1
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Manara MC, Manferdini C, Cristalli C, Carrabotta M, Santi S, De Feo A, Caldoni G, Pasello M, Landuzzi L, Lollini PL, Salamanna F, Dominici S, Fiori V, Magnani M, Lisignoli G, Scotlandi K. Engagement of CD99 Activates Distinct Programs in Ewing Sarcoma and Macrophages. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:247-260. [PMID: 38051221 PMCID: PMC10835215 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is the second most common pediatric bone tumor. The EWS tumor microenvironment is largely recognized as immune-cold, with macrophages being the most abundant immune cells and their presence associated with worse patient prognosis. Expression of CD99 is a hallmark of EWS cells, and its targeting induces inhibition of EWS tumor growth through a poorly understood mechanism. In this study, we analyzed CD99 expression and functions on macrophages and investigated whether the concomitant targeting of CD99 on both tumor and macrophages could explain the inhibitory effect of this approach against EWS. Targeting CD99 on EWS cells downregulated expression of the "don't eat-me" CD47 molecule but increased levels of the "eat-me" phosphatidyl serine and calreticulin molecules on the outer leaflet of the tumor cell membrane, triggering phagocytosis and digestion of EWS cells by macrophages. In addition, CD99 ligation induced reprogramming of undifferentiated M0 macrophages and M2-like macrophages toward the inflammatory M1-like phenotype. These events resulted in the inhibition of EWS tumor growth. Thus, this study reveals what we believe to be a previously unrecognized function of CD99, which engenders a virtuous circle that delivers intrinsic cell death signals to EWS cells, favors tumor cell phagocytosis by macrophages, and promotes the expression of various molecules and cytokines, which are pro-inflammatory and usually associated with tumor regression. This raises the possibility that CD99 may be involved in boosting the antitumor activity of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Manara
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Manferdini
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Cristalli
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Carrabotta
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Spartaco Santi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Feo
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Caldoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Pasello
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Gina Lisignoli
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Brookes MJ, Roundhill EA, Jeys L, Parry M, Burchill SA, Rankin KS. Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase as predictor of survival and candidate therapeutic target in Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29959. [PMID: 36106829 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common primary bone malignancy, with an urgent need for new treatments. ES is associated with high rates of progression and relapse, driven by drug-resistant cells capable of migration, self-renewal and single-cell tumorigenesis, termed cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a membrane-bound proteolytic enzyme, which, via direct and indirect mechanisms, digests four of the main types of collagen. This can be hijacked in malignancy for invasion and metastasis, with high expression predicting decreased survival in multiple cancers. In this study, we have examined the hypothesis that MT1-MMP is expressed by ES cells and explored the relationship between expression and outcomes. PROCEDURE MT1-MMP expression in ES established cell lines, primary patient-derived cultures and daughter ES-CSCs was characterised by RNA sequencing, Western blotting, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect MT1-MMP in tumour biopsies, and the relationship between expression, event-free and overall survival examined. RESULTS MT1-MMP was detected at both RNA and protein levels in five of six established cell lines, all primary cultures (n = 25) and all daughter ES-CSCs (n = 7). Immunohistochemistry of treatment-naïve biopsy tissue demonstrated that high MT1-MMP expression predicted decreased event-free and overall survival (p = .017 and .036, respectively; n = 47); this was not significant in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS MT1-MMP is expressed by ES cells, including ES-CSCs, making it a candidate therapeutic target. The level of MT1-MMP expression at diagnosis may be considered as a prognostic biomarker if validated by retrospective analysis of a larger cohort of clinical trial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Brookes
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Roundhill
- Children's Cancer Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Lee Jeys
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Northfield, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael Parry
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Northfield, Birmingham, UK
| | - Susan A Burchill
- Children's Cancer Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Kenneth S Rankin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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De Feo A, Pazzaglia L, Ciuffarin L, Mangiagli F, Pasello M, Simonetti E, Pellegrini E, Ferrari C, Bianchi G, Spazzoli B, Scotlandi K. miR-214-3p Is Commonly Downregulated by EWS-FLI1 and by CD99 and Its Restoration Limits Ewing Sarcoma Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071762. [PMID: 35406534 PMCID: PMC8997046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS), the second most frequent primary tumor of bone in the pediatric population, is a very aggressive, undifferentiated mesenchymal malignancy with a high tendency to develop lung and/or bone metastasis. The prognosis of patients with metastasis remains dismal, and new strategies are needed to control the dissemination of EWS cells. EWS is driven by alterations induced by the EWS-FLI1 chimera which acts as an aberrant transcriptional factor that induces the complete reprograming of the gene expression. EWS cells are also characterized by high expression of CD99, a cell surface molecule that interacts with EWS-FLI1 to sustain EWS malignancy. This study shows that miR-214-3p is a common mediator of EWS-FLI1 and CD99, and we report that miR-214-3p acts as on oncosuppressor in EWS. MiR-214-3p is constitutively repressed in cell lines and clinical samples but is re-expressed after the silencing of EWS-FLI1 and/or CD99. The restoration of miR-214-3p limits EWS cell growth and migration and represses the expression of its target HMGA1, supporting the potential role of this miRNA as a marker of tumor aggressiveness. Abstract Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS), an aggressive pediatric bone and soft-tissue sarcoma, has a very stable genome with very few genetic alterations. Unlike in most cancers, the progression of EWS appears to depend on epigenetic alterations. EWS–FLI1 and CD99, the two hallmarks of EWS, are reported to severely impact the malignancy of EWS cells, at least partly by regulating the expression of several types of non-coding RNAs. Here, we identify miR-214-3p as a common mediator of either EWS-FLI1 or CD99 by in silico analysis. MiR-214-3p expression was lower in EWS cells and in clinical samples than in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and this miRNA was barely expressed in metastatic lesions. Silencing of EWS-FLI1 or CD99 restored the expression of miR-214-3p, leading to a reduced cell growth and migration. Mechanistically, miR-214-3p restoration inhibits the expression of the high-mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) protein, a validated target of miR-214-3p and a major regulator of the transcriptional machinery. The decrease in HMGA1 expression reduced the growth and the migration of EWS cells. Taken together, our results support that the miR-214-3p is constitutively repressed by both EWS-FLI1 and CD99 because it acts as an oncosuppressor limiting the dissemination of EWS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Feo
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.F.); (K.S.); Tel.: +39-051-6366760 (K.S.); +39-051-6366937 (A.D.F.); Fax: +39-051-6366763 (A.D.F. & K.S.)
| | - Laura Pazzaglia
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Lisa Ciuffarin
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Fabio Mangiagli
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Michela Pasello
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Elisa Simonetti
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Evelin Pellegrini
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Cristina Ferrari
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Bianchi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Third Orthopaedic Clinic and Traumatology, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Benedetta Spazzoli
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Third Orthopaedic Clinic and Traumatology, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.F.); (K.S.); Tel.: +39-051-6366760 (K.S.); +39-051-6366937 (A.D.F.); Fax: +39-051-6366763 (A.D.F. & K.S.)
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Korsching E, Matschke J, Hotfilder M. Splice variants denote differences between a cancer stem cell side population of EWSR1‑ERG‑based Ewing sarcoma cells, its main population and EWSR1‑FLI‑based cells. Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:39. [PMID: 35088879 PMCID: PMC8815407 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a challenging cancer entity, which, besides the characteristic presence of a fusion gene, is driven by multiple alternative splicing events. So far, splice variants in Ewing sarcoma cells were mainly analyzed for EWSR1‑FLI1. The present study provided a comprehensive alternative splicing study on CADO‑ES1, an Ewing model cell line for an EWSR1‑ERG fusion gene. Based on a well‑-characterized RNA‑sequencing dataset with extensive control mechanisms across all levels of analysis, the differential spliced genes in Ewing cancer stem cells were ATP13A3 and EPB41, while the main population was defined by ACADVL, NOP58 and TSPAN3. All alternatively spliced genes were further characterized by their Gene Ontology (GO) terms and by their membership in known protein complexes. These results confirm and extend previous studies towards a systematic whole‑transcriptome analysis. A highlight is the striking segregation of GO terms associated with five basic splice events. This mechanistic insight, together with a coherent integration of all observations with prior knowledge, indicates that EWSR1‑ERG is truly a close twin to EWSR1‑FLI1, but still exhibits certain individuality. Thus, the present study provided a measure of variability in Ewing sarcoma, whose understanding is essential both for clinical procedures and basic mechanistic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Korsching
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, D‑48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Julian Matschke
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, D‑48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marc Hotfilder
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, D‑48149 Münster, Germany
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5
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Balestra T, Manara MC, Laginestra MA, Pasello M, De Feo A, Bassi C, Guerzoni C, Landuzzi L, Lollini PL, Donati DM, Negrini M, Magnani M, Scotlandi K. Targeting CD99 Compromises the Oncogenic Effects of the Chimera EWS-FLI1 by Inducing Reexpression of Zyxin and Inhibition of GLI1 Activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:58-69. [PMID: 34667115 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma, a highly aggressive pediatric tumor, is driven by EWS-FLI1, an oncogenic transcription factor that remodels the tumor genetic landscape. Epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role in Ewing sarcoma pathogenesis, and the therapeutic value of compounds targeting epigenetic pathways is being identified in preclinical models. Here, we showed that modulation of CD99, a cell surface molecule highly expressed in Ewing sarcoma cells, may alter transcriptional dysregulation in Ewing sarcoma through control of the zyxin-GLI1 axis. Zyxin is transcriptionally repressed, but GLI1 expression is maintained by EWS-FLI1. We demonstrated that targeting CD99 with antibodies, including the human diabody C7, or genetically inhibiting CD99 is sufficient to increase zyxin expression and induce its dynamic nuclear accumulation. Nuclear zyxin functionally affects GLI1, inhibiting targets such as NKX2-2, cyclin D1, and PTCH1 and upregulating GAS1, a tumor suppressor protein negatively regulated by SHH/GLI1 signaling. We used a battery of functional assays to demonstrate (i) the relationship between CD99/zyxin and tumor cell growth/migration and (ii) how CD99 deprivation from the Ewing sarcoma cell surface is sufficient to specifically affect the expression of some crucial EWS-FLI1 targets, both in vitro and in vivo, even in the presence of EWS-FLI1. This article reveals that the CD99/zyxin/GLI1 axis is promising therapeutic target for reducing Ewing sarcoma malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Balestra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Michela Pasello
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Feo
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristian Bassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, and "Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Clara Guerzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- Clinica Ortopedica III, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, and "Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Fano, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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6
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Giordano F, Lenna S, Rampado R, Brozovich A, Hirase T, Tognon MG, Martini F, Agostini M, Yustein JT, Taraballi F. Nanodelivery Systems Face Challenges and Limitations in Bone Diseases Management. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Giordano
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital Houston Methodist, 6565 Fannin Street Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Stefania Lenna
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital Houston Methodist, 6565 Fannin Street Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Riccardo Rampado
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital Houston Methodist, 6565 Fannin Street Houston TX 77030 USA
- First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua Padua 35124 Italy
- Nano‐Inspired Biomedicine Laboratory Institute of Pediatric Research—Città della Speranza Padua Italy
| | - Ava Brozovich
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital Houston Methodist, 6565 Fannin Street Houston TX 77030 USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine 8447 Highway 47 Bryan TX 77807 USA
| | - Takashi Hirase
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital Houston Methodist, 6565 Fannin Street Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Mauro G. Tognon
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua Padua 35124 Italy
- Nano‐Inspired Biomedicine Laboratory Institute of Pediatric Research—Città della Speranza Padua Italy
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital Houston Methodist, 6565 Fannin Street Houston TX 77030 USA
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7
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Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a rare tumor developed in bone and soft tissues of children and teenagers. This entity is biologically led by a chromosomal translocation, typically including EWS and FLI1 genes. Little is known about Ewing sarcoma predisposition, although the role of environmental factors, ethnicity and certain polymorphisms on Ewing sarcoma susceptibility has been studied during the last few years. Its prevalence among cancer predisposition syndromes has also been thoroughly examined. This review summarizes the available evidence on predisposing factors involved in Ewing sarcoma susceptibility. On the basis of these data, an integrated approach of the most influential factors on Ewing sarcoma predisposition is proposed.
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8
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Huijbers EJM, van der Werf IM, Faber LD, Sialino LD, van der Laan P, Holland HA, Cimpean AM, Thijssen VLJL, van Beijnum JR, Griffioen AW. Targeting Tumor Vascular CD99 Inhibits Tumor Growth. Front Immunol 2019; 10:651. [PMID: 31001265 PMCID: PMC6455290 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD99 (MIC2; single-chain type-1 glycoprotein) is a heavily O-glycosylated transmembrane protein (32 kDa) present on leukocytes and activated endothelium. Expression of CD99 on endothelium is important in lymphocyte diapedesis. CD99 is a diagnostic marker for Ewing's Sarcoma (EWS), as it is highly expressed by these tumors. It has been reported that CD99 can affect the migration, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Our results show that CD99 is also highly expressed in the tumor vasculature of most solid tumors. Furthermore, we found that in vitro CD99 expression in cultured endothelial cells is induced by starvation. Targeting of murine CD99 by a conjugate vaccine, which induced antibodies against CD99 in mice, resulted in inhibition of tumor growth in both a tumor model with high CD99 (Os-P0109 osteosarcoma) and low CD99 (CT26 colon carcinoma) expression. We demonstrated that vaccination against CD99 is safe, since no toxicity was observed in mice with high antibody titers against CD99 in their sera during a period of almost 11 months. Targeting of CD99 in humans is more complicated due to the fact that the human and mouse CD99 protein are not identical. We are the first to show that growth factor activated endothelial cells express a distinct human CD99 isoform. We conclude that our observations provide an opportunity for specific targeting of CD99 isoforms in human tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J M Huijbers
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Inge M van der Werf
- Hematology Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisette D Faber
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lena D Sialino
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pia van der Laan
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanna A Holland
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anca M Cimpean
- Department of Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center Timisoara, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Victor L J L Thijssen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Puerto-Camacho P, Amaral AT, Lamhamedi-Cherradi SE, Menegaz BA, Castillo-Ecija H, Ordóñez JL, Domínguez S, Jordan-Perez C, Diaz-Martin J, Romero-Pérez L, Lopez-Alvarez M, Civantos-Jubera G, Robles-Frías MJ, Biscuola M, Ferrer C, Mora J, Cuglievan B, Schadler K, Seifert O, Kontermann R, Pfizenmaier K, Simón L, Fabre M, Carcaboso ÁM, Ludwig JA, de Álava E. Preclinical Efficacy of Endoglin-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Ewing Sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:2228-2240. [PMID: 30420447 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endoglin (ENG; CD105) is a coreceptor of the TGFβ family that is highly expressed in proliferating endothelial cells. Often coopted by cancer cells, ENG can lead to neo-angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry in aggressive malignancies. It exists both as a transmembrane cell surface protein, where it primarily interacts with TGFβ, and as a soluble matricellular protein (sENG) when cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14). High ENG expression has been associated with poor prognosis in Ewing sarcoma, an aggressive bone cancer that primarily occurs in adolescents and young adults. However, the therapeutic value of ENG targeting has not been fully explored in this disease. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We characterized the expression pattern of transmembrane ENG, sENG, and MMP14 in preclinical and clinical samples. Subsequently, the antineoplastic potential of two novel ENG-targeting monoclonal antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), OMTX503 and OMTX703, which differed only by their drug payload (nigrin-b A chain and cytolysin, respectively), was assessed in cell lines and preclinical animal models of Ewing sarcoma. RESULTS Both ADCs suppressed cell proliferation in proportion to the endogenous levels of ENG observed in vitro. Moreover, the ADCs significantly delayed tumor growth in Ewing sarcoma cell line-derived xenografts and patient-derived xenografts in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these studies demonstrate potent preclinical activity of first-in-class anti-ENG ADCs as a nascent strategy to eradicate Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Puerto-Camacho
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Teresa Amaral
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Brian A Menegaz
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Helena Castillo-Ecija
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Ordóñez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Jordan-Perez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Diaz-Martin
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Romero-Pérez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Lopez-Alvarez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Gema Civantos-Jubera
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - María José Robles-Frías
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Michele Biscuola
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Jaume Mora
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Spain
| | - Branko Cuglievan
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Keri Schadler
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ángel M Carcaboso
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph A Ludwig
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain.
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10
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Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis has captured the attention of many scientists. It is believed that elimination of CSCs could possibly eradicate the whole cancer. CSC surface markers provide molecular targeted therapies for various cancers, using therapeutic antibodies specific for the CSC surface markers. Various CSC surface markers have been identified and published. Interestingly, most of the markers used to identify CSCs are derived from surface markers present on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or adult stem cells. In this review, we classify the currently known 40 CSC surface markers into 3 different categories, in terms of their expression in hESCs, adult stem cells, and normal tissue cells. Approximately 73% of current CSC surface markers appear to be present on embryonic or adult stem cells, and they are rarely expressed on normal tissue cells. The remaining CSC surface markers are considerably expressed even in normal tissue cells, and some of them have been extensively validated as CSC surface markers by various research groups. We discuss the significance of the categorized CSC surface markers, and provide insight into why surface markers on hESCs are an attractive source to find novel surface markers on CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Tae Kim
- Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Chun Jeih Ryu
- Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
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11
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Martinelli M, Parra A, Scapoli L, De Sanctis P, Chiadini V, Hattinger C, Picci P, Zucchini C, Scotlandi K. CD99 polymorphisms significantly influence the probability to develop Ewing sarcoma in earlier age and patient disease progression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77958-77967. [PMID: 27792997 PMCID: PMC5363635 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS), the second most common primary bone tumor in pediatric age, is known for its paucity of recurrent somatic abnormalities. Apart from the chimeric oncoprotein that derives from the fusion of EWS and FLI genes, recent genome-wide association studies have identified susceptibility variants near the EGR2 gene that regulate DNA binding of EWS-FLI. However, to induce transformation, EWS-FLI requires the presence of additional molecular events, including the expression of CD99, a cell surface molecule with critical relevance for the pathogenesis of EWS. High expression of CD99 is a common and distinctive feature of EWS cells, and it has largely been used for the differential diagnosis of the disease. The present study first links CD99 germline genetic variants to the susceptibility of EWS development and its progression. In particular, a panel of 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms has been genotyped in a case-control study. The CD99 rs311059 T variant was found to be significantly associated [P value = 0.0029; ORhet = 3.9 (95% CI 1.5-9.8) and ORhom = 5.3 (95% CI 1.2-23.7)] with EWS onset in patients less than 14 years old, while the CD99 rs312257-T was observed to be associated [P value = 0.0265; ORhet = 3.5 (95% CI 1.3-9.9)] with a reduced risk of relapse. Besides confirming the importance of CD99, our findings indicate that polymorphic variations in this gene may affect either development or progression of EWS, leading to further understanding of this cancer and development of better diagnostics/prognostics for children and adolescents with this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Martinelli
- Dept. of Experimental Diagnostics and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Parra
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Oncology Lab, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,Experimental Oncology Lab, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Scapoli
- Dept. of Experimental Diagnostics and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola De Sanctis
- Dept. of Experimental Diagnostics and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Chiadini
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Oncology Lab, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,Experimental Oncology Lab, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Hattinger
- Experimental Oncology Lab, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- Experimental Oncology Lab, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cinzia Zucchini
- Dept. of Experimental Diagnostics and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Oncology Lab, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,Experimental Oncology Lab, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Abstract
The cell surface molecule CD99 has gained interest because of its involvement in regulating cell differentiation and adhesion/migration of immune and tumor cells. However, the molecule plays an intriguing and dual role in different cell types. In particular, it acts as a requirement for cell malignancy or as an oncosuppressor in tumors. In addition, the gene encodes for two different isoforms, which also act in opposition inside the same cell. This review highlights key studies focusing on the dual role of CD99 and its isoforms and discusses major critical issues, challenges, and strategies for overcoming those challenges. The review specifically underscores the properties that make the molecule an attractive therapeutic target and identifies new relationships and areas of study that may be exploited. The elucidation of the spatial and temporal control of the expression of CD99 in normal and tumor cells is required to obtain a full appreciation of this molecule and its signaling.
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13
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Pasello M, Manara MC, Scotlandi K. CD99 at the crossroads of physiology and pathology. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:55-68. [PMID: 29305692 PMCID: PMC5842202 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD99 is a cell surface protein with unique features and only partly defined mechanisms of action. This molecule is involved in crucial biological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, death, differentiation and diapedesis, and it influences processes associated with inflammation, immune responses and cancer. CD99 is frequently overexpressed in many types of tumors, particularly pediatric tumors including Ewing sarcoma and specific subtypes of leukemia. Engagement of CD99 induces the death of malignant cells through non-conventional mechanisms. In Ewing sarcoma, triggering of CD99 by specific monoclonal antibodies activates hyperstimulation of micropinocytosis and leads to cancer cells killing through a caspase-independent, non-apoptotic pathway resembling methuosis. This process is characterized by extreme accumulation of vacuoles in the cytoplasmic space, which compromises cell viability, requires the activation of RAS-Rac1 downstream signaling and appears to be rather specific for tumor cells. In addition, anti-CD99 monoclonal antibodies exhibit antitumor activities in xenografts in the absence of immune effector cells or complement proteins. Overall, these data establish CD99 as a new opportunity to treat patients with high expression of CD99, particularly those that are resistant to canonical apoptosis-inducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pasello
- Experimental Oncology Lab, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- Experimental Oncology Lab, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Experimental Oncology Lab, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
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14
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Garba A, Desmarets LMB, Acar DD, Devriendt B, Nauwynck HJ. Immortalized porcine mesenchymal cells derived from nasal mucosa, lungs, lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow retain their stemness properties and trigger the expression of siglec-1 in co-cultured blood monocytic cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186343. [PMID: 29036224 PMCID: PMC5642917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells have been isolated from different sources. They are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into many different cell types, including osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes. They possess a therapeutic potential in the management of immune disorders and the repair of damaged tissues. Previous work in our laboratory showed an increase of the percentages of CD172a+, CD14+, CD163+, Siglec-1+, CD4+ and CD8+ hematopoietic cells, when co-cultured with immortalized mesenchymal cells derived from bone marrow. The present work aimed to demonstrate the stemness properties of SV40-immortalized mesenchymal cells derived from nasal mucosa, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes and red bone marrow and their immunomodulatory effect on blood monocytes. Mesenchymal cells from nasal mucosa, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes and red bone marrow were isolated and successfully immortalized using simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40LT) and later, co-cultured with blood monocytes, in order to examine their differentiation stage (expression of Siglec-1). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the five mesenchymal cell lines were positive for mesenchymal cell markers CD105, CD44, CD90 and CD29, but lacked the expression of myeloid cell markers CD16 and CD11b. Growth analysis of the cells demonstrated that bone marrow derived-mesenchymal cells proliferated faster compared with those derived from the other tissues. All five mesenchymal cell lines co-cultured with blood monocytes for 1, 2 and 7 days triggered the expression of siglec-1 in the monocytes. In contrast, no siglec-1+ cells were observed in monocyte cultures without mesenchymal cell lines. Mesenchymal cells isolated from nasal mucosa, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow were successfully immortalized and these cell lines retained their stemness properties and displayed immunomodulatory effects on blood monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Garba
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lowiese M. B. Desmarets
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Delphine D. Acar
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hans J. Nauwynck
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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15
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Rellinger EJ, Padmanabhan C, Qiao J, Appert A, Waterson AG, Lindsley CW, Beauchamp RD, Chung DH. ML327 induces apoptosis and sensitizes Ewing sarcoma cells to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:463-468. [PMID: 28716733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ewing sarcomas are rare mesenchymal-derived bone and soft tissue tumors in children. Afflicted children with distant metastases have poor survival despite aggressive therapeutics. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in epithelial carcinomas is associated with loss of E-cadherin and resistance to apoptosis. ML327 is a novel small molecule that we have previously shown to reverse epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition features in both epithelial and neural crest-derived cancers. Herein, we sought to evaluate the effects of ML327 on mesenchymal-derived Ewing sarcoma cells, hypothesizing that ML327 initiates growth arrest and sensitizes to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. ML327 induced protein expression changes, increased E-cadherin and decreased vimentin, consistent with partial induction of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in multiple Ewing Sarcoma cell lines (SK-N-MC, TC71, and ES-5838). Induction of epithelial features was associated with apoptosis, as demonstrated by PARP and Caspase 3 cleavage by immunoblotting. Cell cycle analysis validated these findings by marked induction of the subG0 cell population. In vitro combination treatment with TRAIL demonstrated additive induction of apoptotic markers. Taken together, these findings establish a rationale for further in vivo trials of ML327 in cells of mesenchymal origin both alone and in combination with TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Rellinger
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, United States; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | | | - Jingbo Qiao
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, United States; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Andrew Appert
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Alex G Waterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, United States
| | - R Daniel Beauchamp
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, United States; Department of Cancer Biology, United States; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, United States
| | - Dai H Chung
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, United States; Department of Cancer Biology, United States; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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16
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Sheffield NC, Pierron G, Klughammer J, Datlinger P, Schönegger A, Schuster M, Hadler J, Surdez D, Guillemot D, Lapouble E, Freneaux P, Champigneulle J, Bouvier R, Walder D, Ambros IM, Hutter C, Sorz E, Amaral AT, de Álava E, Schallmoser K, Strunk D, Rinner B, Liegl-Atzwanger B, Huppertz B, Leithner A, de Pinieux G, Terrier P, Laurence V, Michon J, Ladenstein R, Holter W, Windhager R, Dirksen U, Ambros PF, Delattre O, Kovar H, Bock C, Tomazou EM. DNA methylation heterogeneity defines a disease spectrum in Ewing sarcoma. Nat Med 2017; 23:386-395. [PMID: 28134926 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Developmental tumors in children and young adults carry few genetic alterations, yet they have diverse clinical presentation. Focusing on Ewing sarcoma, we sought to establish the prevalence and characteristics of epigenetic heterogeneity in genetically homogeneous cancers. We performed genome-scale DNA methylation sequencing for a large cohort of Ewing sarcoma tumors and analyzed epigenetic heterogeneity on three levels: between cancers, between tumors, and within tumors. We observed consistent DNA hypomethylation at enhancers regulated by the disease-defining EWS-FLI1 fusion protein, thus establishing epigenomic enhancer reprogramming as a ubiquitous and characteristic feature of Ewing sarcoma. DNA methylation differences between tumors identified a continuous disease spectrum underlying Ewing sarcoma, which reflected the strength of an EWS-FLI1 regulatory signature and a continuum between mesenchymal and stem cell signatures. There was substantial epigenetic heterogeneity within tumors, particularly in patients with metastatic disease. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive assessment of epigenetic heterogeneity in Ewing sarcoma and thereby highlights the importance of considering nongenetic aspects of tumor heterogeneity in the context of cancer biology and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Sheffield
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gaelle Pierron
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Service de Genetique, Pole de Medecine Diagnostique et Theranostique, Unité de Génétique Somatique, Paris, France
| | - Johanna Klughammer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Datlinger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schönegger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Hadler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Didier Surdez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U830, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Guillemot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Service de Genetique, Pole de Medecine Diagnostique et Theranostique, Unité de Génétique Somatique, Paris, France
| | - Eve Lapouble
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Service de Genetique, Pole de Medecine Diagnostique et Theranostique, Unité de Génétique Somatique, Paris, France
| | - Paul Freneaux
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Service de Pathologie, Pole de Medecine Diagnostique et Theranostique, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Champigneulle
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Hopitaux de Brabois, Hopital d'Adultes, Nancy, France
| | - Raymonde Bouvier
- Centre de Pathologie du Pôle Est, Hopitaux de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Diana Walder
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingeborg M Ambros
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Hutter
- St. Anna Children's Hospital, St. Anna Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Sorz
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana T Amaral
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Institute for Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Beate Rinner
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Berthold Huppertz
- Organizational Unit of Research Infrastructure, Biobank Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gonzague de Pinieux
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Universitaire Trousseau, Tours, France
| | | | - Valérie Laurence
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Service de Genetique, Pole de Medecine Diagnostique et Theranostique, Unité de Génétique Somatique, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Departement d'Oncologie Pédiatrique Adolescent Jeunes Adultes, Paris, France
| | - Jean Michon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Departement d'Oncologie Pédiatrique Adolescent Jeunes Adultes, Paris, France
| | - Ruth Ladenstein
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Children's Hospital, St. Anna Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holter
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Children's Hospital, St. Anna Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Department of Orthopedics, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Uta Dirksen
- University Hospital Münster, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter F Ambros
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Service de Genetique, Pole de Medecine Diagnostique et Theranostique, Unité de Génétique Somatique, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U830, Paris, France
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleni M Tomazou
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
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17
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18
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Ventura S, Aryee DNT, Felicetti F, De Feo A, Mancarella C, Manara MC, Picci P, Colombo MP, Kovar H, Carè A, Scotlandi K. CD99 regulates neural differentiation of Ewing sarcoma cells through miR-34a-Notch-mediated control of NF-κB signaling. Oncogene 2015; 35:3944-54. [PMID: 26616853 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are mesenchymal tumors characterized by blocked differentiation process. In Ewing sarcoma (EWS) both CD99 and EWS-FLI1 concur to oncogenesis and inhibition of differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that uncoupling CD99 from EWS-FLI1 by silencing the former, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling is inhibited and the neural differentiation program is re-established. NF-κB inhibition passes through miR-34a-mediated repression of Notch pathway. CD99 counteracts EWS-FLI1 in controlling NF-κB signaling through the miR-34a, which is increased and secreted into exosomes released by CD99-silenced EWS cells. Delivery of exosomes from CD99-silenced cells was sufficient to induce neural differentiation in recipient EWS cells through miR-34a inhibition of Notch-NF-κB signaling. Notably, even the partial delivery of CD99 small interfering RNA may have a broad effect on the entire tumor cell population owing to the spread operated by their miR-34a-enriched exosomes, a feature opening to a new therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ventura
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Rizzoli Istituto Ortopedico, Bologna, Italy
| | - D N T Aryee
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Felicetti
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - A De Feo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - C Mancarella
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Rizzoli Istituto Ortopedico, Bologna, Italy
| | - M C Manara
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Rizzoli Istituto Ortopedico, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Picci
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Rizzoli Istituto Ortopedico, Bologna, Italy
| | - M P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS 'Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori', Milan, Italy
| | - H Kovar
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Carè
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - K Scotlandi
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Rizzoli Istituto Ortopedico, Bologna, Italy
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19
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Gordon DJ, Motwani M, Pellman D. Modeling the initiation of Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis in differentiating human embryonic stem cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:3092-102. [PMID: 26455317 PMCID: PMC4829493 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic transformation in Ewing sarcoma tumors is driven by the fusion oncogene EWS-FLI1. However, despite the well-established role of EWS-FLI1 in tumor initiation, the development of models of Ewing sarcoma in human cells with defined genetic elements has been challenging. Here, we report a novel approach to model the initiation of Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis that exploits the developmental and pluripotent potential of human embryonic stem cells. The inducible expression of EWS-FLI1 in embryoid bodies, or collections of differentiating stem cells, generates cells with properties of Ewing sarcoma tumors, including characteristics of transformation. These cell lines exhibit anchorage-independent growth, a lack of contact inhibition and a strong Ewing sarcoma gene expression signature. Furthermore, these cells also demonstrate a requirement for the persistent expression of EWS-FLI1 for cell survival and growth, which is a hallmark Ewing sarcoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Gordon
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Motwani
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Pellman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Muñiz C, Teodosio C, Mayado A, Amaral AT, Matarraz S, Bárcena P, Sanchez ML, Alvarez-Twose I, Diez-Campelo M, García-Montero AC, Blanco JF, Del Cañizo MC, del Pino Montes J, Orfao A. Ex vivo identification and characterization of a population of CD13(high) CD105(+) CD45(-) mesenchymal stem cells in human bone marrow. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:169. [PMID: 26347461 PMCID: PMC4562124 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. Their multipotential capacity and immunomodulatory properties have led to an increasing interest in their biological properties and therapeutic applications. Currently, the definition of MSCs relies on a combination of phenotypic, morphological and functional characteristics which are typically evaluated upon in vitro expansion, a process that may ultimately lead to modulation of the immunophenotypic, functional and/or genetic features of these cells. Therefore, at present there is great interest in providing markers and phenotypes for direct in vivo and ex vivo identification and isolation of MSCs. Methods Multiparameter flow cytometry immunophenotypic studies were performed on 65 bone marrow (BM) samples for characterization of CD13high CD105+ CD45– cells. Isolation and expansion of these cells was performed in a subset of samples in parallel to the expansion of MSCs from mononuclear cells following currently established procedures. The protein expression profile of these cells was further assessed on (paired) primary and in vitro expanded BM MSCs, and their adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential was also determined. Results Our results show that the CD13high CD105+ CD45− immunophenotype defines a minor subset of cells that are systematically present ex vivo in normal/reactive BM (n = 65) and that display immunophenotypic features, plastic adherence ability, and osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacities fully compatible with those of MSCs. In addition, we also show that in vitro expansion of these cells modulates their immunophenotypic characteristics, including changes in the expression of markers currently used for the definition of MSCs, such as CD105, CD146 and HLA-DR. Conclusions BM MSCs can be identified ex vivo in normal/reactive BM, based on a robust CD13high CD105+ and CD45− immunophenotypic profile. Furthermore, in vitro expansion of these cells is associated with significant changes in the immunophenotypic profile of MSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0152-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Muñiz
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain. .,Spanish Net on Aging and Frailty (RETICEF) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Teodosio
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain. .,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Mayado
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Ana Teresa Amaral
- The Molecular Pathology group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville - Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain.
| | - Sergio Matarraz
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Paloma Bárcena
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Maria Luz Sanchez
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Iván Alvarez-Twose
- Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain.
| | - María Diez-Campelo
- Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Andrés C García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Juan F Blanco
- Spanish Net on Aging and Frailty (RETICEF) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Orthopedics Service, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.
| | | | - Javier del Pino Montes
- Spanish Net on Aging and Frailty (RETICEF) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Rheumatology Service, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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21
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Ordóñez JL, Amaral AT, Carcaboso AM, Herrero-Martín D, García-Macías MDC, Sevillano V, Alonso D, Pascual-Pasto G, San-Segundo L, Vila-Ubach M, Rodrigues T, Fraile S, Teodosio C, Mayo-Iscar A, Aracil M, Galmarini CM, Tirado OM, Mora J, de Álava E. The PARP inhibitor olaparib enhances the sensitivity of Ewing sarcoma to trabectedin. Oncotarget 2015; 6:18875-90. [PMID: 26056084 PMCID: PMC4662461 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent preclinical evidence has suggested that Ewing Sarcoma (ES) bearing EWSR1-ETS fusions could be particularly sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPinh) in combination with DNA damage repair (DDR) agents. Trabectedin is an antitumoral agent that modulates EWSR1-FLI1 transcriptional functions, causing DNA damage. Interestingly, PARP1 is also a transcriptional regulator of EWSR1-FLI1, and PARPinh disrupts the DDR machinery. Thus, given the impact and apparent specificity of both agents with regard to the DNA damage/DDR system and EWSR1-FLI1 activity in ES, we decided to explore the activity of combining PARPinh and Trabectedin in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The combination of Olaparib and Trabectedin was found to be highly synergistic, inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and the accumulation of G2/M. The drug combination also enhanced γH2AX intranuclear accumulation as a result of DNA damage induction, DNA fragmentation and global DDR deregulation, while EWSR1-FLI1 target expression remained unaffected. The effect of the drug combination was corroborated in a mouse xenograft model of ES and, more importantly, in two ES patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in which the tumors showed complete regression. In conclusion, the combination of the two agents leads to a biologically significant deregulation of the DDR machinery that elicits relevant antitumor activity in preclinical models and might represent a promising therapeutic tool that should be further explored for translation to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Ordóñez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Teresa Amaral
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Angel M. Carcaboso
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Preclinical Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Research Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Herrero-Martín
- Sarcoma Research Group, Laboratori d'Oncología Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María del Carmen García-Macías
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Vicky Sevillano
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Diego Alonso
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Guillem Pascual-Pasto
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Preclinical Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Research Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura San-Segundo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Monica Vila-Ubach
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Preclinical Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Research Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu Barcelona, Spain
| | - Telmo Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana Fraile
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Teodosio
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Agustín Mayo-Iscar
- Statistics and Operations Research Department, University of Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel Aracil
- Cell Biology and Pharmacogenomics Department, Pharmamar, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Oscar M. Tirado
- Sarcoma Research Group, Laboratori d'Oncología Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Preclinical Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Research Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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22
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Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Possible Culprits in Solid Tumors? Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:914632. [PMID: 26273308 PMCID: PMC4530290 DOI: 10.1155/2015/914632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of bone marrow derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) in different settings ranging from tissue engineering to immunotherapies has prompted investigations on the properties of these cells in a variety of other tissues. Particularly the role of MSCs in solid tumors has been the subject of many experimental approaches. While a clear phenotypical distinction of tumor associated fibroblasts (TAFs) and MSCs within the tumor microenvironment is still missing, the homing of bone marrow MSCs in tumor sites has been extensively studied. Both, tumor-promoting and tumor-inhibiting effects of BM-MSCs have been described in this context. This ambiguity requires a reappraisal of the different studies and experimental methods employed. Here, we review the current literature on tumor-promoting and tumor-inhibiting effects of BM-MSCs with a particular emphasis on their interplay with components of the immune system and also highlight a potential role of MSCs as cell of origin for certain mesenchymal tumors.
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23
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Trancău IO, Huică R, Surcel M, Munteanu A, Ursaciuc C. Detection of EWS/FLI-1 fusion in non-Ewing soft tissue tumors. J Med Life 2015; 8:85-9. [PMID: 25914746 PMCID: PMC4397529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES EWS/FLI-1 fusion mainly appears in Ewing's sarcoma or the primitive neuroectodermal tumors and represents a genomic marker for these tumors. However, it can appear with lower frequency in other soft tissue tumors. The paper investigates the presence of EWS/FLI-1 fusion in clinically diagnosed sarcoma belonging to different non-Ewing connective tissue tumors in order to search for a possible new biomarker valuable for investigators. METHODOLOGY 20 patients with soft tissue tumors, who underwent surgery, were tested. Intra-operative samples of normal and tumor tissue were collected for histopathological diagnosis and genetics determinations. The patients' RNA from tumor and normal peritumoral tissue was extracted and EWS/FLI-1 fusion screened by quantitative real-time PCR. The relative expression of the fusion in the tumor sample was compared to the similar expression in normal tissue. RESULTS The amplification in the threshold zone was shown by 5 samples (25%): 2 clear cell sarcoma, 1 fibrosarcoma, 1 malignant tumor of nerve sheath, 1 metastatic adenocarcinoma. We differentiated between the unspecific amplification and concluded that these are weak positive results. CONCLUSIONS Genomic investigation may establish the tumor malignancy and its possible affiliation earlier than histopathology. It can support the screening of EWS/FLI-1 fusion in a larger variety of clinically diagnosed soft tissue tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- IO Trancău
- "Foişor” Orthopedics Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
,“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R Huică
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania,“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M Surcel
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Munteanu
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Ursaciuc
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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24
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Riminucci M, Remoli C, Robey PG, Bianco P. Stem cells and bone diseases: new tools, new perspective. Bone 2015; 70:55-61. [PMID: 25240458 PMCID: PMC5524373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal skeletal stem cells are a unique class of progenitors with biological properties that extend well beyond the limits of stemness as commonly defined. Skeletal stem cells sustain skeletal tissue homeostasis, organize and maintain the complex architectural structure of the bone marrow microenvironment and provide a niche for hematopoietic progenitor cells. The identification of stem cells in the human post-natal skeleton has profoundly changed our approach to the physiology and pathology of this system. Skeletal diseases have been long interpreted essentially in terms of defective function of differentiated cells and/or abnormal turnover of the matrix that they produce. The notion of a skeletal stem cell has brought forth multiple, novel concepts in skeletal biology that provide potential alternative concepts. At the same time, the recognition of the complex functions played by skeletal progenitors, such as the structural and functional organization of the bone marrow, has provided an innovative, unifying perspective for understanding bone and bone marrow changes simultaneously occurring in many disorders. Finally, the possibility to isolate and highly enrich for skeletal progenitors, enables us to reproduce perfectly normal or pathological organ miniatures. These, in turn, provide suitable models to investigate and manipulate the pathogenetic mechanisms of many genetic and non-genetic skeletal diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Stem cells and Bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Remoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Craniofacial and Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paolo Bianco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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25
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Guerzoni C, Fiori V, Terracciano M, Manara MC, Moricoli D, Pasello M, Sciandra M, Nicoletti G, Gellini M, Dominici S, Chiodoni C, Fornasari PM, Lollini PL, Colombo MP, Picci P, Cianfriglia M, Magnani M, Scotlandi K. CD99 Triggering in Ewing Sarcoma Delivers a Lethal Signal through p53 Pathway Reactivation and Cooperates with Doxorubicin. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:146-56. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Round cell tumors of bone are a divergent group of neoplasms that largely constitute Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor, small cell osteosarcoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, mensenchymal chondrosarcoma, and hematopoietic malignancies including lymphoma and plasmacytoma/myeloma, along with metastatic round cell tumors including neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and small cell carcinoma. These lesions share many histomorphologic similarities and often demonstrate overlapping clinical and radiologic characteristics, but typically have a diverse clinical outcome, thus warranting differing therapeutic modalities/regimens. Recent advances in molecular and cytogenetic techniques have identified a number of additional novel entities, including round cell sarcomas harboring CIC-DUX4 and BCOR-CCNB3 fusions, respectively. These novel findings have not only enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of round cell tumors, but also allowed us to reclassify some entities with potential therapeutic and prognostic significance. This article provides an overview focusing on recent molecular genetic advances in primary, nonhematologic round cell tumors of bone.
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27
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Regenerative therapy with mesenchymal stem cells at the site of malignant primary bone tumour resection: what are the risks of early or late local recurrence? INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2014; 38:1825-35. [PMID: 24906983 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-014-2384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is concern that regenerative cell-based therapies at the site of malignant primary bone tumours could result in increased risk of local tumour recurrence. We therefore investigated the long-term risks for site-specific recurrences in patients who had received an autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell suspension to improve healing at the host-to-allograft bone junction of the reconstruction after bone tumour resection. METHODS A total of 92 patients were treated from 1993 to 2003 with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells after bone tumour resection. Patients were monitored for cancer incidence from the date of first operation (1993) until death, or until 31 December 2013. The mean follow-up time was 15.4 years (range ten to 20 years). The average number of MSCs returned to the patient was 234,000 MSCs ± 215,000. The primary outcome was to evaluate the risk of tumorigenesis recurrence at the cell therapy treatment sites with radiographs and/or MRIs. The relative risk of cancer recurrence was expressed as the ratio of observed and expected number of cases according to three different control populations. RESULTS Thirteen recurrences were found at the treatment sites among the 92 patients. The expected number of recurrences based on incidence in the three cohort populations was between 15 and 20 for the same cancer, age and sex distribution. The standardized incidence ratio (equal to observed cancers divided by expected cancers) for the entire follow-up period and for all recurrences was between 0.65 and 0.86 (95 % CI 0.60-1.20). CONCLUSION This study found no increased cancer local recurrence risk in patients after application of autologous cell-based therapy using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells at the treatment site after an average follow-up period of 15.4 years, ranging from ten to 20 years.
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Trancău IO, Huică R, Surcel M, Munteanu A, Ursaciuc C. Detection of EWS/FLI-1 fusion in non-Ewing soft tissue tumors. J Med Life 2014; 7 Spec No. 3:114-9. [PMID: 25870707 PMCID: PMC4391413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES EWS/FLI-1 fusion mainly appears in Ewing's sarcoma or the primitive neuroectodermal tumors and represents a genomic marker for these tumors. However, it can appear with lower frequency in other soft tissue tumors. The paper investigates the presence of EWS/FLI-1 fusion in clinically diagnosed sarcoma belonging to different non-Ewing connective tissue tumors in order to search for a possible new biomarker valuable for investigators. METHODOLOGY 20 patients with soft tissue tumors, who underwent surgery, were tested. Intra-operative samples of normal and tumor tissue were collected for histopathological diagnosis and genetics determinations. The patients' RNA from tumor and normal peritumoral tissue was extracted and EWS/FLI-1 fusion screened by quantitative real-time PCR. The relative expression of the fusion in the tumor sample was compared to the similar expression in normal tissue. RESULTS The amplification in the threshold zone was shown by 5 samples (25%): 2 clear cell sarcoma, 1 fibrosarcoma, 1 malignant tumor of nerve sheath, 1 metastatic adenocarcinoma. We differentiated between the unspecific amplification and concluded that these are weak positive results. CONCLUSIONS Genomic investigation may establish the tumor malignancy and its possible affiliation earlier than histopathology. It can support the screening of EWS/FLI-1 fusion in a larger variety of clinically diagnosed soft tissue tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- IO Trancău
- “Foişor” Orthopedics Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R Huică
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania,“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M Surcel
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Munteanu
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Ursaciuc
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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