1
|
Moffat A, Gwyer Findlay E. Evidence for antigen presentation by human neutrophils. Blood 2024; 143:2455-2463. [PMID: 38498044 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023023444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Neutrophils are the first migrating responders to sterile and infectious inflammation and act in a powerful but nonspecific fashion to kill a wide variety of pathogens. It is now apparent that they can also act in a highly discriminating fashion; this is particularly evident in their interactions with other cells of the immune system. It is clear that neutrophils are present during the adaptive immune response, interacting with T cells in complex ways that differ between tissue types and disease state. One of the ways in which this interaction is mediated is by neutrophil expression of HLA molecules and presentation of antigen to T cells. In mice, this is well established to occur with both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, the evidence is less strong with human cells. Here, we assembled available evidence for human neutrophil antigen presentation. We find that the human cells are clearly able to upregulate HLA-DR and costimulatory molecules; are able to process protein antigen into fragments recognized by T cells; are able to enter lymph node T cell zones; and, in vitro, are able to present antigen to memory T cells, inducing proliferation and cytokine production. However, many questions remain, particularly concerning whether the cell-cell interactions can last for sufficient time to trigger naïve T cells. These experiments are now critical as we unravel the complex interactions between these cells and their importance for the development of human immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angus Moffat
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Gwyer Findlay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ho VWT, Boon LH, Cui J, Juequn Z, Shunmuganathan B, Gupta R, Tan NYJ, Qian X, Purushotorman K, Fong S, Renia L, Ng LFP, Angeli V, Chen J, Kennedy BK, Ong CWM, Macary PA. Relative deficiency in interferon-γ-secreting CD4+ T cells is strongly associated with poorer COVID-19 vaccination responses in older adults. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14099. [PMID: 38317404 PMCID: PMC11019126 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the two-dose mRNA vaccination regime provides protection against SARS-CoV-2, older adults have been shown to exhibit poorer vaccination responses. In addition, the role of vaccine-induced T-cell responses is not well characterised. We aim to assess the impact of age on immune responses after two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, focussing on antigen-specific T-cells. A prospective 3-month study was conducted on 15 young (median age 31 years, interquartile range (IQR) 25-35 years) and 14 older adults (median age 72 years, IQR 70-73 years). We assessed functional, neutralising antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants using ACE-2 inhibition assays, and changes in B and T-cell subsets by high-dimensional flow cytometry. Antigen-specific T-cell responses were also quantified by intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. Older adults had attenuated T-helper (Th) response to vaccination, which was associated with weaker antibody responses and decreased SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation. Antigen-specific interferon-γ (IFNγ)-secreting CD4+ T-cells to wild-type and Omicron antigens increased in young adults, which was strongly positively correlated with their neutralising antibody responses. Conversely, this relationship was negative in older adults. Hence, older adults' relative IFNγ-secreting CD4+ T cell deficiency might explain their poorer COVID-19 vaccination responses. Further exploration into the aetiology is needed and would be integral in developing novel vaccination strategies and improving infection outcomes in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanda W. T. Ho
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of MedicineNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Low Heng Boon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jianzhou Cui
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS‐Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Zhou Juequn
- Metabolic Core, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Bhuvaneshwari Shunmuganathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS‐Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Rashi Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS‐Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Nikki Y. J. Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS‐Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Xinlei Qian
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kiren Purushotorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS‐Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Siew‐Wai Fong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Lisa F. P. Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Veronique Angeli
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Brian K. Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Catherine W. M. Ong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and TechnologyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore
| | - Paul A. Macary
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS‐Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shchukina I, Bohacova P, Artyomov MN. T cell control of inflammaging. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101818. [PMID: 37611324 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
T cells are a critical component of the immune system, found in abundance in blood, secondary lymphoid organs, and peripheral tissues. As individuals age, T cells are particularly susceptible to changes, making them one of the most affected immune subsets. These changes can have significant implications for age-related dysregulations, including the development of low-grade inflammation - a hallmark of aging known as inflammaging. In this review, we first present age-related changes in the functionality of the T cell compartment, including dysregulation of cytokine and chemokine production and cytotoxicity. Next, we discuss how these changes can contribute to the development and maintenance of inflammaging. Furthermore, we will summarize the mechanisms through which age-related changes in T cells may drive abnormal physiological outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Shchukina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pavla Bohacova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nichols JM, Kaplan BL. Age-Dependent Effects of Transgenic 2D2 Mice Used to Induce Passive Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 Mice. Neuroimmunomodulation 2023; 30:291-301. [PMID: 37827142 PMCID: PMC10634278 DOI: 10.1159/000534351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease that worsens with age. Here, we examined the influence of age on passive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (P-EAE), a model to study MS, using young and mature adult 2D2 transgenic donor mice to induce pathology in WT C57BL6/J mice. METHODS Lymphocytes from young adult (i.e., 10-week-old) or mature adult (i.e., 6-month-old) transgenic donor mice were characterized by flow cytometry prior to injection of cultured leukocytes into adult female WT recipient mice, with a special focus on transgenic T cell phenotypes. RESULTS Our findings show age-dependent changes in memory T cell phenotypes correlated with more severe clinical and histological disease when donor cells originated from young as compared to mature adult mice. CONCLUSION Not only do these results demonstrate that the age of the 2D2 transgenic donor mice is critical in establishing P-EAE, but the differential effects might also identify age-dependent factors that contribute to EAE and perhaps MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Nichols
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Barbara L.F. Kaplan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Colvin MM, Smith CA, Tullius SG, Goldstein DR. Aging and the immune response to organ transplantation. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2523-2529. [PMID: 28504651 DOI: 10.1172/jci90601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of older people receive organ transplants for various end-stage conditions. Although organ transplantation is an effective therapy for older patients (i.e., older than 65 years of age), such as in end-stage renal disease, this therapy has not been optimized for older patients because of our lack of understanding of the effect of aging and the immune response to organ transplantation. Here, we provide an overview of the impact of aging on both the allograft and the recipient and its effect on the immune response to organ transplantation. We describe what has been determined to date, discuss existing gaps in our knowledge, and make suggestions on necessary future studies to optimize organ transplantation for older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Colvin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Candice A Smith
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel R Goldstein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a cardinal feature in response to alloantigens and are able to generate effector/memory T cells independently from CD4+ T cells. To investigate the impact of aging on CD8 T cells, we used a fully mismatched mouse skin transplant model. Our findings showed a prolonged allograft survival in older recipients associated with a significant increase of CD4+ and CD8+ CD44high CD62Llow effector/memory T cells and a reduced systemic IFNγ production. When reconstituting young CBA Rag-1 mice that lack mature T and B cells with old CD8+ T cells expressing clonal anti-H2K T cell receptor (TCR) alloreactive for MHC I, graft survival was significantly prolonged and comparable to those receiving young CD8+ T cells. Moreover, our data showed that reduced systemic IFNγ levels observed in old recipients had been linked to a compromised expression of the IL-2R β subunit (CD122) by old CD8+ T cells. In addition, we observed an impaired IFNγ production on IL-2 receptor activation. At the same time, gene profiling analysis of old CD8 T cells demonstrated reduced chemokine ligand-3 and CD40L expression that resulted in compromised CD8+ T cell/dendritic cell communication, leading to impaired migratory and phagocytic activity of CD11c cells.Collectively, our study demonstrated that aging delays allograft rejection. CD8 T cells play a critical role in this process linked to a compromised production of IFNγ, in addition to a defective IL-2 receptor signaling machinery and a defective communication between CD8 T cells and dendritic cells.
Collapse
|