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Nordin ML, Azemi AK, Nordin AH, Nabgan W, Ng PY, Yusoff K, Abu N, Lim KP, Zakaria ZA, Ismail N, Azmi F. Peptide-Based Vaccine against Breast Cancer: Recent Advances and Prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:923. [PMID: 37513835 PMCID: PMC10386531 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is considered the second-leading cancer after lung cancer and is the most prevalent cancer among women globally. Currently, cancer immunotherapy via vaccine has gained great attention due to specific and targeted immune cell activity that creates a potent immune response, thus providing long-lasting protection against the disease. Despite peptides being very susceptible to enzymatic degradation and poor immunogenicity, they can be easily customized with selected epitopes to induce a specific immune response and particulate with carriers to improve their delivery and thus overcome their weaknesses. With advances in nanotechnology, the peptide-based vaccine could incorporate other components, thereby modulating the immune system response against breast cancer. Considering that peptide-based vaccines seem to show remarkably promising outcomes against cancer, this review focuses on and provides a specific view of peptide-based vaccines used against breast cancer. Here, we discuss the benefits associated with a peptide-based vaccine, which can be a mainstay in the prevention and recurrence of breast cancer. Additionally, we also report the results of recent trials as well as plausible prospects for nanotechnology against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Luqman Nordin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Khusairi Azemi
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Abu Hassan Nordin
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Walid Nabgan
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pei Yuen Ng
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- National Institutes of Biotechnology, Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, Jalan Bangi, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Ya'acob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kue Peng Lim
- Cancer Immunology & Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, No. 1 Jalan SS12/1A, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Borneo Research on Algesia, Inflammation and Neurodegeneration (BRAIN) Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Noraznawati Ismail
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Fazren Azmi
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Dima D, Jiang D, Singh DJ, Hasipek M, Shah HS, Ullah F, Khouri J, Maciejewski JP, Jha BK. Multiple Myeloma Therapy: Emerging Trends and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174082. [PMID: 36077618 PMCID: PMC9454959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex hematologic malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow that secrete large amounts of immunoglobulins and other non-functional proteins. Despite decades of progress and several landmark therapeutic advancements, MM remains incurable in most cases. Standard of care frontline therapies have limited durable efficacy, with the majority of patients eventually relapsing, either early or later. Induced drug resistance via up-modulations of signaling cascades that circumvent the effect of drugs and the emergence of genetically heterogeneous sub-clones are the major causes of the relapsed-refractory state of MM. Cytopenias from cumulative treatment toxicity and disease refractoriness limit therapeutic options, hence creating an urgent need for innovative approaches effective against highly heterogeneous myeloma cell populations. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the current and future treatment paradigm of MM, and highlight the gaps in therapeutic translations of recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of emerging preclinical research in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Dima
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Dongxu Jiang
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Divya Jyoti Singh
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Metis Hasipek
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Haikoo S. Shah
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Fauzia Ullah
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jack Khouri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Babal K. Jha
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence:
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Martinez-Carrasco R, Argüeso P, Fini ME. Membrane-associated mucins of the human ocular surface in health and disease. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:313-330. [PMID: 33775913 PMCID: PMC8328898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucins are a family of high molecular weight, heavily-glycosylated proteins produced by wet epithelial tissues, including the ocular surface epithelia. Densely-packed O-linked glycan chains added post-translationally confer the biophysical properties of hydration, lubrication, anti-adhesion and repulsion. Membrane-associated mucins (MAMs) are the distinguishing components of the mucosal glycocalyx. At the ocular surface, MAMs maintain wetness, lubricate the blink, stabilize the tear film, and create a physical barrier to the outside world. In addition, it is increasingly appreciated that MAMs function as cell surface receptors that transduce information from the outside to the inside of the cell. Recently, our team published a comprehensive review/perspectives article for molecular scientists on ocular surface MAMs, including previously unpublished data and analyses on two new genes MUC21 and MUC22, as well as new MAM functions and biological roles, comparing human and mouse (PMID: 31493487). The current article is a refocus for the audience of The Ocular Surface. First, we update the gene and protein information in a more concise form, and include a new section on glycosylation. Next, we discuss biological roles, with some new sections and further updating from our previous review. Finally, we provide a new chapter on MAM involvement in ocular surface disease. We end this with discussion of an emerging mechanism responsible for damage to the epithelia and their mucosal glycocalyces: the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR offers a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Martinez-Carrasco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School at Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass, Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - M Elizabeth Fini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center: Program in Pharmacology & Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, O2111, USA.
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Chen XR, Yuan HH, Guo JH, Zhang WY, Li QQ, Huang GD, Zhang YJ, Jiang B, Liu F. A signal peptide derived from Hsp60 induces protective cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunity against lymphoid malignancies independently of TAP and classical MHC-I. Cancer Lett 2020; 494:47-57. [PMID: 32829008 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hsp60sp, a signal peptide derived from the leader sequence of heat shock protein 60 kDa (Hsp60), is a Qa-1/HLA-E-binding peptide. We previously showed that Hsp60sp-specific CD8+ T cells are involved in the immunoregulation of autoimmune diseases by controlling the response of self-reactive lymphocytes. Here, we report that Hsp60sp-specific CD8+ T cells killed malignant lymphocytes in vitro independently of transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) and classical MHC-I expression. Induction of this cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in vivo, either by adoptive transfer of in vitro-amplified CTLs or peptide-loaded dendritic cell immunization, resulted in effective control of lymphoid tumors, including TAP- or classical MHC-I-deficient cells. Hsp60sp-specific immune activation combined with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blocking synergistically restrained mouse lymphoma development. Importantly, Hsp60sp-specific CD8+ T cells did not negatively affect normal tissues and cells. Our data suggest that Hsp60sp-based immunotherapy is an inviting strategy to control lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Rui Chen
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China
| | - Hai-Hua Yuan
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China
| | - Jia-Hui Guo
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China
| | - Wen-Ying Zhang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China
| | - Qian-Qian Li
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China
| | - Guo-Ding Huang
- Oncology Department, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yan-Jie Zhang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China.
| | - Bin Jiang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China; Oncology Department, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan Province, China.
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miR-485-5p inhibits the progression of breast cancer cells by negatively regulating MUC1. Breast Cancer 2020; 27:765-775. [PMID: 32144736 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of miR-485-5p inhibiting breast cancer cells by targeting MUC1. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in breast cancer tissues were analyzed using breast cancer tissue microarrays (TMA) in the GEO database. Differential expression of MUC1 in breast cancer tissue samples was detected by TCGA database. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of MUC1 and miR-485-5p in human normal breast epithelial cell lines and human breast cancer cell lines. Bioinformatics was applied to analyze targeted binding site of miR-485-5p and MUC1 and their targeted relationship was identified by dual luciferase assay. The proliferation ability of breast cancer cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The ability of cell migration was measured by scratch healing test. Transwell assay was used to detect the invasion ability of cells. The protein expression levels of MUC1 and EMT-related molecules (E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin) were detected by Western blot. RESULTS MUC1 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissue samples and breast cancer cell lines, while miR-485-5p was lowly expressed. Overexpression of miR-485-5p inhibits cell viability and invasion and migration of breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and promotes apoptosis. The same results were obtained by silencing the expression of MUC1. MiR-485-5p targets to bind to the 3'-UTR region of MUC1 and negatively regulates the expression of MUC1. Overexpressing MUC1 while overexpressing miR-485-5p reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-485-5p on breast cancer and inhibited EMT. CONCLUSION MiR-485-5p can down-regulate the expression of MUC1, thus inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells and promote cell apoptosis.
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Hernández-Ramírez J, Wong-Arce A, González-Ortega O, Rosales-Mendoza S. Expression in algae of a chimeric protein carrying several epitopes from tumor associated antigens. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:46-52. [PMID: 31923507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies for cancer treatment constitute promising avenues to fight this global health issue. Algae can be used as both biofactories and delivery vehicles of vaccines; having low cost, fast growth, enhanced safety, and adjuvant effects as advantages. In the present study a multiepitope protein, called BCB, was designed as an attractive approach to develop new cancer immunotherapies. The BCB protein targets epitopes from the following tumor-associated antigens: human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), mucin-like glycoprotein 1 (MUC1), Wilms' tumor antigen (WT1), and mammaglobin. Moreover, the BCB protein is based on the B subunit of the heat labile E. coli enterotoxin as immunogenic carrier to brake tolerance against self-antigens. A synthetic BCB-coding gene was obtained and expressed in Schizochytrium sp. using the Algevir system. The BCB protein was successfully expressed in transformed algae at levels up to 637 μg/g fresh weight, retaining the GM1-binding activity. The algae-made BCB showed reactivity towards an anti-serum against the tumor cell line 4T1; evidencing its antigenicity. Moreover the immunogenicity was evidenced in mice immunized with BCB, which developed serum IgG antibodies reacting against the 4T1 lysate. This study constitutes the first step in the development of innovative algae-based vaccines against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Hernández-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Wong-Arce
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Omar González-Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico.
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Chen X, Zhao J, Chen T, Gao T, Zhu X, Li G. Nondestructive Analysis of Tumor-Associated Membrane Protein Integrating Imaging and Amplified Detection in situ Based on Dual-Labeled DNAzyme. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1075-1083. [PMID: 29464000 PMCID: PMC5817111 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of the expression level and location of tumor-associated membrane proteins (TMPs) is of vital importance for the profiling of tumor cells. Currently, two kinds of independent techniques, i.e. ex situ detection and in situ imaging, are usually required for the quantification and localization of TMPs respectively, resulting in some inevitable problems. Methods: Herein, based on a well-designed and fluorophore-labeled DNAzyme, we develop an integrated and facile method, in which imaging and quantification of TMPs in situ are achieved simultaneously in a single system. The labeled DNAzyme not only produces localized fluorescence for the visualization of TMPs but also catalyzes the cleavage of a substrate to produce quantitative fluorescent signals that can be collected from solution for the sensitive detection of TMPs. Results: Results from the DNAzyme-based in situ imaging and quantification of TMPs match well with traditional immunofluorescence and western blotting. In addition to the advantage of two-in-one, the DNAzyme-based method is highly sensitivity, allowing the detection of TMPs in only 100 cells. Moreover, the method is nondestructive. Cells after analysis could retain their physiological activity and could be cultured for other applications. Conclusion: The integrated system provides solid results for both imaging and quantification of TMPs, making it a competitive method over some traditional techniques for the analysis of TMPs, which offers potential application as a toolbox in the future.
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Li X, Bu X. Progress in Vaccine Therapies for Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:315-330. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Goswami M, Hourigan CS. Novel Antigen Targets for Immunotherapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Curr Drug Targets 2017; 18:296-303. [PMID: 25706110 DOI: 10.2174/1389450116666150223120005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was the first malignancy for which immunotherapy, in the form of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), was integrated into the standard of care. Allo-HSCT however is an imperfect therapy associated with significant morbidity and mortality while offering only incomplete prevention of AML clinical relapse. These limitations have motivated the search for AML-related antigens that might be used as more specific and effective targets of immunotherapy. While historically such investigations have focused on protein targets expressed uniquely in AML or at significantly higher levels than in normal tissues, this article will review recent discoveries which have identified a novel selection of potential antigen targets for AML immunotherapy, such as non-protein targets including lipids and carbohydrates, neo-antigens created from genetic somatic mutations or altered splicing and post-translational modification of protein targets, together with innovative ways to target overexpressed protein targets presented by cell surface peptide-MHC complexes. These novel antigens represent promising candidates for further development as targets of AML immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghali Goswami
- Myeloid Malignancies Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Room 6C-104, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1583, United States
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Tang Y, Cui X, Xiao H, Qi S, Hu X, Yu Q, Shi G, Zhang X, Gu J, Yu Y, Wang L, Li Y. Binding of circulating anti-MUC1 antibody and serum MUC1 antigen in stage IV breast cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2659-2664. [PMID: 28447743 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the binding of circulating mucin 1 (MUC1) antibody with serum MUC1 antigen in stage IV breast cancer. Serum samples of 61 patients with stage IV breast cancer and 64 patients with early-stage breast cancer were collected. The anti‑MUC1 antibody (IgG) and MUC1 antigen (cancer antigen 15‑3; Ca15‑3) were detected using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I‑ELISA) and ELISA, respectively. The MUC1 IgG affinity was detected using a urea degradation combining ELISA. Western blot analysis and an inhibition test were performed for verification of the binding of anti‑MUC1 IgG with MUC1 antigen, and their correlation was analyzed. The results showed that there was a negative correlation between anti‑MUC1 IgG and CA15‑3 antigen in stage IV breast cancer when positive CA15‑3 antigen and/or anti‑MUC1 IgG were selected (r=‑0.417; P=0.0044). The positive anti‑MUC1 IgG with positive Ca15‑3 antigen was more common in stage IV breast cancer, compared with early‑stage breast cancer (χ2=4.629; P=0.031), however, Ca15‑3 antigen positivity was higher in stage IV breast cancer, compared with early‑stage breast cancer (χ2=10.58; P=0.001). Anti‑MUC1 IgG was able to bind to the MUC1 antigen in stage IV breast cancer. No differences in the 8R-MUCPT inhibition ratio were found between the two groups (P=0.778), and there were no differences in the affinity of anti‑MUC1 IgG (P=0.873). In stage IV breast cancer, circulating anti‑MUC1 antibody was found to bind serum MUC1 antigen, although their compatibility was low. No significant difference was found in the affinity of the anti‑MUC1 antibody between stage IV breast cancer and early‑stage breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxia Cui
- Department of Teaching and Scientific Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Shengkun Qi
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norman Bethune Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Guang Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jiaying Gu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Yu
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norman Bethune Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yarong Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Abstract
Peptide antibodies, with their high specificities and affinities, are invaluable reagents for peptide and protein recognition in biological specimens. Depending on the application and the assay, in which the peptide antibody is to used, several factors influence successful antibody production, including peptide selection and antibody screening. Peptide antibodies have been used in clinical laboratory diagnostics with great success for decades, primarily because they can be produced to multiple targets, recognizing native wildtype proteins, denatured proteins, and newly generated epitopes. Especially mutation-specific peptide antibodies have become important as diagnostic tools in the detection of various cancers. In addition to their use as diagnostic tools in malignant and premalignant conditions, peptide antibodies are applied in all other areas of clinical laboratory diagnostics, including endocrinology, hematology, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and amyloidoses.
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Abstract
One of the strategies to enhance immune response against tumors has been the use of vaccines against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). MUC1 is a TAA that is overexpressed in many malignancies being linked to worse prognosis. Moreover, tumor MUC1 is hypoglycosylated revealing new epitopes that are antigenic and potential T-cell targets. TG4010 is a recombinant viral vaccine targeting MUC1, also encoding for IL-2. TG4010 has been tested in Phase I-II trials demonstrating a consistent safety profile with mild local reactions as main side effect. These studies have confirmed immune responses to the vaccine product. Clinical efficacy has been observed mainly in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer in combination with chemotherapy. Peripheral activated NK cells are currently being validated as biomarkers of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edurne Arriola
- Southampton NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Christian Ottensmeier
- Southampton NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Chu NJ, Armstrong TD, Jaffee EM. Nonviral oncogenic antigens and the inflammatory signals driving early cancer development as targets for cancer immunoprevention. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:1549-57. [PMID: 25623216 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunoprevention is an emerging field that holds much promise. Within the past 20 years, prophylactic vaccines have been implemented on the population level for the immunoprevention of carcinomas induced by viruses, specifically hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Armed with the success of prophylactic vaccines that prevent viral-induced tumors, the field must overcome its next hurdle: to develop robust prophylactic vaccines that prevent the remaining >80% of human cancers not induced by viral infection. In this review, we discuss some of the most promising non-virus-associated prophylactic vaccines that target endogenous neoantigens, including the earliest oncogene products, altered mucin 1 (MUC1) and α-enolase (ENO1), all of which produce new targets in the earliest stages of nonviral-induced tumorigenesis. We also highlight a novel attenuated Listeria monocytogenes-based vaccine expressing mutant oncogene Kras(G12D) (LM-Kras) effective in a pancreatic cancer model. A novel chimeric human/rat HER-2 plasmid vaccine (HuRT-DNA vaccine) effective in a breast cancer model is also discussed. In addition to prophylactic vaccine developments, this review highlights the potential use of classic drugs, such as aspirin and metformin, as chemopreventive agents that can potentially be used as adjuvants to enhance the anticancer immunogenicity and efficacy of noninfectious prophylactic vaccines by modulating the inflammatory pathways within the early tumor microenvironment (TME) that propels tumorigenesis. Finally, timing of prophylactic vaccine administration is critical to its immunopreventive efficacy, providing a necessary role of current and emerging biomarkers for cancer screening and early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina J Chu
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Todd D Armstrong
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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14
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Zhang Q, Wang F, Wu YS, Zhang KK, Lin Y, Zhu XQ, Lv JQ, Lu XS, Zhang XL, Hu Y, Huang YP. Dual-color labeled anti-mucin 1 antibody for imaging of ovarian cancer: A preliminary animal study. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:1231-1235. [PMID: 25663888 PMCID: PMC4315008 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the feasibility of the anti-mucin 1 (anti-MUC1/CD227) antibody in the fluorescent imaging of ovarian cancer, the CD227 antibody and a control IgG antibody were labeled with a near-infrared dye [Cy5.5-N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)] and a green dye (fluorescein-NHS). In vivo fluorescence images were obtained at 4, 12 and 36 h after injection of the probes into OVCAR3 tumor-bearing mice. The tumor to background ratios were calculated for both probes. Ex vivo fluorescence images were obtained following sacrifice at 36 h. After conjugation to Cy5.5 and fluorescein, the dual-color labeled CD227 probe (Ab-FL-Cy5.5) could be visualized by both green and near-infrared fluorescence. Uptake by the tumors was higher for the Ab-FL-Cy5.5 than for the IgG-Cy5.5 probe. All tumors could be visualized by in vivo imaging with an acceptable tumor to background ratio. Ex vivo studies demonstrated the advantages of using green fluorescence imaging to guide the resection of tumor tissues. These preliminary data indicate that the Ab-FL-Cy5.5 probe is promising for further tumor imaging applications and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Sen Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Ke Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qiong Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Qiang Lv
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Lu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Ping Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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15
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Carmon L, Avivi I, Kovjazin R, Zuckerman T, Dray L, Gatt ME, Or R, Shapira MY. Phase I/II study exploring ImMucin, a pan-major histocompatibility complex, anti-MUC1 signal peptide vaccine, in multiple myeloma patients. Br J Haematol 2014; 169:44-56. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lior Carmon
- Vaxil BioTherapeutics Ltd.; Nes-Ziona Israel
| | - Irit Avivi
- Department of Haematology; Rambam Medical Campus; Haifa Israel
- Technion; Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa Israel
| | | | - Tsila Zuckerman
- Department of Haematology; Rambam Medical Campus; Haifa Israel
- Technion; Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa Israel
| | - Lillian Dray
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy; Hadassah Medical Centre; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Moshe E. Gatt
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy; Hadassah Medical Centre; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Reuven Or
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy; Hadassah Medical Centre; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Michael Y. Shapira
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy; Hadassah Medical Centre; Jerusalem Israel
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16
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Abstract
Signal peptide (SP) domains have a common motif but also sequence specific features. This knowledge was mainly ignored by immunologists who considered SP as generic, short-lived, targeting sequences. Consequently, while SP-derived MHC class I, class II and HLA-E epitopes have been isolated, their use as antigen-specific vaccine candidates (VCs) was mostly neglected. Recently we demonstrated the rational of selecting entire SP domains as multi-epitope long peptide VCs based on their high T and B-cell epitope densities. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical results demonstrating the various advantages of human SP domain VCs derived from both bacterial and tumor antigens. Such vaccine design provides for a straightforward, yet unique immunotherapeutic means of generating robust, non-toxic, diversified, combined antigen-specific CD4+/CD8+ T/B-cell immunity, irrespective of patient HLA repertoire also in disease associated transporter-associated with antigen processing (TAP) deficiencies. Subsequent clinical trials will further assess the full potential of this approach.
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Key Words
- ADCC, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- AE, adverse events
- APC, antigen presenting cells
- DC, dendritic cells
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ImMucin
- LP, long peptide
- MHC
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MM, multiple myeloma
- MUC1
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- SP, signal peptide
- SPP, signal peptide peptidase
- SPase, signal peptidase
- T-cell
- TAA, tumor associated antigen
- TAP, transporter-associated with antigen processing
- VC, vaccine candidate
- antibodies
- cancer
- hGM-CSF, human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- long peptide
- signal peptide
- tuberculosis
- vaccine
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17
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Xu HL, Zhao X, Zhang KM, Tang W, Kokudo N. Inhibition of KL-6/MUC1 glycosylation limits aggressive progression of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12171-12181. [PMID: 25232251 PMCID: PMC4161802 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i34.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the significance of KL-6/MUC1 (a type of MUC1) glycosylation in pancreatic cancer progression.
METHODS: KL-6/MUC1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 48 patients with pancreatic duct cell carcinoma. The N-/O-glycosylation inhibitors (tunicamycin and benzyl-N-acetyl-α-galactosaminide) were then used to interfere with KL-6/MUC1 glycosylation in two pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, and the effects on KL-6/MUC1 expression, and cell adhesion and invasion were determined. In addition, protein expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, E-cadherin and vimentin, were evaluated in cells after treatment with glycosylation inhibitors.
RESULTS: Overexpression of KL-6/MUC1 was found in all pancreatic cancer tissues, but not in the surrounding normal pancreatic tissues. The expression profile of KL-6/MUC1 was significantly decreased after treatment with the inhibitors. The adhesion and invasive ability of cancer cells were significantly decreased after drug treatment, and increased E-cadherin and decreased vimentin expression were found.
CONCLUSION: KL-6/MUC1 glycosylation is involved in pancreatic cancer metastasis and invasion. Therapeutic strategies which target this may help control the aggressive behavior of pancreatic cancer cells.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylgalactosamine/analogs & derivatives
- Acetylgalactosamine/pharmacology
- Adenocarcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzyl Compounds/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Progression
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Female
- Glycosylation
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mucin-1/metabolism
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Time Factors
- Tunicamycin/pharmacology
- Vimentin/metabolism
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18
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Kovjazin R, Carmon L. The use of signal peptide domains as vaccine candidates. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/hv.29549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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