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Desoye G, Herrera E. Adipose tissue development and lipid metabolism in the human fetus: The 2020 perspective focusing on maternal diabetes and obesity. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101082. [PMID: 33383022 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During development, the human fetus accrues the highest proportion of fat of all mammals. Precursors of fat lobules can be found at week 14 of pregnancy. Thereafter, they expand, filling with triacylglycerols during pregnancy. The resultant mature lipid-filled adipocytes emerge from a developmental programme of embryonic stem cells, which is regulated differently than adult adipogenesis. Fetal triacylglycerol synthesis uses glycerol and fatty acids derived predominantly from glycolysis and lipogenesis in liver and adipocytes. The fatty acid composition of fetal adipose tissue at the end of pregnancy shows a preponderance of palmitic acid, and differs from the mother. Maternal diabetes mellitus does not influence this fatty acid profile. Glucose oxidation is the main source of energy for the fetus, but mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation also contributes. Indirect evidence suggests the presence of lipoprotein lipase in fetal adipose tissue. Its activity may be increased under hyperinsulinemic conditions as in maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity, thereby contributing to increased triacylglycerol deposition found in the newborns of such pregnancies. Fetal lipolysis is low. Changes in the expression of genes controlling metabolism in fetal adipose tissue appear to contribute actively to the increased neonatal fat mass found in diabetes and obesity. Many of these processes are under endocrine regulation, principally by insulin, and show sex-differences. Novel fatty acid derived signals such as oxylipins are present in cord blood with as yet undiscovered function. Despite many decades of research on fetal lipid deposition and metabolism, many key questions await answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - E Herrera
- Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
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Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is related to gestational weight gain in pregnant women with obesity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12428. [PMID: 30127377 PMCID: PMC6102233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29731-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is a circulating protein involved in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism. However, its role in obesity and pregnancy is unknown. To evaluate the relationship between gestational weight gain (GWG) and circulating concentrations of ANGPTL4 in pregnant women with overweight and obesity, weight gain and fasting maternal blood samples of thirty-one pregnant women was drawn at 15, 24 and 32 weeks of gestation. ANGPTL4 concentrations continuously rose throughout gestation, whereas VEGF and leptin did not show the same trend. NEFA and glycerol concentrations remained stable during pregnancy. In contrast, total concentrations of saturated, monounsaturated and n-6 fatty acids, but not n-3 fatty acids, increased with pregnancy. In multiple regression analysis, the increase in plasma ANGPTL4 and decrease in linoleic acid concentrations were the most significant predictors of GWG, although only ANGPTL4 was significantly associated with the weight gain from early pregnancy (area under the ROC curve was 0.80 p < 0.01(95% CI 0.61-0.99)). In conclusion, in pregnant women with overweight and obesity, an increase in plasma ANGPTL4 concentrations throughout pregnancy is positively associated with GWG and could be used as an early marker of increased susceptibility to excess gestational weight gain.
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Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays a major role in the homeostasis of fluid balance, vascular tonus, and the regulation of the endocrine stress response. The measurement of AVP levels is difficult due to its short half-life and laborious method of detection. Copeptin is a more stable peptide derived from the same precursor molecule, is released in an equimolar ratio to AVP, and has a very similar response to osmotic, hemodynamic, and stress-related stimuli. In fact, copeptin has been propagated as surrogate marker to indirectly determine circulating AVP concentrations in various conditions. Here, we present an overview of the current knowledge on AVP and copeptin in perinatology with a particular focus on the baby's transition from placenta to lung breathing. We performed a systematic review of the literature on fetal stress hormone levels, including norepinephrine, cortisol, AVP, and copeptin, in regard to birth stress. Finally, diagnostic and therapeutic options for copeptin measurement and AVP functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Suzanne Evers
- Division of Neonatology, University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB) , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Sven Wellmann
- Division of Neonatology, University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB) , Basel , Switzerland
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Schumacher A, Denecke B, Braunschweig T, Stahlschmidt J, Ziegler S, Brandenburg LO, Stope MB, Martincuks A, Vogt M, Görtz D, Camporeale A, Poli V, Müller-Newen G, Brümmendorf TH, Ziegler P. Angptl4 is upregulated under inflammatory conditions in the bone marrow of mice, expands myeloid progenitors, and accelerates reconstitution of platelets after myelosuppressive therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:64. [PMID: 26054961 PMCID: PMC4460974 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upon inflammation, myeloid cell generation in the bone marrow (BM) is broadly enhanced by the action of induced cytokines which are produced locally and at multiple sites throughout the body. METHODS Using microarray studies, we found that Angptl4 is upregulated in the BM during systemic inflammation. RESULTS Recombinant murine Angptl4 (rmAngptl4) stimulated the proliferation of myeloid colony-forming units (CFUs) in vitro. Upon repeated in vivo injections, rmAngptl4 increased BM progenitor cell frequency and this was paralleled by a relative increase in phenotypically defined granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs). Furthermore, in vivo treatment with rmAngptl4 resulted in elevated platelet counts in steady-state mice while allowing a significant acceleration of reconstitution of platelets after myelosuppressive therapy. The administration of rmAngptl4 increased the number of CD61(+)CD41(low)-expressing megakaryocytes (MK) in the BM of steady-state and in the spleen of transplanted mice. Furthermore, rmAngptl4 improved the in vitro differentiation of immature MKs from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Mechanistically, using a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) reporter knockin model, we show that rmAngptl4 induces de novo STAT3 expression in immature MK which could be important for the effective expansion of MKs after myelosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSION Whereas the definitive role of Angptl4 in mediating the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the BM has to be demonstrated by further studies involving multiple cytokine knockouts, our data suggest that Angptl4 plays a critical role during hematopoietic, especially megakaryopoietic, reconstitution following stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schumacher
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research IZKF Aachen, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jasmin Stahlschmidt
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Susanne Ziegler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lars-Ove Brandenburg
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Matthias B Stope
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Antons Martincuks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Michael Vogt
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Dieter Görtz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Annalisa Camporeale
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Valeria Poli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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