genetics Unit, Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Saeed Awad Al-Qahtani
- 3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aly Am Shaalan
- 4 Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,5 Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Manal Said Fawzy
- 2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,7 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
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39
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Ahir BK, Ozer H, Engelhard HH, Lakka SS. MicroRNAs in glioblastoma pathogenesis and therapy: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 120:22-33. [PMID: 29198335 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), also known as grade IV astrocytoma, is the most aggressive primary intracranial tumor of the adult brain. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNA species, have critical functions across various biological processes. A great deal of progress has been made recently in dissecting miRNA pathways associated with the pathogenesis of GBM. miRNA expression signatures called gene signatures also characterize and contribute to the phenotypic diversity of GBM subclasses through their ability to regulate developmental growth and differentiation. miRNA molecules have been identified as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for patient stratification and may also serve as therapeutic targets and agents. This review summarizes: (i) the current understanding of the roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of GBM, (ii) the potential use of miRNAs in GBM diagnosis and glioma grading, (iii) further prospects of developing miRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GBM, and (iv) important practical considerations when considering miRNA therapy for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh K Ahir
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Howard Ozer
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Herbert H Engelhard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sajani S Lakka
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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40
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Liao H, Bi L, Wei J, Song X. Evaluation of apoptosis induced by exposure to antineoplastic drugs in peripheral blood lymphocytes of nurses. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8103-8109. [PMID: 28944882 PMCID: PMC5779896 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytostatic antineoplastic drugs are considered carcinogenic and mutagenic risk factors for health workers who are occupationally exposed to them; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of antineoplastic drugs-induced apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) obtained from oncology nurses handling antineoplastic drugs. A microRNA (miRNA/miR) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array was performed to analyze the expression levels of miRNAs in the PBLs from 3 trained nurses occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs. The effects of miR-34a on cell proliferation and apoptosis in temozolomide (TMZ) treated PBLs were analyzed by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry assays. The protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were determined by western blot analysis, and miR-34a expression levels were detected using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. The results of the present study demonstrated that miR-34a was significantly upregulated in oncology nurses that were occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs. In addition, TMZ suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, by promoting the expression of miR-34a, in a dose-dependent manner, and also inhibited the expression of Bcl-2. Furthermore, knockdown of miR-34a was able to reverse the reduction of cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis induced by TMZ in PBLs. Together, these results indicated that abnormal expression of miR-34a may be considered a diagnostic marker in nurses occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Radiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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41
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Adamo A, Fiore D, De Martino F, Roscigno G, Affinito A, Donnarumma E, Puoti I, Ricci Vitiani L, Pallini R, Quintavalle C, Condorelli G. RYK promotes the stemness of glioblastoma cells via the WNT/ β-catenin pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13476-13487. [PMID: 28086236 PMCID: PMC5355113 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by a strong self-renewal potential and a poor differentiation state. Since receptor-like tyrosine kinase (RYK) activates the WNT/β-catenin pathway essential for cancer stem cell maintenance, we evaluated its contribution in conferring stemness to GBM cells. Here, we report that Ryk (related-to-receptor tyrosine kinase), an atypical tyrosine kinase receptor, is upregulated in samples from GBM patients as well as in GSCs. Ryk overexpression confers stemness properties to GBM cells through the modulation of the canonical Wnt signaling and by promoting the activation of pluripotency-related transcription factor circuitry and neurosphere formation ability. In contrast, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Ryk expression suppresses this stem-like phenotype. Rescue experiments reveal that stemness-promoting activity of Ryk is attributable, at least in part, to β-catenin stabilization. Furthermore, Ryk overexpression improves cell motility and anchorage independent cell growth. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Ryk promotes stem cell-like and tumorigenic features to glioma cells its essential for the maintenance of GSCs and could be a target of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Adamo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Fiore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio De Martino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Roscigno
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,IEOS, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Affinito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Puoti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci Vitiani
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,IEOS, CNR, Naples, Italy
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42
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Huang SX, Zhao ZY, Weng GH, He XY, Wu CJ, Fu CY, Sui ZY, Ma YS, Liu T. Upregulation of miR-181a suppresses the formation of glioblastoma stem cells by targeting the Notch2 oncogene and correlates with good prognosis in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:1129-1136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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43
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Nie E, Jin X, Wu W, Yu T, Zhou X, Shi Z, Zhang J, Liu N, You Y. MiR-198 enhances temozolomide sensitivity in glioblastoma by targeting MGMT. J Neurooncol 2017; 133:59-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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44
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MicroRNA signatures predict prognosis of patients with glioblastoma multiforme through the Cancer Genome Atlas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58386-58393. [PMID: 28938564 PMCID: PMC5601660 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play major roles in various biological processes and have been implicated in the pathogenesis and malignant progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The aim of this study was to assess the predictive values of miRNAs for overall survival (OS) of patients with GBM. MiRNA expression profiles and clinical information of 563 GBM patients were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas. The most significantly altered miRNAs were identified and miRNA expression profiles were performed, through principal component analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method. The survival analysis was performed using the Cox regression models. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the performance of survival prediction. We used the bioinformatics tools to establish the miRNA signature for biological relevance assessment. A linear prognostic model of three miRNAs was developed and the patients were divided into high risk and low risk groups based this model. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the three miRNA signature predicting 5-year survival was 0.894 (95%CI, 0.789-1.000) in the testing set and0.841 (95%CI, 0.689-0.993) in all GBM patients. High risk patients had significantly shorter OS than patients with low risk (P< 0.001). The results from this study support a three miRNA signature for outcome prediction of GBM. These results provided a new prospect for prognostic biomarker of GBM.
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45
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Zhao H, Shen J, Hodges TR, Song R, Fuller GN, Heimberger AB. Serum microRNA profiling in patients with glioblastoma: a survival analysis. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:59. [PMID: 28284220 PMCID: PMC5346242 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Because circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have drawn a great deal of attention as promising novel cancer diagnostics and prognostic biomarkers, we sought to identify serum miRNAs significantly associated with outcome in glioblastoma patients. To do this, we performed global miRNA profiling in serum samples from 106 primary glioblastoma patients. The study subjects were randomly divided into two sets: set one (n = 40) and set two (n = 66). Using a Cox regression model, 3 serum miRNAs (miR-106a-5p, miR-182, and miR-145-5p) and 5 serum miRNAs (miR-222-3p, miR-182, miR-20a-5p, miR-106a-5p, and miR-145-5p) were identified significantly associated with 2-year patient overall survival and disease-free survival (P < 0.05) in both sets and the combined set. We then created the miRNA risk scores to assess the total impact of the significant serum miRNAs on survival. The high risk scores were associated with poor patient survival (overall survival: HR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.19, 10.23, and disease-free survival: HR = 2.03, 95%CI: 1.24, 4.28), and were independent of other clinicopathological factors. Our results suggest that serum miRNAs could serve as prognostic predictors of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tiffany R Hodges
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Renduo Song
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gregory N Fuller
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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46
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Song J, Ouyang Y, Che J, Li X, Zhao Y, Yang K, Zhao X, Chen Y, Fan C, Yuan W. Potential Value of miR-221/222 as Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Biomarkers for Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:56. [PMID: 28261196 PMCID: PMC5311065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by base pairing with their target messenger RNAs. Dysregulation of miRNAs is involved in the pathological initiation and progression of many human diseases. miR-221 and miR-222 (miR-221/222) are two highly homologous miRNAs, and they are significantly overexpressed in several types of human diseases. Silencing miR-221/222 could represent a promising approach for therapeutic studies. In the present review, we will describe the potential value of miR-221/222 as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in various diseases including cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Song
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai University of Medicine & Health, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanming Ouyang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai University of Medicine & Health, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Che
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Kejia Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Weien Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
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47
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miR clusters target cellular functional complexes by defining their degree of regulatory freedom. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 35:289-322. [PMID: 26970968 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Using the two paralog miR-23∼27∼24 clusters as an example and combining experimental and clinical data in a systematical approach to microRNA (miR) function and dysregulation, a complex picture of their roles in cancer is drawn. Various findings appear to be contradictory to a larger extent and cannot be fully explained by the classical regulatory network models and feedback loops that are mainly considered by one-to-one regulatory interactions of the involved molecules. Here, we propose an extended model of the regulatory role of miRs that, at least, supplements the usually considered single/oligo-target regulation of certain miRs. The cellular availability of the participating miR members in this model reflects an upper hierarchy level of intracellular and extracellular environmental influences, such as neighboring cells, soluble factors, hypoxia, chemotherapeutic drugs, and irradiation, among others. The novel model is based on the understanding of cellular functional complexes, such as for apoptosis, migration, and proliferation. These complexes consist of many regulatory components that can be targeted by miR cluster members to a different extent but may affect the functional complex in different ways. We propose that the final miR-related effect is a result of the possible degree of regulatory freedom provided by the miR effects on the whole functional complex structure. This degree of regulatory freedom defines to which extent the cellular functional complex can react in response to regulatory triggers, also understood as sensitization (more regulatory response options) or de-sensitization (less regulatory response options) of the system rather than single molecules.
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48
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Mercatelli N, Galardi S, Ciafrè SA. MicroRNAs as Multifaceted Players in Glioblastoma Multiforme. MIRNAS IN DIFFERENTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT 2017; 333:269-323. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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49
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Kit O, Vodolazhsky D, Rostorguev E, Porksheyan D, Panina S. The role of micro-RNA in the regulation of signal pathways in gliomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 63:481-498. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20176306481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are invasive brain tumors with high rates of recurrence and mortality. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most deadly form of glioma with nearly 100% rate of recurrence and unfavorable prognosis in patients. Micro-RNAs (miR) are the class of wide-spread short non-coding RNAs that inhibit translation via binding to the mRNA of target genes. The aim of the present review is to analyze recent studies and experimental results concerning aberrant expression profiles of miR, which target components of the signaling pathways Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt, EGFR, TGFb, HIF1a in glioma/glioblastoma. Particularly, the interactions of miR with targets of 2-hydroxyglutarate (the product of mutant isocytrate dehydrogenase, R132H IDH1, which is specific for the glioma pathogenesis) have been considered in the present review. Detecting specific miRNAs in tissue and serum may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for glioma, as well as for predicting treatment response of an individual patient, and potentially serving as a mechanism for creating personalized treatment strategies
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Affiliation(s)
- O.I. Kit
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | | | - E.E. Rostorguev
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - D.H. Porksheyan
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - S.B. Panina
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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50
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Cheng W, Ren X, Cai J, Zhang C, Li M, Wang K, Liu Y, Han S, Wu A. A five-miRNA signature with prognostic and predictive value for MGMT promoter-methylated glioblastoma patients. Oncotarget 2016; 6:29285-95. [PMID: 26320189 PMCID: PMC4745726 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status is an important marker for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), there is considerable variability in the clinical outcome of patients with similar methylation profiles. The present study aimed to refine the prognostic and predictive value of MGMT promoter status in GBM by identifying a micro (mi)RNA risk signature. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas was used for this study, with MGMT promoter-methylated samples randomly divided into training and internal validation sets. Data from The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas was used for independent validation. A five miRNA-based risk signature was established for MGMT promoter-methylated GBM to distinguish cases as high- or low-risk with distinct prognoses, which was confirmed using internal and external validation sets. Importantly, the prognostic value of the signature was significant in different cohorts stratified by clinicopathologic factors and alkylating chemotherapy, and a multivariate Cox analysis found it to be an independent prognostic marker along with age and chemotherapy. Based on these three factors, we developed a quantitative model with greater accuracy for predicting the 1-year survival of patients with MGMT promoter-methylated GBM. These results indicate that the five-miRNA signature is an independent risk predictor for GBM with MGMT promoter methylation and can be used to identify patients at high risk of unfavorable outcome and resistant to alkylating chemotherapy, underscoring its potential for personalized GBM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiufang Ren
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuanyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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