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Abraham E, Hartmann H, Yoshimatsu T, Baden T, Brand M. Restoration of cone-circuit functionality in the regenerating adult zebrafish retina. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00440-4. [PMID: 39096897 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Unlike humans, teleosts like zebrafish exhibit robust retinal regeneration after injury from endogenous stem cells. However, it is unclear if regenerating cone photoreceptors regain physiological function and integrate correctly into post-synaptic circuits. We used two-photon calcium imaging of living adult retina to examine photoreceptor responses before and after light-induced lesions. To assess functional recovery of cones and downstream outer retinal circuits, we exploited color opponency; UV cones exhibit intrinsic Off-response to blue light, but On-response to green light, which depends on feedback signals from outer retinal circuits. Accordingly, we assessed the presence and quality of Off- vs. On-responses and found that regenerated UV cones regain both Off-responses to short-wavelength and On-responses to long-wavelength light within 3 months after lesion. Therefore, physiological circuit functionality is restored in regenerated cone photoreceptors, suggesting that inducing endogenous regeneration is a promising strategy for human retinal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Abraham
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, CMCB, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hella Hartmann
- CMCB - Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Takeshi Yoshimatsu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Biology Road, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Tom Baden
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Biology Road, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Michael Brand
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, CMCB, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany; CMCB - Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307 Dresden, Germany; PoL - Excellence Cluster Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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2
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Bludau O, Weber A, Bosak V, Kuscha V, Dietrich K, Hans S, Brand M. Inflammation is a critical factor for successful regeneration of the adult zebrafish retina in response to diffuse light lesion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1332347. [PMID: 39071801 PMCID: PMC11272569 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1332347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation can lead to persistent and irreversible loss of retinal neurons and photoreceptors in mammalian vertebrates. In contrast, in the adult zebrafish brain, acute neural inflammation is both necessary and sufficient to stimulate regeneration of neurons. Here, we report on the critical, positive role of the immune system to support retina regeneration in adult zebrafish. After sterile ablation of photoreceptors by phototoxicity, we find rapid response of immune cells, especially monocytes/microglia and neutrophils, which returns to homeostatic levels within 14 days post lesion. Pharmacological or genetic impairment of the immune system results in a reduced Müller glia stem cell response, seen as decreased reactive proliferation, and a strikingly reduced number of regenerated cells from them, including photoreceptors. Conversely, injection of the immune stimulators flagellin, zymosan, or M-CSF into the vitreous of the eye, leads to a robust proliferation response and the upregulation of regeneration-associated marker genes in Müller glia. Our results suggest that neuroinflammation is a necessary and sufficient driver for retinal regeneration in the adult zebrafish retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bludau
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anke Weber
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Viktoria Bosak
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veronika Kuscha
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Dietrich
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
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3
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Celotto L, Rost F, Machate A, Bläsche J, Dahl A, Weber A, Hans S, Brand M. Single-cell RNA sequencing unravels the transcriptional network underlying zebrafish retina regeneration. eLife 2023; 12:RP86507. [PMID: 37988404 PMCID: PMC10662954 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the lesioned zebrafish retina, Müller glia produce multipotent retinal progenitors that generate all retinal neurons, replacing lost cell types. To study the molecular mechanisms linking Müller glia reactivity to progenitor production and neuronal differentiation, we used single-cell RNA sequencing of Müller glia, progenitors and regenerated progeny from uninjured and light-lesioned retinae. We discover an injury-induced Müller glia differentiation trajectory that leads into a cell population with a hybrid identity expressing marker genes of Müller glia and progenitors. A glial self-renewal and a neurogenic trajectory depart from the hybrid cell population. We further observe that neurogenic progenitors progressively differentiate to generate retinal ganglion cells first and bipolar cells last, similar to the events observed during retinal development. Our work provides a comprehensive description of Müller glia and progenitor transcriptional changes and fate decisions in the regenerating retina, which are key to tailor cell differentiation and replacement therapies for retinal dystrophies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Celotto
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), FetscherstraßeDresdenGermany
| | - Fabian Rost
- Technische Universität Dresden, DRESDEN-Concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), FetscherstraßeDresdenGermany
| | - Anja Machate
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), FetscherstraßeDresdenGermany
| | - Juliane Bläsche
- Technische Universität Dresden, DRESDEN-Concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), FetscherstraßeDresdenGermany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Technische Universität Dresden, DRESDEN-Concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), FetscherstraßeDresdenGermany
| | - Anke Weber
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), FetscherstraßeDresdenGermany
| | - Stefan Hans
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), FetscherstraßeDresdenGermany
| | - Michael Brand
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), FetscherstraßeDresdenGermany
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4
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Live Cell Imaging of Dynamic Processes in Adult Zebrafish Retinal Cross-Section Cultures. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2636:367-388. [PMID: 36881311 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3012-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Following retinal injury, zebrafish possess the remarkable capacity to endogenously regenerate lost retinal neurons from Müller glia-derived neuronal progenitor cells. Additionally, neuronal cell types that are undamaged and persist in the injured retina are also produced. Thus, the zebrafish retina is an excellent system to study the integration of all neuronal cell types into an existing neuronal circuit. The few studies that examined axonal/dendritic outgrowth and the establishment of synaptic contacts by regenerated neurons predominantly utilized fixed tissue samples. We recently established a flatmount culture model to monitor Müller glia nuclear migration in real time by two-photon microscopy. However, in retinal flatmounts, z-stacks of the entire retinal z-dimension have to be acquired to image cells that extend through parts or the entirety of the neural retina, such as bipolar cells and Müller glia, respectively. Cellular processes with fast kinetics might thus be missed. Therefore, we generated a retinal cross-section culture from light-damaged zebrafish to image the entire Müller glia in one z-plane. Isolated dorsal retinal hemispheres were cut into two dorsal quarters and mounted with the cross-section view facing the coverslips of culture dishes, which allowed monitoring Müller glia nuclear migration using confocal microscopy. Confocal imaging of cross-section cultures is ultimately also applicable to live cell imaging of axon/dendrite formation of regenerated bipolar cells, while the flatmount culture model will be more suitable to monitor axon outgrowth of ganglion cells.
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Lichtenegger A, Baumann B, Yasuno Y. Optical Coherence Tomography Is a Promising Tool for Zebrafish-Based Research-A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 10:5. [PMID: 36671577 PMCID: PMC9854701 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is an established vertebrae model in the field of biomedical research. With its small size, rapid maturation time and semi-transparency at early development stages, it has proven to be an important animal model, especially for high-throughput studies. Three-dimensional, high-resolution, non-destructive and label-free imaging techniques are perfectly suited to investigate these animals over various development stages. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an interferometric-based optical imaging technique that has revolutionized the diagnostic possibilities in the field of ophthalmology and has proven to be a powerful tool for many microscopic applications. Recently, OCT found its way into state-of-the-art zebrafish-based research. This review article gives an overview and a discussion of the relevant literature and an outlook for this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Lichtenegger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Bernhard Baumann
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
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Schwarzer S, Rekhade DR, Machate A, Spieß S, Geffarth M, Ezhkova D, Hans S. Reactivation of the Neurogenic Niche in the Adult Zebrafish Statoacoustic Ganglion Following a Mechanical Lesion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:850624. [PMID: 35372332 PMCID: PMC8964994 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.850624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by the loss of sensory hair cells and/or their innervating neurons within the inner ear and affects millions of people worldwide. In mammals, including humans, the underlying cell types are only produced during fetal stages making loss of these cells and the resulting consequences irreversible. In contrast, zebrafish produce sensory hair cells throughout life and additionally possess the remarkable capacity to regenerate them upon lesion. Recently, we showed that also inner ear neurogenesis continues to take place in the zebrafish statoacoustic ganglion (SAG) well into adulthood. The neurogenic niche displays presumptive stem cells, proliferating Neurod-positive progenitors and a high level of neurogenesis at juvenile stages. It turns dormant at adult stages with only a few proliferating presumptive stem cells, no proliferating Neurod-positive progenitors, and very low levels of newborn neurons. Whether the neurogenic niche can be reactivated and whether SAG neurons can regenerate upon damage is unknown. To study the regenerative capacity of the SAG, we established a lesion paradigm using injections into the otic capsule of the right ear. Upon lesion, the number of apoptotic cells increased, and immune cells infiltrated the SAG of the lesioned side. Importantly, the Neurod-positive progenitor cells re-entered the cell cycle displaying a peak in proliferation at 8 days post lesion before they returned to homeostatic levels at 57 days post lesion. In parallel to reactive proliferation, we observed increased neurogenesis from the Neurod-positive progenitor pool. Reactive neurogenesis started at around 4 days post lesion peaking at 8 days post lesion before the neurogenesis rate decreased again to low homeostatic levels at 57 days post lesion. Additionally, administration of the thymidine analog BrdU and, thereby, labeling proliferating cells and their progeny revealed the generation of new sensory neurons within 19 days post lesion. Taken together, we show that the neurogenic niche of the adult zebrafish SAG can indeed be reactivated to re-enter the cell cycle and to increase neurogenesis upon lesion. Studying the underlying genes and pathways in zebrafish will allow comparative studies with mammalian species and might provide valuable insights into developing cures for auditory and vestibular neuropathies.
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7
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Hammer J, Röppenack P, Yousuf S, Schnabel C, Weber A, Zöller D, Koch E, Hans S, Brand M. Visual Function is Gradually Restored During Retina Regeneration in Adult Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:831322. [PMID: 35178408 PMCID: PMC8844564 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.831322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In comparison to mammals, zebrafish are able to regenerate many organs and tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). Within the CNS-derived neural retina, light lesions result in a loss of photoreceptors and the subsequent activation of Müller glia, the retinal stem cells. Müller glia-derived progenitors differentiate and eventually restore the anatomical tissue architecture within 4 weeks. However, little is known about how light lesions impair vision functionally, as well as how and to what extent visual function is restored during the course of regeneration, in particular in adult animals. Here, we applied quantitative behavioral assays to assess restoration of visual function during homeostasis and regeneration in adult zebrafish. We developed a novel vision-dependent social preference test, and show that vision is massively impaired early after lesion, but is restored to pre-lesion levels within 7 days after lesion. Furthermore, we employed a quantitative optokinetic response assay with different degrees of difficulty, similar to vision tests in humans. We found that vision for easy conditions with high contrast and low level of detail, as well as color vision, was restored around 7–10 days post lesion. Vision under more demanding conditions, with low contrast and high level of detail, was regained only later from 14 days post lesion onwards. Taken together, we conclude that vision based on contrast sensitivity, spatial resolution and the perception of colors is restored after light lesion in adult zebrafish in a gradual manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hammer
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Röppenack
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Yousuf
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Schnabel
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anke Weber
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Zöller
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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8
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Thanomsit C, Saetiew J, Meemon P. Optical Coherence Tomography as an Alternative Tool for Evaluating the Effects of Glyphosate on Hybrid Catfish (Clarias gariepinus ×fig Clarias macrocephalus). Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:181-190. [PMID: 35169544 PMCID: PMC8829573 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of OCT to evaluate the effects of glyphosate on hybrid catfish was studied. OCT can capture tissue damages in hybrid catfish caused by glyphosate. OCT entails a short preparation time, simple analysis, and chemical free. OCT has potential for real-time or field-based study in aquaculture.
Glyphosate contamination in fresh water is a major problem in agricultural countries. It affects many vital organs in freshwater organisms that are important in the food chain. Hence, the effects of glyphosate on living organism organs are of particular interest. However, several existing techniques for evaluating the effect of glyphosate on aquatic organisms require stained tissue. To study organ tissue with minimal processing, alternative technique is demanded. Here, we investigated the used of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as an alternative tool for ex vivo evaluation of the effect of glyphosate on organ tissues of aquatic organisms, i.e., hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus × Clarias macrocephalus). The targeted samples were organ tissues from the brain, gill, and liver of hybrid catfish after glyphosate exposion at concentration of 10 mg L−1 for 24 h. The alteration was then verified by histology, and immunohistochemistry. The study found that all three techniques provide correlated results. We observed that OCT clearly showed damage to the brain and gill tissues of glyphosate-exposed hybrid catfish. However, the alteration in liver tissue was observable but not clear for this low concentration of exposure. The results from histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the effect of glyphosate on brain, gill, and liver tissues of hybrid catfish. The results suggest that all three techniques could be used to examine the effects of glyphosate exposure in hybrid catfish. However, the choice of a suitable technique depends upon the purpose of the study.
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9
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Chen W, Tsissios G, Sallese A, Smucker B, Nguyen AT, Chen J, Wang H, Del Rio-Tsonis K. In Vivo Imaging of Newt Lens Regeneration: Novel Insights Into the Regeneration Process. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:4. [PMID: 34383878 PMCID: PMC8362625 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.10.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To establish optical coherence tomography (OCT) as an in vivo imaging modality for investigating the process of newt lens regeneration. Methods Spectral-domain OCT was employed for in vivo imaging of the newt lens regeneration process. A total of 37 newts were lentectomized and followed by OCT imaging over the course of 60 to 80 days. Histological images were obtained at several time points to compare with the corresponding OCT images. Volume measurements were also acquired. Results OCT can identify the key features observed in corresponding histological images based on the scattering differences from various eye tissues, such as the cornea, intact and regenerated lens, and the iris. Lens volume measurements from three-dimensional OCT images showed that the regenerating lens size increased linearly until 60 days post-lentectomy. Conclusions Using OCT imaging, we were able to track the entire process of newt lens regeneration in vivo for the first time. Three-dimensional OCT images allowed us to volumetrically quantify and visualize the dynamic spatial relationships between tissues during the regeneration process. Our results establish OCT as anin vivo imaging modality to track/analyze the entire lens regeneration process from the same animal. Translational Relevance Lens regeneration in newts represents a unique example of vertebrate tissue plasticity. Investigating the cellular and morphological events that govern this extraordinary process in vivo will advance our understanding and shed light on developing new therapies to treat blinding disorders in higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Chen
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Georgios Tsissios
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Anthony Sallese
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Byran Smucker
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Department of Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Anh-Thu Nguyen
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Junfan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford OH, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Katia Del Rio-Tsonis
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
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10
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Neurodegeneration, Neuroprotection and Regeneration in the Zebrafish Retina. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030633. [PMID: 33809186 PMCID: PMC8000332 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative retinal diseases, such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, involve a gradual loss of neurons in the retina as the disease progresses. Central nervous system neurons are not able to regenerate in mammals, therefore, an often sought after course of treatment for neuronal loss follows a neuroprotective or regenerative strategy. Neuroprotection is the process of preserving the structure and function of the neurons that have survived a harmful insult; while regenerative approaches aim to replace or rewire the neurons and synaptic connections that were lost, or induce regrowth of damaged axons or dendrites. In order to test the neuroprotective effectiveness or the regenerative capacity of a particular agent, a robust experimental model of retinal neuronal damage is essential. Zebrafish are being used more often in this type of study because their eye structure and development is well-conserved between zebrafish and mammals. Zebrafish are robust genetic tools and are relatively inexpensive to maintain. The large array of functional and behavioral tests available in zebrafish makes them an attractive model for neuroprotection studies. Some common insults used to model retinal disease and study neuroprotection in zebrafish include intense light, chemical toxicity and mechanical damage. This review covers the existing retinal neuroprotection and regeneration literature in the zebrafish and highlights their potential for future studies.
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11
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Huckenpahler AL, Lookfong NA, Warr E, Heffernan E, Carroll J, Collery RF. Noninvasive Imaging of Cone Ablation and Regeneration in Zebrafish. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:18. [PMID: 32983626 PMCID: PMC7500127 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.10.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To observe and characterize cone degeneration and regeneration in a selective metronidazole-mediated ablation model of ultraviolet-sensitive (UV) cones in zebrafish using in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Methods Twenty-six sws1:nfsB-mCherry;sws2:eGFP zebrafish were imaged with OCT, treated with metronidazole to selectively kill UV cones, and imaged at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, or 56 days after ablation. Regions 200 × 200 µm were cropped from volume OCT scans to count individual UV cones before and after ablation. Fish eyes were fixed, and immunofluorescence staining was used to corroborate cone density measured from OCT and to track monocyte response. Results Histology shows significant loss of UV cones after metronidazole treatment with a slight increase in observable blue cone density one day after treatment (Kruskal, Wallis, P = 0.0061) and no significant change in blue cones at all other timepoints. Regenerated UV cones measured from OCT show significantly lower density than pre-cone-ablation at 14, 28, and 56 days after ablation (analysis of variance, P < 0.01, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, respectively, 15.9% of expected nonablated levels). Histology shows significant changes to monocyte morphology (mixed-effects analysis, P < 0.0001) and retinal position (mixed-effects analysis, P < 0.0001). Conclusions OCT can be used to observe loss of individual cones selectively ablated by metronidazole prodrug activation and to quantify UV cone loss and regeneration in zebrafish. OCT images also show transient changes to the blue cone mosaic and inner retinal layers that occur concomitantly with selective UV cone ablation. Translational Relevance Profiling cone degeneration and regeneration using in vivo imaging enables experiments that may lead to a better understanding of cone regeneration in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Huckenpahler
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Emma Warr
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Heffernan
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Joseph Carroll
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ross F Collery
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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12
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Medrano MP, Pisera-Fuster A, Bernabeu RO, Faillace MP. P2X7 and A 2A receptor endogenous activation protects against neuronal death caused by CoCl 2 -induced photoreceptor toxicity in the zebrafish retina. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2000-2020. [PMID: 31997350 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Injured retinas in mammals do not regenerate and heal with loss of function. The adult retina of zebrafish self-repairs after damage by activating cell-intrinsic mechanisms, which are regulated by extrinsic signal interactions. Among relevant regulatory extrinsic systems, purinergic signaling regulates progenitor proliferation during retinogenesis and regeneration and glia proliferation in proliferative retinopathies. ATP-activated P2X7 (P2RX7) and adenosine (P1R) receptors are involved in the progression of almost all retinopathies leading to blindness. Here, we examined P2RX7 and P1R participation in the retina regenerative response induced by photoreceptor damage caused by a specific dose of CoCl2 . First, we found that treatment of uninjured retinas with a potent agonist of P2RX7 (BzATP) provoked photoreceptor damage and mitotic activation of multipotent progenitors. In CoCl2 -injured retinas, blockade of endogenous extracellular ATP activity on P2RX7 caused further neurodegeneration, Müller cell gliosis, progenitor proliferation, and microglia reactivity. P2RX7 inhibition in injured retinas also increased the expression of lin28a and tnfα genes, which are related to multipotent progenitor proliferation. Levels of hif1α, vegf3r, and vegfaa mRNA were enhanced by blockade of P2RX7 immediately after injury, indicating hypoxic like damage and endothelial cell growth and proliferation. Complete depletion of extracellular nucleotides with an apyrase treatment strongly potentiated cell death and progenitor proliferation induced with CoCl2 . Blockade of adenosine P1 and A2A receptors (A2A R) had deleterious effects and deregulated normal timing for progenitor and precursor cell proliferation following photoreceptor damage. ATP via P2RX7 and adenosine via A2A R are survival extracellular signals key for retina regeneration in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías P Medrano
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Prof. Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO-Houssay) UBA y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonella Pisera-Fuster
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Prof. Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO-Houssay) UBA y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramón O Bernabeu
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Prof. Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO-Houssay) UBA y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Paula Faillace
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Prof. Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO-Houssay) UBA y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Medrano MP, Pisera Fuster A, Sanchis PA, Paez N, Bernabeu RO, Faillace MP. Characterization of proliferative, glial and angiogenic responses after a CoCl
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‐induced injury of photoreceptor cells in the adult zebrafish retina. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:3019-3042. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matias Pedro Medrano
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Prof. Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO‐Houssay) UBA y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Antonella Pisera Fuster
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Prof. Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO‐Houssay) UBA y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Pablo Antonio Sanchis
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Prof. Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO‐Houssay) UBA y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Natalia Paez
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Prof. Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO‐Houssay) UBA y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ramon Oscar Bernabeu
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Prof. Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO‐Houssay) UBA y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de FisiologíaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Maria Paula Faillace
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Prof. Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO‐Houssay) UBA y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de FisiologíaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Buenos Aires Argentina
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14
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Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) provide many advantages as a model organism for studying ocular disease and development, and there is great interest in the ability to non-invasively assess their photoreceptor mosaic. Despite recent applications of scanning light ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, and gonioscopy to in vivo imaging of the adult zebrafish eye, current techniques either lack accurate scaling information (limiting quantitative analyses) or require euthanizing the fish (precluding longitudinal analyses). Here we describe improved methods for imaging the adult zebrafish retina using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Transgenic fli1:eGFP zebrafish were imaged using the Bioptigen Envisu R2200 broadband source OCT with a 12-mm telecentric probe to measure axial length and a mouse retina probe to acquire retinal volume scans subtending 1.2 × 1.2 mm nominally. En face summed volume projections were generated from the volume scans using custom software that allows the user to create contours tailored to specific retinal layer(s) of interest. Following imaging, the eyes were dissected for ex vivo fluorescence microscopy, and measurements of blood vessel branch points were compared to those made from the en face OCT images to determine the OCT lateral scale as a function of axial length. Using this scaling model, we imaged the photoreceptor layer of five wild-type zebrafish and quantified the density and packing geometry of the UV cone submosaic. Our in vivo cone density measurements agreed with measurements from previously published histology values. The method presented here allows accurate, quantitative assessment of cone structure in vivo and will be useful for longitudinal studies of the zebrafish cone mosaics.
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15
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Müller G, Meissner S, Walther J, Koch E, Morawietz H. In vivo imaging of murine vasodynamics analyzing different mouse strains by optical coherence tomography. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2017; 30:311-318. [PMID: 29096856 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We tried to circumvent the limitations of standard organ chamber experiments using in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) to analyze the vascular function of small arteries in different mouse strains. METHODS OCT images were acquired with a two-axis galvanometer scanner head. Time series (3 frames per second, 300 × 512 pixel per frame) of cross-sectional images were analyzed with image processing software measuring the time course of vessel lumen dynamics. Vascular function of murine saphenous artery of male C57BL/6 (wild-type) and hypercholesterolemic LDLR knockout (LDLR-/-) mice was analyzed at 6 weeks and after 14 weeks feeding a control or high-fat diet containing 21.2% butter fat and 2.1 mg/kg cholesterol. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation was analyzed by OCT in response to 80 mM K+ and 1 mM SNP. RESULTS The OCT technique allowed determination of inner diameter, flow resistance, maximal velocity of diameter change and time to half-maximal diameter change in murine saphenous arteries of wild-type and LDLR-/- mice. LDLR-/- had impaired vasodilation and changes in vasodynamics after 14 weeks on control or high-fat diet, compared to wild-type mice. The diameter of the saphenous artery of LDLR-/- mice was reduced after vasoconstriction (38 ± 7 μm vs 12 ± 6 μm) and vasodilation (245 ± 8 μm vs 220 ± 10 μm) (P < 0.05 vs C57BL/6). CONCLUSION OCT was used as an innovative method to image vascular function of small arteries of wild-type and hypercholesterolemic LDLR-/- mice after high-fat diet. The method offers the ability to display differences in the vasodynamics at early stages of endothelial dysfunction in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Müller
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Meissner
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Walther
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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16
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Ail D, Perron M. Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration-Lessons From Fishes and Amphibians. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 5:67-78. [PMID: 28255526 PMCID: PMC5309292 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Retinal degenerative diseases have immense socio-economic impact. Studying animal models that recapitulate human eye pathologies aids in understanding the pathogenesis of diseases and allows for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies. Some non-mammalian species are known to have remarkable regenerative abilities and may provide the basis to develop strategies to stimulate self-repair in patients suffering from these retinal diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Non-mammalian organisms, such as zebrafish and Xenopus, have become attractive model systems to study retinal diseases. Additionally, many fish and amphibian models of retinal cell ablation and cell lineage analysis have been developed to study regeneration. These investigations highlighted several cellular sources for retinal repair in different fish and amphibian species. Moreover, major differences in repair mechanisms have been reported in these animal models. SUMMARY This review aims to emphasize first on the importance of zebrafish and Xenopus models in studying the pathogenesis of retinal diseases and, second, on the different modes of regeneration processes in these model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ail
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France
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17
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Toms M, Tracey-White D, Muhundhakumar D, Sprogyte L, Dubis AM, Moosajee M. Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography: An In Vivo Imaging Protocol for Assessing Retinal Morphology in Adult Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2017; 14:118-125. [PMID: 28051361 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study outlines a protocol for examining retinal structure in zebrafish, a popular model organism for ocular studies, using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). We demonstrate how this live imaging modality can be used to obtain high quality images of several retinal features, including the optic nerve, retinal vasculature, and the cone photoreceptor mosaic. Retinal histology sections were obtained from imaged fish for comparison with SD-OCT cross-sectional B-scans. Voronoi domain analysis was used to assess cone photoreceptor packing regularity at 3, 6, and 12 months. SD-OCT is an effective in vivo technique for studying the adult zebrafish retina and can be applied to disease models for longitudinal serial monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Toms
- 1 Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology , London, United Kingdom
| | - Dhani Tracey-White
- 1 Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology , London, United Kingdom
| | - Dhakshi Muhundhakumar
- 1 Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology , London, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Sprogyte
- 1 Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology , London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam M Dubis
- 1 Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology , London, United Kingdom .,2 Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- 1 Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology , London, United Kingdom .,2 Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , London, United Kingdom
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18
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Wang YJ, Cai SJ, Cui JL, Chen Y, Tang X, Li YH. Correlation between photoreceptor injury-regeneration and behavior in a zebrafish model. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:795-803. [PMID: 28616037 PMCID: PMC5461618 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.206651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct exposure to intensive visible light can lead to solar retinopathy, including macular injury. The signs and symptoms include central scotoma, metamorphopsia, and decreased vision. However, there have been few studies examining retinal injury due to intensive light stimulation at the cellular level. Neural network arrangements and gene expression patterns in zebrafish photoreceptors are similar to those observed in humans, and photoreceptor injury in zebrafish can induce stem cell-based cellular regeneration. Therefore, the zebrafish retina is considered a useful model for studying photoreceptor injury in humans. In the current study, the central retinal photoreceptors of zebrafish were selectively ablated by stimulation with high-intensity light. Retinal injury, cell proliferation and regeneration of cones and rods were assessed at 1, 3 and 7 days post lesion with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Additionally, a light/dark box test was used to assess zebrafish behavior. The results revealed that photoreceptors were regenerated by 7 days after the light-induced injury. However, the regenerated cells showed a disrupted arrangement at the lesion site. During the injury-regeneration process, the zebrafish exhibited reduced locomotor capacity, weakened phototaxis and increased movement angular velocity. These behaviors matched the morphological changes of retinal injury and regeneration in a number of ways. This study demonstrates that the zebrafish retina has a robust capacity for regeneration. Visual impairment and stress responses following high-intensity light stimulation appear to contribute to the alteration of behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenviroment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Cataract Center, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Jiao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenviroment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Lin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenviroment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenviroment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Cataract Center, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenviroment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
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19
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Abstract
Sensing and responding to our environment requires functional neurons that act in concert. Neuronal cell loss resulting from degenerative diseases cannot be replaced in humans, causing a functional impairment to integrate and/or respond to sensory cues. In contrast, zebrafish (Danio rerio) possess an endogenous capacity to regenerate lost neurons. Here, we will focus on the processes that lead to neuronal regeneration in the zebrafish retina. Dying retinal neurons release a damage signal, tumor necrosis factor α, which induces the resident radial glia, the Müller glia, to reprogram and re-enter the cell cycle. The Müller glia divide asymmetrically to produce a Müller glia that exits the cell cycle and a neuronal progenitor cell. The arising neuronal progenitor cells undergo several rounds of cell divisions before they migrate to the site of damage to differentiate into the neuronal cell types that were lost. Molecular and immunohistochemical studies have predominantly provided insight into the mechanisms that regulate retinal regeneration. However, many processes during retinal regeneration are dynamic and require live-cell imaging to fully discern the underlying mechanisms. Recently, a multiphoton imaging approach of adult zebrafish retinal cultures was developed. We will discuss the use of live-cell imaging, the currently available tools and those that need to be developed to advance our knowledge on major open questions in the field of retinal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Lahne
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - David R Hyde
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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20
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Powell C, Cornblath E, Elsaeidi F, Wan J, Goldman D. Zebrafish Müller glia-derived progenitors are multipotent, exhibit proliferative biases and regenerate excess neurons. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24851. [PMID: 27094545 PMCID: PMC4837407 DOI: 10.1038/srep24851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike mammals, zebrafish can regenerate a damaged retina. Key to this regenerative response are Müller glia (MG) that respond to injury by reprogramming and adopting retinal stem cell properties. These reprogrammed MG divide to produce a proliferating population of retinal progenitors that migrate to areas of retinal damage and regenerate lost neurons. Previous studies have suggested that MG-derived progenitors may be biased to produce that are lost with injury. Here we investigated MG multipotency using injury paradigms that target different retinal nuclear layers for cell ablation. Our data indicate that regardless of which nuclear layer was damaged, MG respond by generating multipotent progenitors that migrate to all nuclear layers and differentiate into layer-specific cell types, suggesting that MG-derived progenitors in the injured retina are intrinsically multipotent. However, our analysis of progenitor proliferation reveals a proliferative advantage in nuclear layers where neurons were ablated. This suggests that feedback inhibition from surviving neurons may skew neuronal regeneration towards ablated cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Powell
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Eli Cornblath
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Fairouz Elsaeidi
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Jin Wan
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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21
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Kostic C, Arsenijevic Y. Animal modelling for inherited central vision loss. J Pathol 2015; 238:300-10. [PMID: 26387748 PMCID: PMC5063185 DOI: 10.1002/path.4641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Disease-causing variants of a large number of genes trigger inherited retinal degeneration leading to photoreceptor loss. Because cones are essential for daylight and central vision such as reading, mobility, and face recognition, this review focuses on a variety of animal models for cone diseases. The pertinence of using these models to reveal genotype/phenotype correlations and to evaluate new therapeutic strategies is discussed. Interestingly, several large animal models recapitulate human diseases and can serve as a strong base from which to study the biology of disease and to assess the scale-up of new therapies. Examples of innovative approaches will be presented such as lentiviral-based transgenesis in pigs and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-gene transfer into the monkey eye to investigate the neural circuitry plasticity of the visual system. The models reported herein permit the exploration of common mechanisms that exist between different species and the identification and highlighting of pathways that may be specific to primates, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Kostic
- Unit of Gene Therapy and Stem Cell Biology, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Arsenijevic
- Unit of Gene Therapy and Stem Cell Biology, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Midkine-a protein localization in the developing and adult retina of the zebrafish and its function during photoreceptor regeneration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121789. [PMID: 25803551 PMCID: PMC4372396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Midkine is a heparin binding growth factor with important functions in neuronal development and survival, but little is known about its function in the retina. Previous studies show that in the developing zebrafish, Midkine-a (Mdka) regulates cell cycle kinetics in retinal progenitors, and following injury to the adult zebrafish retina, mdka is strongly upregulated in Müller glia and the injury-induced photoreceptor progenitors. Here we provide the first data describing Mdka protein localization during different stages of retinal development and during the regeneration of photoreceptors in adults. We also experimentally test the role of Mdka during photoreceptor regeneration. The immuno-localization of Mdka reflects the complex spatiotemporal pattern of gene expression and also reveals the apparent secretion and extracellular trafficking of this protein. During embryonic retinal development the Mdka antibodies label all mitotically active cells, but at the onset of neuronal differentiation, immunostaining is also localized to the nascent inner plexiform layer. Starting at five days post fertilization through the juvenile stage, Mdka immunostaining labels the cytoplasm of horizontal cells and the overlying somata of rod photoreceptors. Double immunolabeling shows that in adult horizontal cells, Mdka co-localizes with markers of the Golgi complex. Together, these data are interpreted to show that Mdka is synthesized in horizontal cells and secreted into the outer nuclear layer. In adults, Mdka is also present in the end feet of Müller glia. Similar to mdka gene expression, Mdka in horizontal cells is regulated by circadian rhythms. After the light-induced death of photoreceptors, Mdka immuonolabeling is localized to Müller glia, the intrinsic stem cells of the zebrafish retina, and proliferating photoreceptor progenitors. Knockdown of Mdka during photoreceptor regeneration results in less proliferation and diminished regeneration of rod photoreceptors. These data suggest that during photoreceptor regeneration Mdka regulates aspects of injury-induced cell proliferation.
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23
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Gladys FM, Matsuda M, Lim Y, Jackin BJ, Imai T, Otani Y, Yatagai T, Cense B. Developmental and morphological studies in Japanese medaka with ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:297-308. [PMID: 25780725 PMCID: PMC4354602 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography to study the morphological development of internal organs in medaka fish in the post-embryonic stages at micrometer resolution. Different stages of Japanese medaka were imaged after hatching in vivo with an axial resolution of 2.8 µm in tissue. Various morphological structures and organs identified in the OCT images were then compared with the histology. Due to the medaka's close resemblance to vertebrates, including humans, these morphological features play an important role in morphogenesis and can be used to study diseases that also occur in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Moses Gladys
- Center for Optical Research and Education (CORE), Utsunomiya University,
Japan
| | - Masaru Matsuda
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University,
Japan
| | - Yiheng Lim
- Center for Optical Research and Education (CORE), Utsunomiya University,
Japan
| | - Boaz Jessie Jackin
- Center for Optical Research and Education (CORE), Utsunomiya University,
Japan
| | - Takuto Imai
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University,
Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology,
Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Otani
- Center for Optical Research and Education (CORE), Utsunomiya University,
Japan
| | - Toyohiko Yatagai
- Center for Optical Research and Education (CORE), Utsunomiya University,
Japan
| | - Barry Cense
- Center for Optical Research and Education (CORE), Utsunomiya University,
Japan
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24
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DiCicco RM, Bell BA, Kaul C, Hollyfield JG, Anand-Apte B, Perkins BD, Tao YK, Yuan A. Retinal regeneration following OCT-guided laser injury in zebrafish. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:6281-8. [PMID: 25205862 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Establish a focal injury/regeneration model in zebrafish using laser photocoagulation guided by optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS Adult zebrafish were imaged by OCT and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) in room air through a contact lens. Using a beam combiner, 532-nm laser photocoagulation was applied using the OCT C-scan image for targeting. Laser spots of 42 to 47 mW were delivered to the retina. At multiple intervals post injury, fish were imaged using both OCT and cSLO to follow the progression of each lesion. Histologic sections and TUNEL staining were performed to monitor the injury response. RESULTS Round lesions (26057 ± 621 μm(2)) localized to the outer retina were successfully applied. Laser application was visualized by real-time OCT and lesions were detectable by both OCT and cSLO in vivo. Lesion size increased 1 day post lesion then decreased in size. Histologic sections showed focal areas of damage localized primarily to the outer retina. By 3 weeks, the damaged areas had regenerated and a fully laminated structure was re-established. However, subtle changes can still be detected by OCT, cSLO imaging, and histology. Infrared darkfield imaging was more sensitive than OCT at revealing subtle changes in regenerated areas. CONCLUSIONS Optical coherence tomography-guided laser photocoagulation is a useful tool for inducing localized lesions and studying retinal regeneration in zebrafish. This novel method will allow us to characterize the cellular and molecular changes that take place at the interface between normal and damaged tissue. Regeneration can be observed using high-resolution OCT and cSLO imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M DiCicco
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Brent A Bell
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Charles Kaul
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Joe G Hollyfield
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Bela Anand-Apte
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Brian D Perkins
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Yuankai K Tao
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Alex Yuan
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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25
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Rajaram K, Summerbell ER, Patton JG. Technical brief: Constant intense light exposure to lesion and initiate regeneration in normally pigmented zebrafish. Mol Vis 2014; 20:1075-84. [PMID: 25324680 PMCID: PMC4119235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are capable of robust and spontaneous regeneration of injured retina. Constant intense light exposure to adult albino zebrafish specifically causes apoptosis of rod and cone photoreceptor cells and is an excellent model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying photoreceptor regeneration. However, this paradigm has only been applied to lesion zebrafish of the nonpigmented albino genetic background, which precludes the use of numerous transgenic reporter lines that are widely used to study regeneration. Here, we explored the effectiveness of constant intense light exposure in causing photoreceptor apoptosis and stimulating regeneration in normally pigmented zebrafish retinas. We show that constant intense light exposure causes widespread photoreceptor damage in the dorsal-central retinas of pigmented zebrafish. Photoreceptor loss triggers dedifferentiation and proliferation of Müller glia as well as progenitor cell proliferation. We also demonstrate that the timeline of regeneration response is comparable between the albino and the pigmented retinas.
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26
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Lenkowski JR, Raymond PA. Müller glia: Stem cells for generation and regeneration of retinal neurons in teleost fish. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 40:94-123. [PMID: 24412518 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adult zebrafish generate new neurons in the brain and retina throughout life. Growth-related neurogenesis allows a vigorous regenerative response to damage, and fish can regenerate retinal neurons, including photoreceptors, and restore functional vision following photic, chemical, or mechanical destruction of the retina. Müller glial cells in fish function as radial-glial-like neural stem cells. During adult growth, Müller glial nuclei undergo sporadic, asymmetric, self-renewing mitotic divisions in the inner nuclear layer to generate a rod progenitor that migrates along the radial fiber of the Müller glia into the outer nuclear layer, proliferates, and differentiates exclusively into rod photoreceptors. When retinal neurons are destroyed, Müller glia in the immediate vicinity of the damage partially and transiently dedifferentiate, re-express retinal progenitor and stem cell markers, re-enter the cell cycle, undergo interkinetic nuclear migration (characteristic of neuroepithelial cells), and divide once in an asymmetric, self-renewing division to generate a retinal progenitor. This daughter cell proliferates rapidly to form a compact neurogenic cluster surrounding the Müller glia; these multipotent retinal progenitors then migrate along the radial fiber to the appropriate lamina to replace missing retinal neurons. Some aspects of the injury-response in fish Müller glia resemble gliosis as observed in mammals, and mammalian Müller glia exhibit some neurogenic properties, indicative of a latent ability to regenerate retinal neurons. Understanding the specific properties of fish Müller glia that facilitate their robust capacity to generate retinal neurons will inform and inspire new clinical approaches for treating blindness and visual loss with regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny R Lenkowski
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Pamela A Raymond
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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