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Xie H, Pile Knapp LS, Yu M, Wang GG. Morphological and physiological response of Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) to an extreme cold spell in subtropical, coastal forests of China. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.945886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and extreme weather events can cause considerable damage to the tissues of trees, including stem death and branch or leaf distortion, which may limit their survival and reproduction. In January 2016, a rare cold spell impacted the coastal forests of subtropical China. Using post-hoc assessments, we evaluated the morphological and physiological response of Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera L.) to the extreme cold spell in two distinct ecoregions, one (Xiangshan, China) representing the cold spell impacted zone and the other (Taizhou, China) representing the non-affected zone. To determine if the extreme cold events impacted the vigor of Chinese tallow, we assessed differences in growth rate, leaf characteristics, and leaf gas exchange. As age may affect tree morphological and physiological response to stress, we grouped subject trees into three distinct cohorts, namely, seedlings (1–2 years old), young-aged (5–6 years old), and middle-aged (10–12 years old). Our results suggest that although tree height and diameter did not differ, leaf area expansion and leaf mass were reduced in the impacted zone. In seedling and young-aged trees, the cold spell significantly reduced leaf net photosynthetic (An), transpiration rates (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and water use efficiency (WUE) while leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), vapor pressure deficit (Vpd), and intercellular CO2 pressure (Ci-Pa) increased. In contrast, the middle-aged group was less responsive to the cold spell. Across all cohorts, the event did not affect leaf temperature (Tleaf), but the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) decreased. We also detected increases of leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) and free proline (Pro) contents in young-aged and middle-aged groups. Hence, the extreme cold spell caused remarkable negative effects on the morphological and physiological traits of Chinese tallow. Redundancy analysis revealed that the cold spell also impacted the subsequent recovery process of damaged Chinese tallow by reducing the ability of leaf to utilize microenvironmental resources (radiation, air humidity, and CO2) for gas exchange. Results from this study are important to strengthen our understanding of Chinese tallow responding to extreme cold stress within its native range, also be helpful to predict the distributions of Chinese tallow in its invasive range where it has devastating impacts to coastal ecosystems in the southeast US.
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Xiao L, Ding J, Zhang J, Huang W, Siemann E. Chemical responses of an invasive plant to herbivory and abiotic environments reveal a novel invasion mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140452. [PMID: 32886966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plant environments differ along latitudes and between native and introduced ranges. In response to herbivory and abiotic stresses that vary with latitudes and between ranges, invasive plants may shift their secondary chemicals to facilitate invasion success. However, it remains unclear whether and how invasive plant chemical responses to herbivory and chemical responses to abiotic environments are associated. We conducted large scale field surveys of herbivory on the invasive tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) along latitudes in both its native (China) and introduced ranges (United States) and collected leaf samples for analyses of tannins and flavonoids. We used data on climate and solar radiation to examine these chemical responses to abiotic environments and their variations along these latitudes and between ranges. We also re-analyzed previously published data from multiple common garden experiments on tallow tree to investigate genetic divergence of secondary chemical concentrations between introduced and native populations. We found foliar tannins and herbivory (chewing, sucking) were higher in the native range compared to the invasive range. Allocation to tannins versus flavonoids decreased with latitude in the native range but did not vary in the invasive range. Analyses of previously published common garden experimental data indicated genetic divergence contributes to chemical concentration differences between ranges. Our field data further indicated that the latitudinal patterns were primarily phenotypic responses to herbivory in China while in US they were primarily phenotypic responses to abiotic environments. The variation of tannins may be linked to flavonoids, given tannins and flavonoids share a biosynthesis pathway. Together, our results suggest that invasive plants adjust their secondary metabolism to decrease chemicals that primarily defend against herbivory and increase those that help them to respond to their abiotic environment. These findings deepen our understanding of how invasive plants adapt to biogeographically heterogeneous environments through trade-offs between secondary chemical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in Southern China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Jialiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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Li W, Wang L, Tian B, Ding J, Siemann E. Introduced Populations of an Invasive Tree Have Higher Soluble Sugars but Lower Starch and Cellulose. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:587414. [PMID: 33178252 PMCID: PMC7593253 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.587414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Native and introduced plant populations vary in leaf physiology, biochemistry, and biotic interactions. These aboveground traits may help invasive plants in competition for resources with co-occurring native species. Root physiological traits may affect invasive plant performance because of the roles of roots in resource absorption. The aim of this study was to test this prediction, using invasive Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera), as a model species. Here we examined carbohydrate (soluble sugar, sucrose, fructose, starch, and cellulose) concentrations and the mass of roots, stems, and leaves, along with root water potential and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization of soil-cultured T. sebifera seedlings from 10 native (China) and 10 introduced (United States) populations in a common garden. Introduced populations had a significantly greater stem and leaf mass than native populations but their root masses did not differ, so they had lower R:S. Introduced populations had higher soluble sugar concentrations but lower starch and cellulose concentrations in their leaves, stems, and roots. Introduced populations had more negative root water potentials and higher AMF colonization. Together, our results indicate that invasive plants shift their carbohydrate allocation, leading to faster growth and a greater aboveground allocation strategy. Higher AMF colonization and more negative water potential in invasive plants likely facilitate more efficient water absorption by the roots. Thus, such physiological variation in root characteristics could play a role in plant invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Luwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Baoliang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
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Javed Q, Sun J, Azeem A, Jabran K, Du D. Competitive ability and plasticity of Wedelia trilobata (L.) under wetland hydrological variations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9431. [PMID: 32523106 PMCID: PMC7286891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth behavior of different species under different habitats can be studied by comparing the production of biomass, plasticity index and relative competitive interaction. However, these functional traits of invasive species received rare consideration for determining the invasion success of invasive species at wetlands. Here, we examined the effect of water depth at 5 cm and 15 cm (static and fluctuated) with different nutrient concentrations (full-strength (n1), 1/4-strength (n2) and 1/8-strength (n3) Hoagland solution) on functional traits of invasive Wedelia trilobata and its congener native Wedelia chinensis under mono and mixed culture. Water depth of 5 cm with any of the nutrient treatments (n1, n2 and n3) significantly restrained the photosynthesis, leaf nitrogen and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) of both W. trilobata and W. chinensis. While, increase in the water depth to 15 cm with low nutrient treatment (n3) reduced more of biomass of W. chinensis under mixed culture. However, relative competition interaction (RCI) was recorded positive for W. trilobata and seemingly W. trilobata benefited more from RCI under high-fluctuated water depth at 15 cm in mixed culture. Therefore, higher PNUE, more competitive ability and higher plasticity may contribute to the invasiveness of W. trilobata in wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaiser Javed
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jianfan Sun
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Ahmad Azeem
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Khawar Jabran
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Daolin Du
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China. .,Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Uchiya P, Escaray FJ, Bilenca D, Pieckenstain F, Ruiz OA, Menéndez AB. Salt effects on functional traits in model and in economically important Lotus species. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:703-709. [PMID: 27007305 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A common stress on plants is NaCl-derived soil salinity. Genus Lotus comprises model and economically important species, which have been studied regarding physiological responses to salinity. Leaf area ratio (LAR), root length ratio (RLR) and their components, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf mass fraction (LMF) and specific root length (SRL) and root mass fraction (RMF) might be affected by high soil salinity. We characterised L. tenuis, L. corniculatus, L. filicaulis, L. creticus, L. burtii and L. japonicus grown under different salt concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mm NaCl) on the basis of SLA, LMF, SRL and RMF using PCA. We also assessed effects of different salt concentrations on LAR and RLR in each species, and explored whether changes in these traits provide fitness benefit. Salinity (150 mm NaCl) increased LAR in L. burtii and L. corniculatus, but not in the remaining species. The highest salt concentration caused a decrease of RLR in L. japonicus Gifu, but not in the remaining species. Changes in LAR and RLR would not be adaptive, according to adaptiveness analysis, with the exception of SLA changes in L. corniculatus. PCA revealed that under favourable conditions plants optimise surfaces for light and nutrient acquisition (SLA and SRL), whereas at higher salt concentrations they favour carbon allocation to leaves and roots (LMF and RMF) in detriment to their surfaces. PCA also showed that L. creticus subjected to saline treatment was distinguished from the remaining Lotus species. We suggest that augmented carbon partitioning to leaves and roots could constitute a salt-alleviating mechanism through toxic ion dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Uchiya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F J Escaray
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Bilenca
- IEGEBA, UBA-CONICET - Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Pieckenstain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O A Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A B Menéndez
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, PROPLAME-PRHIDEB (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Luo Y, Yuan Y, Wang R, Liu J, Du N, Guo W. Functional traits contributed to the superior performance of the exotic species Robinia pseudoacacia: a comparison with the native tree Sophora japonica. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:345-55. [PMID: 26655381 PMCID: PMC4885941 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Functional traits determine the ecological strategies of plants and therefore are widely considered to feature in the success of invasive species. By comparing a widespread exotic invasive species Robinia pseudoacacia L. with a related native one Sophora japonica L., this research aimed to study strategies of R. pseudoacacia for superior performance from the perspective of functional traits. We conducted a greenhouse experiment in which seedlings of R. pseudoacacia and S. japonica were grown separately under a factorial combination of two light regimes and three levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization, including a control and two levels intended to represent ambient and future levels of N deposition in Chinese forests. After 90 days of treatment, performance and functional traits were determined for the two species, the former referred to as the total biomass (TB) that directly affected fitness. Trait plasticity and integration (the pattern and extent of functional covariance among different plant traits) were analyzed and compared. We found that the two species showed significantly different plastic responses to light increase: in the low-light regime, they were similar in performance and functional traits, while in the high-light regime, R. pseudoacacia achieved a significantly higher TB and a suite of divergent but advantageous functional traits versus S. japonica, such as significantly greater photosynthetic capacity and leaf N concentration, and lower carbon-to-N ratio and root-to-shoot ratio, which conferred it the greater performance. Moreover, across the light gradient, R. pseudoacacia showed higher correlations between photosynthetic capacity and other functional traits than S. japonica. In contrast, N deposition showed little impact on our experiment. Our results suggested that across light regimes, three aspects of functional traits contributed to the superior performance of R. pseudoacacia: functional trait divergence, significantly different plasticity of these traits, as well as greater overall trait coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Luo
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yifu Yuan
- School of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Renqing Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ning Du
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
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Liu G, Gao Y, Huang FF, Yuan MY, Peng SL. The Invasion of Coastal Areas in South China by Ipomoea cairica May Be Accelerated by the Ecotype Being More Locally Adapted to Salt Stress. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149262. [PMID: 26867222 PMCID: PMC4750935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity are two alternative mechanisms used by invasive plants for range expansion. We conducted a series of experiments to investigate the role of these mechanisms in the recent expansion of the invasive Ipomoea cairica from non-saline to salt-stressed coastal habitats. A comparison of the plant’s photosynthetic traits and construction costs across habitats was conducted through a field survey. Meanwhile, a full factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted with two ecotypes (non-saline and coastal) of I. cairica and two salinity gradients (water and 4 g L-1 NaCl solution) to evaluate the roles of the two strategies by comparing their main traits. The results revealed that the construction cost and Amax of I. cairica did not change with the habitat type. The ecotype and saline treatments, however, significantly influenced the plant growth. The non-saline ecotype (NE) generally showed higher or equal plasticity of biomass-allocation and functional traits compared to the coastal ecotype (CE). However, the fitness and biomass of the NE significantly decreased with salinity, whereas those aspects of the CE did not change. Our results indicate that the recent expansion of I. cairica into coastal areas may be accelerated by the local adaptation of the CE to salt stress. Additionally, in South China, the CE will most likely evolve adaptations to both saline and non-saline environments, which will further broaden the invasion range of I. cairica in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Yue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Lin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (SLP)
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Plasticity-mediated persistence in new and changing environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 2014; 2014:416497. [PMID: 25386380 PMCID: PMC4216699 DOI: 10.1155/2014/416497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Baldwin's synthesis of the Organicist position, first published in 1896 and elaborated in 1902, sought to rescue environmentally induced phenotypes from disrepute by showing their Darwinian significance. Of particular interest to Baldwin was plasticity's mediating role during environmental change or colonization—plastic individuals were more likely to successfully survive and reproduce in new environments than were nonplastic individuals. Once a population of plastic individuals had become established, plasticity could further mediate the future course of evolution. The evidence for plasticity-mediated persistence (PMP) is reviewed here with a particular focus on evolutionary rescue experiments, studies on invasive success, and the role of learning in survival. Many PMP studies are methodologically limited, showing that preexistent plasticity has utility in new environments (soft PMP) rather than directly demonstrating that plasticity is responsible for persistence (hard PMP). An ideal PMP study would be able to demonstrate that (1) plasticity preexisted environmental change, (2) plasticity was fortuitously beneficial in the new environment, (3) plasticity was responsible for individual persistence in the new environment, and (4) plasticity was responsible for population persistence in succeeding generations. Although PMP is not ubiquitous, Baldwin's hypotheses have been largely vindicated in theoretical and empirical studies, but much work remains.
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Yang Q, Li B, Siemann E. Positive and negative biotic interactions and invasiveTriadica sebiferatolerance to salinity: a cross-continent comparative study. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan Univ.; 220 Handan Road CN-200433 Shanghai PR China
| | - Bo Li
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan Univ.; 220 Handan Road CN-200433 Shanghai PR China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Rice Univ.; Houston TX 77005 USA
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