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Fillenbaum GG, Mohs R. CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease) Neuropsychology Assessment Battery: 35 Years and Counting. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:1-27. [PMID: 36938738 PMCID: PMC10175144 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1986, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) was mandated to develop a brief neuropsychological assessment battery (CERAD-NAB) for AD, for uniform neuropsychological assessment, and information aggregation. Initially used across the National Institutes of Aging-funded Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers, it has become widely adopted wherever information is desired on cognitive status and change therein, particularly in older populations. OBJECTIVE Our purpose is to provide information on the multiple uses of the CERAD-NAB since its inception, and possible further developments. METHODS Since searching on "CERAD neuropsychological assessment battery" or similar terms missed important information, "CERAD" alone was entered into PubMed and SCOPUS, and CERAD-NAB use identified from the resulting studies. Use was sorted into major categories, e.g., psychometric information, norms, dementia/differential dementia diagnosis, epidemiology, intervention evaluation, genetics, etc., also translations, country of use, and alternative data gathering approaches. RESULTS CERAD-NAB is available in ∼20 languages. In addition to its initial purpose assessing AD severity, CERAD-NAB can identify mild cognitive impairment, facilitate differential dementia diagnosis, determine cognitive effects of naturally occurring and experimental interventions (e.g., air pollution, selenium in soil, exercise), has helped to clarify cognition/brain physiology-neuroanatomy, and assess cognitive status in dementia-risk conditions. Surveys of primary and tertiary care patients, and of population-based samples in multiple countries have provided information on prevalent and incident dementia, and cross-sectional and longitudinal norms for ages 35-100 years. CONCLUSION CERAD-NAB has fulfilled its original mandate, while its uses have expanded, keeping up with advances in the area of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda G Fillenbaum
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard Mohs
- Global Alzheimer's Platform Foundation, Washington, DC, USA
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Mun J, Kang J, Kim K, Bae J, Lee H, Lim C. Deep learning-based speech recognition for Korean elderly speech data including dementia patients. KOREAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS 2023. [DOI: 10.5351/kjas.2023.36.1.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joonseo Kang
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University
| | - Kiwoong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University; eSevenpointone
| | - Jongbin Bae
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University
| | | | - Changwon Lim
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University
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Metarugcheep S, Punyabukkana P, Wanvarie D, Hemrungrojn S, Chunharas C, Pratanwanich PN. Selecting the Most Important Features for Predicting Mild Cognitive Impairment from Thai Verbal Fluency Assessments. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22155813. [PMID: 35957370 PMCID: PMC9370961 DOI: 10.3390/s22155813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an early stage of cognitive decline or memory loss, commonly found among the elderly. A phonemic verbal fluency (PVF) task is a standard cognitive test that participants are asked to produce words starting with given letters, such as “F” in English and “ก” /k/ in Thai. With state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, features extracted from the PVF data have been widely used to detect MCI. The PVF features, including acoustic features, semantic features, and word grouping, have been studied in many languages but not Thai. However, applying the same PVF feature extraction methods used in English to Thai yields unpleasant results due to different language characteristics. This study performs analytical feature extraction on Thai PVF data to classify MCI patients. In particular, we propose novel approaches to extract features based on phonemic clustering (ability to cluster words by phonemes) and switching (ability to shift between clusters) for the Thai PVF data. The comparison results of the three classifiers revealed that the support vector machine performed the best with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.733 (N = 100). Furthermore, our implemented guidelines extracted efficient features, which support the machine learning models regarding MCI detection on Thai PVF data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suppat Metarugcheep
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Proadpran Punyabukkana
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
| | - Dittaya Wanvarie
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (D.W.); (P.N.P.)
| | - Solaphat Hemrungrojn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Cognitive Fitness and Biopsychological Technology Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chaipat Chunharas
- Cognitive Clinical & Computational Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Chula Neuroscience Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ploy N. Pratanwanich
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (D.W.); (P.N.P.)
- Chula Intelligent and Complex Systems Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Kwon SJ, Kim HS, Han JH, Bae JB, Han JW, Kim KW. Reliability and Validity of Alzheimer's Disease Screening With a Semi-automated Smartphone Application Using Verbal Fluency. Front Neurol 2021; 12:684902. [PMID: 34305793 PMCID: PMC8296303 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.684902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) screening with a self-administered categorical verbal fluency test using a semi-automated Android application (app; tCVFT). Furthermore, its diagnostic accuracy concerning AD was compared with both that of a conventional categorical verbal fluency test (cCVFT) administered by a health professional and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Materials and Methods: Participants included 100 community-dwelling patients with early AD, whose Clinical Dementia Rating was either 0.5 or 1, and a further 100 sex-matched cognitively normal controls. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the tCVFT weighted sum score (tCVFT-WS) was examined using Cronbach's alpha and Pearson's correlation analyses (adjusted for age and education), respectively. The concurrent validity of the tCVFT-WS was examined by testing its correlations with the cCVFT weighted sum score (cCVFT-WS) and MMSE using Pearson's correlation tests. The diagnostic accuracies for early AD of the tCVFT-WS, cCVFT-WS, and MMSE were estimated and compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Results: The tCVFT-WS exhibited strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79). However, its test-retest reliability was moderate (r = 0.54) owing to the low test-retest reliability of the second-half responses. The patient group exhibited a higher tCVFT-WS than the control group (p < 0.001). Correlations between the tCVFT-WS, cCVFT-WS, and MMSE were significant. The tCVFT-WS's area under the ROC curve for AD was 0.861. At its optimal cutoff, the sensitivity and specificity for AD were 0.78 and 0.77, respectively. Conclusions: The self-administered tCVFT-WS, using an Android app, proved valid and reliable at distinguishing people with early AD from cognitively normal controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Jai Kwon
- Dementia Center, Incheon Sejong Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hye Sung Kim
- Seongnam Citizens Medical Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Han
- Yoon's Psychiatry Clinic, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jong Bin Bae
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
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Choi HS, Choe JY, Kim H, Han JW, Chi YK, Kim K, Hong J, Kim T, Kim TH, Yoon S, Kim KW. Deep learning based low-cost high-accuracy diagnostic framework for dementia using comprehensive neuropsychological assessment profiles. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:234. [PMID: 30285646 PMCID: PMC6171238 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conventional scores of the neuropsychological batteries are not fully optimized for diagnosing dementia despite their variety and abundance of information. To achieve low-cost high-accuracy diagnose performance for dementia using a neuropsychological battery, a novel framework is proposed using the response profiles of 2666 cognitively normal elderly individuals and 435 dementia patients who have participated in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia (KLOSCAD). METHODS The key idea of the proposed framework is to propose a cost-effective and precise two-stage classification procedure that employed Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) as a screening test and the KLOSCAD Neuropsychological Assessment Battery as a diagnostic test using deep learning. In addition, an evaluation procedure of redundant variables is introduced to prevent performance degradation. A missing data imputation method is also presented to increase the robustness by recovering information loss. The proposed deep neural networks (DNNs) architecture for the classification is validated through rigorous evaluation in comparison with various classifiers. RESULTS The k-nearest-neighbor imputation has been induced according to the proposed framework, and the proposed DNNs for two stage classification show the best accuracy compared to the other classifiers. Also, 49 redundant variables were removed, which improved diagnostic performance and suggested the potential of simplifying the assessment. Using this two-stage framework, we could get 8.06% higher diagnostic accuracy of dementia than MMSE alone and 64.13% less cost than KLOSCAD-N alone. CONCLUSION The proposed framework could be applied to general dementia early detection programs to improve robustness, preciseness, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soo Choi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, room 908 Bldg. 301, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Yeong Choe
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanjoo Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, room 908 Bldg. 301, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Gyeonggi, 13620, Korea
| | - Yeon Kyung Chi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Gyeonggi, 13620, Korea
| | - Kayoung Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Gyeonggi, 13620, Korea
| | - Jongwoo Hong
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Gyeonggi, 13620, Korea
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Gyeonggi, 13620, Korea
| | - Tae Hui Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sungroh Yoon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, room 908 Bldg. 301, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Gyeonggi, 13620, Korea. .,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Moreno Cervantes C, Mimenza Alvarado A, Aguilar Navarro S, Alvarado Ávila P, Gutiérrez Gutiérrez L, Juárez Arellano S, Ávila Funes J. Factores asociados a la demencia mixta en comparación con demencia tipo Alzheimer en adultos mayores mexicanos. Neurologia 2017; 32:309-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Moreno Cervantes C, Mimenza Alvarado A, Aguilar Navarro S, Alvarado Ávila P, Gutiérrez Gutiérrez L, Juárez Arellano S, Ávila Funes J. Factors associated with mixed dementia vs Alzheimer disease in elderly Mexican adults. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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