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Yuan X, Yang T, Xu T, Ren X, Huang S, Chen Y, Shi D, Li X. Expression pattern of ATG4C and its effect on early embryonic development of porcine oocytes. Theriogenology 2024; 225:9-15. [PMID: 38781849 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is essential for oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryo development. ATG4C, a member of the ATG4 family, plays a crucial role in the autophagy process. The effect of ATG4C on the early embryonic development in pig has not been studied. In this study, the expression patterns of ATG4C were explored using qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Different concentrations of serum were added to in vitro maturation (IVM) medium to investigate its effects on oocyte maturation and embryonic development. Finally, the developmental potential of parthenogenetic embryos was detected by downregulating ATG4C in MII stage oocytes under 0 % serum condition. The results revealed that ATG4C was highly expressed in porcine oocytes matured in vitro and in parthenogenetic embryos. Compared with the 10 % serum group, the cumulus cell expansion, first polar body (PB1) extrusion rate, and subsequent developmental competence of embryos were reduced in the 0 % and 5 % serum groups. The mRNA levels of LC3, ATG5, BECLIN1, TFAM, PGC1α, and PINK1 were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the 0 % serum group. ATG4C was significantly upregulated in the embryos at the 1-cell, 2-cell, 8-cell, and 16-cell stages in the 0 % serum group (P < 0.05). Compared with the negative control group, downregulation of ATG4C significantly decreased the 4-cell, 8-cell, and blastocyst rates (P < 0.05), and the expression of genes related to autophagy, mitochondria, and zygotic genome activation (ZGA) was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The relative fluorescence intensity of LC3 and mitochondrial content in the ATG4C siRNA group was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Collectively, the results indicate that ATG4C is highly expressed in porcine oocytes matured in vitro and in early embryos, and inhibition of ATG4C effects embryonic developmental competence by decreasing autophagy, mitochondrial content, and ZGA under serum-free condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of animal science and technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of animal science and technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Tairan Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of animal science and technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xuan Ren
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of animal science and technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Shihai Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of animal science and technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of animal science and technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of animal science and technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
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2
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Frankel D, Delecourt V, Novoa-del-Toro EM, Robin JD, Airault C, Bartoli C, Carabalona A, Perrin S, Mazaleyrat K, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Magdinier F, Baudot A, Lévy N, Kaspi E, Roll P. miR-376a-3p and miR-376b-3p overexpression in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria fibroblasts inhibits cell proliferation and induces premature senescence. iScience 2022; 25:103757. [PMID: 35118365 PMCID: PMC8800101 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder, in which an abnormal and toxic protein called progerin, accumulates in cell nuclei, leading to major cellular defects. Among them, chromatin remodeling drives gene expression changes, including miRNA dysregulation. In our study, we evaluated miRNA expression profiles in HGPS and control fibroblasts. We identified an enrichment of overexpressed miRNAs belonging to the 14q32.2-14q32.3 miRNA cluster. Using 3D FISH, we demonstrated that overexpression of these miRNAs is associated with chromatin remodeling at this specific locus in HGPS fibroblasts. We then focused on miR-376b-3p and miR-376a-3p, both overexpressed in HGPS fibroblasts. We demonstrated that their induced overexpression in control fibroblasts decreases cell proliferation and increases senescence, whereas their inhibition in HGPS fibroblasts rescues proliferation defects and senescence and decreases progerin accumulation. By targeting these major processes linked to premature aging, these two miRNAs may play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of HGPS. Several miRNAs are deregulated in HGPS fibroblasts compared with controls Progerin leads to overexpression of miRNAs belonging to the 14q32.2-14q32.3 cluster miR-376a and miR-376b overexpression decreases cell proliferation and increases senescence
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Frankel
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Hôpital la Timone, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Annachiara De Sandre-Giovannoli
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Hôpital la Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale, Biological Resource Center (CRB-TAC), Marseille, France
| | | | - Anaïs Baudot
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Hôpital la Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale, Biological Resource Center (CRB-TAC), Marseille, France
| | - Elise Kaspi
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Hôpital la Timone, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Roll
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Hôpital la Timone, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, France
- Corresponding author
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3
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Wu G, Xu Y, Zhang H, Ruan Z, Zhang P, Wang Z, Gao H, Che X, Xia Q, Chen F. A new prognostic risk model based on autophagy-related genes in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7805-7819. [PMID: 34636718 PMCID: PMC8806698 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1976050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential role of autophagy-related genes in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and develop a new prognostic-related risk model. In our research, we used multiple bioinformatics methods to perform a pan-cancer analysis of the CNV, SNV, mRNA expression, and overall survival of autophagy-related genes, and displayed the results in the form of heat maps. We then performed cluster analysis and LASSO regression analysis on these autophagy-related genes in KIRC. In the cluster analysis, we successfully divided patients with KIRC into five clusters and found that there was a clear correlation between the classification and two clinicopathological features: tumor, and stage. In LASSO regression analysis, we used 13 genes to create a new prognostic-related risk model in KIRC. The model showed that the survival rate of patients with KIRC in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that in the low-risk group, and that there was a correlation between this grouping and the patients’ metastasis, tumor, stage, grade, and fustat. The results of the ROC curve suggested that this model has good prediction accuracy. The results of multivariate Cox analysis show that the risk score of this model can be used as an independent risk factor for patients with KIRC. In summary, we believe that this research provides valuable data supporting future clinical treatment and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingkun Xu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huayu Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zihao Ruan
- Department of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peizhi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyu Che
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qinghua Xia
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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4
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Bayramoglu Tepe N, Bozgeyik E, Bozdag Z, Balat O, Ozcan HC, Ugur MG. Identification of autophagy-associated miRNA signature for the cervical squamous cell cancer and high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100536. [PMID: 34298410 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer markedly threatens women's health worldwide and currently ranks fourth leading cause of cancer mortality in women according to recent global cancer statistics. Recent advances have proven that not only tumor suppressor and oncogenes but also non-coding RNAs including micro RNAs (miRNAs) have significant impact in the development and progression of cervical cancers. Previous studies have identified many cancer-specific miRNAs for the early detection of cervical cancers. However, the diagnostic and prognostic use of autophagy-associated miRNAs for the cervical squamous cell cancer (SCC) cases and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) have not been uncovered. In the present study, we revealed that miRNAs are differentially expressed in both cervical SCC and HSIL. A total of 35 HSIL, 35 cervical SCC and 30 healthy controls were enrolled for the present study. Total RNA including miRNAs were isolated from the FFPE tissue samples and miRNA expression levels were quantified by quantitative PCR. Predicted miRNA targets of autophagy related genes were determined using miRNA-target prediction algorithms. MiR-143, miR-372, miR-375 and miR-30c were markedly downregulated in HSIL and cervical SCC. MiR-130a was significantly upregulated in the cervical SCC group compared to HSIL and control groups. MiR-30a, miR-520e, miR-548c and miR-372 were significantly associated with the overall survival of cervical SCC patients and these miRNAs were determined to be significant diagnostic markers as revealed by ROC analysis. Together, these results indicate that autophagy-associated miRNAs are potentially valuable for the differential diagnosis and targeted therapy to cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esra Bozgeyik
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
| | - Zehra Bozdag
- Department of Pathology, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Balat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | - Mete Gurol Ugur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
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5
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Khodakarimi S, Zarebkohan A, Kahroba H, Omrani M, Sepasi T, Mohaddes G, Beyrampour-Basmenj H, Ebrahimi A, Ebrahimi-Kalan A. The role of miRNAs in the regulation of autophagy in autoimmune diseases. Life Sci 2021; 287:119726. [PMID: 34144058 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AD), which are classified as chronic injuries, are caused by a specific auto-reactive reaction. The etiology of most ADs is not well understood. Meanwhile, Autophagy is a protective response defining as a catabolic method by lysosomes tending to maintain homeostasis acts by recycling and discrediting cell compartments. Autophagy plays a crucial role in controlling immune homeostasis by eliminating intracellular pathogens and presenting antigens to immune cognition. MicroRNAs are commonly known as endogenous non-coding small RNAs, which span 18-25 nt and take part in the gene expression at the post-transcriptional level regulation. miRNAs play important roles in different processes like, cell differentiation, duplicating, and apoptosis. Moreover, miRNAs are the critical molecules for the regular function of the immune system by modulating immune tolerance mechanisms and autoimmunity. Recent findings support the role of dysregulated miRNAs in the pathogenesis of ADs and in the regulation of autophagy. In this review, we will focus on the role of the miRNAs in the regulation of autophagy and then will explain the role of dysregulated miRNAs in the initiation of the ADs by modulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Khodakarimi
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadhassan Omrani
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tina Sepasi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Beyrampour-Basmenj
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayyub Ebrahimi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Haliç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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6
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Kim Y, Lee DH, Park SH, Jeon TI, Jung CH. The interplay of microRNAs and transcription factors in autophagy regulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:548-559. [PMID: 33879861 PMCID: PMC8102505 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosomal degradation system has an important role in maintaining liver homeostasis by removing unnecessary intracellular components. Impaired autophagy has been linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which includes hepatitis, steatosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Thus, gaining an understanding of the mechanisms that regulate autophagy and how autophagy contributes to the development and progression of NAFLD has become the focus of recent studies. Autophagy regulation has been thought to be primarily regulated by cytoplasmic processes; however, recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) also act as key regulators of autophagy by targeting autophagy-related genes. In this review, we summarize the miRNAs and TFs that regulate the autophagy pathway in NAFLD. We further focus on the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of autophagy and discuss the complex regulatory networks involving these regulators in autophagy. Finally, we highlight the potential of targeting miRNAs and TFs involved in the regulation of autophagy for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Kim
- grid.418974.70000 0001 0573 0246Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - So-Hyun Park
- grid.418974.70000 0001 0573 0246Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea ,grid.412786.e0000 0004 1791 8264Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Jeon
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- grid.418974.70000 0001 0573 0246Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea ,grid.412786.e0000 0004 1791 8264Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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7
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Xia F, Liu P, Li M. The regulatory factors and pathological roles of autophagy-related protein 4 in diverse diseases: Recent research advances. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1644-1675. [PMID: 33314291 DOI: 10.1002/med.21772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved and dynamic degradation/recycling pathway in which portions of the cytoplasm, such as dysfunctional proteins and surplus organelles, are engulfed by double-membrane bound vesicles through a lysosome-dependent process. As the only proteolytic enzyme of the core mammalian autophagy proteins, autophagy-related protein 4 (ATG4) primes newly synthesized pro-light chain 3 (LC3) to form LC3-I that attaches to phosphatidylethanolamine and delipidates LC3-PE to LC3-I for recycling. Besides autophagy, ATG4 has been shown to be involved in regulating various biological and pathological processes. The roles of ATG4 in cancer therapy, a methodology for ATG4 activity detection, and the discovery of chemical modulators have been well-reviewed. However, a comprehensive summary on how ATG4 is regulated by multiple factors and, thereby, how ATG4 influences autophagy or other pathways remains lacking. In this paper, we summarize multiple processes and molecules that regulate the activity of ATG4, such as micro-RNAs, posttranslational modifications, and small molecules. Additionally, we focus on the relationship between ATG4 and diverse diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, microbial infection, and other diseases. It provides insight regarding potential ATG4-targeted therapeutic opportunities, which could be beneficial for future studies and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Liu PF, Farooqi AA, Peng SY, Yu TJ, Dahms HU, Lee CH, Tang JY, Wang SC, Shu CW, Chang HW. Regulatory effects of noncoding RNAs on the interplay of oxidative stress and autophagy in cancer malignancy and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:269-282. [PMID: 33127466 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulation of various diseases including cancer has been extensively studied. Reactive oxidative species (ROS) elevated by oxidative stress are associated with cancer progression and drug resistance, while autophagy serves as an ROS scavenger in cancer cells. However, the regulatory effects of ncRNAs on autophagy and ROS in various cancer cells remains complex. Here, we explore how currently investigated ncRNAs, mainly miRNAs and lncRNAs, are involved in ROS production through modulating antioxidant genes. The regulatory effects of miRNAs and lncRNAs on autophagy-related (ATG) proteins to control autophagy activity in cancer cells are discussed. Moreover, differential expression of ncRNAs in tumor and normal tissues of cancer patients are further analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. This review hypothesizes links between ATG genes- or antioxidant genes-modulated ncRNAs and ROS production, which might result in tumorigenesis, malignancy, and cancer recurrence. A better understanding of the regulation of ROS and autophagy by ncRNAs might advance the use of ncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as therapeutic targets in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sheng-Yao Peng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hsin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Chieh Wang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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9
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Liang S, Li X, Gao C, Zhang L. microRNA-based autophagy inhibition as targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110799. [PMID: 33035835 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy with extremely low five-year survival rate. Pancreatic tumors maintain a high basal level of autophagy for survival and progression. Autophagy dysfunction leads to tumor progression in pancreatic cancer patients. Clinical trials with autophagy inhibitors, including hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, showed no significant therapeutic benefit as monotherapy. Instead of using chemical inhibitors, microRNA may serve as an alternative approach for autophagy inhibition. In the context of pancreatic cancer, the feasibility of using the microRNA approach to target core autophagy-related genes has been shown, which results in suppression of initiation or flux blockage of autophagy. In addition, autophagy inhibition leads to increased sensitivity of pancreatic tumors to a variety of therapeutic approaches, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other targeted agents. Recent studies suggest microRNA-based autophagy inhibition can be a promising and feasible approach for the clinical care of pancreatic cancer patients. Here we reviewed the mechanism of autophagy and recent progress of autophagy inhibition in pancreatic cancer treatment. We particularly focus on the microRNA approach in autophagy inhibition in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanhong Liang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xin Li
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lexing Zhang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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10
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Rezaei S, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Jalili A, Movahedpour A, Khan H, Moghoofei M, Shojaei Z, R Hamblin M, Mirzaei H. Autophagy-related MicroRNAs in chronic lung diseases and lung cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 153:103063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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11
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Talebian S, Daghagh H, Yousefi B, Ȍzkul Y, Ilkhani K, Seif F, Alivand MR. The role of epigenetics and non-coding RNAs in autophagy: A new perspective for thorough understanding. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111309. [PMID: 32634442 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a major self-degradative intracellular process required for the maintenance of homeostasis and promotion of survival in response to starvation. It plays critical roles in a large variety of physiological and pathological processes. On the other hand, aberrant regulation of autophagy can lead to various cancers and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Crohn's disease. Emerging evidence strongly supports that epigenetic signatures, related non-coding RNA profiles, and their cross-talking are significantly associated with the control of autophagic responses. Therefore, it may be helpful and promising to manage autophagic processes by finding valuable markers and therapeutic approaches. Although there is a great deal of information on the components of autophagy in the cytoplasm, the molecular basis of the epigenetic regulation of autophagy has not been completely elucidated. In this review, we highlight recent research on epigenetic changes through the expression of autophagy-related genes (ATGs), which regulate autophagy, DNA methylation, histone modifications as well as non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and their relationship with human diseases, that play key roles in causing autophagy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Talebian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Daghagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yusuf Ȍzkul
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Khandan Ilkhani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Seif
- Department of Immunology & Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Pourhanifeh MH, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Karimzadeh MR, Mirzaei HR, Razavi ZS, Sahebkar A, Hosseini N, Mirzaei H, Hamblin MR. Autophagy in cancers including brain tumors: role of MicroRNAs. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:88. [PMID: 32517694 PMCID: PMC7285723 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has a crucial role in many cancers, including brain tumors. Several types of endogenous molecules (e.g. microRNAs, AKT, PTEN, p53, EGFR, and NF1) can modulate the process of autophagy. Recently miRNAs (small non-coding RNAs) have been found to play a vital role in the regulation of different cellular and molecular processes, such as autophagy. Deregulation of these molecules is associated with the development and progression of different pathological conditions, including brain tumors. It was found that miRNAs are epigenetic regulators, which influence the level of proteins coded by the targeted mRNAs with any modification of the genetic sequences. It has been revealed that various miRNAs (e.g., miR-7-1-3p, miR-340, miR-17, miR-30a, miR-224-3p, and miR-93), as epigenetic regulators, can modulate autophagy pathways within brain tumors. A deeper understanding of the underlying molecular targets of miRNAs, and their function in autophagy pathways could contribute to the development of new treatment methods for patients with brain tumors. In this review, we summarize the various miRNAs, which are involved in regulating autophagy in brain tumors. Moreover, we highlight the role of miRNAs in autophagy-related pathways in different cancers. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Karimzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Razavi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nayyerehsadat Hosseini
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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13
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Machado IF, Teodoro JS, Palmeira CM, Rolo AP. miR-378a: a new emerging microRNA in metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1947-1958. [PMID: 31748917 PMCID: PMC11104830 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes or obesity, are the consequence of the disruption of the organism's metabolic pathways. The discovery of small non-coding RNAs-microRNAs (miRNAs)-as post-transcriptional gene regulators opened new doors for the development of novel strategies to combat said diseases. The two strands of miR-378a, miR-378a-3p, and miR-378a-5p are encoded in the Ppargc1b gene and have an active role in the regulation of several metabolic pathways such as mitochondrial metabolism and autophagy. Recent studies recognized miR-378a as an important regulator of energy and glucose homeostasis, highlighting it as a potential target for the improvement of metabolic dysregulation. In the present review, the current knowledge on miR-378a will be discussed with a particular emphasis on its biological functions and mechanisms of action in metabolism, mitochondria, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo F Machado
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João S Teodoro
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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14
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Akkoc Y, Gozuacik D. MicroRNAs as major regulators of the autophagy pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118662. [PMID: 32001304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular stress response mechanism activation of which leads to degradation of cellular components, including proteins as well as damaged organelles in lysosomes. Defects in autophagy mechanisms were associated with several pathologies (e.g. cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and rare genetic diseases). Therefore, autophagy regulation is under strict control. Transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms that control autophagy in cells and organisms studied in detail. Recent studies introduced non-coding small RNAs, and especially microRNAs (miRNAs) in the post-translational orchestration of the autophagic activity. In this review article, we analyzed in detail the current status of autophagy-miRNA connections. Comprehensive documentation of miRNAs that were directly involved in autophagy regulation resulted in the emergence of common themes and concepts governing these complex and intricate interactions. Hence, a better and systematic understanding of these interactions reveals a central role for miRNAs in the regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Akkoc
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Orhanli-Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Orhanli-Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
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15
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Wen ZP, Zeng WJ, Chen YH, Li H, Wang JY, Cheng Q, Yu J, Zhou HH, Liu ZZ, Xiao J, Chen XP. Knockdown ATG4C inhibits gliomas progression and promotes temozolomide chemosensitivity by suppressing autophagic flux. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:298. [PMID: 31291988 PMCID: PMC6617611 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common primary tumors in central nervous system. Despite advances in diagnosis and therapy, the prognosis of glioma remains gloomy. Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that degrades proteins and damaged organelles, which is implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Autophagy related 4C cysteine peptidase (ATG4C) is an autophagy regulator responsible for cleaving of pro-LC3 and delipidation of LC3 II. This study was designed to investigate the role of ATG4C in glioma progression and temozolomide (TMZ) chemosensitivity. METHODS The association between ATG4C mRNA expression and prognosis of gliomas patients was analyzed using the TCGA datasets. The role of ATG4C in proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and TMZ chemosensitivity were investigated by silencing ATG4C in vivo. Ectopic xenograft nude mice model was established to investigate the effects of ATG4C on glioma growth in vivo. RESULTS The median overall survival (OS) time of patients with higher ATG4C expression was significantly reduced (HR: 1.48, p = 9.91 × 10- 7). ATG4C mRNA expression was evidently increased with the rising of glioma grade (p = 2.97 × 10- 8). Knockdown ATG4C suppressed glioma cells proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. ATG4C depletion suppressed autophagy and triggered apoptosis through ROS accumulation. Depletion of ATG4C suppressed TMZ-activated autophagy and promoted sensitivity of glioma cells to TMZ. Additionally, ATG4C knockdown suppressed the growth of glioma remarkably in nude mice. CONCLUSION ATG4C is a potential prognostic predictor for glioma patient. Targeting ATG4C may provide promising therapy strategies for gliomas treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Wen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Zeng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - He Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Ya Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan province, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Che J, Wang W, Huang Y, Zhang L, Zhao J, Zhang P, Yuan X. miR-20a inhibits hypoxia-induced autophagy by targeting ATG5/FIP200 in colorectal cancer. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1234-1247. [PMID: 30883936 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosome-mediated protective cellular process in which cytosolic components, including damaged organelles and long-lived proteins, are cleared. Many studies have shown that autophagy was upregulated in hypoxic regions. However, the precise molecular mechanism of hypoxia-induced autophagy in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still elusive. In this study, we found that miR-20a was significantly downregulated under hypoxia in colon cancer cells, and overexpression of miR-20a alleviated hypoxia-induced autophagy. Moreover, miR-20a inhibits the hypoxia-induced autophagic flux by targeting multiple key regulators of autophagy, including ATG5 and FIP200. Furthermore, by dual-luciferase assay we demonstrated that miR-20a directly targeted the 3'-untranslated region of ATG5 and FIP200, regulating their messenger RNA and protein levels. In addition, reintroduction of exogenous ATG5 or FIP200 partially reversed miR-20a-mediated autophagy inhibition under hypoxia. A negative correlation between miR-20a and its target genes is observed in the hypoxic region of colon cancer tissues. Taken together, our findings suggest that hypoxia-mediated autophagy was regulated by miR-20a/ATG5/FI200 signaling pathway in CRC. miR-20a-mediated autophagy defect that might play an important role in hypoxia-induced autophagy during colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Che
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenshan Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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MiR-129-3p favors intracellular BCG survival in RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting autophagy via Atg4b. Cell Immunol 2019; 337:22-32. [PMID: 30782398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in the fight against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Massive researches proved that miRNAs could be the regulators of autophagy, which implied miRNAs could favor MTB invasion or latent infection. In our study, multiple bioinformatics databases and software were used to seek and lock the miRNAs associating with regulation of autophagy. Notably, a novel miR-129-3p was found and its target gene Atg4b showed grand potential in mediation of autophagy. Moreover, BCG infection triggered miR-129-3p overexpression in RAW264.7 cells. Up-regulation of miR-129-3p decreased mRNA or protein level of Atg4b and resulted in the inhibition of autophagy. The antagomir of miR-129-3p had the opposite impact. The LC3 puncta formation in RAW264.7 cells were also affected after transfection of miR-129-3p mimic or antagomir. The mRFP-GFP-LC3 analysis indicated that mimic of miR-129-3p impaired autophagic flux while antagomir improved autophagy. The CFU assay results showed that miR-129-3p promoted the intracellular survival of BCG in macrophages. Consequently, these data suggested that miR-129-3p could favor MTB survival by inhibiting autophagy via Atg4b.
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18
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Ozturk DG, Kocak M, Akcay A, Kinoglu K, Kara E, Buyuk Y, Kazan H, Gozuacik D. MITF-MIR211 axis is a novel autophagy amplifier system during cellular stress. Autophagy 2018; 15:375-390. [PMID: 30290719 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1531197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved recycling and stress response mechanism. Active at basal levels in eukaryotes, autophagy is upregulated under stress providing cells with building blocks such as amino acids. A lysosome-integrated sensor system composed of RRAG GTPases and MTOR complex 1 (MTORC1) regulates lysosome biogenesis and autophagy in response to amino acid availability. Stress-mediated inhibition of MTORC1 results in the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the TFE/MITF family of transcriptional factors, and triggers an autophagy- and lysosomal-related gene transcription program. The role of family members TFEB and TFE3 have been studied in detail, but the importance of MITF proteins in autophagy regulation is not clear so far. Here we introduce for the first time a specific role for MITF in autophagy control that involves upregulation of MIR211. We show that, under stress conditions including starvation and MTOR inhibition, a MITF-MIR211 axis constitutes a novel feed-forward loop that controls autophagic activity in cells. Direct targeting of the MTORC2 component RICTOR by MIR211 led to the inhibition of the MTORC1 pathway, further stimulating MITF translocation to the nucleus and completing an autophagy amplification loop. In line with a ubiquitous function, MITF and MIR211 were co-expressed in all tested cell lines and human tissues, and the effects on autophagy were observed in a cell-type independent manner. Thus, our study provides direct evidence that MITF has rate-limiting and specific functions in autophagy regulation. Collectively, the MITF-MIR211 axis constitutes a novel and universal autophagy amplification system that sustains autophagic activity under stress conditions. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AKT1S1/PRAS40: AKT1 substrate 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; BECN1: beclin 1; DEPTOR: DEP domain containing MTOR interacting protein; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAPKAP1/SIN1: mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1; MITF: melanogenesis associated transcription factor; MLST8: MTOR associated protein, LST8 homolog; MRE: miRNA response element; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; MTORC2: MTOR complex 2; PRR5/Protor 1: proline rich 5; PRR5L/Protor 2: proline rich 5 like; RACK1: receptor for activated C kinase 1; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; RICTOR: RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2; RPS6KB/p70S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase; RT-qPCR: quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TSC1/2: TSC complex subunit 1/2; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated; VIM: vimentin; VPS11: VPS11, CORVET/HOPS core subunit; VPS18: VPS18, CORVET/HOPS core subunit; WIPI1: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Gulfem Ozturk
- a Sabanci University , Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program , Orhanli-Tuzla , Turkey
| | - Muhammed Kocak
- a Sabanci University , Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program , Orhanli-Tuzla , Turkey
| | - Arzu Akcay
- b Council of Forensic Medicine , Ministry of Justice , Bahcelievler , Turkey
| | - Kubilay Kinoglu
- b Council of Forensic Medicine , Ministry of Justice , Bahcelievler , Turkey
| | - Erdogan Kara
- b Council of Forensic Medicine , Ministry of Justice , Bahcelievler , Turkey
| | - Yalcin Buyuk
- b Council of Forensic Medicine , Ministry of Justice , Bahcelievler , Turkey
| | - Hilal Kazan
- c Antalya Bilim University, Faculty of Engineering , Department of Computer Engineering , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- a Sabanci University , Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program , Orhanli-Tuzla , Turkey.,d Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN) , Orhanli-Tuzla , Turkey.,e Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM) , Sabanci University , Orhanli-Tuzla , Turkey
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19
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Sohn EJ. MicroRNA 200c-3p regulates autophagy via upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in PC-3 cells. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:2. [PMID: 29308051 PMCID: PMC5751423 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy is a response to cellular and environmental conditions and facilitates cell survival. Here, we investigated the role of ectopic expression of microRNA (miRNA) 200c-3p in autophagy. Methods miRNA mimics were used to overexpress miRNAs. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to analyze miRNA expression. RT-qPCR and western blotting were performed to determine the expression levels of inositol requiring protein-1 (IRE1α), activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and light chain-3 (LC3). Results Western blotting and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that ectopic expression of miR-200c-3p increased the expression of IRE1α, ATF6, and CHOP in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, the level of miR-200c-3p was enhanced by treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer thapsigargin. In addition, ectopic expression of miR-200c-3p led to an increase in LC3-II expression, and formed puncta of green fluorescent protein-fused LC3-II in PC-3 cells. Interestingly, starvation stress induced by Hank’s balanced salt solution buffer increased the level of miR-200c-3p and conversely miR-200c-3p inhibitor blocked the increased expression of LC3-II induced by starvation in PC-3 cells. In addition, silencing of IRE1α by transfection of short interfering RNA attenuated the expression of LC3-II induced by upregulation of miR-200c-3p in PC-3 cells. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest that miR-200c-3p regulates autophagy via upregulation of ER stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Sohn
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Dongdaesin-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan, 602-714 South Korea
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20
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Yar Y, Khodadust R, Akkoc Y, Utkur M, Saritas EU, Gozuacik D, Yagci Acar H. Development of tailored SPION-PNIPAM nanoparticles by ATRP for dually responsive doxorubicin delivery and MR imaging. J Mater Chem B 2017; 6:289-300. [PMID: 32254171 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00646b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible, colloidally stable and ultra-small Fe3O4 nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were synthesized via surface-initiated ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerization) to prevent excessive aggregation of magnetic cores and interparticle crosslinking, and to provide control over polymer content. These SPION-PNIPAM nanoparticles (NPs) have a hydrodynamic size between 8 and 60 nm depending on the PNIPAM content, and hence are ultrasmall in size and have an LCST around 38 °C. They had a high drug-loading capacity reaching 9.6 wt% doxorubicin in the final composition. The Dox release studies revealed pH and temperature-dependent release, which was not reported for PNIPAM before. Release of Dox under physiological conditions was below 20%, but around 90% at 42 °C and pH 5. This dually responsive nature is very advantageous to increase the drug efficacy and reduce side-effects, simultaneously. The cytocompatability of the SPION-PNIPAM NPs and the influence of Dox delivery to cells were investigated via in vitro cell viability, apoptosis, DNA-damage and confocal microscopy studies. The NPs were shown to be highly cytocompatible and induce significant cell death due to Dox when loaded with the drug. Besides, it was seen that the polymeric content can be used as an additional factor in tuning the release kinetics. Lastly, these nanoparticles reduced the signal intensity significantly in the T2 mode, acting as a potential SPION-based contrast agent. Overall, here, we demonstrate the design of small, smart theranostic nanoparticles with high drug-loading capacity and pH-dependent temperature-sensitive release characteristics with the ability to generate contrast in MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Yar
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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MicroRNA as a Therapeutic Target in Cardiac Remodeling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1278436. [PMID: 29094041 PMCID: PMC5637866 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1278436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that contain 18–25 nucleotides. The alterations in their expression level play crucial role in the development of many disorders including heart diseases. Myocardial remodeling is the final pathological consequence of a variety of myocardial diseases. miRNAs have central role in regulating pathogenesis of myocardial remodeling by modulating cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocytes injury, cardiac fibrosis, angiogenesis, and inflammatory response through multiple mechanisms. The balancing and tight regulation of different miRNAs is a key to drive the cellular events towards functional recovery and any fall in this leads to detrimental effect on cardiac function following various insults. In this review, we discuss the impact of alterations of miRNAs expression on cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocytes injury, cardiac fibrosis, angiogenesis, and inflammatory response. We have also described the targets (receptors, signaling molecules, transcription factors, etc.) of miRNAs on which they act to promote or attenuate cardiac remodeling processes in different type cells of cardiac tissues.
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22
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Chen P, He YH, Huang X, Tao SQ, Wang XN, Yan H, Ding KS, Lobie PE, Wu WY, Wu ZS. MiR-23a modulates X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-mediated autophagy in human luminal breast cancer cell lines. Oncotarget 2017; 8:80709-80721. [PMID: 29113338 PMCID: PMC5655233 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved multi-step lysosomal process that is induced by diverse stimuli including cellular nutrient deficiency. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) promotes cell survival and recently has been demonstrated to suppress autophagy. Herein, we examined regulation of XIAP-mediated autophagy in breast cancer cells and determined the underlying molecular mechanism. To investigate this process, autophagy of breast cancer cells was induced by Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS). We observed discordant expression of XIAP mRNA and protein in the autophagic process induced by EBSS, suggesting XIAP may be regulated at a post-transcriptional level. By scanning several miRNAs potentially targeting XIAP, we observed that forced expression of miR-23a significantly decreased the expression of XIAP and promoted autophagy, wherever down-regulation of miR-23a increased XIAPexpression and suppressed autophagy in breast cancer cells. XIAP was confirmed as a direct target of miR-23a by reporter assay utilizing the 3'UTR of XIAP. In vitro, forced expression of miR-23a promoted autophagy, colony formation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cell by down-regulation of XIAP expression. However, miR-23a inhibited apoptosis of breast cancer cells independent of XIAP. Xenograft models confirmed the effect of miR-23a on expression of XIAP and LC3 and that miR-23a promoted breast cancer cell invasiveness. Therefore, our study demonstrates that miR-23a modulates XIAP-mediated autophagy and promotes survival and migration in breast cancer cells and hence provides important new insights into the understanding of the development and progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Li Shui People's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yin-Huan He
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Si-Qi Tao
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ke-Shuo Ding
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University Graduate School at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Yong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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23
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Erbil-Bilir S, Kocaturk NM, Yayli M, Gozuacik D. Study of Protein-protein Interactions in Autophagy Research. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28930972 DOI: 10.3791/55881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are important for understanding cellular signaling cascades and identifying novel pathway components and protein dynamics. The majority of cellular activities require physical interactions between proteins. To analyze and map these interactions, various experimental techniques as well as bioinformatics tools were developed. Autophagy is a cellular recycling mechanism that allows the cells to cope with different stressors, including nutrient deprivation, chemicals, and hypoxia. In order to better understand autophagy-related signaling events and to discover novel factors that regulate protein complexes in autophagy, we performed protein-protein interaction screens. Validation of these screening results requires the use of immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation techniques. In this system, specific autophagy-related protein-protein interactions that we discovered were tested in Neuro2A (N2A) and HEK293T cell lines. Details of the technical procedures used are explained in this visualized experiment paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Secil Erbil-Bilir
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University
| | - Nur M Kocaturk
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University
| | | | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University; EFSUN, Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics, Sabanci University;
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24
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A microfluidic chip for screening individual cancer cells via eavesdropping on autophagy-inducing crosstalk in the stroma niche. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2050. [PMID: 28515430 PMCID: PMC5435728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular homeostatic mechanism where proteins and organelles are digested and recycled to provide an alternative source of building blocks and energy to cells. The role of autophagy in cancer microenvironment is still poorly understood. Here, we present a microfluidic system allowing monitoring of the crosstalk between single cells. We used this system to study how tumor cells induced autophagy in the stromal niche. Firstly, we could confirm that transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) secreted from breast tumor cells is a paracrine mediator of tumor-stroma interaction leading to the activation of autophagy in the stroma component fibroblasts. Through proof of concept experiments using TGFβ1 as a model factor, we could demonstrate real time monitoring of autophagy induction in fibroblasts by single tumor cells. Retrieval of individual tumor cells from the microfluidic system and their subsequent genomic analysis was possible, allowing us to determine the nature of the factor mediating tumor-stroma interactions. Therefore, our microfluidic platform might be used as a promising tool for quantitative investigation of tumor–stroma interactions, especially for and high-throughput screening of paracrine factors that are secreted from heterogeneous tumor cell populations.
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25
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Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a catabolic process that is widely found in nature. Over the past few decades, mounting evidence has indicated that noncoding RNAs, ranging from small noncoding RNAs to long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and even circular RNAs (circRNAs), mediate the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of autophagy-related genes by participating in autophagy regulatory networks. The differential expression of noncoding RNAs affects autophagy levels at different physiological and pathological stages, including embryonic proliferation and differentiation, cellular senescence, and even diseases such as cancer. We summarize the current knowledge regarding noncoding RNA dysregulation in autophagy and investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying noncoding RNA involvement in autophagy regulatory networks. Then, we integrate public resources to predict autophagy-related noncoding RNAs across species and discuss strategies for and the challenges of identifying autophagy-related noncoding RNAs. This article will deepen our understanding of the relationship between noncoding RNAs and autophagy, and provide new insights to specifically target noncoding RNAs in autophagy-associated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China,CONTACT Da Pang ; Shouping Xu Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, China 150040
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China,CONTACT Da Pang ; Shouping Xu Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, China 150040
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26
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Gozuacik D, Akkoc Y, Ozturk DG, Kocak M. Autophagy-Regulating microRNAs and Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:65. [PMID: 28459042 PMCID: PMC5394422 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy herein) is a cellular stress response and a survival pathway that is responsible for the degradation of long-lived proteins, protein aggregates, as well as damaged organelles in order to maintain cellular homeostasis. Consequently, abnormalities of autophagy are associated with a number of diseases, including Alzheimers’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and cancer. According to the current view, autophagy seems to serve as a tumor suppressor in the early phases of cancer formation, yet in later phases, autophagy may support and/or facilitate tumor growth, spread, and contribute to treatment resistance. Therefore, autophagy is considered as a stage-dependent dual player in cancer. microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. miRNAs control several fundamental biological processes, and autophagy is no exception. Furthermore, accumulating data in the literature indicate that dysregulation of miRNA expression contribute to the mechanisms of cancer formation, invasion, metastasis, and affect responses to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Therefore, considering the importance of autophagy for cancer biology, study of autophagy-regulating miRNA in cancer will allow a better understanding of malignancies and lead to the development of novel disease markers and therapeutic strategies. The potential to provide study of some of these cancer-related miRNAs were also implicated in autophagy regulation. In this review, we will focus on autophagy, miRNA, and cancer connection, and discuss its implications for cancer biology and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Gozuacik
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yunus Akkoc
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Gulfem Ozturk
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Kocak
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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27
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Abstract
Autophagy is a self-digestive process regulated by an intricate network of factors able either to ensure the prosurvival function of autophagy or to convert it in a death pathway. Recently, the involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of autophagy networks has been reported. This review will summarize the main features of these small noncoding endogenous RNAs, focusing on their relevance in cancer and finally addressing their impact on autophagy.
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28
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Erbil S, Oral O, Mitou G, Kig C, Durmaz-Timucin E, Guven-Maiorov E, Gulacti F, Gokce G, Dengjel J, Sezerman OU, Gozuacik D. RACK1 Is an Interaction Partner of ATG5 and a Novel Regulator of Autophagy. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16753-65. [PMID: 27325703 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.708081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is biological mechanism allowing recycling of long-lived proteins, abnormal protein aggregates, and damaged organelles under cellular stress conditions. Following sequestration in double- or multimembrane autophagic vesicles, the cargo is delivered to lysosomes for degradation. ATG5 is a key component of an E3-like ATG12-ATG5-ATG16 protein complex that catalyzes conjugation of the MAP1LC3 protein to lipids, thus controlling autophagic vesicle formation and expansion. Accumulating data indicate that ATG5 is a convergence point for autophagy regulation. Here, we describe the scaffold protein RACK1 (receptor activated C-kinase 1, GNB2L1) as a novel ATG5 interactor and an autophagy protein. Using several independent techniques, we showed that RACK1 interacted with ATG5. Importantly, classical autophagy inducers (starvation or mammalian target of rapamycin blockage) stimulated RACK1-ATG5 interaction. Knockdown of RACK1 or prevention of its binding to ATG5 using mutagenesis blocked autophagy activation. Therefore, the scaffold protein RACK1 is a new ATG5-interacting protein and an important and novel component of the autophagy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Secil Erbil
- From the Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Oral
- From the Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Geraldine Mitou
- From the Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cenk Kig
- From the Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Durmaz-Timucin
- From the Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Guven-Maiorov
- the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferah Gulacti
- From the Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokcen Gokce
- From the Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- the Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, and
| | - Osman Ugur Sezerman
- the Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Atasehir, 34752 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- From the Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey,
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29
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Lapierre LR, Kumsta C, Sandri M, Ballabio A, Hansen M. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of autophagy in aging. Autophagy 2016; 11:867-80. [PMID: 25836756 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1034410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a major intracellular degradation process recognized as playing a central role in cell survival and longevity. This multistep process is extensively regulated at several levels, including post-translationally through the action of conserved longevity factors such as the nutrient sensor TOR. More recently, transcriptional regulation of autophagy genes has emerged as an important mechanism for ensuring the somatic maintenance and homeostasis necessary for a long life span. Autophagy is increased in many long-lived model organisms and contributes significantly to their longevity. In turn, conserved transcription factors, particularly the helix-loop-helix transcription factor TFEB and the forkhead transcription factor FOXO, control the expression of many autophagy-related genes and are important for life-span extension. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the contribution of these transcription factors to macroautophagy regulation in the context of aging. We also review current research on epigenetic changes, such as histone modification by the deacetylase SIRT1, that influence autophagy-related gene expression and additionally affect aging. Understanding the molecular regulation of macroautophagy in relation to aging may offer new avenues for the treatment of age-related diseases.
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Key Words
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- Atg, autophagy related
- BNIP3, BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3
- CaN, calcineurin; HDAC, histone deacetylase
- FOXO
- HAT, histone acetyltransferase
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- MITF, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
- PDPK1/2, 3-phosphoinositide dependent kinase 1/2
- PtdIns3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PtdIns3P, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate
- SIRT1
- TFEB
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TOR, target of rapamycin
- TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex
- UVRAG, UV radiation resistance associated.
- acetyl-CoA, acetyl coenzyme A
- autophagy
- epigenetics
- longevity
- miRNA
- transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis R Lapierre
- a Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute ; La Jolla , CA USA
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30
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Unraveling the roles of Atg4 proteases from autophagy modulation to targeted cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2016; 373:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Li S, Qiang Q, Shan H, Shi M, Gan G, Ma F, Chen B. MiR-20a and miR-20b negatively regulate autophagy by targeting RB1CC1/FIP200 in breast cancer cells. Life Sci 2016; 147:143-52. [PMID: 26829385 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS RB1CC1/FIP200 was essential for autophagosome formation. Therefore, RB1CC1/FIP200 cellular levels are critical for the activation of the autophagy pathways. Following the screen of miRNAs affecting RB1CC1/FIP200 level and rapamycin-induced autophagy, we discovered miR-20a and miR-20b could regulate autophagy by targeting RB1CC1/FIP200. MAIN METHODS Inhibitory effect of miR-20a and 20b on basal and rapamycin-stimulated autophagy was demonstrated using various autophagic tests including GFP-LC3 puncta analysis, LC3II/LC3I gel shift and TEM observation. KEY FINDINGS We discovered RB1CC1/FIP200 as cellular targets of miR-20a and miR-20b. Upon miR-20a and miR-20b overexpression, both mRNA and protein levels of RB1CC1/FIP200 decreased. miR-20a and miR-20b target sequences present in the 3' UTR of RB1CC1/FIP200 mRNAs and introduction of mutations abolished the miR-20a and miR-20b responsiveness. In MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, miR-20a and miR-20b over-expression attenuated basal and rapamycin-induced autophagy; while suppression of miR-20a or miR-20b by specific antagomir showed normal rapamycin-induced autophagic activity. SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the significance of miR-20a and miR-20b regulating autophagy by targeting RB1CC1/FIP200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qian Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haitao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Minke Shi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangming Gan
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Baojun Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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32
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Zhu H, He L. Beclin 1 biology and its role in heart disease. Curr Cardiol Rev 2015; 11:229-37. [PMID: 25373623 PMCID: PMC4558354 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x10666141106104606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter termed autophagy) is a highly evolutionarily conserved pathway that degrades intracellular components such as damaged organelles in lysosome. Autophagy occurs at low basal levels in virtually all types of cells, which is required for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Beclin 1 protein, encoded by the beclin 1 gene, plays a central role in the regulation of autophagy. Beclin 1 primarily functions as a scaffolding protein assembling Beclin 1 interactome to regulate Class III PI3K/VPS34 activity, which in turn, tightly controls autophagy at multiple stages. In addition to autophagy, Beclin 1 participates in the regulation of other biological processes such as endocytosis, apoptosis and phagocytosis. Fine-tuning of Beclin 1 protein levels, intracellular localization and the assembly of its interactome is pivotal for the proper execution of these biological functions. Deregulation of Beclin 1 contributes to the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. In this review, we summarize biology of Beclin 1 and its role in human pathology, with an emphasis on heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Zhu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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33
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Liu XY, He YJ, Yang QH, Huang W, Liu ZH, Ye GR, Tang SH, Shu JC. Induction of autophagy and apoptosis by miR-148a through the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in hepatic stellate cells. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:2569-2589. [PMID: 26609469 PMCID: PMC4633891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved biological process that is activated in response to stress. Increasing evidence indicate that dysregulated miRNAs significantly contribute to autophagy and are thus implicated in various pathological conditions, including hepatic fibrosis. MiR-148a, a member of the miR-148/152 family, has been found to be downregulated in hepatic fibrosis and human hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of miR-148a in the development of hepatic fibrosis remains largely unknown. In this study, we describe the epigenetic regulation of miR-148a and its impact on autophagy in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), exploring new targets of miR-148a. We found that miR-148a expression was significantly increased under starvation-induced conditions in LX-2 and T-6 cells. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-148a suppressed target gene expression by directly interacting with the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of growth arrest-specific gene 1 (Gas1) transcripts. Intriguingly, Gas1, which encodes a Hedgehog surface binding receptor and facilitates the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, inhibited autophagosome synthesis. Furthermore, we demonstrated a novel function for miR-148a as a potent inducer of autophagy in HSCs. Overexpressing of miR-148a increased autophagic activity, which inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in HSCs. In conclusion, these data support a novel role for miR-148a as a key regulator of autophagy through the Hh signaling pathway, making miR-148a a potential candidate for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-You Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Red Cross HospitalGuangzhou 510220, China
| | - Ya-Jun He
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Red Cross HospitalGuangzhou 510220, China
| | - Qi-Hong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Red Cross HospitalGuangzhou 510220, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhi-He Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Red Cross HospitalGuangzhou 510220, China
| | - Guo-Rong Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Red Cross HospitalGuangzhou 510220, China
| | - Shao-Hui Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jian-Chang Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Red Cross HospitalGuangzhou 510220, China
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34
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Zeng Y, Huo G, Mo Y, Wang W, Chen H. MIR137 Regulates Starvation-Induced Autophagy by Targeting ATG7. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:815-821. [PMID: 25687327 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular catabolic mechanism in response to stress conditions and has been implicated in the progression and chemoresistance of various cancers. Human microR-137 (MIR137) is involved in neuronal maturation and neurogenesis, while little is known about its role in cancer. In this study, we showed that starvation increased the formation of autophagic marker microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) without significant change of MIR137 level in U87 cells. In addition, overexpression of MIR137 decreased LC3 expression and inhibited the degradation of the autophagy receptor sequestosome 1(SQSTM1/p62), while the MIR137 antagomirs showed the opposite effect on these autophagic markers. Moreover, MIR137 overexpression decreased, while its antagomirs increased the expression of autophagy-related 7(ATG7) mRNA and protein. MIR137-mediated inhibition of autophagy was prevented by ATG7. Finally, MIR137 promoted the sensitivity of U87 cells to adriamycin, an anticancer drug. Taken together, our study demonstrated that MIR137 attenuated starvation-induced autophagy by regulating the expression of ATG7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuecheng Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yongbiao Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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35
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Kumar S, Gupta P, Khanal S, Shahi A, Kumar P, Sarin SK, Venugopal SK. Overexpression of microRNA-30a inhibits hepatitis B virus X protein-induced autophagosome formation in hepatic cells. FEBS J 2015; 282:1152-63. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satendra Kumar
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; South Asian University; New Delhi India
| | - Parul Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; South Asian University; New Delhi India
| | - Sweta Khanal
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; South Asian University; New Delhi India
| | - Aashirwad Shahi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; South Asian University; New Delhi India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; South Asian University; New Delhi India
| | - Shiv K. Sarin
- Department of Hepatology; Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Senthil K. Venugopal
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; South Asian University; New Delhi India
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36
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Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-digestion process for the quality control of intracellular entities in eukaryotes. In the past few years, mounting evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs)-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression represents an integral part of the autophagy regulatory network and may have a substantial effect on autophagy-related physiological and pathological conditions including cancer. Herein, we examine some of the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs manipulate the autophagic machinery to maintain cellular homeostasis and their biological outputs during cancer development. A better understanding of interaction between miRNAs and cellular autophagy may ultimately benefit future cancer diagnostic and anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Yang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chengyu Liang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Cheng SM, Chang YC, Liu CY, Lee JYC, Chan HH, Kuo CW, Lin KY, Tsai SL, Chen SH, Li CF, Leung E, Kanwar JR, Huang CC, Chang JY, Cheung CHA. YM155 down-regulates survivin and XIAP, modulates autophagy and induces autophagy-dependent DNA damage in breast cancer cells. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:214-34. [PMID: 25220225 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the potency and molecular mechanism of action of YM155, a first-in-class survivin inhibitor that is currently under phase I/II clinical investigations, in various drug-resistant breast cancers including the oestrogen receptor positive (ER(+) ) tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer and the caspase-3-deficient breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The potency of YM155 in SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231, MCF7 and its tamoxifen-resistant sublines, TamR6, TamR7, TamR8, TamC3 and TamC6, were determined by MTT assay. Western blot analysis, flow cytometric analysis, reverse transcription-PCR, fluorescent microscopy and comet assay were used to determine the molecular mechanism of action of YM155 in different breast cancer cell lines. KEY RESULTS YM155 was equally potent towards the parental ER(+) /caspase-3-deficient MCF7 breast cancer cells and its tamoxifen-resistant sublines in vitro. The ER(-) /HER2(+) SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells and the triple-negative/caspase-3-expressing metastatic aggressive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were also sensitive to YM155 with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. Targeting survivin by YM155 modulated autophagy, induced autophagy-dependent caspase-7 activation and autophagy-dependent DNA damage in breast cancer cells. Interestingly, YM155 also induced XIAP degradation and the degradation of XIAP might play an important role in YM155-induced autophagy in breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS YM155 is a potent survivin inhibitor that has potential for the management of various breast cancer subtypes regardless of the expression of ER, HER2 and caspase-3. Importantly, this study provides new insights into YM155's molecular mechanism of action and therapeutic potential in the treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Cheng
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Jing Z, Han W, Sui X, Xie J, Pan H. Interaction of autophagy with microRNAs and their potential therapeutic implications in human cancers. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:332-8. [PMID: 25304373 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a tightly regulated intracellular self-digestive process involving the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic organelles and proteins. A number of studies have shown that autophagy is dysregulated in cancer initiation and progression, or cancer cells under various stress conditions. As a catabolic pathway conserved among eukaryotes, autophagy is regulated by the autophagy related genes and pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding endogenous RNAs that may regulate almost every cellular process including autophagy. And autophagy is also involved in the regulation of miRNAs expression and homeostasis. Here we reviewed some literatures on the interaction of miRNAs with autophagy and the application of miRNAs-mediated autophagic networks as a promising target in pre-clinical cancer models. Furthermore, strategies of miRNAs delivery for miRNAs-based anti-cancer therapy will also be summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jing
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansheng Xie
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Viry E, Paggetti J, Baginska J, Mgrditchian T, Berchem G, Moussay E, Janji B. Autophagy: an adaptive metabolic response to stress shaping the antitumor immunity. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:31-42. [PMID: 25044308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Several environmental-associated stress conditions, including hypoxia, starvation, oxidative stress, fast growth and cell death suppression, modulate both cellular metabolism and autophagy to enable cancer cells to rapidly adapt to environmental stressors, maintain proliferation and evade therapies. It is now widely accepted that autophagy is essential to support cancer cell growth and metabolism and that metabolic reprogramming in cancer can also favor autophagy induction. Therefore, this complex interplay between autophagy and tumor cell metabolism will provide unique opportunities to identify new therapeutic targets. As the regulation of the autophagic activity is related to metabolism, it is important to elucidate the exact molecular mechanism which drives it and the functional consequence of its activation in the context of cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize the role of autophagy in shaping the cellular response to an abnormal tumor microenvironment and discuss some recent results on the molecular mechanism by which autophagy plays such a role in the context of the anti-tumor immune response. We will also describe how autophagy activation can behave as a double-edged sword, by activating the immune response in some circumstances, and impairing the anti-tumor immunity in others. These findings imply that defining the precise context-specific role for autophagy in cancer is critical to guide autophagy-based therapeutics which are becoming key strategies to overcome tumor resistance to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Viry
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Public Research Center for Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Jerome Paggetti
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Public Research Center for Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Joanna Baginska
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Public Research Center for Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Takouhie Mgrditchian
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Public Research Center for Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Guy Berchem
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Public Research Center for Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Etienne Moussay
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Public Research Center for Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Bassam Janji
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Public Research Center for Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
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Lukasik A, Zielenkiewicz P. In silico identification of plant miRNAs in mammalian breast milk exosomes--a small step forward? PLoS One 2014; 9:e99963. [PMID: 24933019 PMCID: PMC4059707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by inhibiting the protein translation or targeting the mRNA cleavage. They play many important roles in living organism cells; however, the knowledge on miRNAs functions has become more extensive upon their identification in biological fluids and recent reports on plant-origin miRNAs abundance in human plasma and serum. Considering these findings, we performed a rigorous bioinformatics analysis of publicly available, raw data from high-throughput sequencing studies on miRNAs composition in human and porcine breast milk exosomes to identify the fraction of food-derived miRNAs. Several processing and filtering steps were applied to increase the accuracy, and to avoid false positives. Through aforementioned analysis, 35 and 17 miRNA species, belonging to 25 and 11 MIR families, were identified, respectively. In the human samples the highest abundance levels yielded the ath-miR166a, pab-miR951, ptc-miR472a and bdi-miR168, while in the porcine breast milk exosomes, the zma-miR168a, zma-miR156a and ath-miR166a have been identified in the largest amounts. The consensus prediction and annotation of potential human targets for select plant miRNAs suggest that the aforementioned molecules may interact with mRNAs coding several transcription factors, protein receptors, transporters and immune-related proteins, thus potentially influencing human organism. Taken together, the presented analysis shows proof of abundant plant miRNAs in mammal breast milk exosomes, pointing at the same time to the new possibilities arising from this discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lukasik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Zielenkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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