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Chen FT, Feng SH, Nien JT, Cheng YT, Chen YC, Chang YK. Effects of acute moderate-intensity exercise on executive function in children with preterm birth: A randomized crossover study. Early Hum Dev 2023; 183:105795. [PMID: 37364431 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exercise appears to promote executive function (EF) in children. However, the effect of acute exercise on EF in children with preterm birth (PB) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether acute moderate-intensity exercise improves EF in children with PB. METHODS Twenty child participants with PB (age = 10.95 ± 1.19 years, birth age = 31.71 ± 3.64 weeks) completed exercise and control sessions in a randomized crossover design. In the exercise session, participants completed a 30-minute period of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. In the control session, participants watched a video for appropriately 30 min. Following each session immediately, inhibitory control, an aspect of EF, was assessed with the Numerical Stroop task. RESULTS Response time (RT) for the Stroop's incongruent condition was shorter after the exercise session than after the control session. However, no differences were observed in RT for the congruent condition. Accuracy rate (ACC) in both congruent and incongruent conditions did not differ between exercise and control session. CONCLUSION The findings support the beneficial effect of acute exercise on executive function (EF) in children with PB, particularly in terms of improving inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Tzu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsien Feng
- Department of Leisure Industry Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ti Nien
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Cheng
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Social Emotional Education and Development Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Imbir KK, Duda-Goławska J, Pastwa M, Sobieszek A, Wielgopolan A, Jankowska M, Modzelewska A, Żygierewicz J. Inhibitory control effectiveness can be improved: The role of arousal, subjective significance and origin of words in modified Emotional Stroop Test. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270558. [PMID: 35763510 PMCID: PMC9239449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interference control measured in the Emotional Stroop Task is the phenomenon that gives us an insight into mechanisms of emotion-cognition interactions. Especially the role of dimensions of affect can be easily studied with this paradigm. In the current study, we were interested in the role of the complexity of emotional stimuli (origin). We also aimed at searching for activation-like factors that impair (arousal) or improve (subjective significance) the effectiveness of cognitive control. We have used an orthogonal manipulation of all the above dimensions in words. We expected to find the contrastive effects of arousal and subjective significance on reaction times and Event Related Potential’s amplitudes. On a behavioural level, we observed the reduction of reaction times with increasing subjective significance of stimuli and reflective origin. We also found a correlation between subjective significance and reduction of amplitude polarisation in the N450 component associated with cognitive control execution effort. This experiment shows that subjective significance has an improving role for cognitive control effectiveness, even when valence, arousal and origin levels are controlled. This guides us to conclude that external stimuli may drive not only disruption of control but also its improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil K. Imbir
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Joanna Duda-Goławska
- Biomedical Physics Division, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Pastwa
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Sobieszek
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Jarosław Żygierewicz
- Biomedical Physics Division, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Imbir KK, Pastwa M, Jankowska M, Kosman M, Modzelewska A, Wielgopolan A. Valence and arousal of words in visual and conceptual interference control efficiency. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241694. [PMID: 33211720 PMCID: PMC7676691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control efficiency is susceptible to the emotional state of an individual. The aim of the current experiment was to search for the role of valence and arousal of emotion-laden words in a performance efficiency of a modified emotional Stroop task (EST) combined with the flanker task. Both paradigms allow for the measurement of the interference control, but interference appears on different stages of stimulus processing. In the flanker task, the interference is perceptual, while in EST, it is based on the emotional meaning of stimuli. We expected to find the effects of emotionality of words, that is, arousal and valence levels, for interference measured with EST. In a series of two experiments, the results confirmed that a high arousal level enlarges the reaction latencies to the EST. We also identified interaction between valence and arousal in shaping reaction latencies. We found the flanker congruency effect. We did not find interactions between emotional factors and flanker congruency. This suggests that interference measured with the EST and flanker task are in fact different from one another, and while using the modified EST combined with the flanker task, the word-meaning effects do not interfere with pure perceptual interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil K. Imbir
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Pastwa
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Kosman
- Faculty of Polish Studies, Institute of Applied Polish Studies, Warsaw, Poland
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Madan CR, Shafer AT, Chan M, Singhal A. Shock and awe: Distinct effects of taboo words on lexical decision and free recall. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2017; 70:793-810. [DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2016.1167925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Taboo stimuli are highly arousing, but it has been suggested that they also have inherent taboo-specific properties such as tabooness, offensiveness, or shock value. Prior studies have shown that taboo words have slower response times in lexical decision and higher recall probabilities in free recall; however, taboo words often differ from other words on more than just arousal and taboo properties. Here, we replicated both of these findings and conducted detailed item analyses to determine which word properties drive these behavioural effects. We found that lexical-decision performance was best explained by measures of lexical accessibility (e.g., word frequency) and tabooness, rather than arousal, valence, or offensiveness. However, free-recall performance was primarily driven by emotional word properties, and tabooness was the most important emotional word property for model fit. Our results suggest that the processing of taboo words is influenced by distinct sets of factors and by an intrinsic taboo-specific property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Madan
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Andrea T. Shafer
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michelle Chan
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anthony Singhal
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Kibleur A, Polosan M, Favre P, Rudrauf D, Bougerol T, Chabardès S, David O. Stimulation of subgenual cingulate area decreases limbic top-down effect on ventral visual stream: A DBS-EEG pilot study. Neuroimage 2016; 146:544-553. [PMID: 27743900 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subgenual cingulate gyrus (area CG25) is beneficial in treatment resistant depression. Though the mechanisms of action of Cg25 DBS remain largely unknown, it is commonly believed that Cg25 DBS modulates limbic activity of large networks to achieve thymic regulation of patients. To investigate how emotional attention is influenced by Cg25 DBS, we assessed behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to an emotional Stroop task in 5 patients during ON and OFF stimulation conditions. Using EEG source localization, we found that the main effect of DBS was a reduction of neuronal responses in limbic regions (temporal pole, medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices) and in ventral visual areas involved in face processing. In the dynamic causal modeling (DCM) approach, the changes of the evoked response amplitudes are assumed to be due to changes of long range connectivity induced by Cg25 DBS. Here, using a simplified neural mass model that did not take explicitly into account the cytoarchitecture of the considered brain regions, we showed that the remote action of Cg25 DBS could be explained by a reduced top-down effective connectivity of the amygdalo-temporo-polar complex. Overall, our results thus indicate that Cg25 DBS during the emotional Stroop task causes a decrease of top-down limbic influence on the ventral visual stream itself, rather than a modulation of prefrontal cognitive processes only. Tuning down limbic excitability in relation to sensory processing might be one of the biological mechanisms through which Cg25 DBS produces positive clinical outcome in the treatment of resistant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Kibleur
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Clinique Universitaire de Neurochirurgie, Pôle Tête et Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Grenoble, France
| | - Mircea Polosan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Clinique Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Pôle Psychiatrie Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Grenoble, France; Clinique Universitaire de Neurochirurgie, Pôle Tête et Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Grenoble, France
| | - Pauline Favre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Laboratoire Psychologie et NeuroCognition, CNRS UMR 5105, F-38040, Grenoble, France; Clinique Universitaire de Neurochirurgie, Pôle Tête et Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Grenoble, France
| | - David Rudrauf
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Clinique Universitaire de Neurochirurgie, Pôle Tête et Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Bougerol
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Clinique Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Pôle Psychiatrie Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Grenoble, France; Clinique Universitaire de Neurochirurgie, Pôle Tête et Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphan Chabardès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Laboratoire Psychologie et NeuroCognition, CNRS UMR 5105, F-38040, Grenoble, France; Clinique Universitaire de Neurochirurgie, Pôle Tête et Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier David
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Clinique Universitaire de Neurochirurgie, Pôle Tête et Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Grenoble, France.
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Imbir KK. Subjective Significance Shapes Arousal Effects on Modified Stroop Task Performance: A Duality of Activation Mechanisms Account. Front Psychol 2016; 7:75. [PMID: 26869974 PMCID: PMC4735373 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation mechanisms such as arousal are known to be responsible for slowdown observed in the Emotional Stroop and modified Stroop tasks. Using the duality of mind perspective, we may conclude that both ways of processing information (automatic or controlled) should have their own mechanisms of activation, namely, arousal for an experiential mind, and subjective significance for a rational mind. To investigate the consequences of both, factorial manipulation was prepared. Other factors that influence Stroop task processing such as valence, concreteness, frequency, and word length were controlled. Subjective significance was expected to influence arousal effects. In the first study, the task was to name the color of font for activation charged words. In the second study, activation charged words were, at the same time, combined with an incongruent condition of the classical Stroop task around a fixation point. The task was to indicate the font color for color-meaning words. In both studies, subjective significance was found to shape the arousal impact on performance in terms of the slowdown reduction for words charged with subjective significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil K Imbir
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
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14-3-3γ affects mTOR pathway and regulates lactogenesis in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:697-704. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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