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Alors-Pérez E, Pedraza-Arevalo S, Blázquez-Encinas R, García-Vioque V, Agraz-Doblas A, Yubero-Serrano EM, Sánchez-Frías ME, Serrano-Blanch R, Gálvez-Moreno MÁ, Gracia-Navarro F, Gahete MD, Arjona-Sánchez Á, Luque RM, Ibáñez-Costa A, Castaño JP. Altered CELF4 splicing factor enhances pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors aggressiveness influencing mTOR and everolimus response. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102090. [PMID: 38187140 PMCID: PMC10767201 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors with growing incidence. Recent molecular analyses provided a precise picture of their genomic and epigenomic landscape. Splicing dysregulation is increasingly regarded as a novel cancer hallmark influencing key tumor features. We have previously demonstrated that splicing machinery is markedly dysregulated in PanNETs. Here, we aimed to elucidate the molecular and functional implications of CUGBP ELAV-like family member 4 (CELF4), one of the most altered splicing factors in PanNETs. CELF4 expression was determined in 20 PanNETs, comparing tumor and non-tumoral adjacent tissue. An RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) dataset was analyzed to explore CELF4-linked interrelations among clinical features, gene expression, and splicing events. Two PanNET cell lines were employed to assess CELF4 function in vitro and in vivo. PanNETs display markedly upregulated CELF4 expression, which is closely associated with malignancy features, altered expression of key tumor players, and distinct splicing event profiles. Modulation of CELF4 influenced proliferation in vitro and reduced in vivo xenograft tumor growth. Interestingly, functional assays and RNA-seq analysis revealed that CELF4 silencing altered mTOR signaling pathway, enhancing the effect of everolimus. We demonstrate that CELF4 is dysregulated in PanNETs, where it influences tumor development and aggressiveness, likely by modulating the mTOR pathway, suggesting its potential as therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Alors-Pérez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arevalo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ricardo Blázquez-Encinas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Víctor García-Vioque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Agraz-Doblas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elena M. Yubero-Serrano
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marina E. Sánchez-Frías
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Pathology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raquel Serrano-Blanch
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Medical Oncology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Gracia-Navarro
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D. Gahete
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Álvaro Arjona-Sánchez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Surgery Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M. Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Justo P. Castaño
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
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Shi Y, Sheng P, Guo M, Chen K, Zhou H, Wu M, Li W, Li B. Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs predict prognosis and immune response of thyroid carcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1100909. [PMID: 37470034 PMCID: PMC10352785 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To estimate the survival and prognosis of patients with thyroid carcinoma (THCA) based on the Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) traits linked to cuproptosis and to investigate the connection between the immunological spectrum of THCA and medication sensitivity. Methods: RNA-Seq data and clinical information for THCA were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. We built a risk prognosis model by identifying and excluding lncRNAs associated with cuproptosis using Cox regression and LASSO methods. Both possible biological and immune infiltration functions were investigated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and immunoassays. The sensitivity of the immune response to possible THCA medicines was assessed using ratings for tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) and tumor mutational burden (TMB). Results: Seven cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were used to construct our prognostic prediction model: AC108704.1, DIO3OS, AL157388.1, AL138767.3, STARD13-AS, AC008532.1, and PLBD1-AS1. Using data from TCGA's training, testing, and all groups, Kaplan-Meier and ROC curves demonstrated this feature's adequate predictive validity. Different clinical characteristics have varying effects on cuproptosis-related lncRNA risk models. Further analysis of immune cell infiltration and single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) supported the possibility that cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs and THCA tumor immunity were closely connected. Significantly, individuals with THCA showed a considerable decline in survival owing to the superposition effect of patients in the high-risk category and high TMB. Additionally, the low-risk group had a higher TIDE score compared with the high-risk group, indicating that these patients had suboptimal immune checkpoint blocking responses. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of our results, we further verified them using several GEO databases. Conclusion: The clinical and risk aspects of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs may aid in determining the prognosis of patients with THCA and improving therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinli Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Sheng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongguang Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mianhua Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenting Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Blázquez-Encinas R, Moreno-Montilla MT, García-Vioque V, Gracia-Navarro F, Alors-Pérez E, Pedraza-Arevalo S, Ibáñez-Costa A, Castaño JP. The uprise of RNA biology in neuroendocrine neoplasms: altered splicing and RNA species unveil translational opportunities. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:267-282. [PMID: 36418657 PMCID: PMC9685014 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a highly heterogeneous group of tumors arising from the diffuse neuroendocrine system. NENs mainly originate in gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and pulmonary tissues, and despite being rare, show rising incidence. The molecular mechanisms underlying NEN development are still poorly understood, although recent studies are unveiling their genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic landscapes. RNA was originally considered as an intermediary between DNA and protein. Today, compelling evidence underscores the regulatory relevance of RNA processing, while new RNA molecules emerge with key functional roles in core cell processes. Indeed, correct functioning of the interrelated complementary processes comprising RNA biology, its processing, transport, and surveillance, is essential to ensure adequate cell homeostasis, and its misfunction is related to cancer at multiple levels. This review is focused on the dysregulation of RNA biology in NENs. In particular, we survey alterations in the splicing process and available information implicating the main RNA species and processes in NENs pathology, including their role as biomarkers, and their functionality and targetability. Understanding how NENs precisely (mis)behave requires a profound knowledge at every layer of their heterogeneity, to help improve NEN management. RNA biology provides a wide spectrum of previously unexplored processes and molecules that open new avenues for NEN detection, classification and treatment. The current molecular biology era is rapidly evolving to facilitate a detailed comprehension of cancer biology and is enabling the arrival of personalized, predictive and precision medicine to rare tumors like NENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Blázquez-Encinas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Trinidad Moreno-Montilla
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Víctor García-Vioque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Gracia-Navarro
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilia Alors-Pérez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arevalo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.
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Sáez-Martínez P, Porcel-Pastrana F, Pérez-Gómez JM, Pedraza-Arévalo S, Gómez-Gómez E, Jiménez-Vacas JM, Gahete MD, Luque RM. Somatostatin, Cortistatin and Their Receptors Exert Antitumor Actions in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells: Critical Role of Endogenous Cortistatin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113003. [PMID: 36361790 PMCID: PMC9654089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST), cortistatin (CORT), and their receptors (SSTR1-5/sst5TMD4-TMD5) comprise a multifactorial hormonal system involved in the regulation of numerous pathophysiological processes. Certain components of this system are dysregulated and play critical roles in the development/progression of different endocrine-related cancers. However, the presence and therapeutic role of this regulatory system in prostate cancer (PCa) remain poorly explored. Accordingly, we performed functional (proliferation/migration/colonies-formation) and mechanistic (Western-blot/qPCR/microfluidic-based qPCR-array) assays in response to SST and CORT treatments and CORT-silencing (using specific siRNA) in different PCa cell models [androgen-dependent (AD): LNCaP; androgen-independent (AI)/castration-resistant PCa (CRPC): 22Rv1 and PC-3], and/or in the normal-like prostate cell-line RWPE-1. Moreover, the expression of SST/CORT system components was analyzed in PCa samples from two different patient cohorts [internal (n = 69); external (Grasso, n = 88)]. SST and CORT treatment inhibited key functional/aggressiveness parameters only in AI-PCa cells. Mechanistically, antitumor capacity of SST/CORT was associated with the modulation of oncogenic signaling pathways (AKT/JNK), and with the significant down-regulation of critical genes involved in proliferation/migration and PCa-aggressiveness (e.g., MKI67/MMP9/EGF). Interestingly, CORT was highly expressed, while SST was not detected, in all prostate cell-lines analyzed. Consistently, endogenous CORT was overexpressed in PCa samples (compared with benign-prostatic-hyperplasia) and correlated with key clinical (i.e., metastasis) and molecular (i.e., SSTR2/SSTR5 expression) parameters. Remarkably, CORT-silencing drastically enhanced proliferation rate and blunted the antitumor activity of SST-analogues (octreotide/pasireotide) in AI-PCa cells. Altogether, we provide evidence that SST/CORT system and SST-analogues could represent a potential therapeutic option for PCa, especially for CRPC, and that endogenous CORT could act as an autocrine/paracrine regulator of PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudencio Sáez-Martínez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Porcel-Pastrana
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Pérez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arévalo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Urology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan M. Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D. Gahete
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M. Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Kuker R, Wang J, Nagornaya N, Bhatia RG, Quencer R, Serafini A. Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT in the Evaluation of Paragangliomas and Other Indeterminate Lesions in the Head and Neck. Indian J Nucl Med 2022; 37:350-358. [PMID: 36817195 PMCID: PMC9930460 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_66_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors with imaging features that can overlap with other entities. This study hypothesizes that given overexpression of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) 2, PGLs can be differentiated on Ga-68 DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) from other benign or malignant lesions. Materials and Methods Ninety-six patients with known tumors of the head and neck who underwent Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT from May 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed from a single institution. Of these, 43 patients had histopathological confirmation and 66 positive lesions were discovered on PET/CT. For each lesion, the SUV max, the SUV lesion to liver ratio, and the SUV lesion to spleen ratio were analyzed. Results PGLs (n = 37) showed the most intense uptake, and the mean of SUVmax was 69.3 (range 3.7-225.9). Metastatic PGL and metastasis from other neuroendocrine tumors (n = 13) demonstrated intermediate uptake, the mean of SUVmax was 15.16 (range 2.3-40.3). Meningiomas (n = 3) had intermediate uptake, and the mean of SUVmax was 12.37 (range 2.5-19.4). One patient with esthesioneuroblastoma had 5 lesions in the head and neck, and the mean of SUVmax was 18.9 (range 6.9-49.4). Schwannomas (n = 4) had very low uptake, and the mean of SUVmax was 1.75 (range 1.1-2.2). Other rare cases with low uptake included 1 each of osteosarcoma, acinic cell carcinoma, ectopic thyroid tissue, and plasmacytoma, and the mean of SUVmax was 4.75 (range 2.3-6.1). Conclusions Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT can be a useful adjunct in differentiating tumors in the head and neck. PGLs demonstrate the highest uptake. Meningioma, esthesioneuroblastoma, and neuroendocrine tumor metastasis have intermediate uptake. Schwannomas and other rare tumors exhibit low uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russ Kuker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jiaqiong Wang
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Natalya Nagornaya
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rita G. Bhatia
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert Quencer
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aldo Serafini
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
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Gahete MD, Herman-Sanchez N, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Lopez-Canovas JL, Luque RM. Dysregulation of splicing variants and spliceosome components in breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2022; 29:R123-R142. [PMID: 35728261 DOI: 10.1530/erc-22-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of the splicing process has emerged as a novel hallmark of metabolic and tumor pathologies. In breast cancer (BCa), which represents the most diagnosed cancer type among women worldwide, the generation and/or dysregulation of several oncogenic splicing variants have been described. This is the case of the splicing variants of HER2, ER, BRCA1, or the recently identified by our group, In1-ghrelin and SST5TMD4, which exhibit oncogenic roles, increasing the malignancy, poor prognosis, and resistance to treatment of BCa. This altered expression of oncogenic splicing variants has been closely linked with the dysregulation of the elements belonging to the macromolecular machinery that controls the splicing process (spliceosome components and the associated splicing factors). In this review, we compile the current knowledge demonstrating the altered expression of splicing variants and spliceosomal components in BCa, showing the existence of a growing body of evidence supporting the close implication of the alteration in the splicing process in mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D Gahete
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Natalia Herman-Sanchez
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan L Lopez-Canovas
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
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Somatostatin Receptor Splicing Variant sst5TMD4 Overexpression in Glioblastoma Is Associated with Poor Survival, Increased Aggressiveness Features, and Somatostatin Analogs Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031143. [PMID: 35163067 PMCID: PMC8835306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant and lethal brain tumor. Current standard treatment consists of surgery followed by radiotherapy/chemotherapy; however, this is only a palliative approach with a mean post-operative survival of scarcely ~12-15 months. Thus, the identification of novel therapeutic targets to treat this devastating pathology is urgently needed. In this context, the truncated splicing variant of the somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (sst5TMD4), which is produced by aberrant alternative splicing, has been demonstrated to be overexpressed and associated with increased aggressiveness features in several tumors. However, the presence, functional role, and associated molecular mechanisms of sst5TMD4 in GBM have not been yet explored. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive analysis to characterize the expression and pathophysiological role of sst5TMD4 in human GBM. sst5TMD4 was significantly overexpressed (at mRNA and protein levels) in human GBM tissue compared to non-tumor (control) brain tissue. Remarkably, sst5TMD4 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival and recurrent tumors in GBM patients. Moreover, in vitro sst5TMD4 overexpression (by specific plasmid) increased, whereas sst5TMD4 silencing (by specific siRNA) decreased, key malignant features (i.e., proliferation and migration capacity) of GBM cells (U-87 MG/U-118 MG models). Furthermore, sst5TMD4 overexpression in GBM cells altered the activity of multiple key signaling pathways associated with tumor aggressiveness/progression (AKT/JAK-STAT/NF-κB/TGF-β), and its silencing sensitized GBM cells to the antitumor effect of pasireotide (a somatostatin analog). Altogether, these results demonstrate that sst5TMD4 is overexpressed and associated with enhanced malignancy features in human GBMs and reveal its potential utility as a novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarker and putative therapeutic target in GBMs.
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Sáez-Martínez P, Jiménez-Vacas JM, León-González AJ, Herrero-Aguayo V, Montero Hidalgo AJ, Gómez-Gómez E, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Requena-Tapia MJ, Castaño JP, Gahete MD, Luque RM. Unleashing the Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential of the Neuronostatin/GPR107 System in Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1703. [PMID: 32498336 PMCID: PMC7355908 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain components of the somatostatin-system play relevant roles in Prostate Cancer (PCa), whose most aggressive phenotype (Castration-Resistant-PCa (CRPC)) remains lethal nowadays. However, neuronostatin and the G protein-coupled receptor 107 (GPR107), two novel members of the somatostatin-system, have not been explored yet in PCa. Consequently, we investigated the pathophysiological role of NST/GPR107-system in PCa. GPR107 expression was analyzed in well-characterized PCa patient's cohorts, and functional/mechanistic assays were performed in response to GPR107-silencing and NST-treatment in PCa cells (androgen-dependent (AD: LNCaP) and androgen-independent (AI: 22Rv1/PC-3), which are cell models of hormone-sensitive and CRPC, respectively), and normal prostate cells (RWPE-1 cell-line). GPR107 was overexpressed in PCa and associated with key clinical parameters (e.g., advance stage of PCa, presence of vascular invasion and metastasis). Furthermore, GPR107-silencing inhibited proliferation/migration rates in AI-PCa-cells and altered key genes and oncogenic signaling-pathways involved in PCa aggressiveness (i.e., KI67/CDKN2D/MMP9/PRPF40A, SST5TMD4/AR-v7/In1-ghrelin/EZH2 splicing-variants and AKT-signaling). Interestingly, NST treatment inhibited proliferation/migration only in AI-PCa cells and evoked an identical molecular response than GPR107-silencing. Finally, NST decreased GPR107 expression exclusively in AI-PCa-cells, suggesting that part of the specific antitumor effects of NST could be mediated through a GPR107-downregulation. Altogether, NST/GPR107-system could represent a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool and a promising novel therapeutic target for PCa and CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudencio Sáez-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan M. Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J. León-González
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Montero Hidalgo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Sánchez-Sánchez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Anatomical Pathology Service, HURS, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - María J. Requena-Tapia
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Justo P. Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D. Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M. Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
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Vázquez-Borrego MC, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Venegas-Moreno E, Rivero-Cortés E, Dios E, Moreno-Moreno P, Madrazo-Atutxa A, Remón P, Solivera J, Wildemberg LE, Kasuki L, López-Fernández JM, Gadelha MR, Gálvez-Moreno MA, Soto-Moreno A, Gahete MD, Castaño JP, Luque RM. Splicing Machinery is Dysregulated in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors and is Associated with Aggressiveness Features. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101439. [PMID: 31561558 PMCID: PMC6826715 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) constitute approximately 15% of all brain tumors, and most have a sporadic origin. Recent studies suggest that altered alternative splicing and, consequently, appearance of aberrant splicing variants, is a common feature of most tumor pathologies. Moreover, spliceosome is considered an attractive therapeutic target in tumor pathologies, and the inhibition of SF3B1 (e.g., using pladienolide-B) has been shown to exert antitumor effects. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the expression levels of selected splicing-machinery components in 261 PitNETs (somatotropinomas/non-functioning PitNETS/corticotropinomas/prolactinomas) and evaluated the direct effects of pladienolide-B in cell proliferation/viability/hormone secretion in human PitNETs cell cultures and pituitary cell lines (AtT-20/GH3). Results revealed a severe dysregulation of splicing-machinery components in all the PitNET subtypes compared to normal pituitaries and a unique fingerprint of splicing-machinery components that accurately discriminate between normal and tumor tissue in each PitNET subtype. Moreover, expression of specific components was associated with key clinical parameters. Interestingly, certain components were commonly dysregulated throughout all PitNET subtypes. Finally, pladienolide-B reduced cell proliferation/viability/hormone secretion in PitNET cell cultures and cell lines. Altogether, our data demonstrate a drastic dysregulation of the splicing-machinery in PitNETs that might be associated to their tumorigenesis, paving the way to explore the use of specific splicing-machinery components as novel diagnostic/prognostic and therapeutic targets in PitNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari C Vázquez-Borrego
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Eva Venegas-Moreno
- Metabolism and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Esther Rivero-Cortés
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Elena Dios
- Metabolism and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Paloma Moreno-Moreno
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Ainara Madrazo-Atutxa
- Metabolism and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Pablo Remón
- Metabolism and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan Solivera
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Service of Neurosurgery, Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Luiz E Wildemberg
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center/Endocrinology Division, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil.
- Neuroendocrinology Division, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Kasuki
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center/Endocrinology Division, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil.
- Neuroendocrinology Division, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil.
| | - Judith M López-Fernández
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Mônica R Gadelha
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center/Endocrinology Division, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil.
- Neuroendocrinology Division, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil.
| | - María A Gálvez-Moreno
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Soto-Moreno
- Metabolism and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
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Peptides derived from the extracellular domain of the somatostatin receptor splicing variant SST5TMD4 increase malignancy in multiple cancer cell types. Transl Res 2019; 211:147-160. [PMID: 30904441 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular fragments derived from plasma membrane receptors can play relevant roles in the development/progression of tumor pathologies, thereby offering novel diagnostic or therapeutic opportunities. The truncated variant of somatostatin receptor subtype-5, SST5TMD4, is an aberrantly spliced receptor with 4 transmembrane domains, highly overexpressed in several tumor types, whose C-terminal tail is exposed towards the extracellular matrix, and could therefore be the substrate for proteolytic enzymes. In silico analysis implemented herein predicted 2 possible cleavage sites for metalloproteases MMP2, 9, 14, and 16 in its sequence, which could generate 3 releasable peptides. Of note, expression of those MMPs was directly correlated with SST5TMD4 in several cancer-derived cell lines (ie neuroendocrine tumors and prostate, breast, and liver cancers). Moreover, incubation with SST5TMD4-derived peptides enhanced malignancy features in all cancer cell types tested (ie proliferation, migration, etc.) and blunted the antiproliferative response to somatostatin in QGP-1 cells, acting probably through PI3K/AKT and/or MEK/ERK signaling pathways and the modulation of key cancer-associated genes (eg MMPs, MKI67, ACTR2/3, CD24/44). These results suggest that SST5TMD4-derived peptides could contribute to the strong oncogenic role of SST5TMD4 observed in multiple tumor pathologies, and, therefore, represent potential candidates to identify novel diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Günther T, Tulipano G, Dournaud P, Bousquet C, Csaba Z, Kreienkamp HJ, Lupp A, Korbonits M, Castaño JP, Wester HJ, Culler M, Melmed S, Schulz S. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CV. Somatostatin Receptors: Structure, Function, Ligands, and New Nomenclature. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 70:763-835. [PMID: 30232095 PMCID: PMC6148080 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.015388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin, also known as somatotropin-release inhibitory factor, is a cyclopeptide that exerts potent inhibitory actions on hormone secretion and neuronal excitability. Its physiologic functions are mediated by five G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) called somatostatin receptor (SST)1-5. These five receptors share common structural features and signaling mechanisms but differ in their cellular and subcellular localization and mode of regulation. SST2 and SST5 receptors have evolved as primary targets for pharmacological treatment of pituitary adenomas and neuroendocrine tumors. In addition, SST2 is a prototypical GPCR for the development of peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. This review article summarizes findings published in the last 25 years on the physiology, pharmacology, and clinical applications related to SSTs. We also discuss potential future developments and propose a new nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Günther
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Giovanni Tulipano
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Pascal Dournaud
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Zsolt Csaba
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Kreienkamp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Michael Culler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
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12
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Marazuela M, Ramos-Leví AM, Borges de Souza P, Zatelli MC. Is receptor profiling useful for predicting pituitary therapy? Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 179:D15-D25. [PMID: 30139823 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Medical treatment of pituitary tumours may present important challenges in the presence of resistance to first line therapy. In this setting, the availability of specific markers of responsiveness/resistance could be helpful to provide tailored patients' treatment. Pituitary receptor profiling has emerged as a potentially useful tool for predicting the response to specific pituitary-directed medical therapy, mainly somatostatin analogues and dopamine agonists. However, its utility is not always straightforward. In fact, agonist-receptor coupling to the consequent biological response is complex and sometimes jeopardizes the understanding of the molecular basis of pharmacological resistance. Defective expression of pituitary receptors, genetic alterations, truncated variants, impaired signal transduction or involvement of other proteins, such as cytoskeleton proteins or the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein amongst others, have been linked to differential tumour phenotype or treatment responsiveness with conflicting results, keeping the debate on the utility of pituitary receptor profiling open. Why does this occur? How can we overcome the difficulties? Is there a true role for pituitary receptor profiling in the near future? All authors of this debate article agree on the need of prospective studies using standardized methods in order to assess the efficacy of receptor profiling as a reliable clinical predictive factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Ramos-Leví
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Borges de Souza
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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13
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Prognostic and predictive biomarkers for somatostatin analogs, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy and serotonin pathway targets in neuroendocrine tumours. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 70:209-222. [PMID: 30292979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms regarding their molecular biology, clinical behaviour, prognosis and response to therapy. Several attempts to establish robust predictive biomarkers have failed. Neither tissue markers nor blood borne ones have proven to be successful yet. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) as "liquid biopsies" could provide prognostic information at the time a therapeutic decision needs to be made and could be an attractive tool for tumour monitoring throughout the treatment period. However, "liquid biopsies" are far from becoming the standard biomarker in NETs. Promising results have been presented over the last few years using a novel biomarker candidate, a multianalyte algorithm analysis PCR-based test (NETest). New technologies will open the field to different ways of approaching the biomarker conundrum in NETs. However, the complications derived from being a heterogeneous group of malignancies will remain with us forever. In summary, there is an unmet need to incorporate new biomarker candidates into clinical research trials to obtain a robust prospective validation under the most demanding scenario.
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14
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Luque RM, Kineman RD. Neuronostatin exerts actions on pituitary that are unique from its sibling peptide somatostatin. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:217-227. [PMID: 29615476 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuronostatin, a somatostatin gene-encoded peptide, exerts important physiological and metabolic actions in diverse tissues. However, the direct biological effects of neuronostatin on pituitary function of humans and primates are still unknown. This study used baboon (Papio anubis) primary pituitary cell cultures, a species that closely models human physiology, to demonstrate that neuronostatin inhibits basal, but not ghrelin-/GnRH-stimulated, growth hormone (GH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, without affecting the secretion of other pituitary hormones (prolactin, ACTH, FSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)) or changing mRNA levels. Actions of neuronostatin differs from somatostatin which in this study reduced GH/PRL/ACTH/LH/TSH secretion and GH/PRL/POMC/LH gene expression. Remarkably, we found that inhibitory actions of neuronostatin are likely mediated through: (1) the orphan receptor GPCR107 (found to be highly expressed in pituitary compared to somatostatin-receptors), (2) common (i.e. adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A/MAPK/extra-/intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, but not phospholipase C/protein kinase C/mTOR) and distinct (i.e. PI3K) signaling pathways than somatostatin and; (3) dissimilar molecular mechanisms than somatostatin (i.e. upregulation of GPCR107 and downregulation of GHS-R/Kiss1-R expression by neuronostatin and, upregulation of sst1-5 expression by somatostatin). Altogether, the results of this study provide the first evidence that there is a functional neuronostatin signaling circuit, unique from somatostatin, which may work in concert with somatostatin to fine-tune hormone release from somatostropes and gonadotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rhonda D Kineman
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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15
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Hormaechea-Agulla D, Jiménez-Vacas JM, Gómez-Gómez E, L-López F, Carrasco-Valiente J, Valero-Rosa J, Moreno MM, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Ortega-Salas R, Gracia-Navarro F, Culler MD, Ibáñez-Costa A, Gahete MD, Requena MJ, Castaño JP, Luque RM. The oncogenic role of the spliced somatostatin receptor sst5TMD4 variant in prostate cancer. FASEB J 2017; 31:4682-4696. [PMID: 28705809 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601264rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
sst5TMD4, a splice variant of the sst5 gene, is overexpressed and associated with aggressiveness in various endocrine-related tumors, but its presence, functional role, and mechanisms of actions in prostate cancer (PCa)-the most common cancer type in males-is completely unexplored. In this study, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostate pieces from patients with localized PCa, which included tumoral and nontumoral adjacent regions (n = 45), fresh biopsies from patients with high-risk PCa (n = 52), and healthy fresh prostates from cystoprostatectomies (n = 14) were examined. In addition, PCa cell lines and xenograft models were used to determine the presence and functional role of sst5TMD4. Results demonstrated that sst5TMD4 is overexpressed (mRNA/protein) in PCa samples, and this is especially drastic in metastatic and/or high Gleason score tumor samples. Remarkably, sst5TMD4 expression was associated with an altered frequency of 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms: rs197055 and rs12599155. In addition, PCa cell lines and xenograft models were used to demonstrate that sst5TMD4 overexpression increases cell proliferation and migration in PCa cells and induces larger tumors in nude mice, whereas its silencing decreased proliferation and migration. Remarkably, sst5TMD4 overexpression activated multiple intracellular pathways (ERK/JNK, MYC/MAX, WNT, retinoblastoma), altered oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene expression, and disrupted the normal response to somatostatin analogs in PCa cells. Altogether, we demonstrate that sst5TMD4 is overexpressed in PCa, especially in those patients with a worse prognosis, and plays an important pathophysiologic role in PCa, which suggesting its potential as a biomarker and/or therapeutic target.-Hormaechea-Agulla, D., Jiménez-Vacas, J. M., Gómez-Gómez, E., L.-López, F., Carrasco-Valiente, J., Valero-Rosa, J., Moreno, M. M., Sánchez-Sánchez, R., Ortega-Salas, R., Gracia-Navarro, F., Culler, M. D., Ibáñez-Costa, A., Gahete, M. D., Requena, M. J., Castaño, J. P., Luque, R. M. The oncogenic role of the spliced somatostatin receptor sst5TMD4 variant in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hormaechea-Agulla
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan M Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Urology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS)/Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Fernando L-López
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Julia Carrasco-Valiente
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Urology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS)/Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - José Valero-Rosa
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Urology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS)/Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - María M Moreno
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Anatomical Pathology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Sánchez-Sánchez
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Anatomical Pathology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rosa Ortega-Salas
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Anatomical Pathology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Gracia-Navarro
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - María J Requena
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Urology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS)/Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; .,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; .,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
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16
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The components of somatostatin and ghrelin systems are altered in neuroendocrine lung carcinoids and associated to clinical-histological features. Lung Cancer 2017; 109:128-136. [PMID: 28577942 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung carcinoids (LCs) are rare tumors that comprise 1-5% of lung malignancies but represent 20-30% of neuroendocrine tumors. Their incidence is progressively increasing and a better characterization of these tumors is required. Alterations in somatostatin (SST)/cortistatin (CORT) and ghrelin systems have been associated to development/progression of various endocrine-related cancers, wherein they may become useful diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the expression levels of ghrelin and SST/CORT system components in LCs, as well as to explore their putative relationship with histological/clinical characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHODS An observational retrospective study was performed; 75 LC patients with clinical/histological characteristics were included. Samples from 46 patients were processed to isolate mRNA from tumor and adjacent non-tumor region, and the expression levels of SST/CORT and ghrelin systems components, determined by quantitative-PCR, were compared to those of 7 normal lung tissues. RESULTS Patient cohort was characterized by mean age 53±15 years, 48% males, 34% with tobacco exposure; 71.4/28.6% typical/atypical carcinoids, 21.7% incidental tumors, 4.3% functioning tumors, 17.7% with metastasis. SST/CORT and ghrelin system components were expressed at variable levels in a high proportion of tumors, as well as in adjacent non-tumor tissues, while a lower proportion of normal lung samples also expressed these molecules. A gradation was observed from normal non-neoplastic lung tissues, non-tumor adjacent tissue and LCs, being SST, sst4, sst5, GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b overexpressed in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. Importantly, several SST/CORT and ghrelin system components displayed significant correlations with relevant clinical parameters, such as necrosis, peritumoral and vascular invasion, or metastasis. CONCLUSION Altogether, these data reveal a prominent, widespread expression of key SST/CORT/ghrelin system components in LCs, where they display clinical-histological correlations, which could provide novel, valuable markers for NET patient management.
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17
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BIM-23A760 influences key functional endpoints in pituitary adenomas and normal pituitaries: molecular mechanisms underlying the differential response in adenomas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42002. [PMID: 28181484 PMCID: PMC5299479 DOI: 10.1038/srep42002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric somatostatin/dopamine compounds such as BIM-23A760, an sst2/sst5/D2 receptors-agonist, have emerged as promising new approaches to treat pituitary adenomas. However, information on direct in vitro effects of BIM-23A760 in normal and tumoral pituitaries remains incomplete. The objective of this study was to analyze BIM-23A760 effects on functional parameters (Ca2+ signaling, hormone expression/secretion, cell viability and apoptosis) in pituitary adenomas (n = 74), and to compare with the responses of normal primate and human pituitaries (n = 3–5). Primate and human normal pituitaries exhibited similar sst2/sst5/D2 expression patterns, wherein BIM-23A760 inhibited the expression/secretion of several pituitary hormones (specially GH/PRL), which was accompanied by increased sst2/sst5/D2 expression in primates and decreased Ca2+ concentration in human cells. In tumoral pituitaries, BIM-23A760 also inhibited Ca2+ concentration, hormone secretion/expression and proliferation. However, BIM-23A760 elicited stimulatory effects in a subset of GHomas, ACTHomas and NFPAs in terms of Ca2+ signaling and/or hormone secretion, which was associated with the relative somatostatin/dopamine-receptors levels, especially sst5 and sst5TMD4. The chimeric sst2/sst5/D2 compound BIM-23A760 affects multiple, clinically relevant parameters on pituitary adenomas and may represent a valuable therapeutic tool. The relative ssts/D2 expression profile, particularly sst5 and/or sst5TMD4 levels, might represent useful molecular markers to predict the ultimate response of pituitary adenomas to BIM-23A760.
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18
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Theoretical analysis of somatostatin receptor 5 with antagonists and agonists for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Mol Divers 2017. [PMID: 28155055 DOI: 10.1007/s11030‐016‐9722‐7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on SSTR5 receptor modeling and its interaction with reported antagonist and agonist molecules. Modeling of the SSTR5 receptor was carried out using multiple templates with the aim of improving the precision of the generated models. The selective SSTR5 antagonists, agonists and native somatostatin SRIF-14 were employed to propose the binding site of SSTR5 and to identify the critical residues involved in the interaction of the receptor with other molecules. Residues Q2.63, D3.32, Q3.36, C186, Y7.34 and Y7.42 were found to be highly significant for their strong interaction with the receptor. SSTR5 antagonists were utilized to perform a 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship study. A comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was conducted using two different alignment schemes, namely the ligand-based and receptor-based alignment methods. The best statistical results were obtained for ligand-based ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] = 0.988, noc = 4) and receptor-guided methods (docked mode 1:[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], noc = 5), (docked mode 2:[Formula: see text] = 0.555, [Formula: see text], noc = 5). Based on CoMFA contour maps, an electropositive substitution at [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] position and bulky group at [Formula: see text] position are important in enhancing molecular activity.
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19
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Theoretical analysis of somatostatin receptor 5 with antagonists and agonists for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Mol Divers 2017; 21:367-384. [PMID: 28155055 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-016-9722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report on SSTR5 receptor modeling and its interaction with reported antagonist and agonist molecules. Modeling of the SSTR5 receptor was carried out using multiple templates with the aim of improving the precision of the generated models. The selective SSTR5 antagonists, agonists and native somatostatin SRIF-14 were employed to propose the binding site of SSTR5 and to identify the critical residues involved in the interaction of the receptor with other molecules. Residues Q2.63, D3.32, Q3.36, C186, Y7.34 and Y7.42 were found to be highly significant for their strong interaction with the receptor. SSTR5 antagonists were utilized to perform a 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship study. A comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was conducted using two different alignment schemes, namely the ligand-based and receptor-based alignment methods. The best statistical results were obtained for ligand-based ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] = 0.988, noc = 4) and receptor-guided methods (docked mode 1:[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], noc = 5), (docked mode 2:[Formula: see text] = 0.555, [Formula: see text], noc = 5). Based on CoMFA contour maps, an electropositive substitution at [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] position and bulky group at [Formula: see text] position are important in enhancing molecular activity.
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20
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Abstract
Aggressive GH-secreting pituitary adenomas (GHPAs) represent an important clinical problem in patients with acromegaly. Surgical therapy, although often the mainstay of treatment for GHPAs, is less effective in aggressive GHPAs due to their invasive and destructive growth patterns, and their proclivity for infrasellar invasion. Medical therapies for GHPAs, including somatostatin analogues and GH receptor antagonists, are becoming increasingly important adjuncts to surgical intervention. Stereotactic radiosurgery serves as an important fallback therapy for tumors that cannot be cured with surgery and medications. Data suggests that patients with aggressive and refractory GHPAs are best treated at dedicated tertiary pituitary centers with multidisciplinary teams of neuroendocrinologists, neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists and other specialists who routinely provide advanced care to GHPA patients. Future research will help clarify the defining features of "aggressive" and "atypical" PAs, likely based on tumor behavior, preoperative imaging characteristics, histopathological characteristics, and molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Donoho
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Namrata Bose
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, USC Pituitary Center, 1520 San Pablo Street #3800, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Gabriel Zada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - John D Carmichael
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, USC Pituitary Center, 1520 San Pablo Street #3800, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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21
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Gahete MD, Rincón-Fernández D, Durán-Prado M, Hergueta-Redondo M, Ibáñez-Costa A, Rojo-Sebastián A, Gracia-Navarro F, Culler MD, Casanovas O, Moreno-Bueno G, Luque RM, Castaño JP. The truncated somatostatin receptor sst5TMD4 stimulates the angiogenic process and is associated to lymphatic metastasis and disease-free survival in breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2016; 7:60110-60122. [PMID: 27507050 PMCID: PMC5312372 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The truncated somatostatin receptor sst5TMD4 is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer and increases breast cancer cell malignancy. Here, we examined the cellular/molecular mechanisms underlying this association, aiming to identify new molecular tools to improve diagnosis, prognosis or therapy. A gene expression array comparing sst5TMD4 stably-transfected MCF-7 cells and their controls (empty-plasmid) revealed the existence of profound alterations in the expression of genes involved in key tumoral processes, such as cell survival or angiogenesis. Moreover, sst5TMD4-overexpressing MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells demonstrated increased expression/production of pro-angiogenic factors and enhanced capacity to form mammospheres. Consistently, sst5TMD4-expressing MCF-7 cells induced xenografted tumors with higher VEGF levels and elevated number of blood vessels. Importantly, sst5TMD4 was expressed in a subset of breast cancers, where it correlated with angiogenic markers, lymphatic metastasis, and reduced disease-free survival. These results, coupled to our previous data, support a relevant role of sst5TMD4 in the angiogenic process and reinforce the role of sst5TMD4 in breast cancer malignancy and metastatic potential, supporting its possible utility to develop new molecular biomarkers and drug therapies for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - David Rincón-Fernández
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Mario Durán-Prado
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Marta Hergueta-Redondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), IdiPAZ, MD Anderson Internacional Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Gracia-Navarro
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Oriol Casanovas
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), IdiPAZ, MD Anderson Internacional Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
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22
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Herac M, Niederle B, Raderer M, Krebs M, Kaserer K, Koperek O. Expression of somatostatin receptor 2A in medullary thyroid carcinoma is associated with lymph node metastasis. APMIS 2016; 124:839-45. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Merima Herac
- Clinical Institute of Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Bruno Niederle
- Section of Endocrine Surgery; Division of General Surgery; Department of Surgery; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Markus Raderer
- Department of Internal Medicine I; Division of Oncology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Krebs
- Department of Internal Medicine I; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | - Oskar Koperek
- Clinical Institute of Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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23
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Sampedro-Núñez M, Luque RM, Ramos-Levi AM, Gahete MD, Serrano-Somavilla A, Villa-Osaba A, Adrados M, Ibáñez-Costa A, Martín-Pérez E, Culler MD, Marazuela M, Castaño JP. Presence of sst5TMD4, a truncated splice variant of the somatostatin receptor subtype 5, is associated to features of increased aggressiveness in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6593-608. [PMID: 26673010 PMCID: PMC4872735 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are rare and heterogeneous tumors, and their biological behavior is not well known. We studied the presence and potential functional roles of somatostatin receptors (sst1-5), focusing particularly on the truncated variants (sst5TMD4, sst5TMD5) and on their relationships with the angiogenic system (Ang/Tie-2 and VEGF) in human GEP-NETs. Experimental Design We evaluated 42 tumor tissue samples (26 primary/16 metastatic) from 26 patients with GEP-NETs, and 30 non-tumoral tissues (26 from adjacent non-tumor regions and 4 from normal controls) from a single center. Expression of sst1-5, sst5TMD4, sst5TMD5, Ang1-2, Tie-2 and VEGF was analyzed using real-time qPCR, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Expression levels were associated with tumor characteristics and clinical outcomes. Functional role of sst5TMD4 was analyzed in GEP-NET cell lines. Results sst1 exhibited the highest expression in GEP-NET, whilst sst2 was the most frequently observed sst-subtype (90.2%). Expression levels of sst1, sst2, sst3, sst5TMD4, and sst5TMD5 were significantly higher in tumor tissues compared to their adjacent non-tumoral tissue. Lymph-node metastases expressed higher levels of sst5TMD4 than in its corresponding primary tumor tissue. sst5TMD4 was also significantly higher in intestinal tumor tissues from patients with residual disease of intestinal origin compared to those with non-residual disease. Functional assays demonstrated that the presence of sst5TMD4 was associated to enhanced malignant features in GEP-NET cells. Angiogenic markers correlated positively with sst5TMD4, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical/fluorescence studies. Conclusions sst5TMD4 is overexpressed in GEP-NETs and is associated to enhanced aggressiveness, suggesting its potential value as biomarker and target in GEP-NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Sampedro-Núñez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba 14014, Spain
| | - Ana M Ramos-Levi
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba 14014, Spain
| | - Ana Serrano-Somavilla
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Alicia Villa-Osaba
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba 14014, Spain
| | - Magdalena Adrados
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba 14014, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-Pérez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | | | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba 14014, Spain
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24
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Molè D, Gentilin E, Ibañez-Costa A, Gagliano T, Gahete MD, Tagliati F, Rossi R, Pelizzo MR, Pansini G, Luque RM, Castaño JP, degli Uberti E, Zatelli MC. The expression of the truncated isoform of somatostatin receptor subtype 5 associates with aggressiveness in medullary thyroid carcinoma cells. Endocrine 2015; 50:442-52. [PMID: 25854304 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The truncated somatostatin receptor variant sst5TMD4 associates with increased invasiveness and aggressiveness in breast cancer. We previously found that sst5 activation may counteract sst2 selective agonist effects in a medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) cell line, the TT cells, and that sst5TMD4 is overexpressed in poorly differentiated thyroid cancers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate sst5TMD4 expression in a series of human MTC and to explore the functional role of sst5TMD4 in TT cells. We evaluated sst5TMD4 and sst5 expression in 36 MTC samples. Moreover, we investigated the role of sst5TMD4 in TT cells evaluating cell number, DNA synthesis, free cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i), calcitonin and vascular endothelial growth factor levels, cell morphology, protein expression, and invasion. We found that in MTC the balance between sst5TMD4 and sst5 expression influences disease stage. sst5TMD4 overexpression in TT cells confers a greater growth capacity, blocks sst2 agonist-induced antiproliferative effects, modifies the cell phenotype, decreases E-cadherin and phosphorylated β-catenin levels, increases vimentin, total β-catenin and phosphorylated GSK3B levels (in keeping with the development of epithelial to mesenchymal transition), and confers a greater invasion capacity. This is the first evidence indicating that sst5TMD4 is expressed in human MTC cells, where it associates with more aggressive behavior, suggesting that sst5TMD4 might play a functionally relevant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Molè
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erica Gentilin
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alejandro Ibañez-Costa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Federico Tagliati
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Pelizzo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padua, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pansini
- Depatment of Surgery, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ettore degli Uberti
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy.
- Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Luque RM, Sampedro-Nuñez M, Gahete MD, Ramos-Levi A, Ibáñez-Costa A, Rivero-Cortés E, Serrano-Somavilla A, Adrados M, Culler MD, Castaño JP, Marazuela M. In1-ghrelin, a splice variant of ghrelin gene, is associated with the evolution and aggressiveness of human neuroendocrine tumors: Evidence from clinical, cellular and molecular parameters. Oncotarget 2015; 6:19619-33. [PMID: 26124083 PMCID: PMC4637309 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin system comprises a complex family of peptides, receptors (GHSRs), and modifying enzymes [e.g. ghrelin-O-acyl-transferase (GOAT)] that control multiple pathophysiological processes. Aberrant alternative splicing is an emerging cancer hallmark that generates altered proteins with tumorigenic capacity. Indeed, In1-ghrelin and truncated-GHSR1b splicing variants can promote development/progression of certain endocrine-related cancers. Here, we determined the expression levels of key ghrelin system components in neuroendocrine tumor (NETs) and explored their potential functional role. Twenty-six patients with NETs were prospectively/retrospectively studied [72 samples from primary and metastatic tissues (30 normal/42 tumors)] and clinical data were obtained. The role of In1-ghrelin in aggressiveness was studied in vitro using NET cell lines (BON-1/QGP-1). In1-ghrelin, GOAT and GHSR1a/1b expression levels were elevated in tumoral compared to normal/adjacent tissues. Moreover, In1-ghrelin, GOAT, and GHSR1b expression levels were positively correlated within tumoral, but not within normal/adjacent samples, and were higher in patients with progressive vs. with stable/cured disease. Finally, In1-ghrelin increased aggressiveness (e.g. proliferation/migration) of NET cells. Altogether, our data strongly suggests a potential implication of ghrelin system in the pathogenesis and/or clinical outcome of NETs, and warrant further studies on their possible value for the future development of molecular biomarkers with diagnostic/prognostic/therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul M Luque
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomèdica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutricón (CIBERObn), Córdoba, España
| | - Miguel Sampedro-Nuñez
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomèdica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutricón (CIBERObn), Córdoba, España
| | - Ana Ramos-Levi
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomèdica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutricón (CIBERObn), Córdoba, España
| | - Esther Rivero-Cortés
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomèdica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutricón (CIBERObn), Córdoba, España
| | - Ana Serrano-Somavilla
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - Magdalena Adrados
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, España
| | | | - Justo P Castaño
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomèdica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutricón (CIBERObn), Córdoba, España
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, España
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Puig Domingo M. Treatment of acromegaly in the era of personalized and predictive medicine. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:3-14. [PMID: 25640882 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acromegaly is a chronic disorder usually diagnosed late in the disease evolution. Such delayed diagnosis, together with the inability to achieve the treatment goals of normalizing biochemical disease markers and controlling tumour mass may result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Somatostatin analogues (SSA) are accepted as first-line medical therapy or as second-line therapy in patients undergoing unsuccessful surgery and are considered a cornerstone in the treatment of acromegaly. However, because a high percentage of patients experience SSA medical treatment failure, the identification of biomarkers associated with a successful or unsuccessful response to all classes of medical therapy would help in the choice of treatment and potentially allow for a quicker normalization of biochemical parameters. The current treatment algorithms for acromegaly are based upon a "trial-and-error" approach with additional treatment options provided when disease is not controlled. In many other diseases, therapeutic algorithms have been evolving towards personalized treatment with the medication that best matches individual disease characteristics, using biomarkers that identify therapeutic response. Additionally, a personalized approach to complementary treatment of comorbidities present in the acromegalic patient is also required. This review will discuss the development of a potential treatment algorithm for acromegaly addressing the biochemical control of the disease as well of its associated comorbidities, under a personalized approach based upon markers of prognostic and predictive significance, such as tumour size, MRI adenoma signal, GH value after acute octreotide test, granular adenoma pattern, Ki-67, somatostatin receptor phenotype, aryl hydrocarbon-interacting protein expression, gsp mutations, RAF kinase activity, E-cadherin and beta-arrestin-1.
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Luque RM, Ibáñez-Costa A, Neto LV, Taboada GF, Hormaechea-Agulla D, Kasuki L, Venegas-Moreno E, Moreno-Carazo A, Gálvez MÁ, Soto-Moreno A, Kineman RD, Culler MD, Gahete MD, Gadelha MR, Castaño JP. Truncated somatostatin receptor variant sst5TMD4 confers aggressive features (proliferation, invasion and reduced octreotide response) to somatotropinomas. Cancer Lett 2015; 359:299-306. [PMID: 25637790 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The GH/IGF1 response of somatotropinomas to somatostatin analogues (SSA) is associated with their pattern of somatostatin receptor (sst1-sst5) expression. Recently, we demonstrated that expression of a truncated sst5-variant (sst5TMD4) can influence the secretory response of somatotropinomas to SSA-therapy; however, its potential relationship with aggressive features (e.g. invasion/proliferation) is still unknown. Here, we show that sst5TMD4 is present in 50% of non-functioning pituitary-adenomas (NFPA) (n = 30) and 89% of somatotropinomas (n = 36), its expression levels being highest in somatotropinomas > > NFPAs > > > normal pituitaries (negligible expression; n = 8). In somatotropinomas, sst5TMD4 mRNA and protein levels correlated positively, and its expression was directly associated with tumor invasiveness (cavernous/sphenoid sinus), and inversely correlated with age and GH/IGF1 reduction after 3-6 months with octreotide-LAR therapy. GNAS+ somatotropinomas expressed lower sst5TMD4 levels. ROC analysis revealed sst5TMD4 expression as the only marker, within all sst-subtypes, capable to predict tumor invasiveness in somatotropinomas. sst5TMD4 overexpression increased cell viability in cultured somatotropinoma (n = 5). Hence, presence of sst5TMD4 associates with increased aggressive features and worse prognosis in somatotropinomas, thereby providing a potentially useful tool to refine somatotropinoma diagnosis, predict outcome of clinical response to SSA-therapy and develop new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl M Luque
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), and Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia.; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición; Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), and Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia.; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición; Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Leonardo Vieira Neto
- Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Endocrinology Section, Federal Hospital of Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giselle F Taboada
- Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitario Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Hormaechea-Agulla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), and Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia.; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición; Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Leandro Kasuki
- Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eva Venegas-Moreno
- Metabolism and Nutrition Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville 41013, Spain
| | | | - María Ángeles Gálvez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Alfonso Soto-Moreno
- Metabolism and Nutrition Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Rhonda D Kineman
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Division, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Manuel D Gahete
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), and Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia.; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición; Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mônica R Gadelha
- Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), and Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia.; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición; Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
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Gahete MD, Luque RM, Yubero-Serrano EM, Cruz-Teno C, Ibañez-Costa A, Delgado-Lista J, Gracia-Navarro F, Perez-Jimenez F, Castaño JP, Lopez-Miranda J. Dietary fat alters the expression of cortistatin and ghrelin systems in the PBMCs of elderly subjects: putative implications in the postprandial inflammatory response. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1897-906. [PMID: 24995559 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary fat influences systemic inflammatory status, which determines the progression of age-associated diseases. Since somatostatin (SST), cortistatin (CORT), and ghrelin systems modulate inflammatory response, we aim to comprehensively characterize the presence and regulation of the components of these systems in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs), a subset of white blood cells placed at the crossroad between diet and inflammation, in response to diets with different fat composition, and during the postprandial phase in elderly subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS The applied nutrigenomic, inflammation-related PBMC-based approach revealed that the majority of components of SST/CORT and ghrelin systems are present in the human PBMCs. Particularly, CORT, SST/CORT receptors (sst2, sst3, sst5, and sst5TMD4), ghrelin, its acylating enzyme (GOAT), In1-ghrelin variant, and GHSR1b were detected in PBMCs. Their expression was altered in the long-term by diet composition, and in the short-term, during the postprandial phase. Of particular relevance is the postprandial elevation of CORT, sst2, and sst5 expression in PBMCs of subjects under n-3 PUFAs-enriched diet. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a potential relevant role of CORT/ssts and ghrelin systems in regulating PBMCs response to nutrient intake, which could help to explain the positive effects of n-3 PUFAs-enriched diets in reducing the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D Gahete
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain; Lipid and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, IMIBIC and CIBERObn, Córdoba, Spain
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