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de Haan LR, van Golen RF, Heger M. Molecular Pathways Governing the Termination of Liver Regeneration. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:500-558. [PMID: 38697856 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver has the unique capacity to regenerate, and up to 70% of the liver can be removed without detrimental consequences to the organism. Liver regeneration is a complex process involving multiple signaling networks and organs. Liver regeneration proceeds through three phases: the initiation phase, the growth phase, and the termination phase. Termination of liver regeneration occurs when the liver reaches a liver-to-body weight that is required for homeostasis, the so-called "hepatostat." The initiation and growth phases have been the subject of many studies. The molecular pathways that govern the termination phase, however, remain to be fully elucidated. This review summarizes the pathways and molecules that signal the cessation of liver regrowth after partial hepatectomy and answers the question, "What factors drive the hepatostat?" SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Unraveling the pathways underlying the cessation of liver regeneration enables the identification of druggable targets that will allow us to gain pharmacological control over liver regeneration. For these purposes, it would be useful to understand why the regenerative capacity of the liver is hampered under certain pathological circumstances so as to artificially modulate the regenerative processes (e.g., by blocking the cessation pathways) to improve clinical outcomes and safeguard the patient's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne R de Haan
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China (L.R.d.H., M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands (L.R.d.H.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.F.v.G.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.); and Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.)
| | - Rowan F van Golen
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China (L.R.d.H., M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands (L.R.d.H.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.F.v.G.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.); and Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.)
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China (L.R.d.H., M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands (L.R.d.H.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.F.v.G.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.); and Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.)
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Li Y, Wang S, Li G, Gao C, Cui Z, Cong M, Hu J, Zhang M, Jin X, Sun H, Kong D. The RNA-binding protein RBMS3 inhibits the progression of colon cancer by regulating the stability of LIMS1 mRNA. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7129. [PMID: 38618967 PMCID: PMC11017296 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RNA-binding motif single-stranded interacting protein 3 (RBMS3) is a constituent of the RNA-binding motif (RBM) protein family, which assumes a pivotal role in governing cellular biogenesis processes such as the cell cycle and apoptosis. Despite an abundance of studies elucidating RBMS3's divergent roles in the genesis and advancement of various tumors, its involvement in colon cancer remains enigmatic. METHODS The present investigation employed data analysis from TCGA and GTEx to unveil that RBMS3 expression demonstrated a diminished presence in colon cancer tissues when juxtaposed with normal colon tissues. The effect of RBMS3 and LIM zinc finger domain 1 (LIMS1) on colon cancer was substantiated via animal models and cellular experiments. The connection between RBMS3 and LIM zinc finger domain 1 (LIMS1) was verified by molecular biology methods. RESULTS The study conclusively ascertained that augmenting RBMS3 expression quells the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells. Furthermore, the inquiry unveiled a plausible mechanism through which RBMS3 impacts the expression of LIMS1 by modulating its mRNA stability. The investigation ascertained that RBMS3 inhibits the progression of colon cancer by regulating LIMS1. The inhibitory function of LIMS1 and RBMS3 is closely intertwined in colon cancer, with knocking down LIMS1 being able to rescue the inhibitory effect of RBMS3 overexpression on the functionality of colon cancer cell CONCLUSIONS: The discernments delineate RBMS3 as a novel suppressor of cancer via LIMS1, thereby bestowing fresh therapeutic possibilities and illuminating the intricacies of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Li
- Department of PathologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Shuoshuo Wang
- Department of PathologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Guoli Li
- Department of Anus and Intestine SurgeryChifeng Municipal HospitalChifengChina
| | - Chunyang Gao
- Department of AnatomyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zihan Cui
- Department of PathologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Mingqi Cong
- Department of PathologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jie Hu
- Central Operating DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of OncologyChifeng Municipal HospitalChifengChina
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Department of PathologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Haiying Sun
- Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation CenterBeijing Rehabilitation Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Gastroenterology DepartmentFirst Hospital of DandongDandongChina
| | - Dan Kong
- Department of GynaecologyTumor Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
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Christou C, Christodoulou MI, Zaravinos A, Gkretsi V. Ras suppressor 1 long form (RSU1L) silencing promotes apoptosis in invasive breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110522. [PMID: 36375714 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ras Suppressor-1 (RSU1) is a cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein implicated in breast cancer (BC) cell metastasis. Nevertheless, its role in apoptosis is yet unknown. In the present study, we used bioinformatics tools to evaluate the association of RSU1 expression and BC patient survival, the expression of basic pro- and anti-apoptotic genes in metastatic BC samples and their correlation with the expression of RSU1. Then, we specifically depleted RSU1 long form (RSU1L) using a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) silencing approach in two BC cell lines, the non-invasive MCF-7 and the highly invasive MDA-MB-231-LM2 cells and assessed gene expression of pro-and anti-apoptotic genes, as well as cell survival and apoptosis. Our results showed that high RSU1 expression was correlated with poor survival and significant changes were found in the expression of apoptosis-related genes (PUMA, TP53, BCL-2 and BCL-XL) in metastatic BC. Moreover, silencing of the long and most common isoform of RSU1 (RSU1L) resulted in the upregulation of PUMA and TP53 and concomitant downregulation of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 and BCL-XL, with the effect being more prominent in invasive MDA-MB-231-LM2 cells. Finally, RSU1L depletion leads to a dramatic increase in apoptosis of MDA-MB-231-LM2 cells, while no change was observed in the apoptotic rate of MCF-7 cells. This is the first study linking RSU1L with apoptosis and provides evidence for its differential role in cell lines of different invasive potential. This indicates that RSU1L represses apoptosis in aggressive BC cells helping them evade cell death and survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Christou
- Cancer Metastasis and Adhesion Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Maria-Ioanna Christodoulou
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Tumor Immunology and Biomarkers Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Vasiliki Gkretsi
- Cancer Metastasis and Adhesion Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Nicosia, Cyprus; Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Prognostic Value of an Integrin-Based Signature in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Identification of Immunological Role of LIMS2. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7356297. [PMID: 36212176 PMCID: PMC9537015 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7356297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Evidence proves that integrins affect almost every step of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. The current study aimed at constructing an integrin-based signature for prognostic prediction of HCC. Methods TCGA-LIHC and ICGC-LIRI-JP cohorts were retrospectively analyzed. Integrin genes were analyzed via univariate Cox regression, followed by generation of a prognostic signature with LASSO approach. Independent factors were input into the nomogram. WGCNA was adopted to select this signature-specific genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment together with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were conducted to explore the function of the dysregulated genes. The abundance of tumor microenvironment components was estimated with diverse popular computational methods. The relative importance of genes from this signature was estimated through random-forest method. Results Eight integrin genes (ADAM15, CDC42, DAB2, ITGB1BP1, ITGB5, KIF14, LIMS2, and SELP) were adopted to define an integrin-based signature. Each patient was assigned the riskScore. High-riskScore subpopulation exhibited worse overall survival, with satisfying prediction efficacy. Also, the integrin-based signature was independent of routine clinicopathological parameters. The nomogram (comprising integrin-based signature, and stage) accurately inferred prognostic outcome, with the excellent net benefit. Genes with the strongest positive interaction to low-riskScore were primarily linked to biosynthetic, metabolic, and catabolic processes and immune pathways; those with the strongest association with high-riskScore were principally associated with diverse tumorigenic signaling. The integrin-based signature was strongly linked with tumor microenvironment components. Among the genes from this signature, LIMS2 possessed the highest importance, and its expression was proven through immunohistochemical staining. Conclusion Altogether, our study defined a quantitative integrin-based signature that reliably assessed HCC prognosis and tumor microenvironment features, which possessed the potential as a tool for prognostic prediction.
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Chen L, Zhang D, Zheng S, Li X, Gao P. Stemness analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma identifies an extracellular matrix gene–related signature associated with prognosis and therapy response. Front Genet 2022; 13:959834. [PMID: 36110210 PMCID: PMC9468756 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.959834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor stemness is the stem-like phenotype of cancer cells, as a hallmark for multiple processes in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, comprehensive functions of the regulators of tumor cell’s stemness in HCC remain unclear.Methods: Gene expression data and clinical information of HCC samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset as the training set, and three validation datasets were derived from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). Patients were dichotomized according to median mRNA expression–based stemness index (mRNAsi) scores, and differentially expressed genes were further screened out. Functional enrichment analysis of these DEGs was performed to identify candidate extracellular matrix (ECM)–related genes in key pathways. A prognostic signature was constructed by applying least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to the candidate ECM genes. The Kaplan–Meier curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the signature. Correlations between signatures and genomic profiles, tumor immune microenvironment, and treatment response were also explored using multiple bioinformatic methods.Results: A prognostic prediction signature was established based on 10 ECM genes, including TRAPPC4, RSU1, ILK, LAMA1, LAMB1, FLNC, ITGAV, AGRN, ARHGEF6, and LIMS2, which could effectively distinguish patients with different outcomes in the training and validation sets, showing a good prognostic prediction ability. Across different clinicopathological parameter stratifications, the ECMs signature still retains its robust efficacy in discriminating patient with different outcomes. Based on the risk score, vascular invasion, α-fetoprotein (AFP), T stage, and N stage, we further constructed a nomogram (C-index = 0.70; AUCs at 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival = 0.71, 0.75, and 0.78), which is more practical for clinical prognostic risk stratification. The infiltration abundance of macrophages M0, mast cells, and Treg cells was significantly higher in the high-risk group, which also had upregulated levels of immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4. More importantly, the ECMs signature was able to distinguish patients with superior responses to immunotherapy, transarterial chemoembolization, and sorafenib.Conclusion: In this study, we constructed an ECM signature, which is an independent prognostic biomarker for HCC patients and has a potential guiding role in treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dafang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengmin Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengji Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Pengji Gao,
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Hu H, Huang W, Zhang H, Li J, Zhang Q, Miao YR, Hu FF, Gan L, Su Z, Yang X, Guo AY. A miR-9-5p/FOXO1/CPEB3 Feed-Forward Loop Drives the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132116. [PMID: 35805200 PMCID: PMC9265408 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, but its regulatory mechanism remains unclear and potential clinical biomarkers are still lacking. Co-regulation of TFs and miRNAs in HCC and FFL module studies may help to identify more precise and critical driver modules in HCC development. Here, we performed a comprehensive gene expression and regulation analysis for HCC in vitro and in vivo. Transcription factor and miRNA co-regulatory networks for differentially expressed genes between tumors and adjacent tissues revealed the critical feed-forward loop (FFL) regulatory module miR-9-5p/FOXO1/CPEB3 in HCC. Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that miR-9-5p promotes HCC tumor proliferation, while FOXO1 and CPEB3 inhibit hepatocarcinoma growth. Furthermore, by luciferase reporter assay and ChIP-Seq data, CPEB3 was for the first time identified as a direct downstream target of FOXO1, negatively regulated by miR-9-5p. The miR-9-5p/FOXO1/CPEB3 FFL was associated with poor prognosis, and promoted cell growth and tumor progression of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Our study identified for the first time the existence of miR-9-5p/FOXO1/CPEB3 FFL and revealed its regulatory role in HCC progression, which may represent a new potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (H.H.); (Q.Z.); (Y.-R.M.); (F.-F.H.)
| | - Wei Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.H.); (J.L.); (L.G.)
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan 430060, China;
| | - Jianye Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.H.); (J.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (H.H.); (Q.Z.); (Y.-R.M.); (F.-F.H.)
| | - Ya-Ru Miao
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (H.H.); (Q.Z.); (Y.-R.M.); (F.-F.H.)
| | - Fei-Fei Hu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (H.H.); (Q.Z.); (Y.-R.M.); (F.-F.H.)
| | - Lu Gan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.H.); (J.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Zhenhong Su
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Medical College, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435000, China;
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.H.); (J.L.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (A.-Y.G.)
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (H.H.); (Q.Z.); (Y.-R.M.); (F.-F.H.)
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (A.-Y.G.)
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Geramoutsou C, Nikou S, Karavias D, Arbi M, Tavlas P, Tzelepi V, Lygerou Z, Maroulis I, Bravou V. Focal adhesion proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma: RSU1 a novel tumour suppressor with prognostic significance. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 235:153950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nikou S, Arbi M, Dimitrakopoulos FID, Kalogeropoulou A, Geramoutsou C, Zolota V, Kalofonos HP, Taraviras S, Lygerou Z, Bravou V. Ras suppressor-1 (RSU1) exerts a tumor suppressive role with prognostic significance in lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00847-8. [PMID: 35729367 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ras suppressor-1 (RSU1), originally described as a suppressor of Ras oncogenic transformation, localizes to focal adhesions interacting with the ILK-PINCH-PARVIN (IPP) complex that exerts a well-established oncogenic role in cancer. However, RSU1 implication in lung cancer is currently unknown. Our study aims to address the role of RSU1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUADC). We here show that RSU1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry is downregulated in LUADC human tissue samples and represents a significant prognostic indicator. In silico analysis of gene chip and RNA seq data validated our findings. Depletion of RSU1 by siRNA in lung cancer cells promotes anchorage-independent cell growth, cell motility and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Silencing of RSU1 also alters IPP complex expression in lung cancer cells. The p29 RSU1 truncated isoform is detected in lung cancer cells, and its expression is downregulated upon RSU1 silencing, whereas it is overexpressed upon ILK overexpression. These findings suggest that RSU1 exerts a tumor suppressive role with prognostic significance in LUADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Nikou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Marina Arbi
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Foteinos-Ioannis D Dimitrakopoulos
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Argiro Kalogeropoulou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Christina Geramoutsou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Zolota
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.,Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Haralabos P Kalofonos
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504, Rio Patras, Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
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Yang S, Wang L, Gu L, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang Y. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate cervical cancer by delivering miR-331-3p to reduce LIMS2 methylation in tumor cells. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3829-3845. [PMID: 35708510 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is to investigate if extracellular vesicles (EVs) from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) deliver miR-331-3p to regulate LIMS2 methylation in cervical cancer cells. Cervical cancer cells were incubated with EVs from BMSCs with altered expression of miR-331-3p, DNMT3A or/and LIMS2 and then subjected to EdU, Transwell, flow cytometry and Western blotting analyses. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify the binding between miR-331-3p and DNMT3A. A xenograft model was established to evaluate the effect of BMSC-derived EV-miR-331-3p on cervical tumor growth. miR-331-3p was lowly and DNMT3A was highly expressed in cervical cancer. BMSC-derived EVs delivered miR-331-3p to control the behaviors of cervical cancer cells. miR-331-3p inhibited the expression of DNMT3A by binding DNMT3A mRNA. DNMT3A promoted LIMS2 methylation and reduced the expression of LIMS2. Overexpression of DNMT3A or silencing of LIMS2 in BMSCs counteracted the tumor suppressive effects of miR-331-3p. BMSC-derived EV-miR-331-3p also inhibited the growth of cervical tumors in vivo. BMSC-derived EVs alleviate cervical cancer partially by delivering miR-331-3p to reduce DNMT3A-dependent LIMS2 methylation in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Lina Gu
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Jianan Wang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yunyan Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
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Gao H, Zhong Y, Ding Z, Lin S, Hou X, Tang W, Zhou X, Zou X, Shao J, Yang F, Bai X, Liu C, Cao H, Xiao G. Pinch Loss Ameliorates Obesity, Glucose Intolerance, and Fatty Liver by Modulating Adipocyte Apoptosis in Mice. Diabetes 2021; 70:2492-2505. [PMID: 34380695 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian focal adhesion proteins Pinch1/2 activate integrins and promote cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and migration; however, their roles in adipose tissue and metabolism are unclear. Here we find that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding dramatically increases expression of Pinch1/2 proteins in white adipose tissue (WAT) in mice. Furthermore, expression of Pinch1 is largely upregulated in WAT in leptin-deficient ob/ob type 2 diabetic mice and obese humans. While mice with loss of Pinch1 in adipocytes or global Pinch2 do not display any notable phenotypes, deleting Pinch1 in adipocytes and Pinch2 globally significantly decreases body weight and WAT mass, but not brown adipose tissue mass, in HFD-fed, but not normal chow diet-fed, mice. Pinch loss ameliorates HFD-induced glucose intolerance and fatty liver. After HFD challenge, Pinch loss slightly but significantly accelerates energy expenditure. While Pinch loss decreases adipocyte size and alters adipocyte size distribution, it greatly accelerates cell apoptosis primarily in epididymal WAT and to a lesser extent in subcutaneous WAT. In vitro studies demonstrate that Pinch loss accelerates adipocyte apoptosis by activating the Bim/Caspase-8 pathway. In vivo, genetic ablation of Caspase-8 expression in adipocytes essentially abolishes the ameliorating effects of Pinch deficiency on obesity, glucose intolerance, and fatty liver in mice. Thus, we demonstrate a previously unknown function of Pinch in control of adipose mass, glucose, and fat metabolism via modulation of adipocyte apoptosis. We may define a novel target for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqing Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sixiong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanze Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Shao
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Huiling Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Hasanpour Segherlou Z, Nouri-Vaskeh M, Noroozi Guilandehi S, Baghbanzadeh A, Zand R, Baradaran B, Zarei M. GDF-15: Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance in glioblastoma multiforme. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5564-5581. [PMID: 33580506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the commonest primary malignant brain tumor and has a remarkably weak prognosis. According to the aggressive form of GBM, understanding the accurate molecular mechanism associated with GBM pathogenesis is essential. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) belongs to transforming growth factor-β superfamily with important roles to control biological processes. It affects cancer growth and progression, drug resistance, and metastasis. It also can promote stemness in many cancers, and also can stress reactions control, bone generation, hematopoietic growth, adipose tissue performance, and body growth, and contributes to cardiovascular disorders. The role GDF-15 to develop and progress cancer is complicated and remains unclear. GDF-15 possesses tumor suppressor properties, as well as an oncogenic effect. GDF-15 antitumorigenic and protumorigenic impacts on tumor development are linked to the cancer type and stage. However, the GDF-15 signaling and mechanism have not yet been completely identified because of no recognized cognate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Nouri-Vaskeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Zand
- Department of Neurology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Liver regeneration: biological and pathological mechanisms and implications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:40-55. [PMID: 32764740 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the only solid organ that uses regenerative mechanisms to ensure that the liver-to-bodyweight ratio is always at 100% of what is required for body homeostasis. Other solid organs (such as the lungs, kidneys and pancreas) adjust to tissue loss but do not return to 100% of normal. The current state of knowledge of the regenerative pathways that underlie this 'hepatostat' will be presented in this Review. Liver regeneration from acute injury is always beneficial and has been extensively studied. Experimental models that involve partial hepatectomy or chemical injury have revealed extracellular and intracellular signalling pathways that are used to return the liver to equivalent size and weight to those prior to injury. On the other hand, chronic loss of hepatocytes, which can occur in chronic liver disease of any aetiology, often has adverse consequences, including fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver neoplasia. The regenerative activities of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes are typically characterized by phenotypic fidelity. However, when regeneration of one of the two cell types fails, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes function as facultative stem cells and transdifferentiate into each other to restore normal liver structure. Liver recolonization models have demonstrated that hepatocytes have an unlimited regenerative capacity. However, in normal liver, cell turnover is very slow. All zones of the resting liver lobules have been equally implicated in the maintenance of hepatocyte and cholangiocyte populations in normal liver.
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13
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Wang M, Liu J, Tu Y, Zhao Z, Qu J, Chen K, Chen Y, Sun Y, Zhao H, Deng Y, Wu C. RSU-1 interaction with prohibitin-2 links cell-extracellular matrix detachment to downregulation of ERK signaling. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100109. [PMID: 33853759 PMCID: PMC7948471 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) detachment is known to decrease extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, an intracellular pathway that is central for control of cell behavior. How cell–ECM detachment is linked to downregulation of ERK signaling, however, is incompletely understood. We show here that focal adhesion protein Ras Suppressor 1 (RSU1) plays a critical role in cell–ECM detachment induced suppression of ERK signaling. We have identified prohibitin 2 (PHB2), a component of membrane lipid rafts, as a novel binding protein of RSU1, and mapped a major RSU1-binding site to PHB2 amino acids 150 to 206 in the C-terminal region of the PHB/SPFH (stomatin/prohibitin/flotillin/HflKC) domain. The PHB2 binding is mediated by multiple sites located in the N-terminal leucine-rich repeat region of RSU1. Depletion of PHB2 suppressed cell–ECM adhesion–induced ERK activation. Furthermore, cell–ECM detachment increased RSU1 association with membrane lipid rafts and interaction with PHB2. Finally, knockout of RSU1 or inhibition of RSU1 interaction with PHB2 by overexpression of the major RSU1-binding PHB2 fragment (amino acids 150–206) effectively suppressed the cell–ECM detachment induced downregulation of ERK signaling. Additionally, expression of venus-tagged wild-type RSU1 restored ERK signaling, while expression of venus-tagged PHB2-binding defective RSU1 mutant in which the N-terminal leucine-rich repeat region is deleted did not. Taken together, Our findings identify a novel RSU1-PHB2 signaling axis that senses cell–ECM detachment and links it to decreased ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yizeng Tu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; The Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jingjing Qu
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ka Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yonglong Chen
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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14
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Ras Suppressor-1 (RSU1) in Cancer Cell Metastasis: A Tale of a Tumor Suppressor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114076. [PMID: 32517326 PMCID: PMC7312364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. It has a strong genetic background, as mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes contribute to the initiation of cancer development. Integrin signaling as well as the signaling pathway of Ras oncogene, have been long implicated both in carcinogenesis and disease progression. Moreover, they have been involved in the promotion of metastasis, which accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths. Ras Suppressor-1 (RSU1) was identified as a suppressor of Ras-induced transformation and was shown to localize to cell-extracellular matrix adhesions. Recent findings indicate that its expression is elevated in various cancer types, while its role in regulating metastasis-related cellular processes remains largely unknown. Interestingly, there is no in vivo work in the field to date, and thus, all relevant knowledge stems from in vitro studies. In this review, we summarize recent studies using breast, liver and brain cancer cell lines and highlight the role of RSU1 in regulating cancer cell invasion.
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15
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Louca M, Gkretsi V, Stylianopoulos T. Coordinated Expression of Ras Suppressor 1 (RSU-1) and Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) Affects Glioma Cell Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081159. [PMID: 31412547 PMCID: PMC6721804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor due to its invasive phenotype. Ras suppressor 1 (RSU-1) is a cell-extracellular matrix adhesion protein and we recently found that it promotes cell invasion in aggressive cells and inhibits it in non-invasive. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is known to be involved in actin cytoskeleton reorganization and metastasis. In this study, we used three brain cell lines (H4, SW1088 and A172) with increasing RSU-1 expression levels and invasive capacity and decreasing GDF15 levels to investigate the interplay between RSU-1 and GDF15 with regard to cell invasion. Four experimental approaches were used: (a) GDF15 treatment, (b) Rsu-1 silencing, (c) GDF15 silencing, and (d) combined GDF15 treatment and RSU-1 silencing. We found that the differential expression of RSU-1 and GDF15 in H4 and A172 cells leading to inhibition of cell invasion in H4 cells and promotion in A172 through respective changes in PINCH1, RhoA and MMP-13 expression. Interestingly SW1088, with intermediate RSU-1 and GDF15 expression, were not affected by any treatment. We conclude that there is a strong connection between RSU-1 and GDF15 in H4, SW1088 and A172 cells and the relative expression of these two proteins is fundamental in affecting their invasive fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Louca
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vasiliki Gkretsi
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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16
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Gkretsi V, Kalli M, Efstathiades C, Papageorgis P, Papanikolaou V, Zacharia LC, Tsezou A, Athanassiou E, Stylianopoulos T. Depletion of Ras Suppressor-1 (RSU-1) promotes cell invasion of breast cancer cells through a compensatory upregulation of a truncated isoform. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10050. [PMID: 31296919 PMCID: PMC6624310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM)-adhesion proteins and actin cytoskeleton are pivotal in cancer cell invasion. Ras Suppressor-1 (RSU-1), a cell-ECM adhesion protein that interacts with PINCH-1, thus being connected to Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK), alpha-parvin (PARVA), and actin cytoskeleton, is up-regulated in metastatic breast cancer (BC) samples. Apart from the originally-identified gene (RSU-1L), an alternatively-spliced isoform (RSU-1-X1) has been reported. We used non-invasive MCF-7 cells, expressing only RSU-1L, and highly invasive MDA-MB-231-LM2 expressing both isoforms and generated stable shRNA-transduced cells lacking RSU-1L, while the truncated RSU-1-X1 isoform was depleted by siRNA-mediated silencing. RSU-1L depletion in MCF-7 cells resulted in complete abrogation of tumor spheroid invasion in three-dimensional collagen gels, whereas it promoted MDA-MB-231-LM2 invasion, through a compensatory upregulation of RSU-1-X1. When RSU-1-X1 was also eliminated, RSU-1L-depletion-induced migration and invasion were drastically reduced being accompanied by reduced urokinase plasminogen activator expression. Protein expression analysis in 23 human BC samples corroborated our findings showing RSU-1L to be upregulated and RSU-1-X1 downregulated in metastatic samples. We demonstrate for the first time, that both RSU-1 isoforms promote invasion in vitro while RSU-1L elimination induces RSU-1-X1 upregulation to compensate for the loss. Hence, we propose that both isoforms should be blocked to effectively eliminate metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Gkretsi
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. .,Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Maria Kalli
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christodoulos Efstathiades
- The Center for Risk and Decision Sciences (CERIDES), Department of Computer Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panagiotis Papageorgis
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Biological Sciences Program, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vassilios Papanikolaou
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Lefteris C Zacharia
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Aspasia Tsezou
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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17
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Ras suppressor-1 (RSU-1) promotes cell invasion in aggressive glioma cells and inhibits it in non-aggressive cells through STAT6 phospho-regulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7782. [PMID: 31123330 PMCID: PMC6533309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most gliomas are invasive tumors formed from glial cells and associated with high mortality rates. In this study, we characterized four glioma cell lines of varying degree of aggressiveness (H4, SW1088, A172 and U87-MG) in terms of morphology, cytoskeleton organization and stiffness, and evaluated their invasive potential by performing invasion, colony forming and spheroid invasion assays. Cells were divided into two distinct groups: aggressive cell lines (A172 and U87-MG) with more elongated, softer and highly invasive cells and less aggressive cells (H4 and SW088). Interestingly, we found that Ras Suppressor-1 (RSU-1), a cell-matrix adhesion protein involved in cancer cell invasion, was significantly upregulated in more aggressive glioma cells compared to less aggressive. Importantly, RSU-1 silencing had opposing effects on glioma cell invasion depending on their aggressiveness, inhibiting migration and invasion of aggressive cells and promoting those of less aggressive cells. Finally, we found that RSU-1 silencing in aggressive cells led to decreased Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription6 (STAT6) phosphorylation and Matrix Metalloproteinase13 (MMP13) expression in contrast to less invasive cells. Our study demonstrates that RSU-1 promotes invasion of aggressive glioma cells and inhibits it in the non-aggressive cells, indicating that it could serve as a predictor of gliomas progression.
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18
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Zacharia LC, Stylianopoulos T, Gkretsi V. Ras Suppressor-1 (RSU-1) in Cancer Cell Metastasis: Friend or Foe? Crit Rev Oncog 2019; 22:249-253. [PMID: 29604901 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2018024231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis to distant organs and not the primary tumor itself is usually the cause of death for cancer patients. Hence, studying the key molecules and molecular pathways involved in metastasis are essential. Metastasis is a complex process in which cancer cells detach from the original tumor, migrate, and invade through surrounding tissues and metastasize to other sites of the body through the circulation. The cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion proteins play a fundamental role in this process as cancer cells need to weaken their adhesions to dissociate from the ECM as well as the neighboring cells within the tumor and finally form new adhesions and invade surrounding tissues. Ras suppressor-1 (RSU-1) was originally identified as a suppressor of Ras-dependent oncogenic transformation and found to be localized to cell-ECM adhesions where it binds to PINCH-1, a focal adhesion involved in cell survival. Although RSU-1 was connected to cancer early on, little is known about its expression in various cancer types or its role in metastasis. In this article, we review the recent literature regarding the expression of RSU-1 in various cancer types and its potential role in metastasis, discussing interesting findings and issues that still need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefteris C Zacharia
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Vasiliki Gkretsi
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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19
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Rsu1-dependent control of PTEN expression is regulated via ATF2 and cJun. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:331-341. [PMID: 30680530 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-00504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rsu1 protein contributes to cell adhesion and migration via its association with the adaptor complex of Integrin linked kinase (ILK), PINCH, and Parvin (IPP), which binds to the cytoplasmic domain of β1 integrins joining integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. Rsu1 binding to PINCH in the IPP complex is required for EGF-induced adhesion, spreading and migration in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells. In addition, Rsu1 expression inhibits Jun kinase but is necessary for the activation of MKK4 and p38 Map kinase signaling essential for migration in MCF10A cells. The data reported here examines the links between MKK4-p38-ATF2 signaling and AKT regulation in MCF10A cells. Ectopic Rsu1 inhibited AKT1 phosphorylation while Rsu1 depletion induced AKT activation and AKT1 phosphorylation of MKK4 on serine 80, blocking MKK4 activity. Rsu1 depletion also reduced the RNA for lipid phosphatase PTEN thus implicating PTEN in modulating levels of activated AKT in these conditions. ChIP analysis of the PTEN promoter revealed that Rsu1 depletion prevented binding of ATF2 to a positive regulatory site in the PTEN promoter and the enhanced binding of cJun to a negatively regulatory PTEN promoter site. These results demonstrate a mechanism by which Rsu1 adhesion signaling alters the balance between MKK4-p38-ATF2 and cJun activation thus altering PTEN expression in MCF10A cells.
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20
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Inhibition of Breast Cancer Cell Invasion by Ras Suppressor-1 (RSU-1) Silencing Is Reversed by Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010163. [PMID: 30621163 PMCID: PMC6337329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM)-related adhesion proteins are important in metastasis. Ras suppressor-1 (RSU-1), a suppressor of Ras-transformation, is localized to cell–ECM adhesions where it interacts with the Particularly Interesting New Cysteine-Histidine rich protein (PINCH-1), being connected to Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK) and alpha-parvin (PARVA), a direct actin-binding protein. RSU-1 was also found upregulated in metastatic breast cancer (BC) samples and was recently demonstrated to have metastasis-promoting properties. In the present study, we transiently silenced RSU-1 in BC cells, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. We found that RSU-1 silencing leads to downregulation of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15), which has been associated with both actin cytoskeleton reorganization and metastasis. RSU-1 silencing also reduced the mRNA expression of PINCH-1 and cell division control protein-42 (Cdc42), while increasing that of ILK and Rac regardless of the presence of GDF-15. However, the downregulation of actin-modulating genes PARVA, RhoA, Rho associated kinase-1 (ROCK-1), and Fascin-1 following RSU-1 depletion was completely reversed by GDF-15 treatment in both cell lines. Moreover, complete rescue of the inhibitory effect of RSU-1 silencing on cell invasion was achieved by GDF-15 treatment, which also correlated with matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. Finally, using a graph clustering approach, we corroborated our findings. This is the first study providing evidence of a functional association between RSU-1 and GDF-15 with regard to cancer cell invasion.
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21
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Li W, Ma L, Tian C. Overexpression of particularly interesting new cys-his rich protein (PINCH) is a risk factor for growth of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:2636-2641. [PMID: 31938378 PMCID: PMC6958234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Particularly interesting new cys-his rich protein (PINCH), as an adaptor protein, regulates matrix deposition, cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. PINCH plays an important role for tumorigenesis and progression. However, the contributions of PINCH to intracranial aneurysms (IA) remain largely unknown. In our study, we demonstrated that PINCH expression was significantly increased in IA samples compared with healthy controls. The size of IA had a remarkable correlation with PINCH expression. However, PINCH expression had no obvious difference among different Hunt-Hess grades. In addition, the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly increased in IA tissues compared with healthy controls; moreover, PINCH expression in IA tissues was significantly correlated with MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. In conclusion, these results suggest that PINCH might play a role similar to MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of IA. PINCH might be a risk factor for growth of unruptured IA, and this might be a target for diagnosis and therapy of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Tianjin Huanhu HospitalTianjin 300350, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu HospitalTianjin 300350, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Huanhu HospitalTianjin 300350, China
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22
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Gkretsi V, Stylianou A, Louca M, Stylianopoulos T. Identification of Ras suppressor-1 (RSU-1) as a potential breast cancer metastasis biomarker using a three-dimensional in vitro approach. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27364-27379. [PMID: 28423706 PMCID: PMC5432341 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant disease in women, with most patients dying from metastasis to distant organs, making discovery of novel metastasis biomarkers and therapeutic targets imperative. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-related adhesion proteins as well as tumor matrix stiffness are important determinants for metastasis. As traditional two-dimensional culture does not take into account ECM stiffness, we employed 3-dimensional collagen I gels of increasing concentration and stiffness to embed BC cells of different invasiveness (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231-LM2) or tumor spheroids. We tested the expression of cell-ECM adhesion proteins and found that Ras Suppressor-1 (RSU-1) is significantly upregulated in increased stiffness conditions. Interestingly, RSU-1 siRNA-mediated silencing inhibited Urokinase Plasminogen Activator, and metalloproteinase-13, whereas tumor spheroids formed from RSU-1-depleted cells lost their invasive capacity in all cell lines and stiffness conditions. Kaplan-Meier survival plot analysis corroborated our findings showing that high RSU-1 expression is associated with poor prognosis for distant metastasis-free and remission-free survival in BC patients. Taken together, our results indicate the important role of RSU-1 in BC metastasis and set the foundations for its validation as potential BC metastasis marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Gkretsi
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Stylianou
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Louca
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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23
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Volckaert T, Yuan T, Chao CM, Bell H, Sitaula A, Szimmtenings L, El Agha E, Chanda D, Majka S, Bellusci S, Thannickal VJ, Fässler R, De Langhe SP. Fgf10-Hippo Epithelial-Mesenchymal Crosstalk Maintains and Recruits Lung Basal Stem Cells. Dev Cell 2017; 43:48-59.e5. [PMID: 29017029 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The lung harbors its basal stem/progenitor cells (BSCs) in the protected environment of the cartilaginous airways. After major lung injuries, BSCs are activated and recruited to sites of injury. Here, we show that during homeostasis, BSCs in cartilaginous airways maintain their stem cell state by downregulating the Hippo pathway (resulting in increased nuclear Yap), which generates a localized Fgf10-expressing stromal niche; in contrast, differentiated epithelial cells in non-cartilaginous airways maintain quiescence by activating the Hippo pathway and inhibiting Fgf10 expression in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). However, upon injury, surviving differentiated epithelial cells spread to maintain barrier function and recruit integrin-linked kinase to adhesion sites, which leads to Merlin degradation, downregulation of the Hippo pathway, nuclear Yap translocation, and expression and secretion of Wnt7b. Epithelial-derived Wnt7b, then in turn, induces Fgf10 expression in ASMCs, which extends the BSC niche to promote regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volckaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Harold Bell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Alina Sitaula
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Luisa Szimmtenings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Elie El Agha
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Diptiman Chanda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Susan Majka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stijn P De Langhe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA; Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Preventing Illegitimate Extrasynaptic Acetylcholine Receptor Clustering Requires the RSU-1 Protein. J Neurosci 2017; 36:6525-37. [PMID: 27307240 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3733-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diffuse extrasynaptic neurotransmitter receptors constitute an abundant pool of receptors that can be recruited to modulate synaptic strength. Whether the diffuse distribution of receptors in extrasynaptic membranes is a default state or is actively controlled remains essentially unknown. Here we show that RSU-1 (Ras Suppressor-1) is required for the proper distribution of extrasynaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in Caenorhabditis elegans muscle cells. RSU-1 is an evolutionary conserved cytoplasmic protein that contains multiple leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and interacts with integrin-dependent adhesion complexes. In rsu-1 mutants, neuromuscular junctions differentiate as in the wild type, but AChRs assemble into ectopic clusters that progressively enlarge during development. As a consequence, the synaptic content of AChRs is reduced. Our study provides the first evidence that an RSU-1-dependent active mechanism maintains extrasynaptic receptors dispersed and indirectly regulates synapse maturation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Using Caenorhabditis elegans neuromuscular junction as a model synapse, we uncovered a novel mechanism that regulates the distribution of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). In an unbiased visual screen for mutants with abnormal AChR distribution, we isolated the ras suppressor 1 (rsu-1) mutant based on the presence of large extrasynaptic clusters. We show that disrupting rsu-1 causes spontaneous clustering of extrasynaptic receptors that are normally dispersed, independently of synaptic cues. These clusters outcompete synaptic domains and cause a decrease of synaptic receptor content. These results indicate that the diffuse state of extrasynaptic receptors is not a default state that is simply explained by the lack of synaptic cues but necessitates additional proteins to prevent spontaneous clustering, a concept that is relevant for developmental and pathological situations.
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Phuah NH, Azmi MN, Awang K, Nagoor NH. Suppression of microRNA-629 enhances sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate via regulating RSU1. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1695-1705. [PMID: 28356756 PMCID: PMC5367568 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s117492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent malignancy affecting women worldwide, but drug resistance and toxicities remain a major challenge in chemotherapy. The use of natural compounds is promising because they are less toxic and able to target multiple signaling pathways. The 1′S-1′-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), a natural compound isolated from wild ginger Alpinia conchigera, induced cytotoxicity on various cancer cells including cervical cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that regulate numerous biological processes, such as apoptosis and chemosensitivity. Past studies reported that miR-629 is upregulated in many cancers, and its expression was altered in ACA-treated cervical cancer cells. However, the role of miR-629 in regulating sensitivity toward ACA or other anticancer agents has not been reported. Hence, this study aims to investigate the role of miR-629 in regulating response toward ACA on cervical cancer cells. Methods The miR-629 expression following transfection with miR-629 hairpin inhibitor and hairpin inhibitor negative control was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to investigate sensitivity toward ACA. Apoptosis was detected using Annexin V/propidium iodide and Caspase 3/7 assays. The gene target for miR-629 was identified using miRNA target prediction programs, luciferase reporter assay and Western blots. Gene overexpression studies were performed to evaluate its role in regulating response toward ACA. Results Transfection with miR-629 hairpin inhibitor downregulated its expression in both cervical cancer cell lines. Suppression of miR-629 increased sensitivity toward ACA by reducing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed RSU1 as a direct target of miR-629. Overexpression of miR-629 decreased RSU1 protein expression, while inhibition of miR-629 increased RSU1 protein expression. Overexpression of RSU1 augmented antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of ACA. Conclusion Our findings showed that combination of ACA with miR-629 and RSU1 may provide a potential strategy in treating cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neoh Hun Phuah
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Science (Genetics and Molecular Biology)
| | - Mohamad Nurul Azmi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR)
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR)
| | - Noor Hasima Nagoor
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Science (Genetics and Molecular Biology); Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Xu H, Cao H, Xiao G. Signaling via PINCH: Functions, binding partners and implications in human diseases. Gene 2016; 594:10-15. [PMID: 27590440 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine-rich protein (PINCH) is a LIM-domain-only adaptor that plays important roles in cytoskeletal organization and extracellular matrix adhesion, migration, proliferation and survival. Mammalian cells have two functional PINCH proteins, PINCH1 and PINCH2. PINCH not only binds to Nck2 and engages in the signaling of growth factor receptors, but also forms a ternary complex with ILK and parvin (IPP complex). Normally, the IPP complex locates to focal adhesions participating in the signaling of integrins and mediating the interaction of cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM). Accumulative evidence indicates that abnormalities in PINCH signaling are involved in the pathogenesis of important diseases, such as cancers, renal diseases, cardiomyopathy, and HIV. Therefore, clarifying the functions of PINCH and its interactions with key factors is important for better understanding of signaling events both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Biology and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biology and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biology and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Bhushan B, Edwards G, Desai A, Michalopoulos GK, Apte U. Liver-Specific Deletion of Integrin-Linked Kinase in Mice Attenuates Hepatotoxicity and Improves Liver Regeneration After Acetaminophen Overdose. Gene Expr 2016; 17:35-45. [PMID: 27125733 PMCID: PMC5341619 DOI: 10.3727/105221616x691578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the major cause of acute liver failure in the US. Prompt liver regeneration is critical for recovery after APAP hepatotoxicity, but mechanisms remain elusive. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-mediated signaling via integrin-linked kinase (ILK) regulates liver regeneration after surgical resection. However, the role of ECM signaling via ILK in APAP toxicity and compensatory regeneration is unknown, which was investigated in this study using liver-specific ILK knockout (KO) mice. ILK KO and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with 300 mg/kg APAP, and injury and regeneration were studied at 6 and 24 h after APAP treatment. ILK KO mice developed lower liver injury after APAP overdose, which was associated with decreased JNK activation (a key mediator of APAP toxicity). Further, higher glutathione levels after APAP treatment and lower APAP protein adducts levels, along with lower levels of CYP2E1, suggest decreased metabolic activation of APAP in ILK KO mice. Interestingly, despite lower injury, ILK KO mice had rapid and higher liver regeneration after APAP overdose accompanied with increased β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, liver-specific deletion of ILK improved regeneration, attenuated toxicity after APAP overdose, and decreased metabolic activation of APAP. Our study also indicates that ILK-mediated ECM signaling plays a role in the regulation of CYP2E1 and may affect toxicity of several centrilobular hepatotoxicants including APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhushan
- *Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Genea Edwards
- *Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Aishwarya Desai
- *Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Udayan Apte
- *Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Hlady RA, Tiedemann RL, Puszyk W, Zendejas I, Roberts LR, Choi JH, Liu C, Robertson KD. Epigenetic signatures of alcohol abuse and hepatitis infection during human hepatocarcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9425-43. [PMID: 25294808 PMCID: PMC4253444 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Deregulated DNA methylation landscapes are ubiquitous in human cancers. Interpretation of epigenetic aberrations in HCC is confounded by multiple etiologic drivers and underlying cirrhosis. We globally profiled the DNA methylome of 34 normal and 122 liver disease tissues arising in settings of hepatitis B (HBV) or C (HCV) viral infection, alcoholism (EtOH), and other causes to examine how these environmental agents impact DNA methylation in a manner that contributes to liver disease. Our results demonstrate that each 'exposure' leaves unique and overlapping signatures on the methylome. CpGs aberrantly methylated in cirrhosis-HCV and conserved in HCC were enriched for cancer driver genes, suggesting a pathogenic role for HCV-induced methylation changes. Additionally, large genomic regions displaying stepwise hypermethylation or hypomethylation during disease progression were identified. HCC-HCV/EtOH methylomes overlap highly with cryptogenic HCC, suggesting shared epigenetically deregulated pathways for hepatocarcinogenesis. Finally, overlapping methylation abnormalities between primary and cultured tumors unveil conserved epigenetic signatures in HCC. Taken together, this study reveals profound epigenome deregulation in HCC beginning during cirrhosis and influenced by common environmental agents. These results lay the foundation for defining epigenetic drivers and clinically useful methylation markers for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Hlady
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rochelle L Tiedemann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - William Puszyk
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ivan Zendejas
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Keith D Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Yang J, Cusimano A, Monga JK, Preziosi ME, Pullara F, Calero G, Lang R, Yamaguchi TP, Nejak-Bowen KN, Monga SP. WNT5A inhibits hepatocyte proliferation and concludes β-catenin signaling in liver regeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2194-205. [PMID: 26100214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during liver regeneration (LR) after partial hepatectomy (PH) is observed in several species. However, how this pathway is turned off when hepatocyte proliferation is no longer required is unknown. We assessed LR in liver-specific knockouts of Wntless (Wls-LKO), a protein required for Wnt secretion from a cell. When subjected to PH, Wls-LKO showed prolongation of hepatocyte proliferation for up to 4 days compared with littermate controls. This coincided with increased β-catenin-T-cell factor 4 interaction and cyclin-D1 expression. Wls-LKO showed decreased expression and secretion of inhibitory Wnt5a during LR. Wnt5a expression increased between 24 and 48 hours, and Frizzled-2 between 24 and 72 hours, after PH in normal mice. Treatment of primary mouse hepatocytes and liver tumor cells with Wnt5a led to a notable decrease in β-catenin-T-cell factor activity, cyclin-D1 expression, and cell proliferation. Intriguingly, Wnt5a-LKO did not display any prolongation of LR because of compensation by other cells. In addition, Wnt5a-LKO hepatocytes failed to respond to exogenous Wnt5a treatment in culture because of a compensatory decrease in Frizzled-2 expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate Wnt5a to be, by default, a negative regulator of β-catenin signaling and hepatocyte proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. We also provide evidence that the Wnt5a/Frizzled-2 axis suppresses β-catenin signaling in hepatocytes in an autocrine manner, thereby contributing to timely conclusion of the LR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy; Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology Alberto Monroy, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jappmann K Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Morgan E Preziosi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Filippo Pullara
- Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy; Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Guillermo Calero
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard Lang
- Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Terry P Yamaguchi
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Kari N Nejak-Bowen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Abstract
Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy is the only example of a regenerative process in mammals in which the organ/body weight ratio returns to 100% of the original when the process is complete. The adjustment of liver weight to the needs of the body suggests a complicated set of control points, a 'hepatostat'. There has been much progress in elucidation of mechanisms involved in initiation of liver regeneration. More recent studies have focused on termination pathways, because these may be the underlying controls of the hepatostat and their elimination may be relevant to hepatic neoplasia. When the standard regenerative process is thwarted due to failure of either hepatocytes or biliary epithelial cells to proliferate, each of the two epithelial compartments can function as a source of facultative stem cells for the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- George K Michalopoulos
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bioscience Tower South, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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31
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Kim YC, Gonzalez-Nieves R, Cutler ML. Rsu1 contributes to cell adhesion and spreading in MCF10A cells via effects on P38 map kinase signaling. Cell Adh Migr 2014; 9:227-32. [PMID: 25482629 PMCID: PMC4594256 DOI: 10.4161/19336918.2014.972775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ILK, PINCH, Parvin (IPP) complex regulates adhesion and migration via binding of ILK to β1 integrin and α−parvin thus linking focal adhesions to actin cytoskeleton. ILK also binds the adaptor protein PINCH which connects signaling proteins including Rsu1 to the complex. A recent study of Rsu1 and PINCH1 in non-transformed MCF10A human mammary epithelial cells revealed that the siRNA-mediated depletion of either Rsu1 or PINCH1 decreased the number of focal adhesions (FAs) and altered the distribution and localization of FA proteins. This correlated with reduced adhesion, failure to spread or migrate in response to EGF and a loss of actin stress fibers and caveolae. The depletion of Rsu1 caused significant reduction in PINCH1 implying that Rsu1 may function in part by regulating levels of PINCH1. However, Rsu1, but not PINCH1, was required for EGF-induced activation of p38 Map kinase and ATF2 phosphorylation, suggesting a Rsu1 function independent from the IPP complex. Reconstitution of Rsu1-depleted cells with a Rsu1 mutant (N92D) that does not bind to PINCH1 failed to restore FAs or migration but did promote IPP-independent spreading and constitutive as well as EGF-induced p38 activation. In this commentary we discuss p38 activity in adhesion and how Rsu1 expression may be linked to Map kinase kinase (MKK) activation and detachment-induced stress kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chul Kim
- a Department of Pathology; F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine ; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences ; Bethesda , MD USA
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