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Yao Y, Zhan R, Gong C, Lv J, Lu X. Clinicopathological and prognostic values of MET expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34656. [PMID: 37832054 PMCID: PMC10578750 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is regarded as one of the most lethiferous cancers worldwide because treatment of pancreatic cancer remains challenging and mostly palliative. Little progress had been made to select certain reliable biomarkers as clinical prognosis. In this context, GSE28735 and GSE16515 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). GEO2R tool was used to recognize differentially expressed genes (DEGs). 351 DEGs were screened which included 230 up-regulated genes and 121 down-regulated genes. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to analyze the DEGs and associated signal pathways in the DAVID database. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was then constructed to screen 10 hub genes by STRING database and Cityscape software. Analyses of 10 hub genes were performed on GEPIA database and GSCA database, which revealed that MET was high expressed and significantly associated with survival of PAAD patients. Immunohistochemical staining showed that MET was higher expressed in PAAD tissues than adjacent tissues in 20 samples. The clinicopathological analysis revealed that high expression of MET was associated with the degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, vascular cancer thrombus and nerve invasion in PAAD tissues (P < .05). Furthermore, the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database analyzed the correlation between the MET expression level and immune infiltration levels, which elucidated that MET expression was appreciably positively correlated with the infiltration levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Here, these results strongly indicate MET is an unique prognostic biomarker. Its expression level is correlated with certain clinicopathological features and immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Yao
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chanchan Gong
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Lv
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xialiang Lu
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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2
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Wang H, Tran TT, Duong KT, Nguyen T, Le UM. Options of Therapeutics and Novel Delivery Systems of Drugs for the Treatment of Melanoma. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4487-4505. [PMID: 36305753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most severe cancerous diseases. The cells employ multiple signaling pathways, such as ERK, HGF/c-MET, WNT, and COX-2 to cause the cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Treatment of melanoma, including surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapy, is based on 4 major or 11 substages of the disease. Fourteen drugs, including dacarbazine, interferon α-2b, interleukin-12, ipilimumab, peginterferon α-2b, vemurafenib, trametinib, talimogene laherparepvec, cobimetinib, pembrolizumab, dabrafenib, binimetinib, encorafenib, and nivolumab, have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of melanoma. All of them are in conventional dosage forms of injection solutions, suspensions, oral tablets, or capsules. Major drawbacks of the treatment are side effects of the drugs and patients' incompliance to them. These are consequences of high doses and long-term treatments for the diseases. Currently more than 350 NCI-registered clinical trials are being carried out to treat advanced and/or metastatic melanoma using novel treatment methods, such as immune cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and new therapeutic targets. In addition, novel delivery systems using biomaterials of the approved drugs have been developed attempting to increase the drug delivery, targeting, stability, bioavailability, thus potentially reducing the toxicity and increasing the treatment effectiveness. Nanoparticles and liposomes have been emerging as advanced delivery systems which can improve drug stability and systemic circulation time. In this review, the most recent findings in the options for treatment and development of novel drug delivery systems for the treatment of melanoma are comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, California 95757, United States.,Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Graduate Study, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, California 95757, United States
| | - Tuan T Tran
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, California 95757, United States
| | - Katherine T Duong
- CVS Pharmacy, 18872 Beach Boulevard, Huntington Beach, California 92648, United States
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, California 95757, United States
| | - Uyen M Le
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, California 95757, United States
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3
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Karg MM, John L, Refaian N, Buettner C, Rottmar T, Sommer J, Bock B, Resheq YJ, Ksander BR, Heindl LM, Mackensen A, Bosch JJ. Midkine promotes metastasis and therapeutic resistance via mTOR/RPS6 in uveal melanoma. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1320-1336. [PMID: 35503453 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is a rare form of melanoma that originates in the eye, exerts widespread therapeutic resistance and displays an inherent propensity for hepatic metastases. Since metastatic disease is characterized by poor survival, there is an unmet clinical need to identify new therapeutic targets in uveal melanoma. Here, we show that the pleiotropic cytokine midkine is expressed in uveal melanoma. Midkine expression in primary uveal melanoma significantly correlates with poor survival and is elevated in patients that develop metastatic disease. Monosomy 3 and histopathological staging parameters are associated with midkine expression. In addition, we demonstrate that midkine promotes survival, migration across a barrier of hepatic sinusoid endothelial cells and resistance to AKT/mTOR inhibition. Furthermore, midkine is secreted and mediates mTOR activation by maintaining phosphorylation of the mTOR target RPS6 in uveal melanoma cells. Therefore, midkine is identified as a uveal melanoma cell survival factor that drives metastasis and therapeutic resistance, and could be exploited as a biomarker as well as a new therapeutic target. Implications: Midkine is identified as a survival factor that drives liver metastasis and therapeutic resistance in melanoma of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas John
- University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nasrin Refaian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne and Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Buettner
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Mackensen
- Dept. of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/Oncology, Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Patel RP, Thomas JR, Curt KM, Fitzsimmons CM, Batista PJ, Bates SE, Gottesman MM, Robey RW. Dual Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases and the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Promotes Apoptosis in Cell Line Models of Uveal Melanoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:16. [PMID: 34533562 PMCID: PMC8458781 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.12.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Over 90% of uveal melanomas harbor pathogenic variants of the GNAQ or GNA11 genes that activate survival pathways. As previous studies found that Ras-mutated cell lines were vulnerable to a combination of survival pathway inhibitors and the histone-deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin, we investigated whether this combination would be effective in models of uveal melanoma. Methods A small-scale screen of inhibitors of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4; OTX-015), extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK; ulixertinib), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR; AZD-8055), or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K; GDC-0941) combined with a clinically relevant administration of romidepsin was performed on a panel of uveal melanoma cell lines (92.1, Mel202, MP38, and MP41) and apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry after 48 hours. RNA sequencing analysis was performed on Mel202 cells treated with romidepsin alone, AZD-8055 alone, or the combination, and protein changes were validated by immunoblot. Results AZD-8055 with romidepsin was the most effective combination in inducing apoptosis in the cell lines. Increased caspase-3 and PARP cleavage were noted in the cell lines when they were treated with romidepsin and mTOR inhibitors. RNA sequencing analysis of Mel202 cells revealed that apoptosis was the most affected pathway in the romidepsin/AZD-8055-treated cells. Increases in pro-apoptotic BCL2L11 and decreases in anti-apoptotic BIRC5 and BCL2L1 transcripts noted in the sequencing analysis were confirmed at the protein level in Mel202 cells. Conclusions Our data suggest that romidepsin in combination with mTOR inhibition could be an effective treatment strategy against uveal melanoma due in part to changes in apoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi P Patel
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Joanna R Thomas
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Katherine M Curt
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Christina M Fitzsimmons
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Pedro J Batista
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Susan E Bates
- Columbia University Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, New York, New York, United States
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Robert W Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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5
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D'Aguanno S, Mallone F, Marenco M, Del Bufalo D, Moramarco A. Hypoxia-dependent drivers of melanoma progression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:159. [PMID: 33964953 PMCID: PMC8106186 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a condition of low oxygen availability, is a hallmark of tumour microenvironment and promotes cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Many studies reported the essential role of hypoxia in regulating invasiveness, angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry and response to therapy in melanoma. Melanoma is an aggressive cancer originating from melanocytes located in the skin (cutaneous melanoma), in the uveal tract of the eye (uveal melanoma) or in mucosal membranes (mucosal melanoma). These three subtypes of melanoma represent distinct neoplasms in terms of biology, epidemiology, aetiology, molecular profile and clinical features.In this review, the latest progress in hypoxia-regulated pathways involved in the development and progression of all melanoma subtypes were discussed. We also summarized current knowledge on preclinical studies with drugs targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1, angiogenesis or vasculogenic mimicry. Finally, we described available evidence on clinical studies investigating the use of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 inhibitors or antiangiogenic drugs, alone or in combination with other strategies, in metastatic and adjuvant settings of cutaneous, uveal and mucosal melanoma.Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-independent pathways have been also reported to regulate melanoma progression, but this issue is beyond the scope of this review.As evident from the numerous studies discussed in this review, the increasing knowledge of hypoxia-regulated pathways in melanoma progression and the promising results obtained from novel antiangiogenic therapies, could offer new perspectives in clinical practice in order to improve survival outcomes of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona D'Aguanno
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Mallone
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marenco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Ohara M, Saito K, Kageyama K, Terai M, Cheng H, Aplin AE, Sato T. Dual Targeting of CDK4/6 and cMET in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051104. [PMID: 33806615 PMCID: PMC7961994 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Up to 50% of uveal melanoma patients subsequently develop metastases, for which no effective treatment has been identified. In this study, 87.5% of uveal melanoma patients’ samples were positive for phosphorylated retinoblastoma (RB), and ex vivo incubation of patients’ biopsy specimens with CDK4/6 inhibitor decreased the phosphorylation of RB. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is rich in the liver microenvironment, diminished the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitor. In human HGF knock-in NOD.Cg-Prkdc scid Il2rg tm1Wjl/SzJ mice, combination of CDK4/6 inhibitor and cMET inhibitor showed significant growth suppression in implanted metastatic uveal melanoma cells, compared to CDK4/6 inhibitor alone. Taken together, our preclinical study indicated that combining CDK4/6 inhibitor and cMET inhibitor would provide significant clinical benefit to patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common cancer of the eye in adults. Up to 50% of UM patients subsequently develop metastases, especially in the liver. It has been reported that the retinoblastoma (RB) pathway is deregulated in more than 90% of UM despite the rarity of mutations in the RB1 gene itself. CDK4/6 inhibition (CDK4/6i) is a rational strategy for treatment of UM. In this report, we investigated the antiproliferative activity of a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor on metastatic UM. A CDK4/6 inhibitor suppressed UM cell lines growth in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) decreased the effect of CDK4/6 inhibitor on metastatic UM cell lines. When CDK4/6i was combined with cMET inhibitor, enhanced growth suppression was observed in metastatic UM tumors grown in human-HGF knock-in xenograft mouse models. HGF is enriched in the liver and the majority of liver metastases from UM express activated forms of cMET; therefore, signaling through cMET could contribute to the resistance mechanisms against CDK4/6i, especially in UM patients with hepatic metastasis. Together, these results provide a rationale for the use of cMET inhibitor in combination with a CDK4/6 inhibitor for the treatment of metastatic UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ohara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 1024, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (K.S.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hiroshima General Hospital, 1-3-3 Jigozen, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 738-8503, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-955-1195; Fax: +1-215-923-0797
| | - Kengo Saito
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 1024, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (K.S.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ken Kageyama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 1024, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (K.S.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
- Department of Radiology, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Mizue Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 1024, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (K.S.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Hanyin Cheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (H.C.); (A.E.A.)
- Hematologics Inc., 3161 Elliott Ave., Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Andrew E. Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (H.C.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 1024, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (K.S.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
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7
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Ning N, Liu S, Liu X, Tian Z, Jiang Y, Yu N, Tan B, Feng H, Feng X, Zou L. Curcumol inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of melanoma via the miR-152-3p/PI3K/AKT and ERK/NF-κB signaling pathways. J Cancer 2020; 11:1679-1692. [PMID: 32194780 PMCID: PMC7052881 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive and treatment-resistant form of skin cancer. Curcumol is a Chinese medicinal herb traditionally used as a cancer remedy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of curcumol in melanoma remains largely unknown. In the present study, we observed that Curcumol decreased mouse melanoma B16 cell proliferation and migration. The xenograft tumor assay showed that curcumol reduced melanoma volume and lung metastasis. Curcumol upregulated the expression of E-cadherin and downregulated the expression of N-cadherin, MMP2 and MMP9 in mouse melanoma B16 cell. Western blot analysis revealed that curcumol reduced the translocation of p65 to the nucleus and decreased p-ERK. Furthermore, curcumol attenuated c-MET, P13K and p-AKT protein expression and upregulated miR-152-3p gene expression. The dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that c-MET was a target gene of miR-152-3p. Reduced expression of miR-152-3p partially attenuated the effect of curcumol on mouse melanoma B16 cell proliferation and migration. The decrease in c-MET, P13K and p-AKT protein expression following curcumol treatment in mouse melanoma B16 cells was notably attenuated by the miR-152-3p inhibitor. Taken together, our findings suggested that curcumol attenuated melanoma progression and concomitantly suppressed ERK/NF-κB signaling and promoted miR-152-3p expression to inactivate the c-MET/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ning
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sulai Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiehong Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zeyu Tian
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nanhui Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Boyu Tan
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Feng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lianhong Zou
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
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8
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Chattopadhyay C, Oba J, Roszik J, Marszalek JR, Chen K, Qi Y, Eterovic K, Robertson AG, Burks JK, McCannel TA, Grimm EA, Woodman SE. Elevated Endogenous SDHA Drives Pathological Metabolism in Highly Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:4187-4195. [PMID: 31596927 PMCID: PMC6785781 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-28082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Metastatic uveal melanoma (UM) has a very poor prognosis and no effective therapy. Despite remarkable advances in treatment of cutaneous melanoma, UM remains recalcitrant to chemotherapy, small-molecule kinase inhibitors, and immune-based therapy. Methods We assessed two sets of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) genes within 9858 tumors across 31 cancer types. An OxPhos inhibitor was used to characterize differential metabolic programming of highly metastatic monosomy 3 (M3) UM. Seahorse analysis and global metabolomics profiling were done to identify metabolic vulnerabilities. Analyses of UM TCGA data set were performed to determine expressions of key OxPhos effectors in M3 and non-M3 UM. We used targeted knockdown of succinate dehydrogenase A (SDHA) to determine the role of SDHA in M3 UM in conferring resistance to OxPhos inhibition. Results We identified UM to have among the highest median OxPhos levels and showed that M3 UM exhibits a distinct metabolic profile. M3 UM shows markedly low succinate levels and has highly increased levels of SDHA, the enzyme that couples the tricarboxylic acid cycle with OxPhos by oxidizing (lowering) succinate. We showed that SDHA-high M3 UM have elevated expression of key OxPhos molecules, exhibit abundant mitochondrial reserve respiratory capacity, and are resistant to OxPhos antagonism, which can be reversed by SDHA knockdown. Conclusions Our study has identified a critical metabolic program within poor prognostic M3 UM. In addition to the heightened mitochondrial functional capacity due to elevated SDHA, M3 UM SDHA-high mediate resistance to therapy that is reversible with targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junna Oba
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jason Roszik
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
- Genomic Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Joseph R Marszalek
- Institute of Applied Cancer Science & Center for Co-Clinical Trials, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Ken Chen
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yuan Qi
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Karina Eterovic
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - A Gordon Robertson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jared K Burks
- Leukemia, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Tara A McCannel
- Stein Eye and Doheny Eye Institutes, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Grimm
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Scott E Woodman
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
- Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
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9
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Li Y, Sun W, Sun D, Yin D. Retracted: Ras-ERK1/2 signaling promotes the development of uveal melanoma by downregulating H3K14ac. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16011-16020. [PMID: 30770563 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ras-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling has been proposed as the crucial regulators in the development of various cancers. Histone acetylation at H3 lysine 14 (H3K14ac) is closely associated with gene expression and DNA damage. However, whether H3K14ac participates in mediating Ras-ERK1/2-induced cell proliferation and migration in uveal melanoma cells remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of H3K14ac on Ras-ERK1/2 affected uveal melanoma cell phenotypes. MP65 cells were transfected with Ras WT and Ras G12V/T35S , the unloaded plasmid of pEGFP-N1 served as a negative control. Protein levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 Thr202 and H3K14ac were assessed by western blot assay. Cell viability, number of colonies, migration, and the downstream genes of ERK1/2 were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, soft-agar colony formation, transwell, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. HA-tag vectors of CLR3 and TIP60 and the small interfering RNAs that specific for CLR3 and MDM2 were transfected into MP65 cells to uncover the effects of CLR3, TIP60, and MDM2 on Ras-ERK1/2 mediated H3K14ac expression and MP65 cell phenotypes. We found that, Ras-ERK1/2 decreased H3K14ac expression in MP65 cells, and H3K14ac significantly suppressed Ras-ERK1/2-induced cell viability, colony formation, and migration in MP65 cells. Moreover, the transcription of CYR61, IGFBP3, WNT16B, NT5E, GDF15, and CARD16 was regulated by H3K14ac. Additionally, CLR3 silence recovered H3K14ac expression and reversed the effect of Ras-ERK1/2 on MP65 cell proliferation, migration and the mRNAs of ERK1/2 downstream genes. Besides, Ras-ERK1/2 decreased H3K14ac expression by MDM2-mediated TIP60 degradation. In conclusion, Ras-ERK1/2 promoted uveal melanoma cells growth and migration by downregulating H3K14ac via MDM2-mediated TIP60 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weixuan Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dajun Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dexin Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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10
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Yang J, Li R, Zhao D, Zheng S. Downregulation of microRNA-214 improves therapeutic potential of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell by targeting PIM-1 in rats with acute liver failure. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12887-12903. [PMID: 30938885 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a disease resulted from diverse etiology, which generally leads to a rapid degenerated hepatic function. However, transplantation bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation has been suggested to relieve ALF. Interestingly, microRNA-214 (miR-214) could potentially regulate differentiation and migration of BMSCs. The present study aims to inquire whether miR-214 affects therapeutic potential of BMSCs transplantation by targeting PIM-1 in ALF. 120 male Wistar rats were induced as ALF model rats and transplanted with BMSCs post-alteration of miR-214 or PIM-1 expression. Further experiments were performed to detect biochemical index (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], total bilirubin [TBiL]), and expression of miR-214, PIM-1, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), caspase 3, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in rat serum. Apart from the above detection, apoptosis of hepatocytes and Ki67 protein expression in hepatic tissues of rats were additionally assessed. After BMSCs transplantation with miR-214 inhibition, a decreased expression of ALT, AST, and TBiL yet an increased expression of HGF was shown, coupled with a decline in the expression of caspase 3, TNF-α, and IL-10. Meanwhile, alleviated hepatic injury and decreased apoptotic index of hepatic cells were observed and the positive rate of Ki67 protein expression was significantly increased. Moreover, miR-214 and caspase 3, TNF-α, and IL-10 decreased notably, while PIM-1 was upregulated in response to miR-214 inhibition. Strikingly, the inhibition of PIM-1 reversed effects triggered by miR-214 inhibition. These findings indicated that downregulation of miR-214 improves therapeutic potential of BMSCs transplantation by upregulating PIM-1 for ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Kunming Dongfang Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Life Science Academy of Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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11
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Dong L, You S, Zhang Q, Osuka S, Devi NS, Kaluz S, Ferguson JH, Yang H, Chen G, Wang B, Grossniklaus HE, Van Meir EG. Arylsulfonamide 64B Inhibits Hypoxia/HIF-Induced Expression of c-Met and CXCR4 and Reduces Primary Tumor Growth and Metastasis of Uveal Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:2206-2218. [PMID: 30563937 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most prevalent and lethal intraocular malignancy in adults. Here, we examined the importance of hypoxia in UM growth and tested the antitumor effects of arylsulfonamide 64B, an inhibitor of the hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) pathway in animal models of UM and investigated the related mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN UM cells were implanted in the uvea of mice eyes and mice systemically treated with 64B. Drug effect on primary eye tumor growth, circulating tumor cells, metastasis formation in liver, and survival were examined. 64B effects on UM cell growth, invasion and hypoxia-induced expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) were measured. Luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, and cellular thermal shift assays were used to determine how 64B interferes with the HIF transcriptional complex. RESULTS Systemic administration of 64B had potent antitumor effects against UM in several orthotopic mouse models, suppressing UM growth in the eye (∼70% reduction) and spontaneous liver metastasis (∼50% reduction), and extending mice survival (P < 0.001) while being well tolerated. 64B inhibited hypoxia-induced expression of CXCR4 and c-Met, 2 key drivers of tumor invasion and metastasis. 64B disrupted the HIF-1 complex by interfering with HIF-1α binding to p300/CBP co-factors, thus reducing p300 recruitment to the MET and CXCR4 gene promoters. 64B could thermostabilize p300, supporting direct 64B binding to p300. CONCLUSIONS Our preclinical efficacy studies support the further optimization of the 64B chemical scaffold toward a clinical candidate for the treatment of UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shuo You
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Satoru Osuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Narra S Devi
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stefan Kaluz
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Hua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Binghe Wang
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hans E Grossniklaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. .,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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12
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HGF/c-MET Signaling in Melanocytes and Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123844. [PMID: 30513872 PMCID: PMC6321285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/ mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) signaling is involved in complex cellular programs that are important for embryonic development and tissue regeneration, but its activity is also utilized by cancer cells during tumor progression. HGF and c-MET usually mediate heterotypic cell–cell interactions, such as epithelial–mesenchymal, including tumor–stroma interactions. In the skin, dermal fibroblasts are the main source of HGF. The presence of c-MET on keratinocytes is crucial for wound healing in the skin. HGF is not released by normal melanocytes, but as melanocytes express c-MET, they are receptive to HGF, which protects them from apoptosis and stimulates their proliferation and motility. Dissimilar to melanocytes, melanoma cells not only express c-MET, but also release HGF, thus activating c-MET in an autocrine manner. Stimulation of the HGF/c-MET pathways contributes to several processes that are crucial for melanoma development, such as proliferation, survival, motility, and invasiveness, including distant metastatic niche formation. HGF might be a factor in the innate and acquired resistance of melanoma to oncoprotein-targeted drugs. It is not entirely clear whether elevated serum HGF level is associated with low progression-free survival and overall survival after treatment with targeted therapies. This review focuses on the role of HGF/c-MET signaling in melanoma with some introductory information on its function in skin and melanocytes.
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Zhao Y, Zhang L, Yan A, Chen D, Xie R, Liu Y, Liang X, Zhao Y, Wei L, Yu J, Xu X, Su X. Grifolic acid induces GH3 adenoma cell death by inhibiting ATP production through a GPR120-independent mechanism. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19:26. [PMID: 29843779 PMCID: PMC5975534 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grifolic acid is a derivative of grifolin, an antitumor natural compound, and it was reported as an agonist of free fatty acid receptor GPR120. Little is known about its antitumor effects and the involvement of GPR120. METHODS GH3 cells, the rat anterior pituitary adenoma cells, were cultured and the cell death was measured by MTT assay and Annexin V/PI staining. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of GH3 cells was measured by JC-1 staining. Cellular ATP levels and the intracellular NAD/NADH ratio were measured. GPR120 expression in GH3 cells was observed by RT-PCR and Western Blot, and siRNA was used to inhibit GPR120 expression in GH3 cells. RESULTS Grifolic acid dose- and time-dependently induced the necrosis of GH3 cells. Grifolic acid significantly reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and decreased cellular ATP levels in GH3 cells. In contrast, the MMP of isolated mitochondria was not decreased by grifolic acid. The intracellular NAD/NADH ratio was significantly increased by grifolic acid. GPR120 is expressed in GH3 cells, but GPR120 agonists such as EPA, GW9508 and TUG891 did not affect the viability of GH3 cells. Moreover, GPR120 siRNA knockdown showed no significant influence on grifolic acid-induced GH3 cell death. CONCLUSION Grifolic acid induces GH3 cell death by decreasing MMP and inhibiting ATP production, which may be due to the inhibition of NADH production through a GPR120-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhao
- The institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710021 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Gerontological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Aili Yan
- The institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710021 China
| | - Di Chen
- The institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710021 China
| | - Rong Xie
- The institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710021 China
| | - Yingguang Liu
- The institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710021 China
| | - Xiangyan Liang
- The institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710021 China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- The institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710021 China
| | - Lanlan Wei
- The institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710021 China
| | - Jun Yu
- Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710038 China
| | - Xi Xu
- The institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710021 China
| | - Xingli Su
- The institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710021 China
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14
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Trends in hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and leptin expression levels in uveal melanoma patient serum and tumor tissues: correlation to disease progression. Melanoma Res 2017; 27:126-133. [DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM), a rare cancer of the eye, is distinct from cutaneous melanoma by its etiology, the mutation frequency and profile, and its clinical behavior including resistance to targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockers. Primary disease is efficiently controlled by surgery or radiation therapy, but about half of UMs develop distant metastasis mostly to the liver. Survival of patients with metastasis is below 1 year and has not improved in decades. Recent years have brought a deep understanding of UM biology characterized by initiating mutations in the G proteins GNAQ and GNA11. Cytogenetic alterations, in particular monosomy of chromosome 3 and amplification of the long arm of chromosome 8, and mutation of the BRCA1-associated protein 1, BAP1, a tumor suppressor gene, or the splicing factor SF3B1 determine UM metastasis. Cytogenetic and molecular profiling allow for a very precise prognostication that is still not matched by efficacious adjuvant therapies. G protein signaling has been shown to activate the YAP/TAZ pathway independent of HIPPO, and conventional signaling via the mitogen-activated kinase pathway probably also contributes to UM development and progression. Several lines of evidence indicate that inflammation and macrophages play a pro-tumor role in UM and in its hepatic metastases. UM cells benefit from the immune privilege in the eye and may adopt several mechanisms involved in this privilege for tumor escape that act even after leaving the niche. Here, we review the current knowledge of the biology of UM and discuss recent approaches to UM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Amaro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gangemi
- Laboratory of Biotherapies, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Piaggio
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Angelini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gaia Barisione
- Laboratory of Biotherapies, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvano Ferrini
- Laboratory of Biotherapies, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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16
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Potential therapeutic targets of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in melanoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 391:125-140. [PMID: 28131904 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a cutaneous neoplastic growth of melanocytes with great potential to invade and metastasize, especially when not treated early and effectively. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process by which melanocytes lose their epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal phenotypes. Mesenchymal protein expression increases the motility, invasiveness, and metastatic potential of melanoma. Many pathways play a role in promotion of mesenchymal protein expression including RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, and several others. Downstream effectors of these pathways induce expression of EMT transcription factors including Snail, Slug, Twist, and Zeb that promote repression of epithelial and induction of mesenchymal character. Emerging research has demonstrated that a variety of small molecule inhibitors as well as phytochemicals can influence the progression of EMT and may even reverse the process, inducing re-expression of epithelial markers. Phytochemicals are of particular interest as supplementary treatment options because of their relatively low toxicities and anti-EMT properties. Modulation of EMT signaling pathways using synthetic small molecules and phytochemicals is a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing the aggressive progression of metastatic melanoma. In this review, we discuss the emerging pathways and transcription factor targets that regulate EMT and evaluate potential synthetic small molecules and naturally occurring compounds that may reduce metastatic melanoma progression.
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17
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Zhou Y, Lin S, Tseng KF, Han K, Wang Y, Gan ZH, Min DL, Hu HY. Selumetinib suppresses cell proliferation, migration and trigger apoptosis, G1 arrest in triple-negative breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:818. [PMID: 27769200 PMCID: PMC5073736 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has aggressive progression with poor prognosis and ineffective treatments. Selumetinib is an allosteric, ATP-noncompetitive inhibitor of MEK1/2, which has benn known as effective antineoplastic drugs for several malignant tumors. We hypothesized that Selumetinib might be potential drug for TNBC and explore the mechanism. METHODS After treated with Selumetinib, the viability and mobility of HCC1937 and MDA-MB-231 were detected by MTT, tunnel, wound-healing assay, transwell assay and FCM methods. MiR array was used to analysis the change of miRs. We predicted and verified CUL1 is the target of miR-302a using Luciferase reporter assay. We also silenced the CUL1 by siRNA, to clarify whether CUL1 take part in the cell proliferation, migration and regulated its substrate TIMP1 and TRAF2. Moreover, after transfection, the antagomir of miR-302a and CUL1 over-expressed plasmid into HCC1937 and MDA-MB-231 cell accompanied with the Selumetinib treatment, we detected the proliferation and migration again. RESULTS Selumetinib reduce the proliferation, migration, triggered apoptosis and G1 arrest in TNBC cell lines. In this process, the miR-302a was up-regulated and inhibited the CUL1 expression. The later negatively regulated the TIMP1 and TRAF2. As soon as we knockdown miR-302a and over-expression CUL1 in TNBC cells, the cytotoxicity of Selumetinib was reversed. CONCLUSIONS MiR-302a targeted regulated the CUL1 expression and mediated the Selumetinib-induced cytotoxicity of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Shuchen Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Kuo-Fu Tseng
- Biophysics Department of Oregan State University, ALS-2139, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA
| | - Kun Han
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Zhi-hua Gan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Da-liu Min
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
- Biophysics Department of Oregan State University, ALS-2139, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA
| | - Hai-yan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
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19
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Arterial Blood, Rather Than Venous Blood, is a Better Source for Circulating Melanoma Cells. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1821-6. [PMID: 26870807 PMCID: PMC4740300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CTCs provide prognostic information and their application is under investigation in multiple tumor types. Of the multiple variables inherent in any such process, none is more important to outcome than the appropriateness of the sample source. To address this question, we investigated CTCs in paired peripheral venous and arterial blood specimens obtained from stage IV uveal melanoma patients. Methods Blood specimens were obtained from both common femoral arteries and antecubital veins in 17 uveal melanoma patients with multiple hepatic metastases for CTC measurements. Finding CTCs were detectable with greater frequency (100%) and in larger numbers (median 5, range 1 to 168) in all arterial blood specimens than in venous samples (52.9%; median 1, range 0 to 8). Patients with hepatic as well as extra-hepatic metastasis showed higher number of arterial CTCs, compared to patients with liver-only metastasis (p = 0.003). There was no significant association between the number of arterial CTCs and the tumor burden within the liver in patients who had liver-only metastases. Interpretation Our data indicate that arterial blood specimens might be a better source of circulating uveal melanoma cells. Although less conveniently processed, perhaps arterial blood should be evaluated as sample source for measurement of CTCs. CTCs were detectable in 100% of arterial blood obtained from metastatic uveal melanoma patients, while only 53% of venous blood was positive for CTCs.
CTCs have been investigated to provide prognostic information in multiple tumor types. Of the multiple variables, none is more important than the appropriateness of the sample source. Blood specimens were obtained from both femoral arteries and antecubital veins in 17 uveal melanoma patients with multiple hepatic metastases. CTCs were detectable with greater frequency (100%) and in larger numbers in all arterial blood specimens than in venous samples (52.9%). Our data indicate that arterial blood specimens might be a better source of circulating uveal melanoma cells. Although less convenient, arterial blood should be evaluated as sample source for measurement of CTCs.
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Key Words
- AKTi, AKT inhibitor
- Ab, antibody
- Arterial venous
- BCNU, bischlorethylnitrosourea
- CTC count
- Circulating tumor cells
- DEBDOX, drug-eluting beads with doxorubicin
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- HMW-MAA, high molecular weight melanoma associated antigen
- Hepatic metastasis
- Ipi, ipilimumab
- LN, lymph node
- MEKi, MEK inhibitor
- METi, MET inhibitor;
- Peripheral venous
- TACE, transarterial chemoembolization
- Uveal melanoma
- VPA, valproic acid
- XRT, radiation therapy
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Sun L, Bian G, Meng Z, Dang G, Shi D, Mi S. MiR-144 Inhibits Uveal Melanoma Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Regulating c-Met Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124428. [PMID: 25961751 PMCID: PMC4427317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group endogenous small non-coding RNAs that inhibit protein translation through binding to specific target mRNAs. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are implicated in the development of cancer. However, the role of miR-144 in uveal melanoma metastasis remains largely unknown. MiR-144 was downregulated in both uveal melanoma cells and tissues. Transfection of miR-144 mimic into uveal melanoma cells led to a decrease in cell growth and invasion. After identification of two putative miR-144 binding sites within the 3' UTR of the human c-Met mRNA, miR-144 was proved to inhibit the luciferase activity inMUM-2B cells with a luciferase reporter construct containing the binding sites. In addition, the expression of c-Met protein was inhibited by miR-144. Furthermore, c-Met-mediated cell proliferation and invasion were inhibited by restoration of miR-144 in uveal melanoma cells. In conclusion, miR-144 acts as a tumor suppressor in uveal melanoma, through inhibiting cell proliferation and migration. miR-144 might serve as a potential therapeutic target in uveal melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guangqing Bian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - ZhaoJun Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guangfu Dang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - DeJing Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuyong Mi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
- * E-mail:
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Cheng H, Terai M, Kageyama K, Ozaki S, McCue PA, Sato T, Aplin AE. Paracrine Effect of NRG1 and HGF Drives Resistance to MEK Inhibitors in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2737-48. [PMID: 25952648 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma patients with metastatic disease usually die within one year, emphasizing an urgent need to develop new treatment strategies for this cancer. MEK inhibitors improve survival in cutaneous melanoma patients but show only modest efficacy in metastatic uveal melanoma patients. In this study, we screened for growth factors that elicited resistance in newly characterized metastatic uveal melanoma cell lines to clinical-grade MEK inhibitors, trametinib and selumetinib. We show that neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) provide resistance to MEK inhibition. Mechanistically, trametinib enhances the responsiveness to NRG1 and sustained HGF-mediated activation of AKT. Individually targeting ERBB3 and cMET, the receptors for NRG1 and HGF, respectively, overcome resistance to trametinib provided by these growth factors and by conditioned medium from fibroblasts that produce NRG1 and HGF. Inhibition of AKT also effectively reverses the protective effect of NRG1 and HGF in trametinib-treated cells. Uveal melanoma xenografts growing in the liver in vivo and a subset of liver metastases of uveal melanoma patients express activated forms of ERBB2 (the coreceptor for ERBB3) and cMET. Together, these results provide preclinical evidence for the use of MEK inhibitors in combination with clinical-grade anti-ERBB3 or anti-cMET monoclonal antibodies in metastatic uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyin Cheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mizue Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ken Kageyama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shinji Ozaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter A McCue
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Niu G, Li B, Sun J, Sun L. miR-454 is down-regulated in osteosarcomas and suppresses cell proliferation and invasion by directly targeting c-Met. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:348-55. [PMID: 25880599 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy of children and young adults. Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with cancer development, but, little is known concerning the role of miR-454 in osteosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS qRT-PCR was performed to detect expression of miR-454 in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues. To understand its role in osteosarcoma, we reintroduced expression of miR-454 in the MG-63 cell line by transfection with miR-454 mimics or inhibitors. CCK-8 assay and an invasion assay were used to detect the functional role of miR-454. Luciferase assay and western blot analysis were performed to detect the target gene of miR-454. RESULTS miR-454 was found to be down-regulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Its over-expression inhibited tumour growth and invasion and its down-regulation promoted cell proliferation and invasion. Subsequent investigation revealed that c-Met was a direct and functional target of miR-454 in osteosarcoma. Overexpression of miR-454 impaired c-Met-induced cell proliferation and invasion. Finally, miR-454 was found to be inversely correlated to c-Met expression in human osteosarcoma tissues. CONCLUSIONS Reduced-expression of miR-454 in osteosarcoma cells promoted tumour growth by targeting c-Met, thus miR-454 may be a potential therapy target for this tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfeng Niu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Treatment options for metastatic melanoma depend on the clinical course of the disease and the molecular profile such as mutations of the BRAF gene. In this article, we review the current state of targeted therapy with kinase inhibitors. RECENT FINDINGS Despite major advancements in targeted therapy of metastatic melanoma, most patients relapse and show progressive disease after 5-7 months with single inhibition of BRAF or MEK. Acquired resistance is virtually universal and mediated by diverse mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent or independent mechanisms. Recent evidence favours concurrent targeting of BRAF and MEK in patients with BRAFV600-mutated melanoma instead of BRAF inhibitor monotherapy. The combination delays the onset of acquired resistance, resulting in increased progression-free and overall survival. A growing number of early trials evaluate the efficacy of inhibitors targeting additional pathways such as phospho-inositide 3-kinase/AKT in conjunction with BRAF or MEK. Even though consistent and mature phase III study results are not yet available for these combinations, the repertoire of targeted therapy in metastatic melanoma is wide and promising. SUMMARY The short era of single BRAF inhibition in BRAF-mutated melanoma is soon taken over by dual concurrent inhibition of MEK and BRAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus V Heppt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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24
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Sullivan R, LoRusso P, Boerner S, Dummer R. Achievements and challenges of molecular targeted therapy in melanoma. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2015:177-186. [PMID: 25993155 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2015.35.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of melanoma has been revolutionized over the past decade with the development of effective molecular and immune targeted therapies. The great majority of patients with melanoma have mutations in oncogenes that predominantly drive signaling through the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Analytic tools have been developed that can effectively stratify patients into molecular subsets based on the identification of mutations in oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes that drive the MAPK pathway. At the same time, potent and selective inhibitors of mediators of the MAPK pathway such as RAF, MEK, and ERK have become available. The most dramatic example is the development of single-agent inhibitors of BRAF (vemurafenib, dabrafenib, encorafenib) and MEK (trametinib, cobimetinib, binimetinib) for patients with metastatic BRAFV600-mutant melanoma, a subset that represents 40% to 50% of patients with metastatic melanoma. More recently, the elucidation of mechanisms underlying resistance to single-agent BRAF inhibitor therapy led to a second generation of trials that demonstrated the superiority of BRAF inhibitor/MEK inhibitor combinations (dabrafenib/trametinib; vemurafenib/cobimetinib) compared to single-agent BRAF inhibitors. Moving beyond BRAFV600 targeting, a number of other molecular subsets--such as mutations in MEK, NRAS, and non-V600 BRAF and loss of function of the tumor suppressor neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1)--are predicted to respond to MAPK pathway targeting by single-agent pan-RAF, MEK, or ERK inhibitors. As these strategies are being tested in clinical trials, preclinical and early clinical trial data are now emerging about which combinatorial approaches might be best for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Sullivan
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patricia LoRusso
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Scott Boerner
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Pro-survival role of MITF in melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:352-358. [PMID: 25142731 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a therapy-resistant skin cancer due to numerous mechanisms supporting cell survival. Although components of melanoma cytoprotective mechanisms are overexpressed in many types of tumors, some of their regulators are characteristic for melanoma. Several genes mediating pro-survival functions have been identified as direct targets of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a melanocyte-specific modulator also recognized as a lineage addiction oncogene in melanoma. BRAF(V600E) and other proteins deregulated in melanoma influence MITF expression and activity, or they are the partners of MITF in melanoma response to radiotherapy and chemotherapeutics. In this review, the pro-survival activity of MITF is discussed.
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