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Chan AH, Ho TCS, Fathoni I, Pope R, Saliba KJ, Leeper FJ. Inhibition of Thiamine Diphosphate-Dependent Enzymes by Triazole-Based Thiamine Analogues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:621-628. [PMID: 37197459 PMCID: PMC10184313 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine is metabolized into the coenzyme thiamine diphosphate (ThDP). Interrupting thiamine utilization leads to disease states. Oxythiamine, a thiamine analogue, is metabolized into oxythiamine diphosphate (OxThDP), which inhibits ThDP-dependent enzymes. Oxythiamine has been used to validate thiamine utilization as an anti-malarial drug target. However, high oxythiamine doses are needed in vivo because of its rapid clearance, and its potency decreases dramatically with thiamine levels. We report herein cell-permeable thiamine analogues possessing a triazole ring and a hydroxamate tail replacing the thiazolium ring and diphosphate groups of ThDP. We characterize their broad-spectrum competitive inhibition of ThDP-dependent enzymes and of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation. We demonstrate how the cellular thiamine-utilization pathway can be probed by using our compounds and oxythiamine in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex H.
Y. Chan
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Terence C. S. Ho
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Imam Fathoni
- Research
School of Biology, The Australian National
University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rebecca Pope
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Kevin J. Saliba
- Research
School of Biology, The Australian National
University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Finian J. Leeper
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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Semreen AM, Alsoud LO, El-Huneidi W, Ahmed M, Bustanji Y, Abu-Gharbieh E, El-Awady R, Ramadan WS, Alqudah MA, Shara M, Abuhelwa AY, Soares NC, Semreen MH, Alzoubi KH. Metabolomics Analysis Revealed Significant Metabolic Changes in Brain Cancer Cells Treated with Paclitaxel and/or Etoposide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13940. [PMID: 36430415 PMCID: PMC9693830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the central nervous system (CNS) is ranked as the 19th most prevalent form of the disease in 2020. This study aims to identify candidate biomarkers and metabolic pathways affected by paclitaxel and etoposide, which serve as potential treatments for glioblastoma, and are linked to the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. We utilized an untargeted metabolomics approach using the highly sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) for identification. In this study, 92 and 94 metabolites in U87 and U373 cell lines were profiled, respectively. The produced metabolites were then analyzed utilizing t-tests, volcano plots, and enrichment analysis modules. Our analysis revealed distinct metabolites to be significantly dysregulated (nutriacholic acid, L-phenylalanine, L-arginine, guanosine, ADP, hypoxanthine, and guanine), and to a lesser extent, mevalonic acid in paclitaxel and/or etoposide treated cells. Furthermore, both urea and citric acid cycles, and metabolism of polyamines and amino acids (aspartate, arginine, and proline) were significantly enriched. These findings can be used to create a map that can be utilized to assess the antitumor effect of paclitaxel and/or etoposide within the studied cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam M. Semreen
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leen Oyoun Alsoud
- Research Institute for Medical Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- Research Institute for Medical Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munazza Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Research Institute for Medical Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wafaa S. Ramadan
- Research Institute for Medical Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad A.Y. Alqudah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohd Shara
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Y. Abuhelwa
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nelson C. Soares
- Research Institute for Medical Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- Research Institute for Medical Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Xing J, Jia Z, Li Y, Han Y. Construction of immunotherapy-related prognostic gene signature and small molecule drug prediction for cutaneous melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:939385. [PMID: 35957907 PMCID: PMC9358033 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.939385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous melanoma (CM), a kind of skin cancer with a high rate of advanced mortality, exhibits a wide variety of driver and transmitter gene alterations in the immunological tumor microenvironment (TME) associated with tumor cell survival and proliferation. Methods We analyzed the immunological infiltration of TME cells in normal and malignant tissues using 469 CM and 556 normal skin samples. We used a single sample gene set enrichment assay (ssGSEA) to quantify the relative abundance of 28 cells, then used the LASSO COX regression model to develop a riskScore prognostic model, followed by a small molecule drug screening and molecular docking validation, which was then validated using qRT-PCR and IHC. Results We developed a prognosis model around seven essential protective genes for the first time, dramatically elevated in tumor tissues, as did immune cell infiltration. Multivariate Cox regression results indicated that riskScore is an independent and robust prognostic indicator, and its predictive value in immunotherapy was verified. Additionally, we identified Gabapentin as a possible small molecule therapeutic for CM. Conclusions A riskScore model was developed in this work to analyze patient prognosis, TME cell infiltration features, and treatment responsiveness. The development of this model not only aids in predicting patient response to immunotherapy but also has significant implications for the development of novel immunotherapeutic agents and the promotion of tailored treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Xing
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziqi Jia
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Han, ; Yan Li,
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Han, ; Yan Li,
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Chang LC, Chiang SK, Chen SE, Hung MC. Targeting 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase for cancer treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1436-1455. [PMID: 35530286 PMCID: PMC9077069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also called Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle, is an amphoteric pathway, contributing to catabolic degradation and anaplerotic reactions to supply precursors for macromolecule biosynthesis. Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc, also called α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) a highly regulated enzyme in TCA cycle, converts α-ketoglutarate (αKG) to succinyl-Coenzyme A in accompany with NADH generation for ATP generation through oxidative phosphorylation. The step collaborates with glutaminolysis at an intersectional point to govern αKG levels for energy production, nucleotide and amino acid syntheses, and the resources for macromolecule synthesis in cancer cells with rapid proliferation. Despite being a flavoenzyme susceptible to electron leakage contributing to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, OGDHc is highly sensitive to peroxides such as HNE (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) and moreover, its activity mediates the activation of several antioxidant pathways. The characteristics endow OGDHc as a critical redox sensor in mitochondria. Accumulating evidences suggest that dysregulation of OGDHc impairs cellular redox homeostasis and disturbs substrate fluxes, leading to a buildup of oncometabolites along the pathogenesis and development of cancers. In this review, we describe molecular interactions, regulation of OGDHc expression and activity and its relationships with diseases, specifically focusing on cancers. In the end, we discuss the potential of OGDHs as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chu Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kai Chiang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Ei Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung 40227, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung 40227, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing UniversityTaiwan
- Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Deparment of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 413, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
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Garcia-Bermudez J, Williams RT, Guarecuco R, Birsoy K. Targeting extracellular nutrient dependencies of cancer cells. Mol Metab 2020; 33:67-82. [PMID: 31926876 PMCID: PMC7056928 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells rewire their metabolism to meet the energetic and biosynthetic demands of their high proliferation rates and environment. Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells may result in strong dependencies on nutrients that could be exploited for therapy. While these dependencies may be in part due to the nutrient environment of tumors, mutations or expression changes in metabolic genes also reprogram metabolic pathways and create addictions to extracellular nutrients. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the major nutrient dependencies of cancer cells focusing on their discovery and potential mechanisms by which metabolites become limiting for tumor growth. We further detail available therapeutic interventions based on these metabolic features and highlight opportunities for restricting nutrient availability as an anti-cancer strategy. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Strategies to limit nutrients required for tumor growth using dietary interventions or nutrient degrading enzymes have previously been suggested for cancer therapy. The best clinical example of exploiting cancer nutrient dependencies is the treatment of leukemia with l-asparaginase, a first-line chemotherapeutic that depletes serum asparagine. Despite the success of nutrient starvation in blood cancers, it remains unclear whether this approach could be extended to other solid tumors. Systematic studies to identify nutrient dependencies unique to individual tumor types have the potential to discover targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Garcia-Bermudez
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Robert T Williams
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rohiverth Guarecuco
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kıvanç Birsoy
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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mTOR Regulation of Metabolism in Hematologic Malignancies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020404. [PMID: 32053876 PMCID: PMC7072383 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic cells rewire their metabolism, acquiring a selective advantage over normal cells and a protection from therapeutic agents. The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in a variety of cellular activities, including the control of metabolic processes. mTOR is hyperactivated in a large number of tumor types, and among them, in many hematologic malignancies. In this article, we summarized the evidence from the literature that describes a central role for mTOR in the acquisition of new metabolic phenotypes for different hematologic malignancies, in concert with other metabolic modulators (AMPK, HIF1α) and microenvironmental stimuli, and shows how these features can be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
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Bunik VI. Redox-Driven Signaling: 2-Oxo Acid Dehydrogenase Complexes as Sensors and Transmitters of Metabolic Imbalance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1911-1947. [PMID: 30187773 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This article develops a holistic view on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes. Recent Advances: Catalytic and structural properties of the complexes and their components evolved to minimize damaging effects of side reactions, including ROS generation, simultaneously exploiting the reactions for homeostatic signaling. CRITICAL ISSUES Side reactions of the complexes, characterized in vitro, are analyzed in view of protein interactions and conditions in vivo. Quantitative data support prevalence of the forward 2-oxo acid oxidation over the backward NADH oxidation in feeding physiologically significant ROS production by the complexes. Special focus on interactions between the active sites within 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes highlights the central relevance of the complex-bound thiyl radicals in regulation of and signaling by complex-generated ROS. The thiyl radicals arise when dihydrolipoyl residues of the complexes regenerate FADH2 from the flavin semiquinone coproduced with superoxide anion radical in 1e- oxidation of FADH2 by molecular oxygen. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Interaction of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes with thioredoxins (TRXs), peroxiredoxins, and glutaredoxins mediates scavenging of the thiyl radicals and ROS generated by the complexes, underlying signaling of disproportional availability of 2-oxo acids, CoA, and NAD+ in key metabolic branch points through thiol/disulfide exchange and medically important hypoxia-inducible factor, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and sirtuins. High reactivity of the coproduced ROS and thiyl radicals to iron/sulfur clusters and nitric oxide, peroxynitrite reductase activity of peroxiredoxins and transnitrosylating function of thioredoxin, implicate the side reactions of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes in nitric oxide-dependent signaling and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I Bunik
- 1 Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,2 Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Liu X, Montissol S, Uber A, Ganley S, Grossestreuer AV, Berg K, Heydrick S, Donnino MW. The Effects of Thiamine on Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061464. [PMID: 29914147 PMCID: PMC6100081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Thiamine is an important cofactor for multiple metabolic processes. Its role in cancer has been debated for years. Our aim is to determine if thiamine can convert the cellular metabolic state of breast cancer cells from anaerobic to aerobic, thus reducing their growth. (2) Methods: Breast cancer (MCF7) and non-tumorigenic (MCF10A) cell lines were treated with various doses of thiamine and assessed for changes in cell growth. The mechanism of this relationship was identified through the measurement of enzymatic activity and metabolic changes. (3) Results: A high dose of thiamine reduced cell proliferation in MCF7 (63% decrease, p < 0.0001), but didn’t affect apoptosis and the cell-cycle profile. Thiamine had a number of effects in MCF7; it (1) reduced extracellular lactate levels in growth media, (2) increased cellular pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activities and the baseline and maximum cellular oxygen consumption rates, and (3) decreased non-glycolytic acidification, glycolysis, and glycolytic capacity. MCF10A cells preferred mitochondrial respiration instead of glycolysis. In contrast, MCF7 cells were more resistant to mitochondrial respiration, which may explain the inhibitory effect of thiamine on their proliferation. (4) Conclusions: The treatment of MCF7 breast cancer cells with 1 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL of thiamine for 24 h significantly reduced their proliferation. This reduction is associated with a reduction in glycolysis and activation of the PDH complex in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Sophia Montissol
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Amy Uber
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Sarah Ganley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Anne V Grossestreuer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Katherine Berg
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Stanley Heydrick
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Michael W Donnino
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Bunik VI, Brand MD. Generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by side reactions of mitochondrial 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes in isolation and in cells. Biol Chem 2018; 399:407-420. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mitochondrial 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes oxidize 2-oxoglutarate, pyruvate, branched-chain 2-oxoacids and 2-oxoadipate to the corresponding acyl-CoAs and reduce NAD+ to NADH. The isolated enzyme complexes generate superoxide anion radical or hydrogen peroxide in defined reactions by leaking electrons to oxygen. Studies using isolated mitochondria in media mimicking cytosol suggest that the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes contribute little to the production of superoxide or hydrogen peroxide relative to other mitochondrial sites at physiological steady states. However, the contributions may increase under pathological conditions, in accordance with the high maximum capacities of superoxide or hydrogen peroxide-generating reactions of the complexes, established in isolated mitochondria. We assess available data on the use of modulations of enzyme activity to infer superoxide or hydrogen peroxide production from particular 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes in cells, and limitations of such methods to discriminate specific superoxide or hydrogen peroxide sources in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I. Bunik
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology , Lomonosov Moscow State University , 119992 Moscow , Russia
| | - Martin D. Brand
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging , 8001 Redwood Blvd. , Novato, CA 94945 , USA
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Tsepkova PM, Artiukhov AV, Boyko AI, Aleshin VA, Mkrtchyan GV, Zvyagintseva MA, Ryabov SI, Ksenofontov AL, Baratova LA, Graf AV, Bunik VI. Thiamine Induces Long-Term Changes in Amino Acid Profiles and Activities of 2-Oxoglutarate and 2-Oxoadipate Dehydrogenases in Rat Brain. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:723-736. [PMID: 28601082 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917060098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of long-term changes in brain metabolism after thiamine administration (single i.p. injection, 400 mg/kg) were investigated. Protocols for discrimination of the activities of the thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent 2-oxoglutarate and 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenases were developed to characterize specific regulation of the multienzyme complexes of the 2-oxoglutarate (OGDHC) and 2-oxoadipate (OADHC) dehydrogenases by thiamine. The thiamine-induced changes depended on the brain-region-specific expression of the ThDP-dependent dehydrogenases. In the cerebral cortex, the original levels of OGDHC and OADHC were relatively high and not increased by thiamine, whereas in the cerebellum thiamine upregulated the OGDHC and OADHC activities, whose original levels were relatively low. The effects of thiamine on each of the complexes were different and associated with metabolic rearrangements, which included (i) the brain-region-specific alterations of glutamine synthase and/or glutamate dehydrogenase and NADP+-dependent malic enzyme, (ii) the brain-region-specific changes of the amino acid profiles, and (iii) decreased levels of a number of amino acids in blood plasma. Along with the assays of enzymatic activities and average levels of amino acids in the blood and brain, the thiamine-induced metabolic rearrangements were assessed by analysis of correlations between the levels of amino acids. The set and parameters of the correlations were tissue-specific, and their responses to the thiamine treatment provided additional information on metabolic changes, compared to that gained from the average levels of amino acids. Taken together, the data suggest that thiamine decreases catabolism of amino acids by means of a complex and long-term regulation of metabolic flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which includes coupled changes in activities of the ThDP-dependent dehydrogenases of 2-oxoglutarate and 2-oxoadipate and adjacent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Tsepkova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
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Jackson KL, Lin WL, Miriyala S, Dayton RD, Panchatcharam M, McCarthy KJ, Castanedes-Casey M, Dickson DW, Klein RL. p62 Pathology Model in the Rat Substantia Nigra with Filamentous Inclusions and Progressive Neurodegeneration. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169291. [PMID: 28076378 PMCID: PMC5226781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the proteins most frequently found in neuropathological lesions is the ubiquitin binding protein p62 (sequestosome 1). Post-mortem analysis of p62 is a defining diagnostic marker in several neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and inclusion body myositis. Since p62 functions in protein degradation pathways including autophagy, the build-up of p62-positive inclusions suggests defects in protein clearance. p62 was expressed unilaterally in the rat substantia nigra with an adeno-associated virus vector (AAV9) in order to study p62 neuropathology. Inclusions formed within neurons from several days to several weeks after gene transfer. By electron microscopy, the inclusions were found to contain packed 10 nm thick filaments, and mitochondria cristae structure was disrupted, resulting in the formation of empty spaces. In corollary cell culture transfections, p62 clearly impaired mitochondrial function. To probe for potential effects on macroautophagy, we co-expressed p62 with a double fluorescent tagged reporter for the autophagosome protein LC3 in the rat. p62 induced a dramatic and specific dissociation of the two tags. By 12 weeks, a rotational behavior phenotype manifested, consistent with a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons analyzed post-mortem. p62 overexpression resulted in a progressive and robust pathology model with neuronal inclusions and neurodegeneration. p62 gene transfer could be a novel methodological probe to disrupt mitochondrial function or autophagy in the brain and other tissues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey L. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Wen-Lang Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Sumitra Miriyala
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Robert D. Dayton
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Manikandan Panchatcharam
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. McCarthy
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | | | - Dennis W. Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Ronald L. Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bunik V, Aleshin V. Analysis of the Protein Binding Sites for Thiamin and Its Derivatives to Elucidate the Molecular Mechanisms of the Noncoenzyme Action of Thiamin (Vitamin B1). STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63930-1.00011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cancarini I, Krogh V, Agnoli C, Grioni S, Matullo G, Pala V, Pedraglio S, Contiero P, Riva C, Muti P, Sieri S. Micronutrients Involved in One-Carbon Metabolism and Risk of Breast Cancer Subtypes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138318. [PMID: 26376452 PMCID: PMC4574438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamins involved in one-carbon metabolism are hypothesized to influence breast cancer (BC) risk. However, epidemiologic studies that examined associations between B vitamin intake and BC risk have provided inconsistent results. We prospectively examined, in the Italian ORDET cohort, whether B vitamin consumption was associated with risk of BC and BC subtypes. Methods After a mean follow-up of 16.5 years, 391 BCs were diagnosed among 10,786 cohort women. B vitamin intakes were estimated from food frequency questionnaires. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for energy intake and confounders, estimated hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BC according to intake. Results RRs were 0.61 (95% CI 0.38–0.97 highest vs. lowest quartile; P trend 0.025) for thiamine; 0.48 (95% CI 0.32–0.71; P trend <0.001) for riboflavin; 0.59 (95% CI 0.39–0.90; P trend 0.008) for vitamin B6, and 0.65 (95% CI 0.44–0.95; P trend 0.021) for folate. As regards risk of BC subtypes, high riboflavin and folate were significantly associated with lower risk of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and progesterone receptor positive (PR+) cancers, and high thiamine was associated with lower risk of ER-PR- cancers. High riboflavin was associated with lower risk of both HER2+ and HER2- cancers, high folate with lower risk of HER2- disease, and high thiamine with HER2+ disease. Conclusions These findings support protective effects of thiamine and one-carbon metabolism vitamins (folate, riboflavin, and vitamin B6) against BC in general; while folate may also protect against ER+PR+ and HER2- disease; and thiamine against ER-PR-, and HER2+ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cancarini
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino and Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Pala
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Pedraglio
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Contiero
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Riva
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Paola Muti
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Molecular mechanisms of the non-coenzyme action of thiamin in brain: biochemical, structural and pathway analysis. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26212886 PMCID: PMC4515825 DOI: 10.1038/srep12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiamin (vitamin B1) is a pharmacological agent boosting central metabolism through the action of the coenzyme thiamin diphosphate (ThDP). However, positive effects, including improved cognition, of high thiamin doses in neurodegeneration may be observed without increased ThDP or ThDP-dependent enzymes in brain. Here, we determine protein partners and metabolic pathways where thiamin acts beyond its coenzyme role. Malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and pyridoxal kinase were identified as abundant proteins binding to thiamin- or thiazolium-modified sorbents. Kinetic studies, supported by structural analysis, revealed allosteric regulation of these proteins by thiamin and/or its derivatives. Thiamin triphosphate and adenylated thiamin triphosphate activate glutamate dehydrogenase. Thiamin and ThDP regulate malate dehydrogenase isoforms and pyridoxal kinase. Thiamin regulation of enzymes related to malate-aspartate shuttle may impact on malate/citrate exchange, responsible for exporting acetyl residues from mitochondria. Indeed, bioinformatic analyses found an association between thiamin- and thiazolium-binding proteins and the term acetylation. Our interdisciplinary study shows that thiamin is not only a coenzyme for acetyl-CoA production, but also an allosteric regulator of acetyl-CoA metabolism including regulatory acetylation of proteins and acetylcholine biosynthesis. Moreover, thiamin action in neurodegeneration may also involve neurodegeneration-related 14-3-3, DJ-1 and β-amyloid precursor proteins identified among the thiamin- and/or thiazolium-binding proteins.
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Grimm M, Calgéer B, Teriete P, Biegner T, Munz A, Reinert S. Targeting thiamine-dependent enzymes for metabolic therapies in oral squamous cell carcinoma? Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 18:196-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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