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Zhang S, Guo Y, Hu Y, Gao X, Bai F, Ding Q, Hou K, Wang Z, Sun X, Zhao H, Qu Z, Xu Q. The role of APOBEC3C in modulating the tumor microenvironment and stemness properties of glioma: evidence from pancancer analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242972. [PMID: 37809064 PMCID: PMC10551170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is now understood that APOBEC3 family proteins (A3s) are essential in tumor progression, yet their involvement in tumor immunity and stemness across diverse cancer types remains poorly understood. Methods In the present study, comprehensive genome-wide statistical and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to elucidate A3 family expression patterns, establishing clinically relevant correlations with prognosis, the tumor microenvironment(TME), immune infiltration, checkpoint blockade, and stemness across cancers. Different experimental techniques were applied, including RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, sphere formation assays, Transwell migration assays, and wound-healing assays, to investigate the impact of A3C on low-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), as well as its function in glioma stem cells(GSCs). Results Dysregulated expression of A3s was observed in various human cancer tissues. The prognostic value of A3 expression differed across cancer types, with a link to particularly unfavorable outcomes in gliomas. A3s are associated with the the TME and stemness in multiple cancers. Additionally, we developed an independent prognostic model based on A3s expression, which may be an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with glioma. Subsequent validation underscored a strong association between elevated A3C expression and adverse prognostic outcomes, higher tumor grades, and unfavorable histology in glioma. A potential connection between A3C and glioma progression was established. Notably, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses implicated A3C in immune system-related diseases, with heightened A3C levels contributing to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in glioma. Furthermore, in vitro experiments substantiated the role of A3C in sustaining and renewing glioma stem cells, as A3C deletion led to diminished proliferation, invasion, and migration of glioma cells. Conclusion The A3 family exhibits heterogeneous expression across various cancer types, with its expression profile serving as a predictive marker for overall survival in glioma patients. A3C emerges as a regulator of glioma progression, exerting its influence through modulation of the tumor microenvironment and regulation of stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoudu Zhang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Yugang Guo
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Yuanzheng Hu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofang Gao
- The Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou Revogene Ltd, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fanghui Bai
- Department of Oncology, Nanyang central Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Kaiqi Hou
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Zongqing Wang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanyang central Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- The Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou Revogene Ltd, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhongyu Qu
- Department of Oncology, Nanyang central Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
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Shao W, Zhao H, Zhang S, Ding Q, Guo Y, Hou K, Kan Y, Deng F, Xu Q. A pan-cancer landscape of IGF2BPs and their association with prognosis, stemness and tumor immune microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1049183. [PMID: 36686749 PMCID: PMC9846525 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1049183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding proteins 1-3 (IGF2BP1-3, also called IMP1-3) play essential roles in mRNA regulation, including its splicing, translocation, stability, and translation. However, knowledge regarding the involvement of IGF2BPs in tumor immunity and stemness across cancer types is still lacking. Methods In this study, we comprehensively analyzed pan-cancer multi-omic data to determine the correlation of IGF2BPs mRNA and protein expression with various cancer parameters such as mutation frequency, prognostic value, the tumor microenvironment (TME), checkpoint blockade, tumor immune infiltration, stemness and drug sensitivity. Validation of the expression of IGF2BPs in cancer samples and glioma cells were performed by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR, and immunofluorescence staining. Investigation of the functional role of IGF2BP3 in glioma stem cells(GSCs) were performed by sphere formation, cytotoxicity, transwell, and wound healing assays. Results We found that IGF2BP1 and 3 are either absent or expressed at very low levels in most normal tissues. However, IGF2BP1-3 can be re-expressed in a broad range of cancer types and diverse cancer cell lines, where their expression often correlates with poor prognosis. Immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR analyses also showed that the expression of IGF2BP2 and IGF2BP3 were higher in cancer tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, IGF2BPs are associated with TME and stemness in human pan-cancer. Remarkably, IGF2BP3 participated in the maintenance and self-renewal of glioma stem cell (GSCs). Knockdown of IGF2BP3 attenuated GSC and glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Conclusions Our systematic pan-cancer study confirmed the identification of IGF2BPs as therapeutic targets and highlighted the need to study their association with stemness, and the TME, which contribute to the cancer drug-discovery research. Especially, preliminary studies demonstrate the IGF2BP3 as a potential negative regulator of glioma tumorigenesis by modulating stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- The Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou Revogene Ltd, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shoudu Zhang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Yugang Guo
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Kaiqi Hou
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Qian Xu, ; Fan Deng,
| | - Qian Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Qian Xu, ; Fan Deng,
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Garg M. Epithelial Plasticity, Autophagy and Metastasis: Potential Modifiers of the Crosstalk to Overcome Therapeutic Resistance. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:503-510. [PMID: 32125607 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) initiates malignant transformation of cancer cells and is responsible for the generation of heterogenic subsets of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Signals in the form of environmental cues and paracrine factors within tumor microenvironment (TME) niche, support the possibility of generation of pool of CSCs with two distinct functional transition states. Cyclic CSCs with predominant epithelial phenotype, self-renew and differentiate into mature cancer cells. Subsets of autophagic/ non-cyclic CSCs with predominant mesenchymal phenotype have capacity to invade, metastasize, resist to apoptosis, escape immunosurveillance, survive chemotherapies and are majorly responsible for cancer mortality. Differences in phenotypic plasticity may form the basis of differential impact of therapeutic outcomes on heterogeneous subpopulations of CSCs. Activation of autophagy is responsible for the recycling of damaged organelles and protein aggregates, regulates EMT, confers the survival advantage to neoplastic cells to anti-cancer therapies, significantly affects the invasive potential of cancer cells and supports their metastatic dissemination in a tissue and tumor stage dependent manner. Therapy resistance is the primary obstacle in the complete ablation of tumor cells. Combinational treatments based on targeting autophagic CSCs and inhibiting EMT regulators may represent potential anticancer strategies for the prevention of cancer invasion, metastatic spread and disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
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The role of tumor heterogeneity in immune-tumor interactions. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:377-389. [PMID: 33682030 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of cancer stems from genetic instability and changes in genomic sequences, and hence, the heterogeneity exhibited by tumors is integral to the nature of cancer itself. Tumor heterogeneity can be further altered by factors that are not cancer cell intrinsic, i.e., by the microenvironment, including the patient's immune responses to tumors and administered therapies (immunotherapies, chemotherapies, and/or radiation therapies). The focus of this review is the impact of tumor heterogeneity on the interactions between immune cells and the tumor, taking into account that heterogeneity can exist at several levels. These levels include heterogeneity within an individual tumor, within an individual patient (particularly between the primary tumor and metastatic lesions), among the subtypes of a specific type of cancer, or within cancers that originate from different tissues. Because of the potential for immunity (either the natural immune system or via immunotherapeutics) to halt the progression of cancer, major clinical significance exists in understanding the impact of tumor heterogeneity on the associations between immune cells and tumor cells. Increased knowledge of why, whether, and how immune-tumor interactions occur provides the means to guide these interactions and improve outcomes for patients.
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Utnal PA, A H, Pn S, Gn M. Expression of CD 133 in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3055-3059. [PMID: 33112567 PMCID: PMC7798163 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.10.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CD133 is a commonly used cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in breast cancer. However, the association between CD133 expression, with clinicopathological features and prognosis in breast cancer, is poorly understood in the Indian subcontinent. This study was designed to explore the expression of CD 133 in breast carcinoma and to know its association between CD133 and clinicopathological characteristics. Methods: A total of fifty seven cases were included in the study. All the clinicopathological parameters were collected from Department of Pathology archives. Slides, blocks, clinical information, tumor size and axillary lymph node status were obtained from medical records and the pathology reports. Immunohistochemistry was done using CD 133 antibodies. Both Cytoplasmic and membranous staining was taken a positive. Scoring was done based on percentage of positive cells and intensity of staining. MS Excel, SPSS version 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Somers NY, USA) was used to analyze data.p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Statistically significant association between the CD 133 expression and nodal metastasis, tumor stage and Nottingham prognostic index was analysed. There was no statistical correlation between CD 133 expression age, tumor grade and tumor size. The disease free survival showed the mean disease free survival of CD 133 positivity cases was 16months. And the patients who were negative for CD 133 expression had mean survival of 30 months. By the Kaplan Mayer graph it was evident that the more the CD 133 expression the lesser was the disease free survival of the patients. Conclusion: CD 133 expression was seen in 77.08% cases and was associated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, poor Nottingham prognostic index and worse disease free survival. An increasing trend of association was seen between CD 133 expression and Age, Tumor Size and Tumor grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Ashok Utnal
- Department of Pathology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - Hemalatha A
- Department of Pathology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - Sreeramulu Pn
- Department of Surgery, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath Gn
- Department of Radiooncology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India
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Wang S, Li F, Fan H, Xu J, Hu Z. Expression of PIWIL2 in oral cancer and leukoplakia: Prognostic implications and insights from tumors. Cancer Biomark 2019; 26:11-20. [PMID: 31322538 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-182009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
- Institute of Oral Biomedicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Haixia Fan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Jiankai Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Laboratory of Sono- and Photo-theranostic Technologies, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, China
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Marcucci F, Ghezzi P, Rumio C. The role of autophagy in the cross-talk between epithelial-mesenchymal transitioned tumor cells and cancer stem-like cells. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:3. [PMID: 28137290 PMCID: PMC5282816 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem-like cells (CSC) are becoming highly relevant targets in anticancer drug discovery. A large body of evidence suggests that epithelial-mesenchymal transitioned tumor cells (EMT tumor cells) and CSCs have similar functions. There is also an overlap regarding the stimuli that can induce the generation of EMT tumor cells and CSCs. Moreover, direct evidence has been brought that EMT can give rise to CSCs. It is unclear however, whether EMT tumor cells should be considered CSCs or if they have to undergo further changes. In this article we summarize available evidence suggesting that, indeed, additional programs must be engaged and we propose that macroautophagy (hereafter, autophagy) represents a key trait distinguishing CSCs from EMT tumor cells. Thus, CSCs have often been reported to be in an autophagic state and blockade of autophagy inhibits CSCs. On the other hand, there is ample evidence showing that EMT and autophagy are distinct events. CSCs, however, represent, by themselves, a heterogeneous population. Thus, CSCs have been distinguished in predominantly non-cycling and cycling CSCs, the latter representing CSCs that self-renew and replenish the pool of differentiated tumor cells. We now suggest that the non-cycling CSC subpopulation is in an autophagic state. We propose also two models to explain the relationship between EMT tumor cells and these two major CSC subpopulations: a branching model in which EMT tumor cells can give rise to cycling or non-cycling CSCs, respectively, and a hierarchical model in which EMT tumor cells are first induced to become autophagic CSCs and, subsequently, cycling CSCs. Finally, we address the therapeutic consequences of these insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Marcucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, University of Milano, via Trentacoste 2, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Trafford Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK
| | - Cristiano Rumio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, University of Milano, via Trentacoste 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Tume L, Paco K, Ubidia-Incio R, Moya J. CD133 in breast cancer cells and in breast cancer stem cells as another target for immunotherapy. GACETA MEXICANA DE ONCOLOGÍA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gamo.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
The side population (SP) assay has been utilized as a method for isolation and characterization of normal and cancer stem cells from a variety of tissues. However, the SP phenotype may not be a common property of all stem cells. This chapter reviews the principle and potential pitfalls of the SP assay with an emphasis on mammary gland SP cell analysis.
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