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García-Culebras A, Cuartero MI, Peña-Martínez C, Moraga A, Vázquez-Reyes S, de Castro-Millán FJ, Cortes-Canteli M, Lizasoain I, Moro MÁ. Myeloid cells in vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Possible therapeutic targets? Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:777-798. [PMID: 37282844 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the suggestion that the peripheral immune system plays a role in different pathologies associated with cognitive impairment, such as vascular dementia (VD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this review is to summarize, within the peripheral immune system, the implications of different types of myeloid cells in AD and VD, with a special focus on post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia (PSCID). We will review the contributions of the myeloid lineage, from peripheral cells (neutrophils, platelets, monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages) to central nervous system (CNS)-associated cells (perivascular macrophages and microglia). Finally, we will evaluate different potential strategies for pharmacological modulation of pathological processes mediated by myeloid cell subsets, with an emphasis on neutrophils, their interaction with platelets and the process of immunothrombosis that triggers neutrophil-dependent capillary stall and hypoperfusion, as possible effector mechanisms that may pave the way to novel therapeutic avenues to stop dementia, the epidemic of our time. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia García-Culebras
- Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, UCM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Cuartero
- Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Peña-Martínez
- Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Moraga
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, UCM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, UCM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Vázquez-Reyes
- Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier de Castro-Millán
- Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cortes-Canteli
- Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, UCM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Moro
- Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, UCM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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Morandini L, Avery D, Angeles B, Winston P, Martin RK, Donahue HJ, Olivares-Navarrete R. Reduction of neutrophil extracellular traps accelerates inflammatory resolution and increases bone formation on titanium implants. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:670-684. [PMID: 37187302 PMCID: PMC10330750 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in the blood and the first cells to be recruited to the biomaterial implantation site. Neutrophils are fundamental in recruiting mononuclear leukocytes to mount an immune response at the injury site. Neutrophils exert significant pro-inflammatory effects through the release of cytokines and chemokines, degranulation and release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE), and the production of large DNA-based networks called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Neutrophils are initially recruited and activated by cytokines and pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns, but little is known about how the physicochemical composition of the biomaterial affects their activation. This study aimed to understand how ablating neutrophil mediators (MPO, NE, NETs) affected macrophage phenotype in vitro and osseointegration in vivo. We discovered that NET formation is a crucial mediator of pro-inflammatory macrophage activation, and inhibition of NET formation significantly suppresses macrophage pro-inflammatory phenotype. Furthermore, reducing NET formation accelerated the inflammatory phase of healing and produced greater bone formation around the implanted biomaterial, suggesting that NETs are essential regulators of biomaterial integration. Our findings emphasize the importance of the neutrophil response to implanted biomaterials and highlight innate immune cells' regulation and amplification signaling during the initiation and resolution of the inflammatory phase of biomaterial integration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in blood and are the first to be recruited to the injury/implantation site where they exert significant pro-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to understand how ablating neutrophil mediators affected macrophage phenotype in vitro and bone apposition in vivo. We found that NET formation is a crucial mediator of pro-inflammatory macrophage activation. Reducing NET formation accelerated the inflammatory phase of healing and produced greater appositional bone formation around the implanted biomaterial, suggesting that NETs are essential regulators of biomaterial integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Morandini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Derek Avery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Benjamin Angeles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul Winston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rebecca K Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Henry J Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Tabata H, Morita H, Kouyama K, Tohyama Y. Complement dependent TNFα production in neutrophil-like HL60 cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101465. [PMID: 37125077 PMCID: PMC10130347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils develop in the bone marrow (BM) from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through a series of progenitor cells and mature neutrophils play a critical role in the human immune system. Previous studies revealed that tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) produced by immature neutrophils contributes to HSCs development and vascular regeneration in the BM niche. However, the precise mechanism of TNFα production in immature neutrophils remains unclear. This study aims to assess the relationship between complement C3 activation and TNFα production from immature neutrophils. We investigated the regulatory mechanism of TNFα production by complement components in neutrophil-like HL60 cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that C3a receptor (C3aR) and C3bi receptor (CR3, Mac-1, CD11b/CD18, integrin αMβ2) are expressed on the surface of neutrophil-like HL60 cells. We found that zymosan-treated human serum leads to TNFα production in neutrophil-like HL60 cells, but not in human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). A C3-convertase inhibitor, compstatin suppresses TNFα production. These data suggest that the TNFα production is mediated by complement C3 activation. Furthermore, the TNFα production is enhanced by Ca2+ elevating agents, thapsigargin (TG), but is suppressed by treatment with Ca2+ chelators, EGTA, or BAPTA-AM. In addition, the soluble TNFα production is suppressed by treatment with immobilized-fibrinogen or -fibronectin. Thus, the TNFα production is enhanced by intracellular Ca2+ elevation and is negatively regulated by the interaction between the neutrophil-like HL60 cells and fibrinogen or fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tabata
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-8524, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-8524, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kouyama
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-8524, Japan
| | - Yumi Tohyama
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-8524, Japan
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Li G, Jiang X, Liang X, Hou Y, Zang J, Zhu B, Jia C, Niu K, Liu X, Xu X, Jiang R, Wang B. BAP31 regulates the expression of ICAM-1/VCAM-1 via MyD88/NF-κB pathway in acute lung injury mice model. Life Sci 2023; 313:121310. [PMID: 36549351 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that mediate neutrophil-endothelium cell adhesion are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). B-cell receptor associated protein 31 (BAP31) has been reported to engage in the expression of some CAMs. This study was undertaken to explore whether BAP31 in endotheliocyte affects the pathological process of ALI by regulating CAMs, and its possible mechanism. MAIN METHODS Our study used the shBAP31 endothelium cell lines and endothelial-specific BAP31 conditional knockdown mice constructed via Cre/loxP system. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the histopathological manifestations. The adhesion of neutrophils to vascular wall was examined by intravital microscopy. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB was observed by immunofluorescence staining assay. Flow cytometric, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay were performed to determine the expression of CAMs and key proteins in MyD88/NF-κB-related signaling pathway. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were analyzed for transcriptional activity of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. KEY FINDINGS Mechanistic investigations indicated that endothelium-specific BAP31 depletion dramatically reduced the capacity of neutrophils adherence to endothelial cells (ECs), which was mainly attributed to the significant downregulation of ICAM-1 (p < 0.05) and VCAM-1 (p < 0.05) expression. Interestingly, BAP31 knockdown apparently deactivated MyD88/TRAF6-mediated TAK1/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling cascades, resulting in the inhibition of NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation. SIGNIFICANCE Our data furnished convincing evidence that BAP31 deficiency performs a mitigative effect on ALI by decreasing neutrophils-ECs adhesion. These findings identified BAP31 as a promising protein for regulating the pathogenesis process of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxun Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xiaohan Jiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
| | - Yue Hou
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jingnan Zang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Benzhi Zhu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Congcong Jia
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Kunwei Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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Abri S, Attia R, Pukale DD, Leipzig ND. Modulatory Contribution of Oxygenating Hydrogels and Polyhexamethylene Biguanide on the Antimicrobial Potency of Neutrophil-like Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3842-3855. [PMID: 35960539 PMCID: PMC10259321 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are a first line of host defense against infection and utilize a series of oxygen-dependent processes to eliminate pathogens. Research suggests that oxygen availability can improve anti-infective mechanisms by promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species. Also, oxygen can synergistically upregulate the antibacterial properties of certain antibiotics against bacteria by altering their metabolism and causing an increase in the antibiotic uptake of bacteria. Therefore, understanding the effects of oxygen availability, as provided via a biomaterial treatment alone or along with potent antibacterial agents, on neutrophil functions can lead us to the development of new anti-inflammatory and anti-infective approaches. However, the study of neutrophil functions in vitro is often limited by their short life span and nonreproducibility, which suggests the need for cell line-based models as a substitute for primary neutrophils. Here, we took advantage of the differentiated human leukemia-60 cell line (HL-60), as an in vitro neutrophil model, to test the effects of local oxygen and antibacterial delivery by fluorinated methacrylamide chitosan (MACF) hydrogels incorporated with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) antibacterial agent. Considering the natural modes of neutrophil actions to combat bacteria, we studied the impact of our dual functioning oxygenating-antibacterial platforms on neutrophil phagocytosis and antibacterial properties as well as the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results demonstrated that supplemental oxygen and antibacterial delivery from MACF-PHMB hydrogel platforms upregulated neutrophil antibacterial properties and ROS production. NET formation by neutrophils upon treatment with MACF and PHMB varied when chemical and biological stimuli were used. Overall, this study presents a model to study immune responses in vitro and lays the foundation for future studies to investigate if similar responses also occur in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Abri
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular and Corrosion Engineering, University of Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rheem Attia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dipak D. Pukale
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular and Corrosion Engineering, University of Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nic D. Leipzig
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular and Corrosion Engineering, University of Akron, Ohio, United States of America
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Sano M, Maejima Y, Nakagama S, Shiheido-Watanabe Y, Tamura N, Hirao K, Isobe M, Sasano T. Neutrophil extracellular traps-mediated Beclin-1 suppression aggravates atherosclerosis by inhibiting macrophage autophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:876147. [PMID: 35923856 PMCID: PMC9340257 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.876147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) critically contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. However, the detailed mechanism of how NETs promote atherogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we explored the role of NETs for promoting atherosclerosis by modulating the activity of autophagy in macrophages. NETs were effectively induced by a nicotine administration to the HL-60 cell-derived neutrophil-like cells. Treatment with NETs markedly suppressed both autophagosome formation and autophagosome–lysosome fusion in 7-ketocholesterol-treated macrophages, which are accompanied by the enhancement of inflammasome activity. NETs upregulate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity, which enhances Beclin-1 phosphorylation of the tyrosine residues of Beclin-1 by EGFR, inhibits the PI3 kinase activity of the Beclin1–Vps34 complex, and suppresses autophagosome formation in macrophages. Furthermore, NET-induced activation of EGFR allows Rubicon to increase its expression, thereby suppressing autophagosome-lysosome fusion. In vivo experiments revealed that the suppression of NET formation by ablating peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 in neutrophil leukocytes resulted in the attenuation of atherosclerotic plaques in a nicotine-administered HFD-fed ApoE−/−mice. Taken together, these results suggest that NET-mediated EGFR–Beclin-1 signaling in the macrophages promotes atherogenesis by autophagy inhibition-mediated inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Sano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Professional Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Maejima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yasuhiro Maejima,
| | - Shun Nakagama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Shiheido-Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Tamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hirao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, AOI Universal Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Sasano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Song P, Peng G, Yue H, Ogawa T, Ikeda S, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Niyonsaba F. Candidalysin, a Virulence Factor of Candida albicans, Stimulates Mast Cells by Mediating Cross-Talk Between Signaling Pathways Activated by the Dectin-1 Receptor and MAPKs. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:1009-1025. [PMID: 35420364 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although mast cells (MCs) modulate the activity of effector cells during Candida albicans infection, their role in the pathogenesis of candidiasis remains unclear. Candidalysin, a C. albicans-derived peptide toxin, is a crucial factor in fungal infections. We aimed to investigate the effect of candidalysin on MC activation and the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Serum from candidalysin-immunized mice was used to measure candidalysin expression in patients infected with C. albicans. MC degranulation and migration were evaluated by β-hexosaminidase release assay and chemotaxis assay, respectively. EIA and ELISA were used to evaluate the production of eicosanoids and cytokines/chemokines, respectively. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was measured with a DAF-FM diacetate kit, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was analyzed by flow cytometry. MAPK activation was evaluated by Western blotting. RESULTS We detected high candidalysin expression in the lesions of patients infected with C. albicans, and the MC number was increased in these lesions. LL-37 colocalized with MCs in the lesions of candidiasis patients. Candidalysin-enhanced MC accumulation in mice and treating LAD2 and HMC-1 cells with candidalysin induced their degranulation, migration, and production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, eicosanoids, ROS, NO, and LL-37. Interestingly, C. albicans strains lacking candidalysin failed to induce MC activation. Moreover, candidalysin increased dectin-1 expression, and the inhibition of dectin-1 decreased MC activation. Downstream dectin-1 signaling involved the MAPK pathways. CONCLUSION The finding that candidalysin causes cutaneous MC activation may improve our understanding of the role of MCs in the pathology of cutaneous C. albicans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Song
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Ge Peng
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hainan Yue
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takasuke Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - François Niyonsaba
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Jo HM, Ahn C, Kim H, Kang BT, Jeung EB, Yang MP. Effect of quercetin on formation of porcine neutrophil extracellular trap. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 241:110335. [PMID: 34627080 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is an immune response to the invasion of external microorganisms. Quercetin, a member of the flavonoid family found in fruits and vegetables, has been examined in multiple biological contexts. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of quercetin on porcine NET formation. We measured NET formation by peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) using propidium iodide (PI) dye. The amount of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in culture supernatants was quantified by ELISA, and TNF-α mRNA expression was measured by RT-PCR. Direct treatment of PMNs with quercetin did not affect NET formation; however, NET formation was inhibited by exposure to culture supernatant from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with quercetin. By contrast, culture supernatant from PBMCs treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced high levels of NET formation of PMNs, and this effect was reduced by co-treatment with LPS and quercetin. In addition, treatment of PMNs with recombinant porcine (rp) TNF-α induced high levels of NET formation. PBMCs treated with LPS increased higher levels of TNF-α mRNA and protein, but this effect was weakened when they were co-treated with quercetin. These findings indicated that quercetin inhibits NET formation of PMNs by suppressing production of TNF-α from LPS-stimulated PBMCs. These results suggest that quercetin exerts an anti-inflammatory effect, mediated by down-regulation of TNF-α production from LPS-stimulated PBMCs, which inhibits NET formation in PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Min Jo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakhyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Teck Kang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Mhan-Pyo Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Lu CH, Li KJ, Wu CH, Shen CY, Kuo YM, Hsieh SC, Yu CL. The FcγRIII Engagement Augments PMA-Stimulated Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Formation by Granulocytes Partially via Cross-Talk between Syk-ERK-NF-κB and PKC-ROS Signaling Pathways. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091127. [PMID: 34572313 PMCID: PMC8472361 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundant white blood cell in the circulation capable of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation after stimulation. Both NADPH oxidase-dependent and -independent pathways are involved in NET formation. The IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in human serum. However, the impact of the circulating IgG on NET formation is totally unexplored. In this study, the all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced mature granulocytes (dHL-60) were pre-treated with monomeric human IgG, papain-digested Fab fragment, crystallizable IgG Fc portion, rituximab (a human IgG1), or IgG2. The NET formation of the dHL-60 in the presence/absence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation was then measured by the fluorescent area after SYTOX green nucleic acid stain. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured by flow cytometry. Total and phosphorylated Syk, SHP-1, and ERK were detected by immunoblot. We found that human monomeric IgG and its subclasses IgG1 and IgG2 per se induced negligible NET formation of dHL-60, but the FcγRIII engagement by these IgG subclasses and Fc portion augment PMA-stimulated dHL-60 NET formation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that increased Syk and ERK phosphorylation, intracellular ROS generation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-8 and TNF-α, production could be induced after FcγRIII engagement. Blocking FcγRIII engagement by a specific antibody diminished the augmented NET formation. In conclusion, we discovered that cross-talk between FcγRIII engagement-induced Syk-ERK and PMA-induced PKC signaling pathways augment NET formation of dHL-60 via increased ROS generation and pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-8 and TNF-α, production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsun Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.); (S.-C.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.); (S.-C.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.); (S.-C.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.); (S.-C.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.); (S.-C.H.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Rios MR, Garoffolo G, Rinaldi G, Megia-Fernandez A, Ferrari S, Robb CT, Rossi AG, Pesce M, Bradley M. A fluorogenic peptide-based smartprobe for the detection of neutrophil extracellular traps and inflammation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:97-100. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly specific, fluorogenic probe detects human neutrophil elastase (hNE) in activated neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Rios
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- EH9 3FJ Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Gloria Garoffolo
- Tissue Engineering Research Unit
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino
- IRCCS
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Giulia Rinaldi
- Centre for Inflammation Research
- Queen's Medical Research Institute
- University of Edinburgh
- UK
| | | | - Silvia Ferrari
- Tissue Engineering Research Unit
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino
- IRCCS
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Calum T. Robb
- Centre for Inflammation Research
- Queen's Medical Research Institute
- University of Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Adriano G. Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research
- Queen's Medical Research Institute
- University of Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Tissue Engineering Research Unit
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino
- IRCCS
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- EH9 3FJ Edinburgh
- UK
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11
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Verdon R, Gillies SL, Brown DM, Henry T, Tran L, Tyler CR, Rossi AG, Stone V, Johnston HJ. Neutrophil activation by nanomaterials in vitro: comparing strengths and limitations of primary human cells with those of an immortalized (HL-60) cell line. Nanotoxicology 2020; 15:1-20. [PMID: 33272088 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1834635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of nanomaterial (NM) induced inflammatory responses has largely relied on rodent testing via measurement of leukocyte accumulation in target organs. Despite observations that NMs activate neutrophil driven inflammatory responses in vivo, a limited number of studies have investigated neutrophil responses to NMs in vitro. We compared responses between the human neutrophil-like HL-60 cell line and human primary neutrophils following exposure to silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) NMs. NM cytotoxicity and neutrophil activation were assessed by measuring cellular metabolic activity, cytokine production, respiratory burst, and release of neutrophil extracellular traps. We observed a similar pattern of response between HL-60 cells and primary neutrophils, however we report that some neutrophil functions are compromised in the cell line. Ag NMs were consistently observed to stimulate neutrophil activation, with CuO NMs inducing similar though weaker responses. TiO2 NMs did not induce a neutrophil response in either cell type. Interestingly, ZnO NMs readily induced activation of HL-60 cells but did not appear to activate primary cells. Our findings are relevant to the development of a tiered testing strategy for NM hazard assessment which promotes the use of non-rodent models. Whilst we acknowledge that HL-60 cells may not be a perfect substitute for primary cells and require further investigation regarding their ability to predict neutrophil activation, we recommend their use for initial screening of NM-induced inflammation. Primary human neutrophils can then be used for more focused assessments of neutrophil activation before progressing to in vivo models where necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Verdon
- Nano-Safety Research Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - David M Brown
- Nano-Safety Research Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Theodore Henry
- Nano-Safety Research Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lang Tran
- Statistics and Toxicology Section, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vicki Stone
- Nano-Safety Research Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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12
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Mangaonkar AA, Patnaik MM. Hereditary Predisposition to Hematopoietic Neoplasms: When Bloodline Matters for Blood Cancers. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:1482-1498. [PMID: 32571604 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of precision genomics, hereditary predisposition to hematopoietic neoplasms- collectively known as hereditary predisposition syndromes (HPS)-are being increasingly recognized in clinical practice. Familial clustering was first observed in patients with leukemia, which led to the identification of several germline variants, such as RUNX1, CEBPA, GATA2, ANKRD26, DDX41, and ETV6, among others, now established as HPS, with tendency to develop myeloid neoplasms. However, evidence for hereditary predisposition is also apparent in lymphoid and plasma--cell neoplasms, with recent discoveries of germline variants in genes such as IKZF1, SH2B3, PAX5 (familial acute lymphoblastic leukemia), and KDM1A/LSD1 (familial multiple myeloma). Specific inherited bone marrow failure syndromes-such as GATA2 haploinsufficiency syndromes, short telomere syndromes, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, severe congenital neutropenia, and familial thrombocytopenias-also have an increased predisposition to develop myeloid neoplasms, whereas inherited immune deficiency syndromes, such as ataxia-telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, Wiskott Aldrich syndrome, and Bruton agammaglobulinemia, are associated with an increased risk for lymphoid neoplasms. Timely recognition of HPS is critical to ensure safe choice of donors and/or conditioning-regimen intensity for allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and to enable direction of appropriate genomics-driven personalized therapies. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of HPS and serve as a useful reference for clinicians to recognize relevant signs and symptoms among patients to enable timely screening and referrals to pursue germline assessment. In addition, we also discuss our institutional approach toward identification of HPS and offer a stepwise diagnostic and management algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrinal M Patnaik
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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13
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Sasatsuki H, Nakazaki A, Uchida K, Shibata T. Quantitative analysis of oxidized vitamin B1 metabolites generated by hypochlorous acid. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:197-206. [PMID: 32201347 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine, a water-soluble essential vitamin known as vitamin B1, acts as an important cofactor in various cellular processes, such as metabolism and energy production. Thiamine is also thought to have antioxidant effects as a singlet oxygen scavenger and a lipid peroxidation inhibitor. However, the oxidation mechanism and oxidized metabolites of thiamine are not completely established. In the present study, we investigated the oxidative reactivity of thiamine and found that three products were formed upon the reaction of thiamine with hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Based on the NMR and high resolution mass spectrometric analysis, the HOCl-oxidized metabolites of thiamine were identified as formylaminopyrimidine (FAP), thiamine sulfonic acid (TSA), and thiamine sulfinic ester (TSE). To evaluate the formation of these oxidized metabolites in vivo, we established a specific method for quantification of the oxidized thiamine metabolites using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with a stable isotope dilution method. Using this method, it was shown that the oxidized thiamine metabolites were generated in the culture media of phorbol-12-myristate-acetate-treated neutrophil-like cells in a myeloperoxidase-dependent manner. Moreover, significantly higher amounts of FAP and TSE were detected in the lung tissues of the lipopolysaccharide-treated mice compared to the controls. These findings provide not only insights into the oxidative metabolism of thiamine, but also the possibility that the oxidized thiamine metabolites may be potential biomarkers for HOCl-related oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Sasatsuki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Atsuo Nakazaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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14
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17-β-estradiol enhances neutrophil extracellular trap formation by interaction with estrogen membrane receptor. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 663:64-70. [PMID: 30590021 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell death-associated neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) occurs during various autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as during gestation. Although increasing estrogen concentrations associated with pregnancy might induce NETosis via nuclear estrogen receptor (ERα/ERβ), little is known about the mechanisms associated with estrogen-induced NETosis. Here, we investigated the effects of estrogen (17-β-estradiol; E2) on NETosis, focusing on mechanisms associated with estrogen membrane receptor (GPR30) in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells. Our results show that E2 and the GPR30 agonist G-1 increases level of NETosis and NET formation. Moreover, NETosis-associated intracellular and extracellular histone citrullination and peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) expression were also increased by E2 or G-1 treatment. Furthermore, GPR30 antagonist pre-treatment inhibited increases in NETosis and PAD4 expression mediated by G-1 and partially inhibited these effects mediated by E2. These results demonstrate that E2 treatment induces NETosis via not only ERα/ERβ but also GPR30 in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells.
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15
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Citrate reduced oxidative damage in stem cells by regulating cellular redox signaling pathways and represent a potential treatment for oxidative stress-induced diseases. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101057. [PMID: 30576924 PMCID: PMC6302140 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical substances containing citrate such as calcium citrate, citrate esters and citric acid exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in different cells and tissues. However, data on the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and mechanisms of action of citrate are insufficient. In this study, we systematically evaluated the anti-oxidant capacity of citrate using chemical, cellular and animal assays. Citrate showed a stable molecular structure and did not directly react with oxides. Citrate exerted protective and anti-apoptotic effects on BMSCs and also showed significant inhibitory effects on the oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in the rat air pouch model. By using proteomics, we found that PPARγ contributed to the upregulation of various free radical scavenging proteins and the downregulation of diverse components of the inflammatory responses. Citrate-regulated global PPARγ expression was evidenced by the significant increase expression of PPARγ in PC12 cell line. Our results provide novel insights into the role of citrate in regulating cellular redox signaling and the function of PPARγ signaling in this process and also provide basic molecular cell biology information to improve the applications of biomaterials or stem cells as treatments for oxidative stress-induced degenerative diseases and inflammatory diseases. Citrate exerts anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in BMSCs and tissues. Citrate can upregulate and downregulate anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory proteins in BMSCs. Citrate can regulate anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory proteins via PPARγ dependent and independent pathways.
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16
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Wang X, Zhao J, Cai C, Tang X, Fu L, Zhang A, Han L. A Label-Free Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Mouse Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation Induced by Streptococcus suis or Phorbol Myristate Acetate (PMA). Front Immunol 2018; 9:2615. [PMID: 30555459 PMCID: PMC6282035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) ranks among the five most important porcine pathogens worldwide and occasionally threatens human health, particularly in people who come into close contact with pigs or pork products. An S. suis infection induces the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in vitro and in vivo, and the NET structure plays an essential role in S. suis clearance. However, the signaling pathway by which S. suis induces NET formation remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we used a label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of mouse NET formation induced by S. suis or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a robust NET inducer. Greater than 50% of the differentially expressed proteins in neutrophils infected by S. suis showed similar changes as observed following PMA stimulation, and PKC, NADPH oxidase, and MPO were required for NET formation induced by both stimuli. Because PMA induced robust NET formation while S. suis (MOI = 2) induced only weak NET formation, the association between the inducer and NET formation was worth considering. Interestingly, proteins involved in peptidase activity showed significant differential changes in response to each inducer. Of these peptidases, MMP-8 expression was obviously decreased in response to PMA, but it was not significantly changed in response to S. suis. A subsequent study further confirmed that MMP-8 activity was inversely correlated with NET formation induced by both stimuli. Therefore, the present study provides potentially important information about the manner by which neutrophils responded to the inducers to form NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Control, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Control, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Anding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Control, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Khandagale A, Lazzaretto B, Carlsson G, Sundin M, Shafeeq S, Römling U, Fadeel B. JAGN1 is required for fungal killing in neutrophil extracellular traps: Implications for severe congenital neutropenia. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:1199-1213. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0118-030rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Khandagale
- Division of Molecular ToxicologyInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Beatrice Lazzaretto
- Division of Molecular ToxicologyInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Göran Carlsson
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mikael Sundin
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sulman Shafeeq
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ute Römling
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular ToxicologyInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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18
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Gonzalez Gonzalez M, Cichon I, Scislowska-Czarnecka A, Kolaczkowska E. Challenges in 3D culturing of neutrophils: Assessment of cell viability. J Immunol Methods 2018; 457:73-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Small GTPase-dependent regulation of leukocyte-endothelial interactions in inflammation. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:649-658. [PMID: 29743277 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex biological response that serves to protect the body's tissues following harmful stimuli such as infection, irritation or injury and initiates tissue repair. At the start of an inflammatory response, pro-inflammatory mediators induce changes in the endothelial lining of the blood vessels and in leukocytes. This results in increased vascular permeability and increased expression of adhesion proteins, and promotes adhesion of leukocytes, especially neutrophils to the endothelium. Adhesion is a prerequisite for neutrophil extravasation and chemoattractant-stimulated recruitment to inflammatory sites, where neutrophils phagocytose and kill microbes, release inflammatory mediators and cross-talk with other immune cells to co-ordinate the immune response in preparation for tissue repair. Many signalling proteins are critically involved in the complex signalling processes that underpin the inflammatory response and cross-talk between endothelium and leukocytes. As key regulators of cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion, small GTPases (guanosine triphosphatases) act as important controls of neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions as well as neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation. Here, we summarise key processes that are dependent upon small GTPases in leukocytes during these early inflammatory events. We place a particular focus on the regulation of integrin-dependent events and their control by Rho and Rap family GTPases as well as their regulators during neutrophil adhesion, chemotaxis and recruitment.
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20
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Manda-Handzlik A, Bystrzycka W, Wachowska M, Sieczkowska S, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Demkow U, Ciepiela O. The influence of agents differentiating HL-60 cells toward granulocyte-like cells on their ability to release neutrophil extracellular traps. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:413-425. [PMID: 29380901 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studies on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are challenging as neutrophils live shortly and easily become activated. Thus, availability of a cell line model closely resembling the functions of peripheral blood neutrophils would be advantageous. Our purpose was to find a compound that most effectively differentiates human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells toward granulocyte-like cells able to release NETs. HL-60 cells were differentiated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or dimethylformamide (DMF) and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or calcium ionophore A23187 (CI). Cell differentiation, phagocytosis and calcium influx were analyzed by flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species production and NETs release were measured fluorometrically and analyzed microscopically. LC3-II accumulation and histone 3 citrullination were analyzed by western blot. ATRA most effectively differentiated HL-60 cells toward granulocyte-like cells. ATRA-dHL-60 cells released NETs only upon PMA stimulation, DMSO-dHL-60 cells only post CI stimulation, while DMF-dHL-60 cells formed NETs in response to both stimuli. Oxidative burst was induced in ATRA-, DMSO- and DMF-dHL-60 cells post PMA stimulation and only in DMF-dHL-60 cells post CI stimulation. Increased histone 3 citrullination was observed in stimulated DMSO- and DMF-, but not in ATRA-dHL-60 cells. The calcium influx was diminished in ATRA-dHL-60 cells. Significant increase in autophagosomes formation was observed only in PMA-stimulated DMF-dHL-60 cells. Phagocytic index was higher in ATRA-dHL-60 cells than in control, DMSO- and DMF-dHL-60 cells. We conclude that ATRA, DMSO and DMF differentiate HL-60 in different mechanisms. DMF is the best stimulus for HL-60 cell differentiation for NETs studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Manda-Handzlik
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Bystrzycka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wachowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sandra Sieczkowska
- Student Scientific Group at the Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Ciepiela
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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CLEC5A is a critical receptor in innate immunity against Listeria infection. Nat Commun 2017; 8:299. [PMID: 28824166 PMCID: PMC5563510 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin member 5A (CLEC5A) is a pattern recognition receptor for members of the Flavivirus family and has critical functions in response to dengue virus and Japanese encephalitis virus. Here we show that CLEC5A is involved in neutrophil extracellular trap formation and the production of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines in response to Listeria monocytogenes. Inoculation of Clec5a−/− mice with L. monocytogenes causes rapid bacterial spreading, increased bacterial loads in the blood and liver, and severe liver necrosis. In these mice, IL-1β, IL-17A, and TNF expression is inhibited, CCL2 is induced, and large numbers of CD11b+Ly6ChiCCR2hiCX3CR1low inflammatory monocytes infiltrate the liver. By day 5 of infection, these mice also have fewer IL-17A+ γδ T cells, severe liver necrosis and a higher chance of fatality. Thus, CLEC5A has a pivotal function in the activation of multiple aspects of innate immunity against bacterial invasion. The lectin receptor CLEC5A is a pattern recognition receptor that has been shown to detect dengue and Japanese encephalitis virus. Here the authors show that CLEC5A is needed for optimal ROS production, NET formation and other immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes in mice.
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Ramadass M, Catz SD. Molecular mechanisms regulating secretory organelles and endosomes in neutrophils and their implications for inflammation. Immunol Rev 2017; 273:249-65. [PMID: 27558339 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute the first line of cellular defense against invading microorganisms and modulate the subsequent innate and adaptive immune responses. In order to execute a rapid and precise response to infections, neutrophils rely on preformed effector molecules stored in a variety of intracellular granules. Neutrophil granules contain microbicidal factors, the membrane-bound components of the respiratory burst oxidase, membrane-bound adhesion molecules, and receptors that facilitate the execution of all neutrophil functions including adhesion, transmigration, phagocytosis, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. The rapid mobilization of intracellular organelles is regulated by vesicular trafficking mechanisms controlled by effector molecules that include small GTPases and their interacting proteins. In this review, we focus on recent discoveries of mechanistic processes that are at center stage of the regulation of neutrophil function, highlighting the discrete and selective pathways controlled by trafficking modulators. In particular, we describe novel pathways controlled by the Rab27a effectors JFC1 and Munc13-4 in the regulation of degranulation, reactive oxygen species and neutrophil extracellular trap production, and endolysosomal signaling. Finally, we discuss the importance of understanding these molecular mechanisms in order to design novel approaches to modulate neutrophil-mediated inflammatory processes in a targeted fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Ramadass
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sergio D Catz
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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23
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Hoppenbrouwers T, Autar ASA, Sultan AR, Abraham TE, van Cappellen WA, Houtsmuller AB, van Wamel WJB, van Beusekom HMM, van Neck JW, de Maat MPM. In vitro induction of NETosis: Comprehensive live imaging comparison and systematic review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176472. [PMID: 28486563 PMCID: PMC5423591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple inducers of in vitro Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) formation (NETosis) have been described. Since there is much variation in study design and results, our aim was to create a systematic review of NETosis inducers and perform a standardized in vitro study of NETosis inducers important in (cardiac) wound healing. METHODS In vitro NETosis was studied by incubating neutrophils with PMA, living and dead bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli), LPS, (activated) platelets (supernatant), glucose and calcium ionophore Ionomycin using 3-hour periods of time-lapse confocal imaging. RESULTS PMA is a consistent and potent inducer of NETosis. Ionomycin also consistently resulted in extrusion of DNA, albeit with a process that differs from the NETosis process induced by PMA. In our standardized experiments, living bacteria were also potent inducers of NETosis, but dead bacteria, LPS, (activated) platelets (supernatant) and glucose did not induce NETosis. CONCLUSION Our systematic review confirms that there is much variation in study design and results of NETosis induction. Our experimental results confirm that under standardized conditions, PMA, living bacteria and Ionomycin all strongly induce NETosis, but real-time confocal imaging reveal different courses of events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Hoppenbrouwers
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouchska S. A. Autar
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andi R. Sultan
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tsion E. Abraham
- Optical Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Willem J. B. van Wamel
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johan W. van Neck
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Ishiguro S, Uppalapati D, Goldsmith Z, Robertson D, Hodge J, Holt H, Nakashima A, Turner K, Tamura M. Exopolysaccharides extracted from Parachlorella kessleri inhibit colon carcinoma growth in mice via stimulation of host antitumor immune responses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175064. [PMID: 28380056 PMCID: PMC5381895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly purified extracellular polysaccharides (exopolysaccharides) from Parachlorella kessleri (PCEPS) were evaluated on their antitumor and immunomodulatory effects in cell culture and mouse colon carcinoma peritoneal dissemination model. In two-dimensional cell culture, the PCEPS treatment inhibited cell growth of both murine and human colon carcinoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In contrast, the growth of mouse splenocytes (SPLs) and bone marrow cells (BMCs) were stimulated by the treatment with PCEPS. The treatment with PCEPS also increased specific subpopulations of the cells in BMCs: antigen presenting cells (CD19+ B cells, 33D1+ dendritic cells and CD68+ macrophage) and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. In three-dimensional spheroid culture, spheroid growth of CT26 cells co-cultured with HL-60 human neutrophilic promyeloblasts and Jurkat cells (human lymphoblasts), but not THP-1 human monocyte/macrophage was significantly attenuated by PCEPS treatment. In a mouse CT26 colon carcinoma peritoneal dissemination model, intraperitoneal injection of PCEPS (10 mg/kg, twice per week) significantly attenuated the growth of CT26 colon carcinoma in syngeneic mice. The present study suggests that PCEPS inhibits colon carcinoma growth via direct cell growth inhibition and a stimulation of the host antitumor immune responses. Taken together, the current study suggests that exopolysaccharides derived from Parachlorella kessleri contain significant bioactive materials that inhibit colon carcinoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ishiguro
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Deepthi Uppalapati
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Zachary Goldsmith
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Dana Robertson
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jacob Hodge
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Hayley Holt
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Arashi Nakashima
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Katie Turner
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Masaaki Tamura
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Yaseen R, Blodkamp S, Lüthje P, Reuner F, Völlger L, Naim HY, von Köckritz-Blickwede M. Antimicrobial activity of HL-60 cells compared to primary blood-derived neutrophils against Staphylococcus aureus. J Negat Results Biomed 2017; 16:2. [PMID: 28214466 PMCID: PMC5316427 DOI: 10.1186/s12952-017-0067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human leukemia cell line HL-60 is considered an alternative cell culture model to study neutrophil differentiation and migration. The aim of this study was to characterize the suitability of HL-60 cells differentiated to neutrophil-like cells (nHL-60) as substitute for blood-derived human neutrophils to investigate the interaction of neutrophils with Staphylococcus aureus. Methods For this purpose, antimicrobial activity, bacterial uptake, production of reactive oxygen species and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by nHL-60 cells were analyzed and compared to primary blood-derived neutrophils using Staphylococcus aureus as important human and animal pathogen. Results Overall, the antimicrobial activities of nHL-60 cells were distinctly lower compared to blood-derived neutrophils. Furthermore, production of reactive oxygen species as well as NET formation was clearly impaired in nHL-60 cells. Conclusion This study indicates that HL-60 cells are of limited usage as an alternative model to study antimicrobial functions of neutrophils against Staphylococcus aureus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12952-017-0067-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragheda Yaseen
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30599, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Blodkamp
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30599, Hannover, Germany
| | - Petra Lüthje
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30599, Hannover, Germany.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Friederike Reuner
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30599, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Völlger
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30599, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30599, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30599, Hannover, Germany. .,Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30599, Hannover, Germany.
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26
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Ma R, Li T, Cao M, Si Y, Wu X, Zhao L, Yao Z, Zhang Y, Fang S, Deng R, Novakovic VA, Bi Y, Kou J, Yu B, Yang S, Wang J, Zhou J, Shi J. Extracellular DNA traps released by acute promyelocytic leukemia cells through autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2283. [PMID: 27362801 PMCID: PMC5108337 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells exhibit disrupted regulation of cell death and differentiation, and therefore the fate of these leukemic cells is unclear. Here, we provide the first evidence that a small percentage of APL cells undergo a novel cell death pathway by releasing extracellular DNA traps (ETs) in untreated patients. Both APL and NB4 cells stimulated with APL serum had nuclear budding of vesicles filled with chromatin that leaked to the extracellular space when nuclear and cell membranes ruptured. Using immunofluorescence, we found that NB4 cells undergoing ETosis extruded lattice-like structures with a DNA-histone backbone. During all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced cell differentiation, a subset of NB4 cells underwent ETosis at days 1 and 3 of treatment. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly elevated at 3 days, and combined treatment with TNF-α and IL-6 stimulated NB4 cells to release ETs. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy by pharmacological inhibitors or by small interfering RNA against Atg7 attenuated LC3 autophagy formation and significantly decreased ET generation. Our results identify a previously unrecognized mechanism for death in promyelocytes and suggest that ATRA may accelerate ET release through increased cytokines and autophagosome formation. Targeting this cellular death pathway in addition to conventional chemotherapy may provide new therapeutic modalities for APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ma
- Department of Hematology of the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - T Li
- Department of Hematology of the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - M Cao
- Department of Hematology of the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Y Si
- Department of Hematology of the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - X Wu
- Department of Hematology of the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Hematology of the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Z Yao
- Department of Hematology of the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Hematology of the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - S Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - R Deng
- Department of Hematology of the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - V A Novakovic
- Department of Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, VA Boston Healthcare System, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Bi
- Department of Cardiology of the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - J Kou
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - B Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - S Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Hematology of the Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Hematology of the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - J Shi
- Department of Hematology of the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, VA Boston Healthcare System, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Qin Y, Zhang L, Xu Z, Zhang J, Jiang YY, Cao Y, Yan T. Innate immune cell response upon Candida albicans infection. Virulence 2016; 7:512-26. [PMID: 27078171 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1138201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a polymorphic fungus which is the predominant cause of superficial and deep tissue fungal infections. This microorganism has developed efficient strategies to invade the host and evade host defense systems. However, the host immune system will be prepared for defense against the microbe by recognition of receptors, activation of signal transduction pathways and cooperation of immune cells. As a consequence, C. albicans could either be eliminated by immune cells rapidly or disseminate hematogenously, leading to life-threatening systemic infections. The interplay between Candida albicans and the host is complex, requiring recognition of the invaded pathogens, activation of intricate pathways and collaboration of various immune cells. In this review, we will focus on the effects of innate immunity that emphasize the first line protection of host defense against invaded C. albicans including the basis of receptor-mediated recognition and the mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Qin
- a Research and Develop Center of New Drug, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- a Research and Develop Center of New Drug, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Zheng Xu
- a Research and Develop Center of New Drug, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- a Research and Develop Center of New Drug, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuan-Ying Jiang
- a Research and Develop Center of New Drug, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yongbing Cao
- a Research and Develop Center of New Drug, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Tianhua Yan
- b Department of Pharmacology , School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
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28
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Björnsdottir H, Welin A, Michaëlsson E, Osla V, Berg S, Christenson K, Sundqvist M, Dahlgren C, Karlsson A, Bylund J. Neutrophil NET formation is regulated from the inside by myeloperoxidase-processed reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:1024-35. [PMID: 26459032 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are mesh-like DNA fibers clad with intracellular proteins that are cast out from neutrophils in response to certain stimuli. The process is thought to depend on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the phagocyte NADPH-oxidase and the ROS-modulating granule enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), but when, how, and where these factors contribute is so far uncertain. The neutrophil NADPH-oxidase can be activated at different cellular sites and ROS may be produced and processed by MPO within intracellular granules, even in situations where a phagosome is not formed, e.g., upon stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). OBJECTIVES We investigated the subcellular location of ROS production and processing by MPO in the context of PMA-induced NET formation. RESULTS Complete neutralization of extracellular ROS was not sufficient to block NET formation triggered by PMA, indicating that intragranular ROS are critical for NETosis. Employing a set of novel MPO-inhibitors, inhibition of NET formation correlated with inhibition of intragranular MPO activity. Also, extracellular addition of MPO was not sufficient to rescue NET formation in completely MPO-deficient neutrophils and specific neutralization by luminol of MPO-processed ROS within intracellular granules led to a complete block of PMA-triggered NET formation. CONCLUSION We show for the first time that inhibition of intragranular MPO activity, or neutralization of intragranular MPO-processed ROS by luminol effectively block NET formation. Our data demonstrate that ROS must be formed and processed by MPO in order to trigger NET formation, and that these events have to occur within intracellular granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halla Björnsdottir
- The Phagocyte Research Group, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amanda Welin
- The Phagocyte Research Group, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Michaëlsson
- Department of Bioscience, CVMD iMed, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Veronica Osla
- The Phagocyte Research Group, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Berg
- Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- The Phagocyte Research Group, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- The Phagocyte Research Group, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- The Phagocyte Research Group, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson
- The Phagocyte Research Group, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bylund
- The Phagocyte Research Group, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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29
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Stoiber W, Obermayer A, Steinbacher P, Krautgartner WD. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the Formation of Extracellular Traps (ETs) in Humans. Biomolecules 2015; 5:702-23. [PMID: 25946076 PMCID: PMC4496692 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular traps (ETs) are reticulate structures of extracellular DNA associated with antimicrobial molecules. Their formation by phagocytes (mainly by neutrophils: NETs) has been identified as an essential element of vertebrate innate immune defense. However, as ETs are also toxic to host cells and potent triggers of autoimmunity, their role between pathogen defense and human pathogenesis is ambiguous, and they contribute to a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Since the discovery of ET formation (ETosis) a decade ago, evidence has accumulated that most reaction cascades leading to ET release involve ROS. An important new facet was added when it became apparent that ETosis might be directly linked to, or be a variant of, the autophagy cell death pathway. The present review analyzes the evidence to date on the interplay between ROS, autophagy and ETosis, and highlights and discusses several further aspects of the ROS-ET relationship that are incompletely understood. These aspects include the role of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS, the molecular requirements of NADPH oxidase-dependent ETosis, the roles of NADPH oxidase subtypes, extracellular ROS and of ROS from sources other than NADPH oxidase, and the present evidence for ROS-independent ETosis. We conclude that ROS interact with ETosis in a multidimensional manner, with influence on whether ETosis shows beneficial or detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Stoiber
- Biomedical Ultrastructure Research Group, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria.
| | - Astrid Obermayer
- Biomedical Ultrastructure Research Group, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria.
| | - Peter Steinbacher
- Biomedical Ultrastructure Research Group, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria.
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Krautgartner
- Biomedical Ultrastructure Research Group, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria.
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30
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Boe DM, Curtis BJ, Chen MM, Ippolito JA, Kovacs EJ. Extracellular traps and macrophages: new roles for the versatile phagocyte. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:1023-35. [PMID: 25877927 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4ri1014-521r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MΦ are multipurpose phagocytes with a large repertoire of well-characterized abilities and functions, including regulation of inflammation, wound healing, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, as well as serving as an integral component of the innate-immune defense against microbial pathogens. Working along with neutrophils and dendritic cells, the other myeloid-derived professional phagocytes, MΦ are one of the key effector cells initiating and directing the host reaction to pathogenic organisms and resolving subsequent responses once the threat has been cleared. ETs are a relatively novel strategy of host defense involving expulsion of nuclear material and embedded proteins from immune cells to immobilize and kill bacteria, fungi, and viruses. As research on ETs expands, it has begun to encompass many immune cell types in unexpected ways, including various types of MΦ, which are not only capable of generating METs in response to various stimuli, but recent preclinical data suggest that they are an important agent in clearing ETs and limiting ET-mediated inflammation and tissue damage. This review aims to summarize historical and recent findings of biologic research regarding ET formation and function and discuss the role of MΦ in ET physiology and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin M Boe
- *Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Brenda J Curtis
- *Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael M Chen
- *Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Jill A Ippolito
- *Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- *Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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31
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Catz SD. The role of Rab27a in the regulation of neutrophil function. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:1301-10. [PMID: 24964030 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are central regulators of the innate immune response and help shape the adaptive immune response. Malfunction and unregulated neutrophil activation leads to disease and inflammation. During the host response to infection, neutrophils display several mechanisms of defense mediated by their arsenal of granular proteins. Regulation of granular trafficking, docking and fusion is at the core of the neutrophil defense response to pathogens. The small GTPase Rab27a has emerged as a central regulator of the neutrophil response through its tight control of vesicular trafficking and degranulation. This review focuses on the latest research that has led to the characterization of Rab27a as an essential regulator of neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D Catz
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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32
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Abstract
Systemic infection caused by Candida species is the fourth leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infection in modern hospitals and carries high morbidity and mortality despite antifungal therapy. A recent surge of immunological studies in the mouse models of systemic candidiasis and the parallel discovery and phenotypic characterization of inherited genetic disorders in antifungal immune factors that are associated with enhanced susceptibility or resistance to the infection have provided new insights into the cellular and molecular basis of protective innate immune responses against Candida. In this review, the new developments in our understanding of how the mammalian immune system responds to systemic Candida challenge are synthesized and important future research directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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