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Plum MTW, Cheung HC, Iscar PR, Chen Y, Gan YH, Basler M. Burkholderia thailandensis uses a type VI secretion system to lyse protrusions without triggering host cell responses. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:676-692.e5. [PMID: 38640929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
To spread within a host, intracellular Burkholderia form actin tails to generate membrane protrusions into neighboring host cells and use type VI secretion system-5 (T6SS-5) to induce cell-cell fusions. Here, we show that B. thailandensis also uses T6SS-5 to lyse protrusions to directly spread from cell to cell. Dynamin-2 recruitment to the membrane near a bacterium was followed by a short burst of T6SS-5 activity. This resulted in the polymerization of the actin of the newly invaded host cell and disruption of the protrusion membrane. Most protrusion lysis events were dependent on dynamin activity, caused no cell-cell fusion, and failed to be recognized by galectin-3. T6SS-5 inactivation decreased protrusion lysis but increased galectin-3, LC3, and LAMP1 accumulation in host cells. Our results indicate that B. thailandensis specifically activates T6SS-5 assembly in membrane protrusions to disrupt host cell membranes and spread without alerting cellular responses, such as autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoi Ching Cheung
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Yahua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Yunn-Hwen Gan
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Marek Basler
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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2
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Raab JE, Hamilton DJ, Harju TB, Huynh TN, Russo BC. Pushing boundaries: mechanisms enabling bacterial pathogens to spread between cells. Infect Immun 2024:e0052423. [PMID: 38661369 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00524-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
For multiple intracellular bacterial pathogens, the ability to spread directly into adjacent epithelial cells is an essential step for disease in humans. For pathogens such as Shigella, Listeria, Rickettsia, and Burkholderia, this intercellular movement frequently requires the pathogens to manipulate the host actin cytoskeleton and deform the plasma membrane into structures known as protrusions, which extend into neighboring cells. The protrusion is then typically resolved into a double-membrane vacuole (DMV) from which the pathogen quickly escapes into the cytosol, where additional rounds of intercellular spread occur. Significant progress over the last few years has begun to define the mechanisms by which intracellular bacterial pathogens spread. This review highlights the interactions of bacterial and host factors that drive mechanisms required for intercellular spread with a focus on how protrusion structures form and resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Raab
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Desmond J Hamilton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Tucker B Harju
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Thao N Huynh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian C Russo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
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3
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Dhanda AS, Guttman JA. Localization of host endocytic and actin-associated proteins during Shigella flexneri intracellular motility and intercellular spreading. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 306:1088-1110. [PMID: 35582740 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri), the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, uses an effector-mediated strategy to hijack host cells and cause disease. To propagate and spread within human tissues, S. flexneri bacteria commandeer the host actin cytoskeleton to generate slender actin-rich comet tails to move intracellularly, and later, plasma membrane actin-based protrusions to move directly between adjacent host cells. To facilitate intercellular bacterial spreading, large micron-sized endocytic-like membrane invaginations form at the periphery of neighboring host cells that come into contact with S. flexneri-containing membrane protrusions. While S. flexneri comet tails and membrane protrusions consist primarily of host actin cytoskeletal proteins, S. flexneri membrane invaginations remain poorly understood with only clathrin and the clathrin adapter epsin-1 localized to the structures. Tangentially, we recently reported that Listeria monocytogenes, another actin-hijacking pathogen, exploits an assortment of caveolar and actin-bundling proteins at their micron-sized membrane invaginations formed during their cell-to-cell movement. Thus, to further characterize the S. flexneri disease process, we set out to catalog the distribution of a variety of actin-associated and caveolar proteins during S. flexneri actin-based motility and cell-to-cell spreading. Here we show that actin-associated proteins found at L. monocytogenes comet tails and membrane protrusions mimic those present at S. flexneri comet tails with the exception of α-actinins 1 and 4, which were shed from S. flexneri membrane protrusions. We also demonstrate that all known host endocytic components found at L. monocytogenes membrane invaginations are also present at those formed during S. flexneri infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Singh Dhanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julian Andrew Guttman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Helbig KJ, Teh MY, Crosse KM, Monson EA, Smith M, Tran EN, Standish AJ, Morona R, Beard MR. The interferon stimulated gene viperin, restricts Shigella. flexneri in vitro. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15598. [PMID: 31666594 PMCID: PMC6821890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of interferon and interferon stimulated genes (ISG) in limiting bacterial infection is controversial, and the role of individual ISGs in the control of the bacterial life-cycle is limited. Viperin, is a broad acting anti-viral ISGs, which restricts multiple viral pathogens with diverse mechanisms. Viperin is upregulated early in some bacterial infections, and using the intracellular bacterial pathogen, S. flexneri, we have shown for the first time that viperin inhibits the intracellular bacterial life cycle. S. flexneri replication in cultured cells induced a predominantly type I interferon response, with an early increase in viperin expression. Ectopic expression of viperin limited S. flexneri cellular numbers by as much as 80% at 5hrs post invasion, with similar results also obtained for the intracellular pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. Analysis of viperins functional domains required for anti-bacterial activity revealed the importance of both viperin's N-terminal, and its radical SAM enzymatic function. Live imaging of S. flexneri revealed impeded entry into viperin expressing cells, which corresponded to a loss of cellular cholesterol. This data further defines viperin's multi-functional role, to include the ability to limit intracellular bacteria; and highlights the role of ISGs and the type I IFN response in the control of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Helbig
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - M Y Teh
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - K M Crosse
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E A Monson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Smith
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E N Tran
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - A J Standish
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - R Morona
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - M R Beard
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
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Smart release of doxorubicin loaded on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surface with 3D porous structure. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 163:175-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Ge N, Wang D, Peng F, Li J, Qiao Y, Liu X. Poly(styrenesulfonate)-Modified Ni-Ti Layered Double Hydroxide Film: A Smart Drug-Eluting Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:24491-24501. [PMID: 27579782 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug-eluting stents (DESs) are widely used in the palliative treatment of many kinds of cancers. However, the covered polymers used in DESs are usually associated with stent migration and acute cholecystitis. Therefore, developing noncovered drug-loading layers on metal stents is of great importance. In this work, Ni-Ti layered double hydroxide (Ni-Ti LDH) films were prepared on the surface of nitinol via hydrothermal treatment, and the LDH films were further modified by poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS). The anticancer drug doxorubicin could be effectively loaded onto the modified films, and drug release could be smartly controlled by the pH. Besides, the drug absorption amounts of cancer cells cultured on the films could be effectively improved. These results indicate that the PSS-modified LDH film may become a promising drug-loading platform that can be used in the design of DESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijian Ge
- Intervention Center, Eastern Hepatobilialy Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Feng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yuqin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
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Banerjee S, Ninkovic J, Meng J, Sharma U, Ma J, Charboneau R, Roy S. Morphine compromises bronchial epithelial TLR2/IL17R signaling crosstalk, necessary for lung IL17 homeostasis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11384. [PMID: 26072707 PMCID: PMC4466887 DOI: 10.1038/srep11384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Opportunistic lung infection and inflammation is a hallmark of chronic recreational/clinical use of morphine. We show that early induction of IL17 from the bronchial epithelium, following pathogenic encounter is a protective response, which contributes to pathogenic clearance and currently attributed to TLR2 activation in immune cells. Concurrent activation of TLR2 and IL17R in bronchial epithelium results in the sequestration of MyD88 (TLR2 adapter) by Act1/CIKS (IL17R adapter), thereby turning off TLR2 signaling to restore homeostasis. Morphine inhibits the early IL17 release and interaction between Act1 and MyD88, leading to decreased pathogenic clearance and sustained inflammation. Hence, we propose that therapeutically targeting either TLR2 or IL17 in bronchial epithelia, in the context of morphine, can restore inflammatory homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Banerjee
- Surgery, Basic and Translational Research, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jana Ninkovic
- Surgery, Basic and Translational Research, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jingjing Meng
- Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Umakant Sharma
- Surgery, Basic and Translational Research, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Surgery, Basic and Translational Research, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Richard Charboneau
- Surgery, Basic and Translational Research, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sabita Roy
- Surgery, Basic and Translational Research, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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8
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Tran ENH, Attridge SR, Teh MY, Morona R. Shigella flexneri cell-to-cell spread, and growth and inflammation in mice, is limited by the outer membrane protease IcsP. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv088. [PMID: 26025071 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Shigella flexneri autotransporter protein IcsA is essential for intra- and intercellular spread, and icsA mutants are attenuated in several models. However, the pathogenic significance of the outer membrane protease IcsP, which orchestrates the polar distribution of IcsA on the bacterial surface, remains unclear. To further examine this point, we constructed icsP mutants in the two most commonly studied S. flexneri strains and evaluated their in vitro and in vivo performance relative to wild type. Both icsP mutants showed aberrant surface distribution of IcsA, but the in vitro consequences depended upon the cell line being used to assess bacterial motility and plaque formation. Evaluating the behaviour of the mutants in two mouse models suggested functional expression of icsP might limit bacterial persistence and the associated inflammation in host tissues, consistent with the findings in one of the three cell lines used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ngoc Hoa Tran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Stephen R Attridge
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Min Yan Teh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Renato Morona
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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9
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Preta G, Lotti V, Cronin JG, Sheldon IM. Protective role of the dynamin inhibitor Dynasore against the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin of Trueperella pyogenes. FASEB J 2014; 29:1516-28. [PMID: 25550455 PMCID: PMC4396600 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-265207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The virulence of many Gram-positive bacteria depends on cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs), which form pores in eukaryotic cell plasma membranes. Pyolysin (PLO) from Trueperella pyogenes provided a unique opportunity to explore cellular responses to CDCs because it does not require thiol activation. Sublytic concentrations of PLO stimulated phosphorylation of MAPK ERK and p38 in primary stromal cells, and induced autophagy as determined by protein light-chain 3B cleavage. Although, inhibitors of MAPK or autophagy did not affect PLO-induced cytolysis. However, 10 μM 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-hydrazide (Dynasore), a dynamin guanosine 5′-triphosphatase inhibitor, protected stromal cells against PLO-induced cytolysis as determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (85 ± 17% versus 50 ± 9% cell viability), measuring extracellular ATP, and kinetic assays. This was a generalized mechanism because Dynasore also protected HeLa cells against streptolysin O. Furthermore, the effect was reversible, with stromal cell sensitivity to PLO restored within 30 minutes of Dynasore removal. The protective effect of Dynasore was not conferred by dynamin inhibition, induction of ERK phosphorylation, or Dynasore binding to PLO. Rather, Dynasore reduced cellular cholesterol and disrupted plasma membrane lipid rafts, similar to positive control methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Dynasore is a tractable tool to explore the complexity of cholesterol homeostasis in eukaryotic cells and to develop strategies to counter CDCs.—Preta, G., Lotti, V., Cronin, J. G., and Sheldon, I. M. Protective role of the dynamin inhibitor Dynasore against the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin of Trueperella pyogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Preta
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Lotti
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - I Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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Lum M, Morona R. Myosin IIA is essential for Shigella flexneri cell-to-cell spread. Pathog Dis 2014; 72:174-87. [PMID: 24989342 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A key feature of Shigella pathogenesis is the ability to spread from cell-to-cell post-invasion. This is dependent on the bacteria's ability to initiate de novo F-actin tail polymerisation, followed by protrusion formation, uptake of bacteria-containing protrusion and finally, lysis of the double membrane vacuole in the adjacent cell. In epithelial cells, cytoskeletal tension is maintained by the actin-myosin II networks. In this study, the role of myosin II and its specific kinase, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), during Shigella intercellular spreading was investigated in HeLa cells. Inhibition of MLCK and myosin II, as well as myosin IIA knockdown, significantly reduced Shigella plaque and infectious focus formation. Protrusion formation and intracellular bacterial growth was not affected. Low levels of myosin II were localised to the Shigella F-actin tail. HeLa cells were also infected with Shigella strains defective in cell-to-cell spreading. Unexpectedly loss of myosin IIA labelling was observed in HeLa cells infected with these mutant strains. This phenomenon was not observed with WT Shigella or with the less abundant myosin IIB isoform, suggesting a critical role for myosin IIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Lum
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Lum M, Morona R. Dynamin-related protein Drp1 and mitochondria are important for Shigella flexneri infection. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:530-41. [PMID: 24755420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella infection in epithelial cells induces cell death which is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study the role of the mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1 during Shigella infection in HeLa cells was examined. Significant lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was detected in the culture supernatant when HeLa cells were infected with Shigella at a high multiplicity of infection. Drp1 inhibition with Mdivi-1 and siRNA knockdown significantly reduced LDH release. HeLa cell death was also accompanied by mitochondrial fragmentation. Tubular mitochondrial networks were partially restored when Drp1 was depleted with either siRNA or inhibited with Mdivi-1. Surprisingly either Mdivi-1 treatment or Drp1 siRNA-depletion of HeLa cells also reduced Shigella plaque formation. The effect of Mdivi-1 on Shigella infection was assessed using the murine Sereny model, however it had no impact on ocular inflammation. Overall our results suggest that Drp1 and the mitochondria play important roles during Shigella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Lum
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Renato Morona
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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