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Zhu L, Li XJ, Gangadaran P, Jing X, Ahn BC. Tumor-associated macrophages as a potential therapeutic target in thyroid cancers. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3895-3917. [PMID: 37796300 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are important precursor cell types of the innate immune system and bridge adaptive immune responses through the antigen presentation system. Meanwhile, macrophages constitute substantial portion of the stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) (referred to as tumor-associated macrophages, or TAMs) and exhibit conflicting roles in the development, invasion, and metastasis of thyroid cancer (TC). Moreover, TAMs play a crucial role to the behavior of TC due to their high degree of infiltration and prognostic relevance. Generally, TAMs can be divided into two subgroups; M1-like TAMs are capable of directly kill tumor cells, and recruiting and activating other immune cells in the early stages of cancer. However, due to changes in the TME, M2-like TAMs gradually increase and promote tumor progression. This review aims to discuss the impact of TAMs on TC, including their role in tumor promotion, gene mutation, and other factors related to the polarization of TAMs. Finally, we will explore the M2-like TAM-centered therapeutic strategies, including chemotherapy, clinical trials, and combinatorial immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiu Juan Li
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shan-Dong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiuli Jing
- Center for Life Sciences Research, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shan-Dong Province, 271000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Department Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Luvhengo TE, Bombil I, Mokhtari A, Moeng MS, Demetriou D, Sanders C, Dlamini Z. Multi-Omics and Management of Follicular Carcinoma of the Thyroid. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041217. [PMID: 37189835 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is the second most common cancer of the thyroid gland, accounting for up to 20% of all primary malignant tumors in iodine-replete areas. The diagnostic work-up, staging, risk stratification, management, and follow-up strategies in patients who have FTC are modeled after those of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), even though FTC is more aggressive. FTC has a greater propensity for haematogenous metastasis than PTC. Furthermore, FTC is a phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous disease. The diagnosis and identification of markers of an aggressive FTC depend on the expertise and thoroughness of pathologists during histopathological analysis. An untreated or metastatic FTC is likely to de-differentiate and become poorly differentiated or undifferentiated and resistant to standard treatment. While thyroid lobectomy is adequate for the treatment of selected patients who have low-risk FTC, it is not advisable for patients whose tumor is larger than 4 cm in diameter or has extensive extra-thyroidal extension. Lobectomy is also not adequate for tumors that have aggressive mutations. Although the prognosis for over 80% of PTC and FTC is good, nearly 20% of the tumors behave aggressively. The introduction of radiomics, pathomics, genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and liquid biopsy have led to improvements in the understanding of tumorigenesis, progression, treatment response, and prognostication of thyroid cancer. The article reviews the challenges that are encountered during the diagnostic work-up, staging, risk stratification, management, and follow-up of patients who have FTC. How the application of multi-omics can strengthen decision-making during the management of follicular carcinoma is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thifhelimbilu Emmanuel Luvhengo
- Department of Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Ifongo Bombil
- Department of Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 1864, South Africa
| | - Arian Mokhtari
- Department of Surgery, Dr. George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa
| | - Maeyane Stephens Moeng
- Department of Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Demetra Demetriou
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Claire Sanders
- Department of Surgery, Helen Joseph Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
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3
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Lin C, Liu P, Shi C, Qiu L, Shang D, Lu Z, Tu Z, Liu H. Therapeutic targeting of DNA damage repair pathways guided by homologous recombination deficiency scoring in ovarian cancers. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:194-214. [PMID: 36130021 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of cells to DNA damage and their DNA repair ability are crucial for cancer therapy. Homologous recombination is one of the major repairing mechanisms for DNA double-strand breaks. Approximately half of ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells harbor homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Considering that HRD is a major hallmark of OvCas, scholars proposed HRD scoring to evaluate the HRD degree and guide the choice of therapeutic strategies for OvCas. In the last decade, synthetic lethal strategy by targeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in HR-deficient OvCas has attracted considerable attention in view of its favorable clinical effort. We therefore suggested that the uses of other DNA damage/repair-targeted drugs in HR-deficient OvCas might also offer better clinical outcome. Here, we reviewed the current small molecule compounds that targeted DNA damage/repair pathways and discussed the HRD scoring system to guide their clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaowen Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lipeng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongsheng Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Clinical Implications of mTOR Expression in Papillary Thyroid Cancer—A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061665. [PMID: 36980552 PMCID: PMC10046096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) comprises approximately 80% of all thyroid malignancies. Although several etiological factors, such as age, gender, and irradiation, are already known to be involved in the development of PTC, the genetics of cancerogenesis remain undetermined. The mTOR pathway regulates several cellular processes that are critical for tumorigenesis. Activated mTOR is involved in the development and progression of PTC. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of papers studying the expression of the mTOR gene and protein and its relationship with PTC risk and clinical outcome. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases (the search date was 2012–2022). Studies investigating the expression of mTOR in the peripheral blood or tissue of patients with PTC were deemed eligible for inclusion. Seven of the 286 screened studies met the inclusion criteria for mTOR gene expression and four for mTOR protein expression. We also analyzed the data on mTOR protein expression in PTC. We analyzed the association of mTOR expression with papillary thyroid cancer clinicopathological features, such as the TNM stage, BRAF V600E mutation, sex distribution, lymph node and distant metastases, and survival prognosis. Understanding specific factors involved in PTC tumorigenesis provides opportunities for targeted therapies. We also reviewed the possible new targeted therapies and the use of mTOR inhibitors in PTC. This topic requires further research with novel techniques to translate the achieved results to clinical application.
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Spartalis E, Kotrotsios K, Chrysikos D, Spartalis M, Paschou SA, Schizas D, Tsamakis K, Dimitroulis D, Troupis T, Nikiteas N. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2199-2208. [PMID: 33308111 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201211112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) is the most common type of endocrine malignancy. Although PTC has an excellent prognosis, the recurrent or metastatic disease could affect patients' survival. Recent studies show that Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDACIs) might be promising anticancer agents against PTC. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of HDACIs as an additional modality in PTC treatment and to depict the latest trends of current research on this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS This literature review was performed using the MEDLINE database. The search strategy included terms: "thyroid cancer", "papillary", "HDAC", "histone", and "deacetylase". RESULTS Agents, such as Suberoyl Anilide Hydroxamic Acid, Trichostatin A, Valproic Acid, Sodium butyrate, Panobinostat, Belinostat, Romidepsin, CUDC907 and N-Hydroxy-7-(2-naphthylthio)-Hepanomide have shown promising anti-cancer effects on PTC cell lines but fail to trigger a major response in clinical trials. CONCLUSION HDACIs have no significant effect as monotherapy against PTC, but further research needs to be conducted in order to investigate their potential effect when used as an additional modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Spartalis
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kotrotsios
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Chrysikos
- Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Spartalis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula A Paschou
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Aghia Sophia Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- 1st Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsamakis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Dimitroulis
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Troupis
- Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikiteas
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Lin B, Lu B, Hsieh IY, Liang Z, Sun Z, Yi Y, Lv W, Zhao W, Li J. Synergy of GSK-J4 With Doxorubicin in KRAS-Mutant Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:632. [PMID: 32477122 PMCID: PMC7239034 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic thyroid cancer is the most aggressive thyroid cancer and has a poor prognosis. At present, there is no effective treatment for it. Methods Here, we used different concentrations of GSK-J4 or a combination of GSK-J4 and doxorubicin to treat human Cal-62, 8505C, and 8305C anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cell lines. The in vitro experiments were performed using cell viability assays, cell cycle assays, annexin-V/PI binding assays, Transwell migration assays, and wound-healing assays. Tumor xenograft models were used to observe effects in vivo. Results The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of GSK-J4 in Cal-62 cells was 1.502 μM, and as the dose of GSK-J4 increased, more ATC cells were blocked in the G2-M and S stage. The combination of GSK-J4 and doxorubicin significantly increased the inhibitory effect on proliferation, especially in KRAS-mutant ATC cells in vivo (inhibition rate 38.0%) and in vitro (suppresses rate Fa value 0.624, CI value 0.673). The invasion and migration abilities of the KRAS-mutant cell line were inhibited at a low concentration (p < 0.05). Conclusions The combination of GSK-J4 with doxorubicin in KRAS-mutant ATC achieved tumor-suppressive effects at a low dose. The synergy of the combination of GSK-J4 and doxorubicin may make it an effective chemotherapy regimen for KRAS-mutant ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Institute of Urology of Shenzhen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - I-Yun Hsieh
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zicheng Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Lv
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Pozdeyev N, Rose MM, Bowles DW, Schweppe RE. Molecular therapeutics for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 61:23-29. [PMID: 31991166 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) represents one of the most lethal human cancers and although this tumor type is rare, ATC accounts for the majority of deaths from thyroid cancer. Due to the rarity of ATC, a comprehensive genomic characterization of this tumor type has been challenging, and thus the development of new therapies has been lacking. To date, there is only one mutation-driven targeted therapy for BRAF-mutant ATC. Recent genomic studies have used next generation sequencing to define the genetic landscape of ATC in order to identify new therapeutic targets. Together, these studies have confirmed the role of oncogenic mutations of MAPK pathway as key drivers of differentiated thyroid cancer (BRAF, RAS), and that additional genetic alterations in the PI3K pathway, TP53, and the TERT promoter are necessary for anaplastic transformation. Recent novel findings have linked the high mutational burden associated with ATC with mutations in the Mismatch Repair (MMR) pathway and overactivity of the AID/APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases. Additional novel mutations include cell cycle genes, SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, and histone modification genes. Mutations in RAC1 were also identified in ATC, which have important implications for BRAF-directed therapies. In this review, we summarize these novel findings and the new genetic landscape of ATC. We further discuss the development of therapies targeting these pathways that are being tested in clinical and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Pozdeyev
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Madison M Rose
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel W Bowles
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca E Schweppe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Hamam HJ, Palaniyar N. Post-Translational Modifications in NETosis and NETs-Mediated Diseases. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E369. [PMID: 31416265 PMCID: PMC6723044 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
: Neutrophils undergo a unique form of cell death that generates neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that may help to neutralize invading pathogens and restore homeostasis. However, uncontrolled NET formation (NETosis) can result in numerous diseases that adversely affect health. Recent studies further elucidate the mechanistic details of the different forms of NETosis and their common end structure, as NETs were constantly found to contain DNA, modified histones and cytotoxic enzymes. In fact, emerging evidence reveal that the post translational modifications (PTMs) of histones in neutrophils have a critical role in regulating neutrophil death. Histone citrullination is shown to promote a rapid form of NET formation independent of NADPH oxidase (NOX), which relies on calcium influx. Interestingly, few studies suggest an association between histone citrullination and other types of PTMs to control cell survival and death, such as histone methylation. Even more exciting is the finding that histone acetylation has a biphasic effect upon NETosis, where histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors promote baseline, NOX-dependent and -independent NETosis. However, increasing levels of histone acetylation suppresses NETosis, and to switch neutrophil death to apoptosis. Interestingly, in the presence of NETosis-promoting stimuli, high levels of HDACis limit both NETosis and apoptosis, and promote neutrophil survival. Recent studies also reveal the importance of the PTMs of neutrophils in influencing numerous pathologies. Histone modifications in NETs can act as a double-edged sword, as they are capable of altering multiple types of neutrophil death, and influencing numerous NET-mediated diseases, such as acute lung injury (ALI), thrombosis, sepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and cancer progression. A clear understanding of the role of different PTMs in neutrophils would be important for an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of NETosis, and to appropriately treat NETs-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein J Hamam
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Kim SH, Kang JG, Kim CS, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Lee SJ. Evodiamine in combination with histone deacetylase inhibitors has synergistic cytotoxicity in thyroid carcinoma cells. Endocrine 2019; 65:110-120. [PMID: 31102069 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of evodiamine in combination with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors on survival of thyroid carcinoma cells was identified. METHODS TPC-1 and SW1736 human thyroid carcinoma cells were used. RESULTS After treatment with evodiamine and PXD101, cell viability, the percentage of viable cells and Bcl2 protein levels decreased, whereas cytotoxic activity, the percentage of apoptotic cells, the protein levels of γH2AX, acetyl. histone H3 and cleaved PARP, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased. In cells treated with both evodiamine and PXD101, compared with PXD101 alone, decrement of cell viability, the percentage of viable cells, and Bcl2 protein levels as well as increment of cytotoxic activity, the percentage of apoptotic cells, the protein levels of γH2AX and cleaved PARP, and ROS production were significant, causing decrement of Bcl2/Bax ratio. Furthermore, all of the combination index values were <1.0, suggesting synergistic cytotoxicity of two agents. Wortmannin decreased cell viability and the percentage of viable cells, whereas it increased cytotoxic activity and the percentage of apoptotic cells without alteration in ROS production. The changes in cells treated with both evodiamine and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid or trichostatin A were similar to those in cells treated with both evodiamine and PXD101. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that evodiamine synergizes with HDAC inhibitors in inducing cytotoxic activities by involving survival-related proteins and ROS in thyroid carcinoma cells. Moreover, repression of PI3K/Akt signaling synergistically reinforces cytotoxicity of evodiamine combined with HDAC inhibitors in thyroid carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Goo Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Sik Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Ihm
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Gi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Cao X, Dang L, Zheng X, Lu Y, Lu Y, Ji R, Zhang T, Ruan X, Zhi J, Hou X, Yi X, Li MJ, Gu T, Gao M, Zhang L, Chen Y. Targeting Super-Enhancer-Driven Oncogenic Transcription by CDK7 Inhibition in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Thyroid 2019; 29:809-823. [PMID: 30924726 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, with no effective treatment currently available. The molecular mechanisms of ATC carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms and functions of super-enhancer (SE)-driven oncogenic transcriptional addiction in the progression of ATC and identify new drug targets for ATC treatments. Methods: High-throughput chemical screening was performed to identify new drugs inhibiting ATC cell growth. Cell viability assay, colony formation analysis, cell-cycle analysis, and animal study were used to examine the effects of drug treatments on ATC progression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing was conducted to establish a SE landscape of ATC. Integrative analysis of RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing was used to identify THZ1 target genes. Drug combination analysis was performed to assess drug synergy. Patient samples were analyzed to evaluate candidate biomarkers of prognosis in ATC. Results: THZ1, a covalent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), was identified as a potent anti-ATC compound by high-throughput chemical screening. ATC cells, but not papillary thyroid carcinoma cells, are exceptionally sensitive to CDK7 inhibition. An integrative analysis of both gene expression profiles and SE features revealed that the SE-mediated oncogenic transcriptional amplification mediates the vulnerability of ATC cells to THZ1 treatment. Combining this integrative analysis with functional assays led to the discovery of a number of novel cancer genes of ATC, including PPP1R15A, SMG9, and KLF2. Inhibition of PPP1R15A with Guanabenz or Sephin1 greatly suppresses ATC growth. Significantly, the expression level of PPP1R15A is correlated with CDK7 expression in ATC tissue samples. Elevated expression of PPP1R15A and CDK7 are both associated with poor clinical prognosis in ATC patients. Importantly, CDK7 or PPP1R15A inhibition sensitizes ATC cells to conventional chemotherapy. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings demonstrate transcriptional addiction in ATC pathobiology and identify CDK7 and PPP1R15A as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cao
- 1 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lin Dang
- 1 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- 2 Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- 1 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Lu
- 1 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Rongjie Ji
- 1 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Tianye Zhang
- 1 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xianhui Ruan
- 2 Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jingtai Zhi
- 2 Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiukun Hou
- 2 Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xianfu Yi
- 3 School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Mulin Jun Li
- 4 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Tingyu Gu
- 5 Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ming Gao
- 2 Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- 1 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- 1 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- 2 Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
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11
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Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Dose-Dependently Switch Neutrophil Death from NETosis to Apoptosis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9050184. [PMID: 31083537 PMCID: PMC6571947 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation is an important post translational modification of histone that plays a role in regulation of physiological and pathological process in the body. We have recently shown that the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDAC) by low concentrations of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis), belinostat (up to 0.25 µM) and panobinostat (up to 0.04 µM) promote histone acetylation (e.g., AcH4) and neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis). Clinical use of belinostat and panobinostat often leads to neutropenia and the in vivo concentrations vary with time and tissue locations. However, the effects of different concentrations of these HDACis on neutrophil death are not fully understood. We considered that increasing concentrations of belinostat and panobinostat could alter the type of neutrophil death. To test this hypothesis, we treated human neutrophils with belinostat and panobinostat in the presence or absence of agonists that promote NOX-dependent NETosis (phorbol myristate acetate or lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 0128) and NOX-independent NETosis (calcium ionophores A23187 or ionomycin from Streptomyces conglobatus). Increasing concentrations of HDACis induced histone acetylation in a dose-dependent manner. ROS analyses showed that increasing concentrations of HDACis, increased the degree of NOX-derived ROS production. Higher levels (>1 µM belinostat and >0.2 µM panobinostat) of AcH4 resulted in a significant inhibition of spontaneous as well as the NOX-dependent and -independent NETosis. By contrast, the degree of neutrophil apoptosis significantly increased, particularly in non-activated cells. Collectively, this study establishes that increasing concentrations of belinostat and panobinostat initially increases NETosis but subsequently reduces NETosis or switches the form of cell death to apoptosis. This new information indicates that belinostat and panobinostat can induce different types of neutrophil death and may induce neutropenia and regulate inflammation at different concentrations.
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12
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Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, La Motta C, Elia G, Ragusa F, Ruffilli I, Patrizio A, Baldini E, Ulisse S, Antonelli A. Recent advances in precision medicine for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2019.1565940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgical Sciences, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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13
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Sasanakietkul T, Murtha TD, Javid M, Korah R, Carling T. Epigenetic modifications in poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 469:23-37. [PMID: 28552796 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Well-differentiated thyroid cancer accounts for the majority of endocrine malignancies and, in general, has an excellent prognosis. In contrast, the less common poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) are two of the most aggressive human malignancies. Recently, there has been an increased focus on the epigenetic alterations underlying thyroid carcinogenesis, including those that drive PDTC and ATC. Dysregulated epigenetic candidates identified include the Aurora group, KMT2D, PTEN, RASSF1A, multiple non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), and the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. A deeper understanding of the signaling pathways affected by epigenetic dysregulation may improve prognostic testing and support the advancement of thyroid-specific epigenetic therapies. This review outlines the current understanding of epigenetic alterations observed in PDTC and ATC and explores the potential for exploiting this understanding in developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanyawat Sasanakietkul
- Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Timothy D Murtha
- Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mahsa Javid
- Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Reju Korah
- Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tobias Carling
- Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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14
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Celano M, Mio C, Sponziello M, Verrienti A, Bulotta S, Durante C, Damante G, Russo D. Targeting post-translational histone modifications for the treatment of non-medullary thyroid cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 469:38-47. [PMID: 28579118 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genomic and epigenetic alterations are now being exploited as molecular targets in cancer treatment. Abnormalities involving the post-translational modification of histones have been demonstrated in thyroid cancer, and they are regarded as promising molecular targets for novel drug treatment of tumors that are resistant to conventional therapies. After a brief overview of the histone modifications most commonly associated with human malignancies, we will review recently published preclinical and clinical findings regarding the use of histone-activity modulators in thyroid cancers. Particular attention will be focused on their use as re-differentiating or anti-proliferating agents, the differential effects observed when they are used alone and in combination with other targeted drugs, and current prospects for their use in the treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Celano
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Catia Mio
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Sponziello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Verrienti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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15
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Joo LJS, Zhao JT, Gild ML, Glover AR, Sidhu SB. Epigenetic regulation of RET receptor tyrosine kinase and non-coding RNAs in MTC. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 469:48-53. [PMID: 28315378 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an aggressive and rare cancer with limited treatment options for metastatic disease. Due to this, there is a need for a better understanding of MTC biology in the hope of improved treatments. One area of improved understanding of cancer biology is epigenetics. Epigenetics is defined as cellular processes which alter gene expression independent of changes in the primary DNA sequence. These processes include modifications such as DNA methylation, microRNA deregulation and post-translational histone modifications, all of which have been implicated in tumorigenesis of MTC. Transcription of the main driver of MTC - the REarranged during Transfection (RET) proto-oncogene can also be modulated by epigenetic alterations. This review will present a review of MTC and its epigenetic links with a particular focus on targeting epigenetic mechanisms as novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Jin Suk Joo
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jing Ting Zhao
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matti L Gild
- Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony R Glover
- Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stan B Sidhu
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney Endocrine Surgery Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
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16
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Kim SH, Kang JG, Kim CS, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Yoo HJ, Lee SJ. Gemigliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, exerts a synergistic cytotoxicity with the histone deacetylase inhibitor PXD101 in thyroid carcinoma cells. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:677-689. [PMID: 29147952 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The influence of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor gemigliptin alone or in combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitor PXD101 on survival of thyroid carcinoma cells was investigated. METHODS SW1736, TPC-1, 8505C and BCPAP human thyroid carcinoma cells were used. To assess cell survival, cell viability, the percentage of viable cells and dead cells, cytotoxic activity, ATP levels and FACS analysis were measured. To validate the impact of gemigliptin combined with PXD101, the interactions were estimated by obtaining combination index in cells treated with two agents. RESULTS In cells treated with gemigliptin or PXD101, cell viability, the percentage of viable cells and ATP levels were reduced, and the percentage of dead cells and cytotoxic activity were elevated. In cells treated with both gemigliptin and PXD101, compared with PXD101 alone, cell death was augmented, and all of the combination index values were lower than 1.0, suggesting the synergism between gemigliptin and PXD101. The percentage of apoptotic cells, and the protein levels of Bcl2 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase were elevated, and the protein levels of xIAP and survivin were reduced. The protein levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-AMPK were elevated, and cell migration was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that gemigliptin induces cytotoxicity in thyroid carcinoma cells. Moreover, gemigliptin has a synergistic activity with PXD101 in the induction of cell death through involvement of Bcl2 family proteins, xIAP and survivin as well as mediation of Akt and AMPK in thyroid carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J G Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - C S Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Ihm
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - M G Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Fanian M, Bahmani M, Mozafari M, Naderi S, Alizadeh Zareie M, Okhovat MA, Saberzadeh J, Dehshahri A, Takhshid MA. The Synergistic Effects of Celecoxib and Sodium Valproate on Apoptosis and Invasiveness Behavior of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cell Line In-vitro. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2018; 17:1008-1017. [PMID: 30127823 PMCID: PMC6094417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis to lymph nodes and distant organs is the main challenge in the treatment of papillary thyroid cancer. In the current investigation, we aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of celecoxib (CX) and sodium valproate (VPA) against cell survival, invasiveness properties, and expression of metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in papillary thyroid cancer cell line, B-CPAP cells. The effect of CX and VPA on B-CPAP cells viability and apoptosis were investigated using MTT assay and annexin V/7-AAD flowcytometry, respectively. The effects of the drugs on invasiveness properties of B-CPAP cells and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were evaluated using transwell assay and real time PCR, respectively. MTT assay showed that CX and VPA decreased viability of B-CPAP cells dose dependently (IC50 32.4µM and 6.8 mM, respectively). Combination of CX (5 μM) and VPA (2.5 and 5 mM) increased apoptosis, and reduced cell migration and invasion of B-CPAP cell, synergistically. Real time PCR results showed that both CX (5 µM) and VPA (2.5 and 5 mM) reduced MMP-2 expression (P < 0.05) but had no significant effects on the expression of MMP-9. Our findings suggest that CX and VPA synergistically increase apoptosis and suppress migration and invasion of B-CPAP cells through inhibition of MMP-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fanian
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Maedeh Bahmani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mojdeh Mozafari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Samaneh Naderi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Alizadeh Zareie
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Okhovat
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Jamileh Saberzadeh
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Takhshid
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ,Corresponding author: E-mail:
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18
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Kong LR, Tan TZ, Ong WR, Bi C, Huynh H, Lee SC, Chng WJ, Eichhorn PJA, Goh BC. Belinostat exerts antitumor cytotoxicity through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:965-980. [PMID: 28397399 PMCID: PMC5537703 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been advances in personalized therapy directed by molecular profiles in lung adenocarcinoma, but not in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The lack of actionable driver oncogenes in SCC has restricted the use of small‐molecule inhibitors. Here, we show that SCC cell lines displayed differential sensitivities to belinostat, a pan‐histone deacetylase inhibitor. Phosphoproteomic analysis of belinostat‐treated SCC cells revealed significant downregulation of the MAPK pathway, along with the induction of apoptosis. In cisplatin‐resistant cells that demonstrated aberrant MAPK activation, combined treatment with belinostat significantly inhibited cisplatin‐induced ERK phosphorylation and exhibited strong synergistic cytotoxicity. Furthermore, belinostat transcriptionally upregulated the F‐box proteins FBXO3 and FBXW10, which directly targeted son of sevenless (SOS), an upstream regulator of the MAPK pathway, for proteasome‐mediated degradation. Supporting this, suppression of SOS/ERK pathway by belinostat could be abrogated by inhibiting proteasomal activity either with bortezomib or with siRNA knockdown of FBXO3/FBXW10. Taken together, these preclinical data offer a novel understanding of the epigenetic mechanism by which belinostat exerts its cytotoxicity and supports the combination with cisplatin in clinical settings for chemorefractory SCC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li R Kong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuan Z Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chonglei Bi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Soo C Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wee J Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Pieter J A Eichhorn
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon C Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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19
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Zafon C, Díez JJ, Galofré JC, Cooper DS. Nodular Thyroid Disease and Thyroid Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine. Eur Thyroid J 2017; 6:65-74. [PMID: 28589087 PMCID: PMC5422742 DOI: 10.1159/000457793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of thyroid nodules, one of the main clinical challenges in endocrine clinical practice, is usually straightforward. Although the most important concern is ruling out malignancy, there are grey areas where uncertainty is frequently present: the nodules labelled as indeterminate by cytology and the extent of therapy when thyroid cancer is diagnosed pathologically. There is evidence that the current available precision medicine tools (from all the "-omics" to molecular analysis, fine-tuning imaging or artificial intelligence) may help to fill present gaps in the future. We present here a commentary on some of the current challenges faced by endocrinologists in the field of thyroid nodules and cancer, and illustrate how precision medicine may improve their diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Zafon
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J. Díez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Galofré
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA (Instituto de investigación en la salud de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
- *Dr. Juan C. Galofré, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarro, Avenida Pio XII, 36, ES-31080 Pamplona (Spain), E-Mail
| | - David S. Cooper
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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Rodríguez-Rodero S, Delgado-Álvarez E, Díaz-Naya L, Martín Nieto A, Menéndez Torre E. Epigenetic modulators of thyroid cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 64:44-56. [PMID: 28440770 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are some well known factors involved in the etiology of thyroid cancer, including iodine deficiency, radiation exposure at early ages, or some genetic changes. However, epigenetic modulators that may contribute to development of these tumors and be helpful to for both their diagnosis and treatment have recently been discovered. The currently known changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in each type of thyroid carcinoma are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodríguez-Rodero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elías Delgado-Álvarez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lucía Díaz-Naya
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Alicia Martín Nieto
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Edelmiro Menéndez Torre
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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21
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Bailey H, McPherson JP, Bailey EB, Werner TL, Gupta S, Batten J, Reddy G, Bhat G, Sharma S, Agarwal N. A phase I study to determine the pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of belinostat and metabolites in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 78:1059-1071. [PMID: 27744565 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Belinostat is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase enzymes, resulting in DNA repair inhibition and apoptosis. Present data are lacking to provide dosing recommendations in renal insufficiency. The purpose of this trial was to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) of belinostat and belinostat metabolites in plasma and urine. METHODS This was a phase I, single-center, open-label, two-part study. In Part I, patients received single-agent belinostat 1000 mg/m2. Blood and urine samples were collected at pre-specified time points to determine PK of belinostat and metabolites and their elimination in urine. In Part II, patients were permitted to continue belinostat in 21-day cycles on Days 1 through 5 until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or according to patient preference. RESULTS A total of nine patients with advanced solid tumors were treated. Median t max for belinostat was observed 10 min after the start of infusion. Concentrations of belinostat rapidly declined with a t 1/2 of 2.9 h. The mean fraction of belinostat excreted unchanged in urine was 0.926 %. The metabolites belinostat glucuronide and 3-ASBA represented the largest fractions of belinostat dose excreted in urine (30.5 and 4.61 %, respectively), while renal excretion appeared to be a minor route of elimination for the parent belinostat (<1 %). The most common adverse events were nausea, fatigue, and diarrhea. One Grade 3 adverse event (constipation) was thought to be treatment related. CONCLUSIONS Urinary elimination of parent belinostat was minimal, although a combined 36.7 % of belinostat metabolites were excreted in urine. Since these metabolites are primarily inactive, belinostat may not require dosage adjustment in renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Bailey
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Ste 2123, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jordan P McPherson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Ste 2123, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Erin B Bailey
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Ste 2123, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Theresa L Werner
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Ste 2123, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Sumati Gupta
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Ste 2123, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Julia Batten
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Ste 2123, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Guru Reddy
- Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Sunil Sharma
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Ste 2123, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Ste 2123, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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Gong F, Chiu LY, Miller KM. Acetylation Reader Proteins: Linking Acetylation Signaling to Genome Maintenance and Cancer. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006272. [PMID: 27631103 PMCID: PMC5025232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin-based DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are fundamental for preventing genome and epigenome instability, which are prevalent in cancer. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze the addition and removal of acetyl groups on lysine residues, a post-translational modification important for the DDR. Acetylation can alter chromatin structure as well as function by providing binding signals for reader proteins containing acetyl-lysine recognition domains, including the bromodomain (BRD). Acetylation dynamics occur upon DNA damage in part to regulate chromatin and BRD protein interactions that mediate key DDR activities. In cancer, DDR and acetylation pathways are often mutated or abnormally expressed. DNA damaging agents and drugs targeting epigenetic regulators, including HATs, HDACs, and BRD proteins, are used or are being developed to treat cancer. Here, we discuss how histone acetylation pathways, with a focus on acetylation reader proteins, promote genome stability and the DDR. We analyze how acetylation signaling impacts the DDR in the context of cancer and its treatments. Understanding the relationship between epigenetic regulators, the DDR, and chromatin is integral for obtaining a mechanistic understanding of genome and epigenome maintenance pathways, information that can be leveraged for targeting acetylation signaling, and/or the DDR to treat diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fade Gong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Li-Ya Chiu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kyle M. Miller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Molecular and cellular effects of a novel hydroxamate-based HDAC inhibitor - belinostat - in glioblastoma cell lines: a preliminary report. Invest New Drugs 2016; 34:552-64. [PMID: 27468826 PMCID: PMC5007275 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are now intensively investigated as potential cytostatic agents in many malignancies. Here, we provide novel information concerning the influence of belinostat (Bel), a hydroxamate-based pan-HDAC inhibitor, on glioblastoma LN-229 and LN-18 cells. We found that LN-229 cells stimulated with 2 μmol/L of Bel for 48 h resulted in 70 % apoptosis, while equivalent treatment of LN-18 cells resulted in only 28 % apoptosis. In LN-229 cells this effect was followed by up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes including Puma, Bim, Chop and p21. In treated LN-18 cells only p21 was markedly overexpressed. Simultaneously, LN-229 cells treated with 2 μmol/L of Bel for 48 h exhibited down-regulation of molecular chaperones GRP78 and GRP94 at the protein level. In contrast, in LN-18 cells Western blot analysis did not show any marked changes in GRP78 nor GRP94 expression. Despite noticeable overexpression of p21, there were no signs of evident G1 nor G2/M cell cycle arrest, however, the reduction in number of the S phase cells was observed in both cell lines. These results collectively suggest that Bel can be considered as potential anti-glioblastoma agent. To our knowledge this is the first report presenting the effects of belinostat treatment in glioblastoma cell lines.
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Campbell P, Thomas CM. Belinostat for the treatment of relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2016; 23:143-147. [PMID: 26921086 DOI: 10.1177/1078155216634178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma is a heterogenous non-Hodgkin Lymphoma with historically poor outcomes. Currently, response rates remain poor with traditional chemotherapy and many of those responding to initial therapy will relapse. Belinostat (Beleodaq, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) approved for use in relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). Belinostat is metabolized hepatically through cytochrome P-450 enzymes 3A4, 2C9, and 2A6; however, no empiric dosage adjustments of belinostat are recommended during concurrent use of inhibitors or inducers of these enzymes. Belinostat's efficacy has been evaluated in a clinical trial showing an overall response rate (ORR) of 25.8% and a median duration of response of 8.4 months. Belinostat is generally well tolerated, with the most common adverse reactions (>25%) being nausea, vomiting, fatigue, pyrexia, and anemia in patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL. Belinostat is a safe and effective treatment option for relapsed and refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma, with many future applications currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Campbell
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, University Hospital of Columbia and Cornell, New York, USA
| | - Christan M Thomas
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, University Hospital of Columbia and Cornell, New York, USA.,2 Department of Clinical Health Professions, College of Pharmacy, St. John's University, New York, USA
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Marano F, Argenziano M, Frairia R, Adamini A, Bosco O, Rinella L, Fortunati N, Cavalli R, Catalano MG. Doxorubicin-Loaded Nanobubbles Combined with Extracorporeal Shock Waves: Basis for a New Drug Delivery Tool in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2016; 26:705-16. [PMID: 26906083 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No standard chemotherapy is available for anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Drug-loaded nanobubbles (NBs) are a promising innovative anticancer drug formulation, and combining them with an externally applied trigger may further control drug release at the target region. Extracorporeal shock waves (ESWs) are acoustic waves widely used in urology and orthopedics, with no side effects. The aim of the present work was to combine ESWs and new doxorubicin-loaded glycol chitosan NBs in order to target doxorubicin and enhance its antitumor effect in ATC cell lines. METHODS CAL-62 and 8305C cells were treated with empty NBs, fluorescent NBs, free doxorubicin, and doxorubicin-loaded NBs in the presence or in the absence of ESWs. NB entrance was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytofluorimetry. Cell viability was assessed by Trypan Blue exclusion and WST-1 proliferation assays. Doxorubicin intracellular content was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Treatment with empty NBs and ESWs, even in combination, was safe, as cell viability and growth were not affected. Loading NBs with doxorubicin and combining them with ESWs generated the highest cytotoxic effect, resulting in drug GI50 reduction of about 40%. Mechanistically, ESWs triggered intracellular drug release from NBs, resulting in the highest nuclear drug content. CONCLUSIONS Combined treatment with doxorubicin-loaded NBs and ESWs is a promising drug delivery tool for ATC treatment with the possibility of using lower doxorubicin doses and thus limiting its systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marano
- 1 Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Argenziano
- 2 Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Frairia
- 1 Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| | - Aloe Adamini
- 1 Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| | - Ornella Bosco
- 1 Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| | - Letizia Rinella
- 1 Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Fortunati
- 3 Oncological Endocrinology, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- 2 Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
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Kim SH, Kang JG, Kim CS, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Yoo HJ, Lee SJ. The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor SNX5422 has a synergistic activity with histone deacetylase inhibitors in induction of death of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Endocrine 2016. [PMID: 26219406 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) inhibitor SNX5422 alone or in combination with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors PXD101, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), and trichostatin A (TSA) on survival of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells was investigated. In 8505C and CAL62 cells, SNX5422 caused cell death with concomitant changes in the expression of hsp90 client proteins. After treatment of both SNX5422 and PXD101, SAHA and TSA, compared with treatment of SNX5422 alone, cell viability was diminished, whereas inhibition rate and cytotoxic activity were enhanced. All of the combination index values were lower than 1.0, suggesting the synergism between SNX5422 and PXD101, SAHA and TSA in induction of cell death. In cells treated with both SNX5422 and PXD101, SAHA and TSA, compared with cells treated with SNX5422 alone, the protein levels of Akt, phospho-4EBP1, phospho-S6 K, and survivin were diminished, while those of γH2AX, acetyl. histone H3, acetyl. histone H4, cleaved PARP, and cleaved caspase-3 were enhanced. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that SNX5422 has a cytotoxic activity in conjunction with alterations in the expression of hsp90 client proteins in ATC cells. Moreover, SNX5422 synergizes with HDAC inhibitors in induction of cytotoxicity accompanied by the suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and survivin, and the overexpression of DNA damage-related proteins in ATC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Goo Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Sik Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Ihm
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Gi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Catalano MG, Pugliese M, Gallo M, Brignardello E, Milla P, Orlandi F, Limone PP, Arvat E, Boccuzzi G, Piovesan A. Valproic Acid, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, in Combination with Paclitaxel for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Results of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Phase II/III Trial. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:2930414. [PMID: 27766105 PMCID: PMC5059567 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2930414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) has a median survival less than 5 months and, to date, no effective therapy exists. Taxanes have recently been stated as the main drug treatment for ATC, and the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid efficiently potentiates the effects of paclitaxel in vitro. Based on these data, this trial assessed the efficacy and safety of the combination of paclitaxel and valproic acid for the treatment of ATC. This was a randomized, controlled phase II/III trial, performed on 25 ATC patients across 5 centers in northwest Italy. The experimental arm received the combination of paclitaxel (80 mg/m2/weekly) and valproic acid (1,000 mg/day); the control arm received paclitaxel alone. Overall survival and disease progression, evaluated in terms of progression-free survival, were the primary outcomes. The secondary outcome was the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel. The coadministration of valproic acid did not influence the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel. Neither median survival nor median time to progression was statistically different in the two arms. Median survival of operated-on patients was significantly better than that of patients who were not operated on. The present trial demonstrates that the addition of valproic acid to paclitaxel has no effect on overall survival and disease progression of ATC patients. This trial is registered with EudraCT 2008-005221-11.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Gallo
- Oncological Endocrinology, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino” Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Brignardello
- Transition Unit for Childhood Cancer Survivors, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino” Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Milla
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Orlandi
- Section of Endocrinology, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Piero Limone
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Unit, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano di Torino, “Umberto I” Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Arvat
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Oncological Endocrinology, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino” Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Piovesan
- Oncological Endocrinology, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino” Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Agarwal N, McPherson JP, Bailey H, Gupta S, Werner TL, Reddy G, Bhat G, Bailey EB, Sharma S. A phase I clinical trial of the effect of belinostat on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 77:299-308. [PMID: 26719074 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Belinostat is a potent small molecule inhibitor that exerts its antitumor effect through inhibition of histone deacetylase. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin (as a reference drug metabolized by CYP2C9) in the presence and absence of belinostat. METHODS We conducted a phase I, single-center, open-label, drug-drug interaction study between belinostat and warfarin. In part I, patients were given warfarin 5 mg orally (day-14 and 3) and belinostat 1000 mg/m(2) (days 1 through 5). Patients receiving benefit continued belinostat on days 1 through 5 every 21 days until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or per patient preference. RESULTS A total of 18 patients were treated. With belinostat, the least-squared means for maximum concentration (C max), area under the curve0-∞, and area under the curve0-t of R-warfarin were slightly increased. However, for the more potent S-warfarin isomer, the same parameters were primarily contained within the pre-specified equivalence limits of 0.80 and 1.25, indicating there was no statistically significant interaction between S-warfarin and belinostat. The most common adverse events were nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Three grade 3 adverse events (diarrhea 5.6 %, nausea 5.6 %, and vomiting 5.6 %) were thought to be treatment related. Progression-free survival ranged from 0.2 to 13.8 months in all patients. CONCLUSIONS Belinostat did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin, indicating no clinically relevant effect on the enzymatic activity of CYP2C9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA.
| | - Jordan P McPherson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA
| | - Hanna Bailey
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA
| | - Sumati Gupta
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA
| | - Theresa L Werner
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA
| | - Guru Reddy
- Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Erin B Bailey
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA
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Links TP, Verbeek HHG, Hofstra RMW, Plukker JTM. Endocrine tumours: progressive metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma: first- and second-line strategies. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 172:R241-51. [PMID: 25627652 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The treatment for metastasised medullary thyroid cancer is still a topic of discussion. One of the main challenges remains to find effective adjuvant and palliative options for patients with metastatic disease. The diagnostic and treatment strategies for this tumour are discussed and possible new developments commented. Approaches that target rearranged during transfection (RET) are preferable to those that target RET downstream proteins as, theoretically, blocking RET downstream targets will block only one of the many pathways activated by RET. Combining several agents would seem to be more promising, in particular agents that target RET with those that independently target RET signalling pathways or the more general mechanism of tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thera P Links
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of GeneticsErasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans H G Verbeek
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of GeneticsErasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of GeneticsErasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John Th M Plukker
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of GeneticsErasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Surgical OncologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Smith N, Nucera C. Personalized therapy in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer: targeting genetic and epigenetic alterations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:35-42. [PMID: 25347569 PMCID: PMC4283016 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most lethal of all thyroid cancers and one of the most aggressive human carcinomas. In the search for effective treatment options, research toward targeted, personalized therapies is proving to be a path with great potential. As we gain a deeper understanding of the genetic (eg, BRAF(V600E), PIK3CA, TP53, hTERT mutations, etc) and epigenetic (eg, histone methylation, histone de-acetylation, microRNA regulatory circuits, etc) alterations driving ATC, we are able to find targets when developing novel therapies to improve the lives of patients. Beyond development, we can look into the effectiveness of already approved targeted therapies (eg, anti-BRAF(V600E) selective inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, inhibitors of DNA methylation, etc) to potentially test in ATC after learning the molecular mechanisms that aid in tumor progression. DESIGN We performed a literature analysis in Medline through the PubMed web site for studies published between 2003 and 2014 using the following main keywords: anaplastic thyroid cancer, genetic and epigenetic alterations. OBJECTIVE Here, we outlined the common pathways that are altered in ATC, including the BRAF(V600E)/ERK1/2-MEK1/2 and PI3K-AKT pathways. We then examined the current research looking into personalized, potential targeted therapies in ATC, mentioning those that have been tentatively advanced into clinical trials and those with the potential to reach that stage. We also reviewed side effects of the current and potential targeted therapies used in patients with advanced thyroid cancer. CONCLUSIONS DNA and RNA next-generation sequencing analysis will be fundamental to unraveling a precise medicine and therapy in patients with ATC. Indeed, given the deep biological heterogeneity/complexity and high histological grade of this malignancy and its tumor microenvironment, personalized therapeutic approaches possibly based on the use of combinatorial targeted therapy will provide a rational approach when finding the optimal way to improve treatments for patients with ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Smith
- Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Cancer Biology and Angiogenesis, Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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