1
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Roitberg ES, Recknagel H, Elmer KR, Braña F, Rodríguez Díaz T, Žagar A, Kuranova VN, Epova LA, Bauwens D, Giovine G, Orlova VF, Bulakhova NA, Eplanova GV, Arribas OJ. Viviparity is associated with larger female size and higher sexual size dimorphism in a reproductively bimodal lizard. J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 39225034 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Squamate reptiles are central for studying phenotypic correlates of evolutionary transitions from oviparity to viviparity because these transitions are numerous, with many of them being recent. Several models of life-history theory predict that viviparity is associated with increased female size, and thus more female-biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Yet, the corresponding empirical evidence is overall weak and inconsistent. The lizard Zootoca vivipara, which occupies a major part of Northern Eurasia and includes four viviparous and two non-sister oviparous lineages, represents an excellent model for testing these predictions. We analysed how sex-specific body size and SSD is associated with parity mode, using body length data for nearly 14,000 adult individuals from 97 geographically distinct populations, which cover almost the entire species' range and represent all six lineages. Our analyses controlled for lineage identity, climatic seasonality (the strongest predictor of geographic body size variation in previous studies of this species) and several aspects of data heterogeneity. Parity mode, lineage and seasonality are significantly associated with female size and SSD; the first two predictors accounted for 14%-26% of the total variation each, while seasonality explained 5%-7%. Viviparous populations exhibited a larger female size than oviparous populations, with no concomitant differences in male size. The variation of male size was overall low and poorly explained by our predictors. Albeit fully expected from theory, the strong female bias of the body size differences between oviparous and viviparous populations found in Z. vivipara is not evident from available data on three other lizard systems of closely related lineages differing in parity mode. We confront this pattern with the data on female reproductive traits in the considered systems and the frequencies of evolutionary changes of parity mode in the corresponding lizard families and speculate why the life-history correlates of live-bearing in Z. vivipara are distinct. Comparing conspecific populations, our study provides the most direct evidence for the predicted effect of parity mode on adult body size but also demonstrates that the revealed pattern may not be general. This might explain why across squamates, viviparity is only weakly associated with larger size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny S Roitberg
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans Recknagel
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathryn R Elmer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Florentino Braña
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tania Rodríguez Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Anamarija Žagar
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Dirk Bauwens
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Functional Morphology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Giovine
- Stazione Sperimentale Regionale per Lo Studio e la Conservazione Degli Anfibi in Lombardia-Lago di Endine, Lovere, Italy
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2
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Recknagel H, Leitão HG, Elmer KR. Genetic basis and expression of ventral colour in polymorphic common lizards. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17278. [PMID: 38268086 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Colour is an important visual cue that can correlate with sex, behaviour, life history or ecological strategies, and has evolved divergently and convergently across animal lineages. Its genetic basis in non-model organisms is rarely known, but such information is vital for determining the drivers and mechanisms of colour evolution. Leveraging genetic admixture in a rare contact zone between oviparous and viviparous common lizards (Zootoca vivipara), we show that females (N = 558) of the two otherwise morphologically indistinguishable reproductive modes differ in their ventral colouration (from pale to vibrant yellow) and intensity of melanic patterning. We find no association between female colouration and reproductive investment, and no evidence for selection on colour. Using a combination of genetic mapping and transcriptomic evidence, we identified two candidate genes associated with ventral colour differentiation, DGAT2 and PMEL. These are genes known to be involved in carotenoid metabolism and melanin synthesis respectively. Ventral melanic spots were associated with two genomic regions, including a SNP close to protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) genes. Using genome re-sequencing data, our results show that fixed coding mutations in the candidate genes cannot account for differences in colouration. Taken together, our findings show that the evolution of ventral colouration and its associations across common lizard lineages is variable. A potential genetic mechanism explaining the flexibility of ventral colouration may be that colouration in common lizards, but also across squamates, is predominantly driven by regulatory genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Recknagel
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Henrique G Leitão
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathryn R Elmer
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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3
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Yusuf LH, Saldívar Lemus Y, Thorpe P, Macías Garcia C, Ritchie MG. Genomic Signatures Associated with Transitions to Viviparity in Cyprinodontiformes. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad208. [PMID: 37789509 PMCID: PMC10568250 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from oviparity to viviparity has occurred independently over 150 times across vertebrates, presenting one of the most compelling cases of phenotypic convergence. However, whether the repeated, independent evolution of viviparity is driven by redeployment of similar genetic mechanisms and whether these leave a common signature in genomic divergence remains largely unknown. Although recent investigations into the evolution of viviparity have demonstrated striking similarity among the genes and molecular pathways involved across disparate vertebrate groups, quantitative tests for genome-wide convergent have provided ambivalent answers. Here, we investigate the potential role of molecular convergence during independent transitions to viviparity across an order of ray-finned freshwater fish (Cyprinodontiformes). We assembled de novo genomes and utilized publicly available genomes of viviparous and oviparous species to test for molecular convergence across both coding and noncoding regions. We found no evidence for an excess of molecular convergence in amino acid substitutions and in rates of sequence divergence, implying independent genetic changes are associated with these transitions. However, both statistical power and biological confounds could constrain our ability to detect significant correlated evolution. We therefore identified candidate genes with potential signatures of molecular convergence in viviparous Cyprinodontiformes lineages. Motif enrichment and gene ontology analyses suggest transcriptional changes associated with early morphogenesis, brain development, and immunity occurred alongside the evolution of viviparity. Overall, however, our findings indicate that independent transitions to viviparity in these fish are not strongly associated with an excess of molecular convergence, but a few genes show convincing evidence of convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeban H Yusuf
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Yolitzi Saldívar Lemus
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Peter Thorpe
- The Data Analysis Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- School of Medicine, University of North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Constantino Macías Garcia
- Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City CdMx, Mexico
| | - Michael G Ritchie
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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4
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Whittington CM, Van Dyke JU, Liang SQT, Edwards SV, Shine R, Thompson MB, Grueber CE. Understanding the evolution of viviparity using intraspecific variation in reproductive mode and transitional forms of pregnancy. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1179-1192. [PMID: 35098647 PMCID: PMC9064913 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
How innovations such as vision, flight and pregnancy evolve is a central question in evolutionary biology. Examination of transitional (intermediate) forms of these traits can help address this question, but these intermediate phenotypes are very rare in extant species. Here we explore the biology and evolution of transitional forms of pregnancy that are midway between the ancestral state of oviparity (egg-laying) and the derived state, viviparity (live birth). Transitional forms of pregnancy occur in only three vertebrates, all of which are lizard species that also display intraspecific variation in reproductive phenotype. In these lizards (Lerista bougainvillii, Saiphos equalis, and Zootoca vivipara), geographic variation of three reproductive forms occurs within a single species: oviparity, viviparity, and a transitional form of pregnancy. This phenomenon offers the valuable prospect of watching 'evolution in action'. In these species, it is possible to conduct comparative research using different reproductive forms that are not confounded by speciation, and are of relatively recent origin. We identify major proximate and ultimate questions that can be addressed in these species, and the genetic and genomic tools that can help us understand how transitional forms of pregnancy are produced, despite predicted fitness costs. We argue that these taxa represent an excellent prospect for understanding the major evolutionary shift between egg-laying and live birth, which is a fundamental innovation in the history of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla M. Whittington
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneyHeydon‐Laurence Building A08SydneyNSW2006
| | - James U. Van Dyke
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, School of Molecular SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBuilding 4WodongaVIC3689Australia
| | - Stephanie Q. T. Liang
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneyHeydon‐Laurence Building A08SydneyNSW2006
| | - Scott V. Edwards
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard University, and Museum of Comparative ZoologyCambridgeMA02138U.S.A.
| | - Richard Shine
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
| | - Michael B. Thompson
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneyHeydon‐Laurence Building A08SydneyNSW2006
| | - Catherine E. Grueber
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneyHeydon‐Laurence Building A08SydneyNSW2006
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5
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Recknagel H, Carruthers M, Yurchenko AA, Nokhbatolfoghahai M, Kamenos NA, Bain MM, Elmer KR. The functional genetic architecture of egg-laying and live-bearing reproduction in common lizards. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:1546-1556. [PMID: 34621056 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
All amniotes reproduce either by egg-laying (oviparity), which is ancestral to vertebrates or by live-bearing (viviparity), which has evolved many times independently. However, the genetic basis of these parity modes has never been resolved and, consequently, its convergence across evolutionary scales is currently unknown. Here, we leveraged natural hybridizations between oviparous and viviparous common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) to describe the functional genes and genetic architecture of parity mode and its key traits, eggshell and gestation length, and compared our findings across vertebrates. In these lizards, parity trait genes were associated with progesterone-binding functions and enriched for tissue remodelling and immune system pathways. Viviparity involved more genes and complex gene networks than did oviparity. Angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth and adrenoreceptor pathways were enriched in the viviparous female reproductive tissue, while pathways for transforming growth factor were enriched in the oviparous. Natural selection on these parity mode genes was evident genome-wide. Our comparison to seven independent origins of viviparity in mammals, squamates and fish showed that genes active in pregnancy were related to immunity, tissue remodelling and blood vessel generation. Therefore, our results suggest that pre-established regulatory networks are repeatedly recruited for viviparity and that these are shared at deep evolutionary scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Recknagel
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Madeleine Carruthers
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrey A Yurchenko
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Mohsen Nokhbatolfoghahai
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas A Kamenos
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maureen M Bain
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathryn R Elmer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla M Whittington
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
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7
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Genetic diversity of major histocompatibility complex class I genes in Zootoca vivipara. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222642. [PMID: 32285916 PMCID: PMC7182658 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), as a family of highly polymorphic genes associated with immunity in the genome of the vertebrate, has become an important indicator for assessing the evolutionary potential of wildlife. In order to better protect Zootoca vivipara in the Greater Khingan Range and Lesser Khingan Range, to understand the genetic structure of Z. vivipara, and to explore the mechanism and phylogenetic relationship of the gene polymorphisms, the MHC molecular marker method was used to analyze Z. vivipara population. Forty-seven alleles were obtained from four populations. The four populations were highly polymorphic, rich in genetic information, and had significant genetic diversity. There were certain inbreeding phenomena. There was a high degree of genetic differentiation among populations, which was caused by genetic drift and natural selection. The sequence undergoes genetic duplication and recombination. The existence of trans-species polymorphism was found in the constructed phylogenetic tree. The present study provides a theoretical basis for species protection of Z. vivipara.
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8
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Barnagaud J, Geniez P, Cheylan M, Crochet P. Climate overrides the effects of land use on the functional composition and diversity of Mediterranean reptile assemblages. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Yves Barnagaud
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE‐PSL, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Philippe Geniez
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE‐PSL, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Marc Cheylan
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE‐PSL, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Pierre‐André Crochet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
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9
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Yurchenko AA, Recknagel H, Elmer KR. Chromosome-Level Assembly of the Common Lizard (Zootoca vivipara) Genome. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:1953-1960. [PMID: 32835354 PMCID: PMC7643610 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamate reptiles exhibit high variation in their phenotypic traits and geographical distributions and are therefore fascinating taxa for evolutionary and ecological research. However, genomic resources are very limited for this group of species, consequently inhibiting research efforts. To address this gap, we assembled a high-quality genome of the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara (Lacertidae), using a combination of high coverage Illumina (shotgun and mate-pair) and PacBio sequencing data, coupled with RNAseq data and genetic linkage map generation. The 1.46-Gb genome assembly has a scaffold N50 of 11.52 Mb with N50 contig size of 220.4 kb and only 2.96% gaps. A BUSCO analysis indicates that 97.7% of the single-copy Tetrapoda orthologs were recovered in the assembly. In total, 19,829 gene models were annotated to the genome using a combination of ab initio and homology-based methods. To improve the chromosome-level assembly, we generated a high-density linkage map from wild-caught families and developed a novel analytical pipeline to accommodate multiple paternity and unknown father genotypes. We successfully anchored and oriented almost 90% of the genome on 19 linkage groups. This annotated and oriented chromosome-level reference genome represents a valuable resource to facilitate evolutionary studies in squamate reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Yurchenko
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Recknagel
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn R Elmer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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10
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Horreo JL, Suarez T, Fitze PS. Reversals in complex traits uncovered as reticulation events: Lessons from the evolution of parity-mode, chromosome morphology, and maternal resource transfer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2019; 334:5-13. [PMID: 31650690 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Complex traits include, among many others, the evolution of eyes, wings, body forms, reproductive modes, human intelligence, social behavior, diseases, and chromosome morphology. Dollo's law states that the evolution of complex traits is irreversible. However, potential exceptions have been proposed. Here, we investigated whether reticulation, a simple and elegant means by which complex characters may be reacquired, could account for suggested reversals in the evolution of complex characters using two datasets with sufficient genetic coverage and a total of five potential reversals. Our analyses uncovered a potential reversal in the evolution of parity mode and a potential reversal in the evolution of placentotrophy of fish (Cyprinodontiformes) as reticulation events. Moreover, in a reptile that exhibits a potential reversal from viviparity to oviparity (Zootoca vivipara), reticulation provided the most parsimonious explanation for sex chromosome evolution. Therefore, three of the five studied potential reversals were unraveled as reticulation events. This constitutes the first evidence that accounting for reticulation can fundamentally influence the interpretation of the evolution of complex traits, that testing for reticulation is crucial for obtaining robust phylogenies, and that complex ancestral characters may be reacquired through hybridization with a lineage that still exhibits the trait. Hybridization, rather than reappearance of ancestral traits by means of small evolutionary steps, may thus account for suggested exceptions to Dollo's law. Consequently, ruling out reticulation is required to claim the evolutionary reversal of complex characters and potential exceptions to Dollo's rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Horreo
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,UMIB Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO, CSIC, PA), Oviedo University-Campus Mieres, Spain
| | - Teresa Suarez
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick S Fitze
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Weinell JL, Branch WR, Colston TJ, Jackman TR, Kuhn A, Conradie W, Bauer AM. A species-level phylogeny of Trachylepis (Scincidae: Mabuyinae) provides insight into their reproductive mode evolution. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 136:183-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Kupriyanova LA, Safronova LD, Chekunova AI. Meiotic Chromosomes, Synaptonemal Complexes in a Female Viviparous Lizard (Zootoca vivipara) in Prophase I of Meiosis. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419060085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Mutun S, Dinç S, Çimen E. Population genetic structure and phylogeography of the oak gall wasp Andricus chodjaii (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Turkey as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. ZOOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE EAST 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2019.1609175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serap Mutun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Serdar Dinç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Erhan Çimen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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14
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Recknagel H, Kamenos NA, Elmer KR. Common lizards break Dollo’s law of irreversibility: Genome-wide phylogenomics support a single origin of viviparity and re-evolution of oviparity. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 127:579-588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Cornetti L, Girardi M, Ghielmi S, Vernesi C. Museum specimens indicate genetic erosion in an endangered lizard. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-17000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Genetic variability, one of the main factors that guarantees species persistence, and species’ conservation status are generally evaluated with indices calculated at the present time. Natural history collections might help compare historical and current genetic diversity so to identify major trends. Here we analysed museum specimens of the lizard Zootoca vivipara carniolica, with a specific and stringent protocol for degraded DNA, in order to contrast its past and current genetic variability, using fragments of one mitochondrial DNA gene. Part of the distributional range of Z. v. carniolica (Po Plain, Italy), heavily impacted by human activities, was investigated. We found two previously unknown haplotypes in populations that are extinct today, suggesting the loss of these haplotypes and thus an overall shrinking of genetic variability. We argue that these results, together with the increasing threats posed by climate and land use changes, suggest that specific conservation measures for the persistence of Z. v. carniolica in Northern Italian lowlands have to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cornetti
- 1Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige (TN)
- 2Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, Basel CH-4051, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Girardi
- 1Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige (TN)
| | - Samuele Ghielmi
- 3Tropical Biodiversity Section, MUSE-Science Museum of Trento, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122, Trento, Italy
| | - Cristiano Vernesi
- 1Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige (TN)
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16
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Horreo JL, Peláez ML, Suárez T, Fitze PS. Development and characterization of 79 nuclear markers amplifying in viviparous and oviparous clades of the European common lizard. Genetica 2017; 146:115-121. [PMID: 29143284 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-017-0002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The European common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) is a widely distributed species across Europe and Asia exhibiting two reproductive modes (oviparity/viviparity), six major lineages and several sublineages. It has been used to tackle a large variety of research questions, nevertheless, few nuclear DNA sequence markers have been developed for this species. Here we developed 79 new nuclear DNA sequence markers using a clonation protocol. These markers were amplified in several oviparous and viviparous specimens including samples of all extant clades, to test the amplification success and their diversity. 49.4% of the markers were polymorphic and of those, 51.3% amplified in all and 94.9% amplified in 5-7 of the extant Z. vivipara clades. These new markers will be very useful for the study of the population structure, population dynamics, and micro/macro evolution of Z. vivipara. Cross-species amplification in four lizard species (Psammodromus edwardsianus, Podarcis muralis, Lacerta bilineata, and Takydromus sexlineatus) was positive in several of the markers, and six makers amplified in all five species. The large genetic distance between P. edwardsianus and Z. vivipara further suggests that these markers may as well be employed in many other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Horreo
- Department of Ecology and Evolution (DEE), University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Biodiversity and Ecologic Restoration, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria 16, 22700, Jaca, Spain. .,Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M L Peláez
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB-CSIC), Calle Ramiro de Maetzu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - T Suárez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB-CSIC), Calle Ramiro de Maetzu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - P S Fitze
- Department of Ecology and Evolution (DEE), University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biodiversity and Ecologic Restoration, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria 16, 22700, Jaca, Spain.,Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Araid, Edificio CEEI Aragón, María de Luna 11, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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17
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Candidate genes involved in the evolution of viviparity: a RAD sequencing experiment in the lizard Zootoca vivipara (Squamata: Lacertidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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18
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Rodriguez-Prieto A, Giovine G, Laddaga L, Ghielmi S, Cornetti L. Very similar, but not identical: morphological taxonomic identification to improve the resolution of fine-scale distribution of Zootoca (vivipara) carniolica. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-00003120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Improving the knowledge about the distribution of threatened species is a fundamental step forward for implementing effective measures for species conservation. Distribution maps of herpetological species are often inferred from morphological identification but, in some cases, morphology alone is not reliable for assessing the distribution of look-alike species. The common lizard Zootoca vivipara includes several lineages which, to date, cannot be distinguished by any conventional morphological traits. Therefore, a reliable taxonomic identification for the main Zootoca lineages is only feasible with genetic data. In this study, we identify a morphological trait that can be used to distinguish individuals of the parapatric Z. v. vivipara and Z. carniolica, without the support of molecular analyses. This method may provide a cost-effective tool to better depict the distribution of the threatened Z. carniolica and therefore prioritize the conservation of the locations where the oviparous Alpine lineage is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodriguez-Prieto
- Tropical Biodiversity Section, MUSE-Science Museum of Trento, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giovine
- Stazione Sperimentale per lo studio e la conservazione degli anfibi in Lombardia, Lago di Endine. Via don Zinetti, 1, Casazza, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Laddaga
- Società di Scienze Naturali del Verbano Cusio Ossola, Museo di Scienze Naturali, Collegio Mellerio Rosmini, Domodossola, Italy
| | - Samuele Ghielmi
- Tropical Biodiversity Section, MUSE-Science Museum of Trento, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Cornetti
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, Basel CH-4051, Switzerland
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19
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Cornetti L, Ficetola GF, Hoban S, Vernesi C. Genetic and ecological data reveal species boundaries between viviparous and oviparous lizard lineages. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 115:517-26. [PMID: 26126542 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of cryptic species is an essential aim for conservation biologists to avoid premature extinctions of 'unrecognized' species. Integrating different types of data can undoubtedly aid in resolving the issue of species delimitation. We studied here two lineages of the common lizard Zootoca vivipara that display different reproductive mode (the viviparous Z. v. vivipara and the oviparous Z. v. carniolica) and that overlap their distributional ranges in the European Alps. With the purpose of delimiting species' boundaries, we analyzed their ecological, genetic and natural history features. More than 300 samples were collected and analyzed at cytochrome b and 11 microsatellites loci for investigating genetic variation, population structure, individual relatedness and evolutionary histories of the two lineages. Additionally, we compared their ecological niches using eight ecological variables. Genetic data showed contrasting patterns of genetic structure between the two lineages, different demographic dynamics and no hybridization events. Also strong ecological differences (such as temperature) emerged between the two lineages, and niche overlap was limited. Taken together, these results indicate that Z. v. vivipara and Z. v. carniolica should be recognized as two separate species, and particular conservation consideration should be given to the oviparous lineage that tends to live in areas threatened by increasing impact of human activities. However, recent and rapid climate warming might determine an increasing risk for the persistence of the viviparous lineage, being adapted to cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cornetti
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, University of Ferrara, via Borsari 46, Ferrara, Italy
| | - G F Ficetola
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,LECA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - S Hoban
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - C Vernesi
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
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20
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Liu P, Zhu D, Zhao WG, Ji X. The complete mitochondrial genome of the common lizardZootoca vivipara(Squamata: Lacertidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 27:1944-5. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.971299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Cornetti L, Belluardo F, Ghielmi S, Giovine G, Ficetola GF, Bertorelle G, Vernesi C, Hauffe HC. Reproductive isolation between oviparous and viviparous lineages of the Eurasian common lizardZootoca viviparain a contact zone. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cornetti
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; Via E. Mach 1 38010 San Michele all'Adige Trento Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie; University of Ferrara; Via Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Francesco Belluardo
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; Via E. Mach 1 38010 San Michele all'Adige Trento Italy
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze; University of Milan; Via Festa del Perdono 7 20122 Milan Italy
| | - Samuele Ghielmi
- Museo Insubrico di Storia Naturale di Clivio e Induno Olona; Via Manzoni 215 21050 Clivio Varese Italy
| | - Giovanni Giovine
- Stazione sperimentale regionale per lo studio e la conservazione degli anfibi in Lombardia - Lago di Endine; Via del Cantiere 4 24065 Lovere Bergamo Italy
| | - Gentile F. Ficetola
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1 20126 Milan Italy
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA); Université Grenoble-Alpes; 2233 Rue de la Piscine 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Giorgio Bertorelle
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie; University of Ferrara; Via Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Cristiano Vernesi
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; Via E. Mach 1 38010 San Michele all'Adige Trento Italy
| | - Heidi C. Hauffe
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; Via E. Mach 1 38010 San Michele all'Adige Trento Italy
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