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Alberry B, Silveira PP. Brain insulin signaling as a potential mediator of early life adversity effects on physical and mental health. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105350. [PMID: 37544390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In numerous brain structures, insulin signaling modulates the homeostatic processes, sensitivity to reward pathways, executive function, memory, and cognition. Through human studies and animal models, mounting evidence implicates central insulin signaling in the metabolic, physiological, and psychological consequences of early life adversity. In this review, we describe the consequences of early life adversity in the brain where insulin signaling is a key factor and how insulin may moderate the effects of adversity on psychiatric and cardio-metabolic health outcomes. Further understanding of how early life adversity and insulin signaling impact specific brain regions and mental and physical health outcomes will assist in prevention, diagnosis, and potential intervention following early life adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Alberry
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Hileti D, Demetriou CA, Iasonides MC, Pipis S, Mahmood A, Lanigan J, Singhal A. Weight Gain in Early Infancy Impacts Appetite Regulation in the First Year of Life. A Prospective Study of Infants Living in Cyprus. J Nutr 2023; 153:2531-2539. [PMID: 37336321 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating behavior is associated with weight gain in infancy and childhood. Few studies found a bidirectional association between weight gain and eating behavior development in childhood, but there is little data on the association in early infancy, a period critical for the programming of obesity risk. OBJECTIVE We investigated the bidirectional association between appetite traits and weight gain during the first year of life. METHODS Participants were part of a cohort of 432 infants born in Cyprus. Appetite traits were measured using the Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire or the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire at age 2 to 4 wk, 6 mo, and 12 mo. Weight and length were collected at birth, 4 wk, 6 mo, and 12 mo. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze associations between appetite traits at 2 to 4 wk and 6 mo and weight for age z-score change (WFAZC) between 4 wk and 6 mo and 6 and 12 mo. Associations were also analyzed in the opposite direction, between WFAZC from birth to 4 wk, 4 wk to 6 mo, and 6 mo to 12 mo and appetite traits at 4 wk, 6 mo, and 12 mo. RESULTS Satiety responsiveness (SR) at 2 to 4 wk was associated with lower WFAZC from 4 wk to 6 mo (β: -0.17; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.04) and SR at age 6 mo was associated with lower WFAZC from 6 to 12 mo (β: -0.09; 95% CI: -0.17, -0.02). WFAZC from 4 wk to 6 mo was associated with higher enjoyment of food at 12 mo (β: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.20), higher food responsiveness at 12 mo (β: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.30), and lower SR at both 6 mo (β: -0.11; 95% CI: -0.21, -0.01) and 12 mo (β: -0.14; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.03). CONCLUSIONS We found a bidirectional association between weight gain and appetite traits in infancy, suggesting that the effect of postnatal weight gain on obesity development is partly mediated by programming of appetite traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona Hileti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | | | | | | | - Amna Mahmood
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Lanigan
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Atul Singhal
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Du J, Jones T. Technical opportunities and challenges in developing total-body PET scanners for mice and rats. EJNMMI Phys 2023; 10:2. [PMID: 36592266 PMCID: PMC9807733 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-022-00523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is the most sensitive in vivo molecular imaging technique available. Small animal PET has been widely used in studying pharmaceutical biodistribution and disease progression over time by imaging a wide range of biological processes. However, it remains true that almost all small animal PET studies using mouse or rat as preclinical models are either limited by the spatial resolution or the sensitivity (especially for dynamic studies), or both, reducing the quantitative accuracy and quantitative precision of the results. Total-body small animal PET scanners, which have axial lengths longer than the nose-to-anus length of the mouse/rat and can provide high sensitivity across the entire body of mouse/rat, can realize new opportunities for small animal PET. This article aims to discuss the technical opportunities and challenges in developing total-body small animal PET scanners for mice and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Du
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Terry Jones
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Radiology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Lai Y, Wang Q, Zhou S, Xie Z, Qi J, Cherry SR, Jin M, Chi Y, Du J. H 2RSPET: a 0.5 mm resolution high-sensitivity small-animal PET scanner, a simulation study. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:065016. [PMID: 33571980 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abe558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With the goal of developing a total-body small-animal PET system with a high spatial resolution of ∼0.5 mm and a high sensitivity >10% for mouse/rat studies, we simulated four scanners using the graphical processing unit-based Monte Carlo simulation package (gPET) and compared their performance in terms of spatial resolution and sensitivity. We also investigated the effect of depth-of-interaction (DOI) resolution on the spatial resolution. All the scanners are built upon 128 DOI encoding dual-ended readout detectors with lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) arrays arranged in 8 detector rings. The solid angle coverages of the four scanners are all ∼0.85 steradians. Each LYSO element has a cross-section of 0.44 × 0.44 mm2 and the pitch size of the LYSO arrays are all 0.5 mm. The four scanners can be divided into two groups: (1) H2RS110-C10 and H2RS110-C20 with 40 × 40 LYSO arrays, a ring diameter of 110 mm and axial length of 167 mm, and (2) H2RS160-C10 and H2RS160-C20 with 60 × 60 LYSO arrays, a diameter of 160 mm and axial length of 254 mm. C10 and C20 denote the crystal thickness of 10 and 20 mm, respectively. The simulation results show that all scanners have a spatial resolution better than 0.5 mm at the center of the field-of-view (FOV). The radial resolution strongly depends on the DOI resolution and radial offset, but not the axial resolution and tangential resolution. Comparing the C10 and C20 designs, the former provides better resolution, especially at positions away from the center of the FOV, whereas the latter has 2× higher sensitivity (∼10% versus ∼20%). This simulation study provides evidence that the 110 mm systems are a good choice for total-body mouse studies at a lower cost, whereas the 160 mm systems are suited for both total-body mouse and rat studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfang Lai
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States of America
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Schellong K, Melchior K, Ziska T, Rancourt RC, Henrich W, Plagemann A. Maternal but Not Paternal High-Fat Diet (HFD) Exposure at Conception Predisposes for 'Diabesity' in Offspring Generations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4229. [PMID: 32545776 PMCID: PMC7345576 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
While environmental epigenetics mainly focuses on xenobiotic endocrine disruptors, dietary composition might be one of the most important environmental exposures for epigenetic modifications, perhaps even for offspring generations. We performed a large-scale rat study on key phenotypic consequences from parental (F0) high-caloric, high-fat diet (HFD) food intake, precisely and specifically at mating/conception, focusing on 'diabesity' risk in first- (F1) and second- (F2) generation offspring of both sexes. F0 rats (maternal or paternal, respectively) received HFD overfeeding, starting six weeks prior to mating with normally fed control rats. The maternal side F1 offspring of both sexes developed a 'diabesity' predisposition throughout life (obesity, hyperleptinemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance), while no respective alterations occurred in the paternal side F1 offspring, neither in males nor in females. Mating the maternal side F1 females with control males under standard feeding conditions led, again, to a 'diabesity' predisposition in the F2 generation, which, however, was less pronounced than in the F1 generation. Our observations speak in favor of the critical impact of maternal but not paternal metabolism around the time frame of reproduction for offspring metabolic health over generations. Such fundamental phenotypic observations should be carefully considered in front of detailed molecular epigenetic approaches on eventual mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schellong
- Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (K.M.); (T.Z.); (R.C.R.)
| | - Kerstin Melchior
- Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (K.M.); (T.Z.); (R.C.R.)
| | - Thomas Ziska
- Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (K.M.); (T.Z.); (R.C.R.)
| | - Rebecca C. Rancourt
- Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (K.M.); (T.Z.); (R.C.R.)
| | - Wolfgang Henrich
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Andreas Plagemann
- Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (K.M.); (T.Z.); (R.C.R.)
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Schellong K, Melchior K, Ziska T, Henrich W, Rancourt RC, Plagemann A. Sex-specific epigenetic alterations of the hypothalamic Agrp-Pomc system do not explain 'diabesity' in the offspring of high-fat diet (HFD) overfed maternal rats. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 75:108257. [PMID: 31710935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) overfeeding pre- and during pregnancy and lactation may 'program' a 'diabesity' predisposition in the offspring, for inconclusive reasons. Acquired alterations of the hypothalamic promoter methylation and mRNA expression of the satiety neurohormone Pomc are possibly of critical importance here. We investigated within one developmental approach, including male and female rats, the sex-specific DNA methylation pattern and corresponding mRNA expression of both Pomc and its endogenous functional antagonist Agrp in the hypothalamus of adult HFD offspring. Obesity and diabetic disturbances occurred in both male and female HFD offspring, accompanied by altered Pomc promoter methylation pattern. However, this was not related to significant Pomc mRNA expression alterations. In contrast, male-specific alterations of Agrp promoter methylation were found, even associated with reduced mRNA expression of this orexigenic/anabolic Pomc antagonist. In conclusion, acquired epigenetic alterations of the hypothalamic Agrp-Pomc system hardly explain the 'diabesity' phenotype in HFD offspring, while distinct vulnerability and functionality of Agrp promoter and related genomic regions methylation should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schellong
- Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Melchior
- Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Ziska
- Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Henrich
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Rancourt
- Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Plagemann
- Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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Schellong K, Melchior K, Ziska T, Ott R, Henrich W, Rancourt RC, Plagemann A. Hypothalamic insulin receptor expression and DNA promoter methylation are sex-specifically altered in adult offspring of high-fat diet (HFD)-overfed mother rats. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Feeding a slowly digestible carbohydrate diet during pregnancy of insulin-resistant rats prevents the excess of adipogenesis in their offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 61:183-196. [PMID: 30253280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An obesogenic environment during pregnancy has been shown to increase the risk of dysregulation on adipogenesis and insulin resistance in the offspring. Being essential for the growing fetus, glucose supply is guaranteed by a number of modifications in the mother's metabolism, and thus, glucose control during pregnancy especially among obese or diabetic women is paramount to prevent adverse consequences in their children. Besides the election of low-glycemic-index carbohydrates, the rate of carbohydrate digestion could be relevant to keep a good glucose control. In the present study, we compared the effects of two high-fat diets with similar glycemic load but different rates of carbohydrate digestion given to pregnant insulin-resistant rats. After birth, all animals were fed a standard diet until age 14 weeks. We analyzed offspring body composition, plasma and adipocyte lipidomics, lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and insulin sensitivity. Those animals whose mothers were fed the rapid-digesting carbohydrate diet exhibited an excessive adipogenesis. Thus, these animals showed a marked lipidemia, increased lipid synthesis in the adipose tissue and reduced glucose transporter amount in the adipose. On the contrary, those animals whose mothers were fed the slow-digesting carbohydrate diet showed a profile in the measured parameters closer to that of the offspring of healthy mothers. These results support the hypothesis that not only glycemic index but the rate of carbohydrate digestion during gestation may be critical to regulate the programming of adipogenesis in the offspring.
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Rancourt RC, Schellong K, Tzschentke B, Henrich W, Plagemann A. DNA methylation and expression of proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene in the hypothalamus of three-week-old chickens show sex-specific differences. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:932-939. [PMID: 29928573 PMCID: PMC5985994 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased availability and improved sequence annotation of the chicken (Gallus gallus f. domestica) genome have sparked interest in the bird as a model system to investigate translational embryonic development and health/disease outcomes. However, the epigenetics of this bird genome remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of gene expression and DNA methylation at the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene in the hypothalamus of 3-week-old chickens. POMC is a key player in the control of the stress response, food intake, and metabolism. DNA methylation of the promoter, CpG island, and gene body regions of POMC were measured. Our data illustrate the pattern, variability, and functionality of DNA methylation for POMC expression in the chicken. Our findings show correlation of methylation pattern and gene expression along with sex-specific differences in POMC. Overall, these novel data highlight the promising potential of the chicken as a model and also the need for breeders and researchers to consider sex ratios in their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Rancourt
- Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics' Clinic of Obstetrics Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Germany
| | - Karen Schellong
- Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics' Clinic of Obstetrics Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Henrich
- Clinic of Obstetrics Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Plagemann
- Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics' Clinic of Obstetrics Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Germany
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Ros P, Díaz F, Freire-Regatillo A, Argente-Arizón P, Barrios V, Argente J, Chowen JA. Resveratrol Intake During Pregnancy and Lactation Modulates the Early Metabolic Effects of Maternal Nutrition Differently in Male and Female Offspring. Endocrinology 2018; 159:810-825. [PMID: 29186387 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition can have detrimental long-term consequences on energy homeostasis in the offspring. Resveratrol exerts antioxidant and antiobesity actions, but its impact during development remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that resveratrol intake during pregnancy and lactation could improve the effects of poor maternal nutrition on offspring metabolism. Wistar rats received a low-fat diet (LFD; 10.2% kcal from fat) or high-fat diet (HFD; 61.6% kcal from fat), with half of each group receiving resveratrol in their drinking water (50 mg/L) during pregnancy and lactation. Body weight (BW) of dams was measured at treatment onset and weaning [postnatal day (PND) 21] and of pups at birth and PND21, at which time dams and pups were euthanized. Although HFD dams consumed more energy, their BW at the end of lactation was unaffected. Mean litter size was not modified by maternal diet or resveratrol. At birth, male offspring from HFD and resveratrol (HFD + R) dams weighed less than those from LFD and resveratrol (LFD + R) dams. On PND21, pups of both sexes from HFD dams weighed more, had more visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT), and had higher serum leptin levels than those from LFD dams. Resveratrol reduced BW, leptin, VAT, and SCAT, with females being more affected, but increased glycemia. Neuropeptide levels were unaffected by resveratrol. In conclusion, resveratrol intake during pregnancy and lactation decreased BW and adipose tissue content in offspring of dams on an HFD but did not affect offspring from LFD-fed dams, suggesting that the potential protective effects of resveratrol during gestation/lactation are diet dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purificación Ros
- Hospital Universitario Puerto de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Díaz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Freire-Regatillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Argente-Arizón
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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van Deutekom AW, Chinapaw MJM, Vrijkotte TGM, Gemke RJBJ. The association of birth weight and postnatal growth with energy intake and eating behavior at 5 years of age - a birth cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016; 13:15. [PMID: 26847088 PMCID: PMC4743237 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low and high birth weight and accelerated postnatal weight gain are associated with an increased risk of obesity. Perinatal effects on energy intake and eating behavior have been proposed as underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to examine the independent associations of birth weight and postnatal weight and height gain with childhood energy intake and satiety response. METHODS In a birth cohort study, we used data from 2227 children (52% male), mean age 5.6 (±0.4) years. Mean daily energy intake and satiety response were parent-reported through validated questionnaires. Exposures were birth weight z-score and conditional weight and height gain between 0-1, 1-3, 3-6, 6-12 months and 12 months to 5 years. Conditional weight and height are residuals of current weight and height regressed on prior growth data, to represent deviations from expected growth. Analyses were adjusted for a set of potential confounding variables. RESULTS Conditional weight gain between 1-3, 3-6 months and 12 months to 5 years was significantly associated with energy intake, with 29.7 (95%-CI: 4.6; 54.8), 24.0 (1.8; 46.1) and 79.5 (29.4; 129.7) kcal/day more intake for each Z-score conditional weight gain between 1-3, 3-6 months and 12 months to 5 years, respectively. Conditional height gain between 0-1, 1-3 months and 12 months to 5 years was negatively associated with energy intake (β: -42.0 [66.6; -17.4] for 0-1 months, -35.1 [-58.4; -11.8] for 1-3 months and -37.4 [-72.4; -2.3] for 12 months to 5 years). Conditional weight gain in all periods was negatively associated with satiety response, with effect sizes from - 0.03 (-0.06; -0.002) in early infancy to -0.12 (-0.19; -0.06) in childhood. Birth weight was not associated with energy intake or satiety response. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that accelerated infant and childhood weight gain are associated with increased energy intake and diminished satiety response at 5 years. Accelerated height gain seems to be beneficial for childhood energy intake. This perinatal 'programming' of energy intake and eating behavior provide a potential mechanism linking early life influences with later obesity and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arend W van Deutekom
- Department of Pediatrics, EMGO Institute for Health & Care Research, Institute for Cardiovascular Research VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mai J M Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO institute for Health & Care Research, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud J B J Gemke
- Department of Pediatrics, EMGO Institute for Health & Care Research, Institute for Cardiovascular Research VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Temporary prenatal hyperglycemia leads to postnatal neuronal ‘glucose-resistance’ in the chicken hypothalamus. Brain Res 2015; 1618:231-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Acquired alterations of hypothalamic gene expression of insulin and leptin receptors and glucose transporters in prenatally high-glucose exposed three-week old chickens do not coincide with aberrant promoter DNA methylation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119213. [PMID: 25811618 PMCID: PMC4374847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal exposures may have a distinct impact for long-term health, one example being exposure to maternal ‘diabesity’ during pregnancy increasing offspring ‘diabesity’ risk. Malprogramming of the central nervous regulation of body weight, food intake and metabolism has been identified as a critical mechanism. While concrete disrupting factors still remain unclear, growing focus on acquired epigenomic alterations have been proposed. Due to the independent development from the mother, the chicken embryo provides a valuable model to distinctively establish causal factors and mechanisms. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the effects of prenatal hyperglycemia on postnatal hypothalamic gene expression and promoter DNA methylation in the chicken. Methods and Findings To temporarily induce high-glucose exposure in chicken embryos, 0.5 ml glucose solution (30 mmol/l) were administered daily via catheter into a vessel of the chorioallantoic egg membrane from days 14 to 17 of incubation. At three weeks of postnatal age, body weight, total body fat, blood glucose, mRNA expression (INSR, LEPR, GLUT1, GLUT3) as well as corresponding promoter DNA methylation were determined in mediobasal hypothalamic brain slices (Nucleus infundibuli hypothalami). Although no significant changes in morphometric and metabolic parameters were detected, strongly decreased mRNA expression occurred in all candidate genes. Surprisingly, however, no relevant alterations were observed in respective promoter methylation. Conclusion Prenatal hyperglycemia induces strong changes in later hypothalamic expression of INSR, LEPR, GLUT1, and GLUT3 mRNA. While the chicken provides an interesting approach for developmental malprogramming, the classical expression regulation via promoter methylation was not observed here. This may be due to alternative/interacting brain mechanisms or the thus far under-explored bird epigenome.
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