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Lee OYC, Wu HHT, Besra GS, Minnikin DE, Jaeger HY, Maixner F, Zink A, Gasparik M, Pap I, Bereczki Z, Pálfi G. Sensitive lipid biomarker detection for tuberculosis in late Neanderthal skeletons from Subalyuk Cave, Hungary. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143S:102420. [PMID: 38012927 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal remains of two Neanderthal individuals, a 25-35 year-old woman and a 3-4 year-old child, were discovered in a Subalyuk Cave in North-Eastern Hungary. Radiocarbon dating of the female and child remains revealed an age of 39,732-39,076 and 36,117-35,387 cal BP, respectively. Paleopathological studies of these Neanderthal remains revealed probable evidence of skeletal mycobacterial infection, including in the sacrum of the adult specimen and the endocranial surface of the child's skull. Application of PCR amplification to the juvenile cranium and a vertebra gave a positive result (IS6110) for tuberculosis, backed up by spoligotyping. Lipid biomarker analyses of the same two specimens revealed definitive signals for C32 mycoserosates, a very characteristic component of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). A vertebra from the adult provided weak evidence for mycocerosate biomarkers. The correlation of probable skeletal lesions with characteristic amplified DNA fragments and a proven lipid biomarker points to the presence of tuberculosis in these Neanderthals. In particular, the closely similar biomarker profiles, for two distinct juvenile cranial and vertebral bones, strengthen this diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oona Y-C Lee
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Houdini H T Wu
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
| | - David E Minnikin
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Heidi Y Jaeger
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Frank Maixner
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Mihály Gasparik
- Department of Palaeontology and Geology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary; Department of Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bereczki
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Hungary
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Libor C, Hajdu T, Szeniczey T, Kovács LO, Kunos L, Mateovics-László O. "Tuberculosis on the spot" - Discussion of a probable sternal tuberculosis from a late medieval cemetery from Hungary. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143S:102410. [PMID: 38012916 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of non-adult remains are particularly suitable for finding epidemic periods in past populations. This study presents a probable unique example of osseous manifestation of tuberculosis on a child's skeletal remains from medieval Hungary. Between 2009 and 2011 the Field Service for Cultural Heritage excavated the exceptional cemetery of Perkáta - Nyúli-dűlő in Hungary, with around 5000+ graves. The analysed skeleton (SNR 948) was located in the medieval (10-16th century) part of the cemetery. Besides the standard macroscopic pathological observation, we also performed radiographic analysis. The remains of the child (13-14 year-old) showed numerous skeletal lesions: the ribs have proliferative lesions (dense nodules) on the visceral surface of the shaft, lytic lesions with rounded edges occurred on the thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies, and on the facies auricularis of the left ilium we can see pitting and new bone formation. What makes this pathological case exceptional is the significant change in the manubrium. It shows extensive osteolytic lesions, probably due to tuberculous osteomyelitis, which is a unique phenomenon in an archaeological context. This rare type of extra-spinal tuberculous osteomyelitis appears in less than 1% of cases with skeletal TB, and even less in case of children, according to modern medical literature. Although some cases of slight lesions on the manubrium have been described from an archaeological context, no such cases showing advanced lesions have been published so far. In the future, biomolecular analyses should be conducted as well, in order to confirm the presence of TB in this individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Libor
- Hungarian National Museum, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Váradi OA, Marcsik A, Masson M, Molnár E, Pap I, Spekker O, Szekeres A, Pálfi G. In gratitude for the collaborative partnership with David E. Minnikin. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143S:102364. [PMID: 38012937 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Anna Váradi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Antónia Marcsik
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Muriel Masson
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Erika Molnár
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika Tér 2-6, H-1083, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Olga Spekker
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Ancient and Modern Human Genomics Competence Centre, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Múzeum Körút 4/B, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
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Le Mort F, Baker JO, Chamel B, Coqueugniot H, Dutour O. Oldest evidence of tuberculosis in the Mediterranean islands: From the mainland to Cyprus. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143S:102388. [PMID: 38012923 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies combining macroscopical observations and microCT analysis strongly suggested the diagnosis of tuberculosis for a child from the site of Khirokitia (Cyprus, 7th - early 6th millennium cal. BC), whose age at death is between 5 and 7 years. Many single primary burials were discovered at the site where the dead (MNI = 243) are buried in the same way, whatever their age. Nevertheless, the burial of this child presents a unique feature on the site (a male Ovis trophy marking the limit of the burial pit), probably indicating specific attention for this young deceased. This case is the oldest known in the Mediterranean islands and presents a particular interest from a paleoepidemiological point of view. Indeed, considering, on the one hand, the settlement pattern of the island of Cyprus by migrants from the Near East, and on the other hand, the presence of human tuberculosis in the Near East as early as about 10,500 years BP, it is very likely that the prehistoric migrants brought the disease from mainland to Cyprus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Le Mort
- Univ Lyon, Archéorient (UMR 5133 CNRS/Université Lyon 2), Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée - Jean Pouilloux, 7 rue Raulin, 69365, Lyon cedex 07, France.
| | - Joseph Oussama Baker
- Univ Lyon, Archéorient (UMR 5133 CNRS/Université Lyon 2), Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée - Jean Pouilloux, 7 rue Raulin, 69365, Lyon cedex 07, France; École Pratique des Hautes Études, PSL Université, 4-14 rue Ferrus, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - Bérénice Chamel
- Univ Lyon, Archéorient (UMR 5133 CNRS/Université Lyon 2), Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée - Jean Pouilloux, 7 rue Raulin, 69365, Lyon cedex 07, France.
| | - Hélène Coqueugniot
- École Pratique des Hautes Études, PSL Université, 4-14 rue Ferrus, 75014, Paris, France; UMR 5199 - PACEA, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Olivier Dutour
- École Pratique des Hautes Études, PSL Université, 4-14 rue Ferrus, 75014, Paris, France; UMR 5199 - PACEA, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France.
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Pálfi G, Molnár E, Bereczki Z, Coqueugniot H, Dutour O, Tillier AM, Rosendahl W, Sklánitz A, Mester Z, Gasparik M, Maixner F, Zink A, Minnikin DE, Pap I. Re-examination of the Subalyuk Neanderthal remains uncovers signs of probable TB infection (Subalyuk Cave, Hungary). Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143S:102419. [PMID: 38012926 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In 1932, skeletal remains of two Neanderthal individuals, a young adult female and a 3-4-year-old child, were discovered in Subalyuk Cave in Northern Hungary [1,2]. Results of the anthropological examination were published some years after this important discovery. Methodological progress encouraged re-examination of the material during the last few years. Radiocarbon dating revealed a chronological age of 39,732-39,076 cal. BP for the adult female and 36,117-35,387 cal. BP for the child [3]. Morphological paleopathological studies of these Neanderthal remains uncovered distinct evidence of skeletal infections. Alterations of the adult individual's sacrum suggest probable early-stage sacroiliitis, while several vertebral bodies indicate superficial osseous remodelling of infectious origin. Traces of pathological lesions were observed on the endocranial surface of the child's skull, reflecting a reaction of meningeal tissues, a consequence of a probable TB-related meningeal infectious process. Results of recent paleomicrobiological examinations - lipid biomarker and aDNA studies - support the morphological diagnosis of probable TB infections [4].
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Affiliation(s)
- György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Erika Molnár
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Bereczki
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Hélène Coqueugniot
- UMR 6034 Archéosciences Bordeaux, CNRS, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes - PSL University Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Dutour
- UMR 6034 Archéosciences Bordeaux, CNRS, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes - PSL University Paris, France.
| | | | | | - Antal Sklánitz
- Central Quality Laboratory, Continental Automotive Hungary Ltd, Budapest, Napmátka u. 6, 1106, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Mester
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; UMR 7194 HNHP CNRS/MNHN/UPVD, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Paris, France.
| | - Mihály Gasparik
- Department of Palaeontology and Geology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary.
| | - Frank Maixner
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - David E Minnikin
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Lee OYC, Wu HHT, Besra GS. Professor David Minnikin Memorial Lecture: An era of the mycobacterial cell wall lipid biomarkers. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143S:102415. [PMID: 38012929 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor David Ernest Minnikin (1939-2021). David was one of the key scientists who pioneered the field of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell envelope research for over half a century. From the classification, identification, and extraction of the unusual lipids of the mycobacterial cell wall, to exploiting them as characteristic lipid biomarkers for sensitive detection, his ideas enlightened a whole world of possibilities within the tuberculosis (TB) field. In addition, his definition of the intricate models now forms a key milestone in our understanding of the M. tuberculosis cell envelope and has resolved many unanswered questions on the evolution of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oona Y-C Lee
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Coventry Road Medical Centre, Small Heath, Birmingham, B10 0UG, United Kingdom
| | - Houdini H T Wu
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Coventry Road Medical Centre, Small Heath, Birmingham, B10 0UG, United Kingdom; UK Health Security Agency, Public Health Laboratory, Birmingham, B5 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Dutour O. The paleopathology and paleoepidemiology of Upper paleolithic tuberculosis: Review of evidence and hypotheses. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143S:102348. [PMID: 38012915 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular phylogeny work has shown that tuberculosis is ancient human-adapted infection predating the Neolithic period. They also show that the Upper Paleolithic is a key period of emergence of the MTB complex strains, contemporary with the exit of modern man from Africa. Despite the richness of Upper Paleolithic sites in Eurasia and the relative abundance of human remains, the only proven case of Paleolithic tuberculosis has been described so far date from the Azilian, a culture of the European Final Paleolithic, which is more recent than the ancient Neolithic sites of the Near East, area that currently hold the record for the oldest paleopathological evidence of tuberculosis. The purpose of this review is to present evidence for the existence of tuberculosis in the Paleolithic and to list hypotheses explaining the weak demonstrative contribution of paleopathology for pre-Neolithic periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dutour
- Ecole Pratique des Haute Etudes, PSL University Paris, France; UMR 5199 PACEA (Université de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), France.
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Gémes A, Mateovics-László O, Anders A, Raczky P, Szabó G, Somogyi K, Keszi T, Gyenesei KÉ, Kovács LO, Marcsik A, Szabó LD, Kiss K, Köhler K, Zoffmann ZK, Szeniczey T, Hajdu T. Tuberculosis in prehistory in Eastern Central Europe (Hungary) - Chronological and geographical distribution. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143S:102396. [PMID: 38012936 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has long been a major scourge of humankind. Paleopathological and paleomicrobiological studies have revealed the past presence of the disease on a large spatial and temporal scale. The antiquity of the disease has extensively been studied in the Carpathian Basin, given its dynamic population and cultural changes since prehistory. These studies, however, have mainly focused on the populations living during the Common Era. The aim of this paper is to present the published and the recently discovered cases of prehistoric TB, from the Neolithic (6000-4500/4400 BCE) to the Bronze Age (2600/2500-800 BCE) Central Carpathian Basin (Hungary). We summarize 18 published cases and present new cases dating to the Neolithic period and introduce 3 newly discovered Bronze Age cases of TB. Despite extensive research, TB has not yet been identified from the Copper and Iron Ages in the Carpathian Basin. Considering the state of TB research, and supplemented by our prehistoric dataset, the spatio-temporal pattern of the disease can be further elucidated, thus advancing future molecular and paleopathological studies. Our dataset offers comprehensive spatial and temporal information on the spread of the disease in the Carpathian Basin, along with a detailed biological profile of the demonstrated cases and extensive paleopathological descriptions of the observed lesions, complemented by photographic evidence. This invaluable resource paves the way for enhanced understanding and progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Gémes
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | - Alexandra Anders
- Institute of Archeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Raczky
- Institute of Archeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Katalin Éva Gyenesei
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Antónia Marcsik
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Krisztián Kiss
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Kitti Köhler
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Tamás Szeniczey
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Zink A, Maixner F, Jäger HY, Szikossy I, Pálfi G, Pap I. Tuberculosis in mummies - New findings, perspectives and limitations. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143S:102371. [PMID: 38012931 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The molecular analysis of ancient pathogen DNA represents a unique opportunity for the study of infectious diseases in ancient human remains. Among other diseases, paleogenetic studies have been successful in detecting tuberculous DNA in ancient human remains. In the beginning of ancient DNA (aDNA) studies, the presence of tuberculosis (TB) DNA was assessed using a PCR-based assay targeting specific regions of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex, such as the repetitive element IS6110. The advent of high-throughput sequencing has enabled the reconstruction of full ancient TB genomes in the field of paleomicrobiology. However, despite the numerous paleopathological and PCR-based studies on the presence of tuberculosis in historic human remains, full genome wide reconstructions are still limited to well-preserved specimens with low environmental contamination and connected with extensive screening efforts. This has led to some controversies regarding the evolutionary history of its causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this context, mummies have been shown to be a good source for the detection of MTB complex DNA due to a low exposure to environmental influences and the overall good state of preservation of hard and soft tissues in the human remains. Here, we present the major findings on the presence of TB infections in the 18th century naturally mummified human remains from Vác, Hungary and the current status of the detection of MTB complex DNA in mummified human remains. The future perspectives of detecting tuberculosis in mummies will be discussed in the light of methodological aspects, as well as ethical and curational challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Frank Maixner
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Ildikó Szikossy
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Giuffra V, Minozzi S, Aringhieri G, Campana S, Riccomi G. A case of secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy from medieval Tuscany (central Italy, 10th-12th centuries CE). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2023; 43:51-57. [PMID: 37742426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to provide a detailed evaluation of a case of secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) and to explore insights into the presence and consequences of disease in medieval rural Italy. MATERIALS The skeleton of a male (US 4405) with an estimated age at death of 51-69 years excavated from the medieval rural site of Pieve di Pava (Siena, Italy). METHODS Macroscopic and radiological (x-ray, CT) analyses were performed. RESULTS Symmetrical extensive periosteal new bone formation on the diaphyseal and metaphyseal regions of this individual's long bones; the lower limbs were more extensively and severely affected than the upper limbs and the distal segments were more severely altered in comparison to the proximal ones. CONCLUSIONS The macroscopic and radiological features are highly consistent with a diagnosis of secondary HOA. SIGNIFICANCE The excellent state of preservation allowed the evaluation of rarely noted skeletal manifestations of HOA and provided insight into aspects of rural life in medieval Italy. LIMITATIONS Molecular analysis was not successful in sequencing the aDNA of tuberculosis, therefore the underlying primary cause of secondary HOA, whether pulmonary or extrapulmonary, remains obscure in this case. SUGGESTION FOR THE FUTURE RESEARCH It is advisable to regularly revisit the data available from osteoarchaeological collections in order to identify further cases of HOA, along with to further investigate the known cases to search for the underlying primary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Giuffra
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simona Minozzi
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Aringhieri
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Campana
- Department of History and Cultural Heritage, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Riccomi
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
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Papa V, Galassi FM, Varotto E, Gori A, Vaccarezza M. The Evolution of Diagnostic Techniques in the Paleopathology of Tuberculosis: A Scoping Review. Pathog Immun 2023; 8:93-116. [PMID: 37900966 PMCID: PMC10603826 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v8i1.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient chronic infectious disease that remains a global health concern. In human remains, the most common and characteristic clinical signs are the skeletal modifications involving the spine, such as in Pott's disease. Diagnosing TB in ancient human remains is challenging. Therefore, in this systematic review, the authors investigated the studies assessing molecular diagnosis of Pott's disease in ancient human remains with the intention to survey the literature, map the evidence, and identify gaps and future perspectives on TB in paleopathology. Our systematic review offers a full contextualization of the history of Pott's disease in ancient times. Our search strategy was performed between August 2022 and March 2023. The authors initially identified 340 records, and 74 studies were finally included and assessed for qualitative analysis. Due to non-specific clinical signs associated with TB, how best to diagnose tuberculosis in human remains still represents a central point. Nevertheless, ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis, lipid biomarkers, and spoligotyping might be extremely useful tools in the study of TB in human remains. Moreover, we propose the extraction and study of immune response genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity versus Mycobacterium spp. as an innovative and vastly overlooked approach in TB paleopathology. Complementary methodologies should be integrated to provide the best approach to the study of TB in human remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Papa
- Forensic Anthropology, Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology (FAPAB) Research Center, Avola, Italy
- Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity, and Sports Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope,” Naples, Italy
- School of Science, Engineering and Health, University of Naples “Parthenope,” Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco M. Galassi
- Forensic Anthropology, Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology (FAPAB) Research Center, Avola, Italy
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elena Varotto
- Forensic Anthropology, Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology (FAPAB) Research Center, Avola, Italy
- Archaeology, College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrea Gori
- I Division of Infectious Diseases, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102 Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102 Western Australia, Australia
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12
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Silcocks M, Dunstan SJ. Parallel signatures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human Y-chromosome phylogeography support the Two Layer model of East Asian population history. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1037. [PMID: 37833496 PMCID: PMC10575886 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Two Layer hypothesis is fast becoming the favoured narrative describing East Asian population history. Under this model, hunter-gatherer groups who initially peopled East Asia via a route south of the Himalayas were assimilated by agriculturalist migrants who arrived via a northern route across Eurasia. A lack of ancient samples from tropical East Asia limits the resolution of this model. We consider insight afforded by patterns of variation within the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by analysing its phylogeographic signatures jointly with the human Y-chromosome. We demonstrate the Y-chromosome lineages enriched in the traditionally hunter-gatherer groups associated with East Asia's first layer of peopling to display deep roots, low long-term effective population size, and diversity patterns consistent with a southern entry route. These characteristics mirror those of the evolutionarily ancient Mtb lineage 1. The remaining East Asian Y-chromosome lineage is almost entirely absent from traditionally hunter-gatherer groups and displays spatial and temporal characteristics which are incompatible with a southern entry route, and which link it to the development of agriculture in modern-day China. These characteristics mirror those of the evolutionarily modern Mtb lineage 2. This model paves the way for novel host-pathogen coevolutionary research hypotheses in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Silcocks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sarah J Dunstan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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13
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Meintjes WAJ. Silicosis and silicotuberculosis: Ancient diseases that are still not conquered. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med 2023; 29:10.7196/AJTCCM.2023.v29i3.1495. [PMID: 37970572 PMCID: PMC10642407 DOI: 10.7196/ajtccm.2023.v29i3.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W A J Meintjes
- Head: Occupational Medicine, Tygerberg Hospital, Western Cape Department
of Health and Wellness, Cape Town, South Africa; Senior Lecturer, Division of
Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of
Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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14
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Wood PL, Erol E. Construction of a Bacterial Lipidomics Analytical Platform: Pilot Validation with Bovine Paratuberculosis Serum. Metabolites 2023; 13:809. [PMID: 37512516 PMCID: PMC10383236 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipidomics analyses of bacteria offer the potential to detect and monitor infections in a host since many bacterial lipids are not present in mammals. To evaluate this omics approach, we first built a database of bacterial lipids for representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Our lipidomics analysis of the reference bacteria involved high-resolution mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization with less than a 1.0 ppm mass error. The lipidomics profiles of bacterial cultures clearly distinguished between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In the case of bovine paratuberculosis (PTB) serum, we monitored two unique bacterial lipids that we also monitored in Mycobacterium avian subspecies PTB. These were PDIM-B C82, a phthiodiolone dimycocerosate, and the trehalose monomycolate hTMM 28:1, constituents of the bacterial cell envelope in mycolic-containing bacteria. The next step will be to determine if lipidomics can detect subclinical PTB infections which can last 2-to-4 years in bovine PTB. Our data further suggest that it will be worthwhile to continue building our bacterial lipidomics database and investigate the further utility of this approach in other infections of veterinary and human clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Wood
- Metabolomics Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA
| | - Erdal Erol
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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15
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Panaiotov S, Madzharov D, Hodzhev Y. Biodiversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Bulgaria Related to Human Migrations or Ecological Adaptation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010146. [PMID: 35056596 PMCID: PMC8778017 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulgaria is among the 18 high-priority countries of the WHO European Region with high rates of tuberculosis. The causative agent of tuberculosis is thought to have emerged in Africa 70,000 years ago, or during the Neolithic age, and colonized the world through human migrations. The established main lineages of tuberculosis correlate highly with geography. The goal of our study was to investigate the biodiversity of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis in Bulgaria in association with human migration history during the last 10 centuries. We analyzed spoligotypes and MIRU-VNTR genotyping data of 655 drug-sensitive and 385 multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains collected in Bulgaria from 2008 to 2018. We assigned the genotype of all isolates using SITVITWEB and MIRU-VNTRplus databases and software. We investigated the major well-documented historical events of immigration to Bulgaria that occurred during the last millennium. Genetic profiles demonstrated that, with the exceptions of 3 strains of Mycobacterium bovis and 18 strains of Lineage 2 (W/Beijing spoligotype), only Lineage 4 (Euro-American) was widely diffused in Bulgaria. Analysis of well-documented immigrations of Roma from the Indian subcontinent during the 10th to the 12th centuries, Turkic peoples from Central Asia in the medieval centuries, and more recently Armenians, Russians, and Africans in the 20th century influenced the biodiversity of M. tuberculosis in Bulgaria but only with genotypes of sublineages within the L4. We hypothesize that these sublineages were more virulent, or that ecological adaptation of imported M. tuberculosis genotypes was the main driver contributing to the current genetic biodiversity of M. tuberculosis in Bulgaria. We also hypothesize that some yet unknown local environmental factors may have been decisive in the success of imported genotypes. The ecological factors leading to local genetic biodiversity in M. tuberculosis are multifactorial and have not yet been fully clarified. The coevolution of long-lasting pathogen hosts should be studied, taking into account environmental and ecological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Panaiotov
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-887-720-061
| | | | - Yordan Hodzhev
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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16
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Váradi OA, Rakk D, Spekker O, Terhes G, Urbán E, Berthon W, Pap I, Szikossy I, Maixner F, Zink A, Vágvölgyi C, Donoghue HD, Minnikin DE, Szekeres A, Pálfi G. Verification of tuberculosis infection among Vác mummies (18th century CE, Hungary) based on lipid biomarker profiling with a new HPLC-HESI-MS approach. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 126:102037. [PMID: 33338873 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) was a large burden of infections that peaked during the 19th century in Europe. Mummies from the 18th century CE, discovered in the crypt of a church at Vác, Hungary, had high TB prevalence, as revealed by amplification of key fragments of TB DNA and genome-wide TB analysis. Complementary methods are needed to confirm these diagnoses and one approach uses the identification of specific lipid biomarkers, such as TB mycocerosic acids (MCs). Previously, MC derivatives were profiled by specialised gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), so an alternative more direct approach has been developed. Underivatized MCs are extracted and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography linked to a mass spectrometer, in heated electrospray ionisation mode (HPLC-HESI-MS). The method was validated using representatives of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and other mycobacteria and tested on six Vác mummy cases, previously considered positive for TB infection. Analysing both rib and soft tissue samples, four out of six cases gave profiles of main C32 and major C29 and C39 mycocerosates correlating well with those of M. tuberculosis. Multidisciplinary methods are needed in the diagnosis of ancient tuberculosis; this new protocol accesses important confirmatory evidence, as demonstrated by the confirmation of TB in the Vác mummies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Anna Váradi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Dávid Rakk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Olga Spekker
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Terhes
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: P.O.B. 427, H-6701, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Edit Urbán
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary. Postal address: Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary. Postal address: Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - William Berthon
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary. Postal address: Ludovika tér 2-6, H-1083, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Szikossy
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary. Postal address: Ludovika tér 2-6, H-1083, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Frank Maixner
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy. Postal address: Viale Druso, 1, I-39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy. Postal address: Viale Druso, 1, I-39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Helen D Donoghue
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK. Postal address: Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - David E Minnikin
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, UK. Postal Address: B15 2TT Birmingham, UK.
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Postal address: Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
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17
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Sabin S, Herbig A, Vågene ÅJ, Ahlström T, Bozovic G, Arcini C, Kühnert D, Bos KI. A seventeenth-century Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome supports a Neolithic emergence of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Genome Biol 2020; 21:201. [PMID: 32778135 PMCID: PMC7418204 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although tuberculosis accounts for the highest mortality from a bacterial infection on a global scale, questions persist regarding its origin. One hypothesis based on modern Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) genomes suggests their most recent common ancestor followed human migrations out of Africa approximately 70,000 years before present. However, studies using ancient genomes as calibration points have yielded much younger dates of less than 6000 years. Here, we aim to address this discrepancy through the analysis of the highest-coverage and highest-quality ancient MTBC genome available to date, reconstructed from a calcified lung nodule of Bishop Peder Winstrup of Lund (b. 1605-d. 1679). RESULTS A metagenomic approach for taxonomic classification of whole DNA content permitted the identification of abundant DNA belonging to the human host and the MTBC, with few non-TB bacterial taxa comprising the background. Genomic enrichment enabled the reconstruction of a 141-fold coverage M. tuberculosis genome. In utilizing this high-quality, high-coverage seventeenth-century genome as a calibration point for dating the MTBC, we employed multiple Bayesian tree models, including birth-death models, which allowed us to model pathogen population dynamics and data sampling strategies more realistically than those based on the coalescent. CONCLUSIONS The results of our metagenomic analysis demonstrate the unique preservation environment calcified nodules provide for DNA. Importantly, we estimate a most recent common ancestor date for the MTBC of between 2190 and 4501 before present and for Lineage 4 of between 929 and 2084 before present using multiple models, confirming a Neolithic emergence for the MTBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Sabin
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Herbig
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Åshild J. Vågene
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Present address: Section for Evolutionary Genomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torbjörn Ahlström
- Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gracijela Bozovic
- Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Physiology, Skåne University Hospital Lund and Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Arcini
- Arkeologerna, National Historical Museum, 226 60 Lund, Sweden
| | - Denise Kühnert
- Transmission, Infection, Diversification & Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kirsten I. Bos
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
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18
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Arning N, Wilson DJ. The past, present and future of ancient bacterial DNA. Microb Genom 2020; 6:mgen000384. [PMID: 32598277 PMCID: PMC7478633 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Groundbreaking studies conducted in the mid-1980s demonstrated the possibility of sequencing ancient DNA (aDNA), which has allowed us to answer fundamental questions about the human past. Microbiologists were thus given a powerful tool to glimpse directly into inscrutable bacterial history, hitherto inaccessible due to a poor fossil record. Initially plagued by concerns regarding contamination, the field has grown alongside technical progress, with the advent of high-throughput sequencing being a breakthrough in sequence output and authentication. Albeit burdened with challenges unique to the analysis of bacteria, a growing number of viable sources for aDNA has opened multiple avenues of microbial research. Ancient pathogens have been extracted from bones, dental pulp, mummies and historical medical specimens and have answered focal historical questions such as identifying the aetiological agent of the black death as Yersinia pestis. Furthermore, ancient human microbiomes from fossilized faeces, mummies and dental plaque have shown shifts in human commensals through the Neolithic demographic transition and industrial revolution, whereas environmental isolates stemming from permafrost samples have revealed signs of ancient antimicrobial resistance. Culminating in an ever-growing repertoire of ancient genomes, the quickly expanding body of bacterial aDNA studies has also enabled comparisons of ancient genomes to their extant counterparts, illuminating the evolutionary history of bacteria. In this review we summarize the present avenues of research and contextualize them in the past of the field whilst also pointing towards questions still to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Arning
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Daniel J. Wilson
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
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19
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Borówka P, Pułaski Ł, Marciniak B, Borowska-Strugińska B, Dziadek J, Żądzińska E, Lorkiewicz W, Strapagiel D. Screening methods for detection of ancient Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex fingerprints in next-generation sequencing data derived from skeletal samples. Gigascience 2019; 8:5521156. [PMID: 31220249 PMCID: PMC6586198 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in ancient DNA studies, especially in increasing isolated DNA yields and quality, have opened the possibility of analysis of ancient host microbiome. However, such pitfalls as spurious identification of pathogens based on fragmentary data or environmental contamination could lead to incorrect epidaemiological conclusions. Within the Mycobacterium genus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members responsible for tuberculosis share up to ∼99% genomic sequence identity, while other more distantly related Mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis can be causative agents for pulmonary diseases or soil dwellers. Therefore, reliable determination of species complex is crucial for interpretation of sequencing results. RESULTS Here we present a novel bioinformatical approach, used for screening of ancient tuberculosis in sequencing data, derived from 28 individuals (dated 4400-4000 and 3100-2900 BC) from central Poland. We demonstrate that cost-effective next-generation screening sequencing data (∼20M reads per sample) could yield enough information to provide statistically supported identification of probable ancient disease cases. CONCLUSIONS Application of appropriate bioinformatic tools, including an unbiased selection of genomic alignment targets for species specificity, makes it possible to extract valid data from full-sample sequencing results (without subjective targeted enrichment procedures). This approach broadens the potential scope of palaeoepidaemiology both to older, suboptimally preserved samples and to pathogens with difficult intrageneric taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Borówka
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Łukasz Pułaski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.,Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Street, 93-232 Łódź, Poland
| | - Błażej Marciniak
- Biobank Lab, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, 14 Pilarskiego Street, 90-231 Łódź, Poland.,BBMRI.pl Consortium, 147 Stabłowicka Street, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Beata Borowska-Strugińska
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dziadek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Street, 93-232 Łódź, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Żądzińska
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Wiesław Lorkiewicz
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Lab, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, 14 Pilarskiego Street, 90-231 Łódź, Poland.,BBMRI.pl Consortium, 147 Stabłowicka Street, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
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20
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Loyer J, Murphy E, Ruppe M, Moiseyev V, Khartanovich V, Zammit J, Rottier S, Potrakhov N, Bessonov V, Obodovskiy A. Co-morbidity with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy: A possible Iron Age Sarmatian case from the Volga steppe of Russia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 24:66-78. [PMID: 30296644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a condition that can be inherited or acquired. It causes diffuse periosteal new bone formation on the long bones, with a predilection for the appendicular skeleton. When acquired, it is a nonspecific indicator of systemic disease that arises following a primary condition. This paper reviews the palaeopathological literature associated with this rare condition. It also describes the first possible case of co-morbidity associated with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in an adult skeleton (cal. BC 170 - 1 cal. AD) from the mobile pastoralist Sarmatian culture of the Volga steppes of Russia. METHODS Macroscopic and radiological examination provide differential diagnoses of the lesions, while clinical and bioarchaeological analyses offer insights into the possible experience of disease and social implications of care among the nomadic populations of Iron Age Russia. RESULTS The analysis of Sk. 6524.102 displays lesions that may be due to both hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and osteomalacia. The man was physically impaired and his participation in physically challenging activities would have been limited. CONCLUSIONS The study stresses that co-morbidity is a key parameter when interpreting disease in past populations, particularly when the diagnosis involves hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first case of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy identified in Eurasian prehistoric populations. The research emphasises the significance of co-morbidity in the past. LIMITATIONS The diagnosis of co-morbid diseases in human remains is extremely complex and the conditions were identified as most probable by a process of elimination. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Further studies should be dedicated to understanding co-morbidity in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanna Loyer
- Archaeology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Eileen Murphy
- Archaeology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Mary Ruppe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Houston Methodist hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
| | - Vyacheslav Moiseyev
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Kunstkamera Museum, 24 Sredniy Prospekt, Vasilievsky Island St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Valery Khartanovich
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Kunstkamera Museum, 24 Sredniy Prospekt, Vasilievsky Island St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Jean Zammit
- TRACES UMR 5608 and ISTHIA, CNRS/EHESS, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Maison de la Recherche 5, allée Antonio MACHADO 31058 Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.
| | - Stephane Rottier
- UMR 5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire CS, 50023 33615 PESSAC CEDEX, France.
| | - Nikolay Potrakhov
- Department of Electronic Devices, St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University «LETI», 5 Professora Popova street, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Victor Bessonov
- Department of Electronic Devices, St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University «LETI», 5 Professora Popova street, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Anatoliy Obodovskiy
- Department of Electronic Devices, St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University «LETI», 5 Professora Popova street, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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21
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Flohr S, Jasch I, Langer A, Riesenberg M, Hahn J, Wisotzki A, Kierdorf H, Kierdorf U, Wahl J. Secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in a male from the Early Medieval settlement of Lauchheim, Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2018; 20:72-79. [PMID: 29496219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is rarely diagnosed in archaeological human skeletons. Here, we report on the well-preserved skeleton of a middle-adult man from the early Medieval settlement site of Lauchheim (Germany) that exhibits pronounced multi-layered shell-like periosteal new bone formation in a bilaterally symmetric fashion on the long bones, the skeletal elements of the pelvis and those of the pectoral girdle. In addition, the two distal phalanges recovered show signs of osteoclastic resorption on their distal tuberosities. The distribution and morphology of the observed lesions are consistent with a diagnosis of HOA. The adult age at death of the individual and the co-occurrence of "healed" and "active" lesions suggest a secondary form of HOA. Given that only skeletal remains were available for study, the underlying (pulmonary or non-pulmonary) primary disease cannot be definitively ascertained in the present case. No osseous changes were found on the ribs, but signs of osteoclastic resorption were observed on the dorsal surface of the sternal body, which might indicate a retrosternal or mediastinal location of the primary disease. Thus far, only a few archaeological case studies of secondary HOA reported signs of the presumed underlying primary disease, which was of a pulmonary nature in each of the individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Flohr
- University of Hildesheim, Department of Biology, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141, Hildesheim, Germany.
| | - Isabelle Jasch
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Institute of Prehistory, Early History and Medieval Studies, Schloss Hohentübingen, Burgsteige 11, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antje Langer
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Institute of Prehistory, Early History and Medieval Studies, Schloss Hohentübingen, Burgsteige 11, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Riesenberg
- Free University of Berlin, Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, Fabeckstraße 23-25, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Hahn
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Institute of Prehistory, Early History and Medieval Studies, Schloss Hohentübingen, Burgsteige 11, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Axel Wisotzki
- St Bernward's Hospital, Radiological Department, Treibestraße 9, 31134 Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Horst Kierdorf
- University of Hildesheim, Department of Biology, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Uwe Kierdorf
- University of Hildesheim, Department of Biology, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Joachim Wahl
- Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart, Stromeyersdorfstraße 3, 78467, Konstanz, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Institute for Archaeological Science, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Badusha M, Reddy R, Kumar KP. Chest pain in a young immunocompetent male: A rare case scenario. Respir Med Case Rep 2018; 23:23-25. [PMID: 29204339 PMCID: PMC5709342 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal tuberculosis is the commonest form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis however Rib lesion is uncommon and occurs in zero to five percent of bone and joint tuberculosis. In our case report both chest X ray and CT were useful in demonstrating the skeletal lesion and also in the assessment of response to treatment, as follow up chest X ray and CT scan at 4 months and after 12 months of anti tubercular drugs showed remarkable new bone formation and clearing of pleura parenchymal lesions.
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23
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Positive Diagnosis of Ancient Leprosy and Tuberculosis Using Ancient DNA and Lipid Biomarkers. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/d9040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Köhler K, Marcsik A, Zádori P, Biro G, Szeniczey T, Fábián S, Serlegi G, Marton T, Donoghue HD, Hajdu T. Possible cases of leprosy from the Late Copper Age (3780-3650 cal BC) in Hungary. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185966. [PMID: 29023477 PMCID: PMC5638319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
At the Abony-Turjányos dűlő site, located in Central Hungary, a rescue excavation was carried out. More than 400 features were excavated and dated to the Protoboleráz horizon, at the beginning of the Late Copper Age in the Carpathian Basin, between 3780-3650 cal BC. Besides the domestic and economic units, there were two special areas, with nine-nine pits that differed from the other archaeological features of the site. In the northern pit group seven pits contained human remains belonging to 48 individuals. Some of them were buried carefully, while others were thrown into the pits. The aim of this study is to present the results of the paleopathological and molecular analysis of human remains from this Late Copper Age site. The ratio of neonates to adults was high, 33.3%. Examination of the skeletons revealed a large number of pathological cases, enabling reconstruction of the health profile of the buried individuals. Based on the appearance and frequency of healed ante- and peri mortem trauma, inter-personal (intra-group) violence was characteristic in the Abony Late Copper Age population. However other traces of paleopathology were observed on the bones that appear not to have been caused by warfare or inter-group violence. The remains of one individual demonstrated a rare set of bone lesions that indicate the possible presence of leprosy (Hansen's disease). The most characteristic lesions occurred on the bones of the face, including erosion of the nasal aperture, atrophy of the anterior nasal spine, inflammation of the nasal bone and porosity on both the maxilla and the bones of the lower legs. In a further four cases, leprosy infection is suspected but other infections cannot be excluded. The morphologically diagnosed possible leprosy case significantly modifies our knowledge about the timescale and geographic spread of this specific infectious disease. However, it is not possible to determine the potential connections between the cases of possible leprosy and the special burial circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Köhler
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antónia Marcsik
- Retired associate professor, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Zádori
- Health Centre, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Gergely Biro
- Health Centre, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szeniczey
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Fábián
- Department of Archaeological Excavations and Artefact Processing, Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Serlegi
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Marton
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Helen D. Donoghue
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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25
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Binder M, Saad M. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in a young adult male from Berber, Sudan (2nd-3rd century CE). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2017; 18:52-62. [PMID: 28888393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a pathological condition characterised by extensive periosteal new bone formation (NBF) on the diaphyses of the long bones, metacarpal and metatarsal bones. In modern clinical contexts, the secondary form of the disease is common and most often occurs secondary to intra-thoracic cancer and other forms of chronic pulmonary disease. Paleopathological evidence for HOA on the other hand has only occasionally been reported. Here we report a young adult male from the Meriotic cemetery at Berber in Sudan (2nd-3rd century CE) displaying widespread NBF on the diaphyses of the upper and lower limb bones, metacarpal and metatarsal bones, as well as the pelvis and scapulae. While several pathological conditions have to be considered as differential diagnostic options for NBF in the post-cranial skeleton, HOA is the most likely diagnosis, based on the distribution of the changes observed in this individual, as well as their macroscopic and radiographic characteristics. A chronic pulmonary condition as indicated by NBF on the visceral side of the ribs may represent the underlying cause for the HOA. This individual represents the first paleopathological case of HOA reported from an archaeological site in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Binder
- Austrian Archaeological Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Franz Klein-Gasse 1, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - M Saad
- National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums of Sudan, PO Box 178, Khartoum, Sudan
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Abstract
Tuberculosis is a significant global disease today, so understanding its origins and history is important. It is primarily a lung infection and is transmitted by infectious aerosols from person to person, so a high population density encourages its spread. The causative organism is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an obligate pathogen in the M. tuberculosis complex that also contains closely related species, such as Mycobacterium bovis, that primarily infect animals. Typical bone lesions occur in about 5% of untreated infections. These can be recognized in historical and archaeological material, along with nonspecific paleopathology such as new bone formation (periostitis), especially on ribs. Based on such lesions, tuberculosis has been found in ancient Egypt, pre-Columbian America, and Neolithic Europe. The detection of M. tuberculosis ancient DNA (aDNA) by using PCR led to the development of the new field of paleomicrobiology. As a result, a large number of tuberculosis cases were recognized in mummified tissue and bones with nonspecific or no lesions. In parallel with these developments, M. tuberculosis cell wall lipid biomarkers have detected tuberculosis suggested by paleopathology and confirmed aDNA findings. In well-preserved cases, molecular typing has identified M. tuberculosis lineages and genotypes. The current interest in targeted enrichment, shotgun sequencing, and metagenomic analysis reveals ancient mixed infections with different M. tuberculosis strains and other pathogens. Identification of M. tuberculosis lineages from samples of known age enables the date of the emergence of strains and lineages to be calculated directly rather than by making assumptions on the rate of evolutionary change.
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27
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Sparacello VS, Roberts CA, Kerudin A, Müller R. A 6500-year-old Middle Neolithic child from Pollera Cave (Liguria, Italy) with probable multifocal osteoarticular tuberculosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2017; 17:67-74. [PMID: 28521913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Clear skeletal evidence of prehistoric tuberculosis (TB) is rare, especially in children. We describe and differentially diagnose the pathological changes displayed by a five-year-old child, Pollera 21 (PO21) dated to the Middle Neolithic of Liguria (Italy), or 5740±30 BP (Beta-409341; 6635-6453cal BP, 2σ, OxCal 4.2). PO21 shows a number of osteoarticular lesions, mainly of a lytic nature with very little bone proliferation: the vertebral column, the shoulder and pelvic girdles, and the ribcage are involved. Given the nature and pattern of the lesions, we propose a diagnosis of multifocal (or multiple) bone TB. Attempts to detect TB aDNA through molecular analysis gave negative results, but this alone is not sufficient to prove that PO21 was not infected with TB. The lesions observed in PO21 share similarities with other published evidence, such as spinal and joint involvement, and disseminated cyst-like lesions. Conversely, PO21 does not show diffuse bone deposition, such as hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) or endocranial modifications such as serpens endocrania symmetrica (SES). PO21 adds to our knowledge of patterns of TB manifestation in archaeological skeletal remains, which is especially important considering the variability in types and patterns of osteoarticular lesions seen today in people with TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitale S Sparacello
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; UMR5199 PACEA, Univ. Bordeaux, Batiment B8, Avenue Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Charlotte A Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ammielle Kerudin
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Romy Müller
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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28
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Dubrey S, Pal S, Singh S, Karagiannis G. Digital clubbing: forms, associations and pathophysiology. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2016; 77:403-8. [DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2016.77.7.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Dubrey
- Consultant Cardiologist in the Department of Cardiology, Hillingdon and Mount Vernon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesex UB8 3NN
| | - Shrestha Pal
- FY1 in General Internal Medicine in the Department of Cardiology, Hillingdon and Mount Vernon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesex
| | - Sarneet Singh
- CT2 in Cardiology in the Department of Cardiology, Hillingdon and Mount Vernon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesex
| | - Georgios Karagiannis
- Consultant Cardiologist in the Department of Cardiology, Hillingdon and Mount Vernon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesex
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29
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Mason PH, Degeling C. Beyond Biomedicine: Relationships and Care in Tuberculosis Prevention. JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY 2016; 13:31-34. [PMID: 26842903 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-015-9697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With attention to the experiences, agency, and rights of tuberculosis (TB) patients, this symposium on TB and ethics brings together a range of different voices from the social sciences and humanities. To develop fresh insights and new approaches to TB care and prevention, it is important to incorporate diverse perspectives from outside the strictly biomedical model. In the articles presented in this issue of the Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, clinical experience is married with historical and cultural context, ethical concerns are brought to bear on global health, and structural analyses shed light upon the lived experience of people living with TB. The relational and reciprocal dimensions of care feature strongly in these discussions, which serve as a poignant reminder that behind each of the yearly deaths from TB is a deeply personal story. No single discipline holds a monopoly on how to care for each of these people, but strong cases are made for support from mental health and social workers in addressing the kaleidoscope of needs in TB prevention. As the World Health Organization moves towards the goal of eliminating TB globally by 2050, attending to the needs of TB patients serves global interests to lower disease burden and to develop better integrated communities worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Mason
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Centre for Values, Ethics and the Law in Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Tuberculosis Control, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Chris Degeling
- Centre for Values, Ethics and the Law in Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Tuberculosis Control, Sydney, Australia
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30
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Kim YS, Lee IS, Oh CS, Kim MJ, Cha SC, Shin DH. Calcified Pulmonary Nodules Identified in a 350-Year-Old-Joseon Mummy: the First Report on Ancient Pulmonary Tuberculosis from Archaeologically Obtained Pre-modern Korean Samples. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:147-51. [PMID: 26770051 PMCID: PMC4712574 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.1.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We found calcified pulmonary nodules in a middle-aged female mummy discovered from 350-yr-old Joseon tomb of Korea. In the CT scan, we found six radiopaque nodules in right lung, through the levels of thoracic vertebrae 1 to 6. We also found presumptive pleural adhesions in right thoracic cavity of CT images. We re-confirmed radiological findings by our post-factum dissection on the same mummy. By the differential diagnosis, we speculate that the radiopaque calcification nodules and associated pleural adhesion could have been caused by tuberculosis. This is the first-ever report on the pulmonary tuberculosis identified in archaeologically obtained, pre-modern Korean samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Suk Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Sun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chang Seok Oh
- Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy/Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeung Ju Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Dankook University College of Medicine, Chonan, Korea
| | - Soon Chul Cha
- Dongguk Institute of Cultural Properties, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy/Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Witas HW, Donoghue HD, Kubiak D, Lewandowska M, Gładykowska-Rzeczycka JJ. Molecular studies on ancient M. tuberculosis and M. leprae: methods of pathogen and host DNA analysis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015. [PMID: 26210385 PMCID: PMC4545183 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Humans have evolved alongside infectious diseases for millennia. Despite the efforts to reduce their incidence, infectious diseases still pose a tremendous threat to the world population. Fast development of molecular techniques and increasing risk of new epidemics have resulted in several studies that look to the past in order to investigate the origin and evolution of infectious diseases. Tuberculosis and leprosy have become frequent targets of such studies, owing to the persistence of their molecular biomarkers in ancient material and the characteristic skeletal lesions each disease may cause. This review examines the molecular methods used to screen for the presence of M. tuberculosis and M. leprae ancient DNA (aDNA) and their differentiation in ancient human remains. Examples of recent studies, mainly from Europe, that employ the newest techniques of molecular analysis are also described. Moreover, we present a specific approach based on assessing the likely immunological profile of historic populations, in order to further elucidate the influence of M. tuberculosis and M. leprae on historical human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Witas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland,
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32
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Baker O, Lee OYC, Wu HH, Besra GS, Minnikin DE, Llewellyn G, Williams CM, Maixner F, O'Sullivan N, Zink A, Chamel B, Khawam R, Coqueugniot E, Helmer D, Le Mort F, Perrin P, Gourichon L, Dutailly B, Pálfi G, Coqueugniot H, Dutour O. Human tuberculosis predates domestication in ancient Syria. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95 Suppl 1:S4-S12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Masson M, Bereczki Z, Molnár E, Donoghue HD, Minnikin DE, Lee OYC, Wu HH, Besra GS, Bull ID, Pálfi G. 7000 year-old tuberculosis cases from Hungary – Osteological and biomolecular evidence. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95 Suppl 1:S13-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Kay GL, Sergeant MJ, Zhou Z, Chan JZM, Millard A, Quick J, Szikossy I, Pap I, Spigelman M, Loman NJ, Achtman M, Donoghue HD, Pallen MJ. Eighteenth-century genomes show that mixed infections were common at time of peak tuberculosis in Europe. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6717. [PMID: 25848958 PMCID: PMC4396363 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) was once a major killer in Europe, but it is unclear how the strains and patterns of infection at ‘peak TB' relate to what we see today. Here we describe 14 genome sequences of M. tuberculosis, representing 12 distinct genotypes, obtained from human remains from eighteenth-century Hungary using metagenomics. All our historic genotypes belong to M. tuberculosis Lineage 4. Bayesian phylogenetic dating, based on samples with well-documented dates, places the most recent common ancestor of this lineage in the late Roman period. We find that most bodies yielded more than one M. tuberculosis genotype and we document an intimate epidemiological link between infections in two long-dead individuals. Our results suggest that metagenomic approaches usefully inform detection and characterization of historical and contemporary infections. Tuberculosis was once a major killer in Europe. Here the authors use metagenomics to obtain genomic sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from human remains from eighteenth-century Hungary, revealing mixed infections within individuals as well as presence of the same strain in two individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Kay
- Microbiology and Infection Unit, Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Martin J Sergeant
- Microbiology and Infection Unit, Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Microbiology and Infection Unit, Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jacqueline Z-M Chan
- Microbiology and Infection Unit, Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Andrew Millard
- Microbiology and Infection Unit, Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Joshua Quick
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ildikó Szikossy
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 2-6, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 2-6, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mark Spigelman
- 1] Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 9112102, Israel [2] Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Nicholas J Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark Achtman
- Microbiology and Infection Unit, Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Helen D Donoghue
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Mark J Pallen
- Microbiology and Infection Unit, Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Blondiaux J, de Broucker A, Colard T, Haque A, Naji S. Tuberculosis and survival in past populations: A paleo-epidemiological appraisal. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95 Suppl 1:S93-S100. [PMID: 25814301 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Historical assessments of the last two centuries consistently placed tuberculosis as the leading cause of mortality. However, for earlier periods, we can only calculate the frequencies of archaeological bone lesions, which tell us little about the real impact of the disease on mortality. These lesions are usually observed in individuals who have developed immune resistance, which is visible as healed osteo-articular lesions. This study aimed to test the differential impacts of tuberculosis, cribra orbitalia and cribra femoris on adult survival and sex-based survival. We analyzed 28 French adult samples from the Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. The age-at-death of 1480 individuals was estimated using cementochronology. Survival curves and median age-at-death were calculated to test new hypotheses that challenge the parasitic and deficiency theories of bone stress markers. Comparisons between carriers and non-carriers provided new information concerning the plausible causes of bone stress markers related to infections and TB. The most likely hypothesis is skeletal demineralization and osteoclastic resorption, which are usually observed close to tubercular granuloma or distant from active lesions. The bone marrow niche of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within CD271(+) BM-MSCs stem cells is the proposed explanation for the localized cortical resorption that is observed in bone stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Blondiaux
- Centre d'Etudes Paléopathologiques du Nord, 36 rue Jules Ferry, 59127 Walincourt-Selvigny, France.
| | - Amélie de Broucker
- Lille University, Forensic Taphonomy Unit-Anthropology, Lille Forensic Institute, 59000, France.
| | - Thomas Colard
- Lille University, Forensic Taphonomy Unit-Anthropology, Lille Forensic Institute, 59000, France.
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
| | - Stephan Naji
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS-PACEA-UMR 5199, B8, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France.
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Pósa A, Maixner F, Mende BG, Köhler K, Osztás A, Sola C, Dutour O, Masson M, Molnár E, Pálfi G, Zink A. Tuberculosis in Late Neolithic-Early Copper Age human skeletal remains from Hungary. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95 Suppl 1:S18-22. [PMID: 25857937 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alsónyék-Bátaszék in Southern Hungary is one of the largest late Neolithic settlements and cemeteries excavated in Central Europe. In total, 2359 burials from the Late Neolithic - Early Copper Age Lengyel culture were found between 2006 and 2009 [1]. Anthropological investigations previously carried out on individuals from this site revealed an interesting paleopathological case of tuberculosis in the form of Pott's disease dated to the early 5(th) millennium BC. In this study, selected specimens from this osteoarcheological series were subjected to paleomicrobiological analysis to establish the presence of MTBC bacteria. As all individuals showing clear osteological signs of TB infection belonged to a single grave group, 38 individuals from this grave group were analysed. The sample included the case of Pott's disease as well as individuals both with and without osseous TB manifestations. The detection of TB DNA in the individual with Pott's disease provided further evidence for the occurrence of TB in Neolithic populations of Europe. Moreover, our molecular analysis indicated that several other individuals of the same grave group were also infected with TB, opening the possibility for further analyses of this unique Neolithic skeletal series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Pósa
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Frank Maixner
- Institute for Mummies and the Iceman, EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Balázs Gusztáv Mende
- Research Centre for the Humanities, Institute of Archaeology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kitti Köhler
- Research Centre for the Humanities, Institute of Archaeology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Osztás
- Research Centre for the Humanities, Institute of Archaeology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christophe Sola
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule I2BC CEA-CNRS-Université Paris-Saclay, UMR9198, Bât. 400 F-91405 ORSAY-Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Dutour
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie biologique Paul Broca, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR 5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France; Department of Anthropology, University of Western Ontario, Canada
| | - Muriel Masson
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Molnár
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummies and the Iceman, EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy
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37
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Hlavenková L, Teasdale M, Gábor O, Nagy G, Beňuš R, Marcsik A, Pinhasi R, Hajdu T. Childhood bone tuberculosis from Roman Pécs, Hungary. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2015; 66:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mycolic Acids as Markers of Osseous Tuberculosis in the Neolithic Skeleton from Kujawy Region (Central Poland). ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/anre-2014-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The subject of analysis is the male skeleton from a double burial of the Globular Amphora Culture, derived from the Neolithic site at Brześć Kujawski in Kujawy region (central Poland). Within the spine of the individual advanced lesions are observed (destruction of the vertebral bodies, symptoms of the periostitis in the thoracic region) which are characteristic of skeletal tuberculosis. To check whether the observed morphological changes resulted from infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the bone material was tested positively for the presence of mycolic acids, the specific components of the cell wall of pathogenic M.tb bacilli, by mass spectrometry.
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