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Krivenko OV, Kuleshova ON, Baiandina IS. Light sensitivity in Beroidae ctenophores: Insights from laboratory studies and genomics. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 296:111694. [PMID: 38992417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Light detection underlies a variety of animal behaviors, including those related to spatial orientation, feeding, avoidance of predators, and reproduction. Ctenophores are likely the oldest animal group in which light sensitivity based on opsins evolved, so they may still have the ancestral molecular mechanisms for photoreception. However, knowledge about ctenophore photosensitivity, associated morphological structures, molecular mechanisms involved, and behavioral reactions is limited and fragmented. We present the initial experiments on the responses of adult Beroe ovata to high-intensity light exposure with different spectra and photosensitivity in various parts of the animal's body. Ctenophores have shown a consistent behavioral response when their aboral organ is exposed to a household-grade laser in the violet spectrum. To investigate the genes responsible for the photosensitivity of Beroidae, we have analyzed transcriptome and genome-wide datasets. We identified three opsins in Beroe that are homologous to those found in Mnemiopsis leidyi (Lobata) and Pleurobrachia bachei (Cydippida). These opsins form clades Ctenopsin1, 2, and 3, respectively. Ctenopsin3 is significantly distinct from other ctenophore opsins and clustered outside the main animal opsin groups. The Ctenopsin1 and Ctenopsin2 groups are sister clusters within the canonical animal opsin tree. These two groups could have originated from gene duplication in the common ancestor of the species we studied and then developed independently in different lineages of Ctenophores. So far, there is no evidence of additional expansion of the opsin family in ctenophore evolution. The involvement of ctenophore opsins in photoreception is discussed by analyzing their protein structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Krivenko
- Laboratory of functional genomics, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Olga N Kuleshova
- Laboratory of functional genomics, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Iuliia S Baiandina
- Laboratory of functional genomics, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Silakov MI, Kuznetsov AV, Temnykh AV, Anninsky BE. Effect of monochromatic light on the behavior of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (A. Agassiz, 1865). Biosystems 2023; 231:104987. [PMID: 37516316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Ctenophores are invertebrate, gelatinous predators that perform complex movements due to their numerous ciliary comb plates. We investigated the behavioral responses of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 to red, green, and blue lights of different powers and fluxes emitted by LEDs or lasers. White LEDs were used to mimic natural sunlight. When laser light was directed to the aboral organ, the animals tended to leave the illumination zone. The blue-light reaction was six times faster than the red-light reaction. The behavioral strategy of the animals changed significantly when their freedom of maneuvering was restricted. Typical locomotions were ranked according to the laser beam avoidance time from the beginning of exposure to going into darkness. The minimum reaction time was required for turning and moving the ctenophore, while moving along the laser beam and turning around required more time. Typical patterns of behavior of M. leidyi in the light flux were established using cluster analysis. Three preferential behavioral strategies were identified for avoiding laser irradiation: 1) body rotation; 2) shifting sideways; and 3) movement with deviation from the beam. The elementary ability of ctenophores to make decisions in situative conditions has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Silakov
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, RAS, Leninsky Avenue 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A V Kuznetsov
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, RAS, Leninsky Avenue 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - A V Temnykh
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, RAS, Leninsky Avenue 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - B E Anninsky
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, RAS, Leninsky Avenue 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Hewitt OH, Degnan SM. Distribution and diversity of ROS-generating enzymes across the animal kingdom, with a focus on sponges (Porifera). BMC Biol 2022; 20:212. [PMID: 36175868 PMCID: PMC9524095 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive derivatives of oxygen (reactive oxygen species; ROS) are essential in signalling networks of all aerobic life. Redox signalling, based on cascades of oxidation-reduction reactions, is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism that uses ROS to regulate an array of vital cellular processes. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2•-) are employed as signalling molecules that alter the oxidation state of atoms, inhibiting or activating gene activity. Here, we conduct metazoan-wide comparative genomic assessments of the two enzyme families, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NADPH oxidases (NOX), that generate H2O2 and/or O2•- in animals. RESULTS Using the genomes of 19 metazoan species representing 10 phyla, we expand significantly on previous surveys of these two ancient enzyme families. We find that the diversity and distribution of both the SOD and NOX enzyme families comprise some conserved members but also vary considerably across phyletic animal lineages. For example, there is substantial NOX gene loss in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and divergent SOD isoforms in the bilaterians D. melanogaster and C. elegans. We focus particularly on the sponges (phylum Porifera), a sister group to all other metazoans, from which these enzymes have not previously been described. Within Porifera, we find a unique calcium-regulated NOX, the widespread radiation of an atypical member of CuZnSOD named Rsod, and a novel endoplasmic reticulum MnSOD that is prevalent across aquatic metazoans. CONCLUSIONS Considering the precise, spatiotemporal specificity of redox signalling, our findings highlight the value of expanding redox research across a greater diversity of organisms to better understand the functional roles of these ancient enzymes within a universally important signalling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia H Hewitt
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Sandie M Degnan
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Diversity and Physiological Tolerance of Native and Invasive Jellyfish/Ctenophores along the Extreme Salinity Gradient of the Baltic Sea. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Global change has led to manifold changes of marine ecosystems and biodiversity world-wide. While it has been shown that certain jellyfish and comb jelly species have increased regionally, it remains to be investigated if this is a general trend or localized phenomenon. Especially for the economically important Baltic Sea, which is characterized by an extreme physical environmental gradient, this question has not been addressed to date. Here we present a detailed account of the gelatinous macro-zooplankton community including their physiological tolerance towards abiotic conditions and resulting distribution ranges in the Baltic. We show that the arrival and establishment of non-indigenous species has led to a rising importance of jellyfish and comb jellies in the Baltic. This accounts for the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi, which was first observed in Northern Europe in 2005, as well as for the hydromedusae Blackfordia virginica, first sighted in 2014. Both species have been shown to attain high population densities with pronounced grazing impact in other invasive regions. Given the current and anticipated changes of the physical environment of the Baltic Sea, especially ongoing warming, amplification of their impact can be expected.
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Butterfield NJ. Oxygen, animals and aquatic bioturbation: An updated account. GEOBIOLOGY 2018; 16:3-16. [PMID: 29130581 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N J Butterfield
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Delpy F, Albouy-Boyer S, Pagano M, Thibault D, Blanchot J, Guilhaumon F, Molinero JC, Bonnet D. Identifying the drivers of abundance and size of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in Northwestern Mediterranean lagoons. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 119:114-125. [PMID: 27262669 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acknowledged as among the worst invasive marine species, Mnemiopsis leidyi has spread through European Seas since the mid-1980's. Here we report a bimonthly survey conducted in 2010-11 in three lagoons (Bages-Sigean, Thau and Berre) and at two adjacent coastal stations (Sète and SOMLIT-Marseille) along the French Mediterranean coast. M. leidyi was present only in Berre and Bages-Sigean with maximum abundances observed in late summer. M. leidyi adults were present year round in Berre with the largest organisms (∼6 cm) observed in April. In Bages-Sigean, they occurred in sufficient abundance to be recorded by fishermen between August and November. Multiple linear regressions highlighted that abundance in both lagoons was mainly influenced by direct effects of salinity and chlorophyll-a, and temperature to a lesser extent. While M. leidyi has not yet been recorded in Thau, the lagoon is continually monitored to detect the potential establishment of M. leidyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Delpy
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France; PROTEE-EBMA, EA 3819, Université de Toulon, 83957 La Garde, France.
| | - Séverine Albouy-Boyer
- Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Pêches et Océans Canada, 850 Route de la Mer, CP 1000, Mont-Joli, QC, G5H 3Z4, Canada; Laboratoire MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Marc Pagano
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Thibault
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Jean Blanchot
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - François Guilhaumon
- Laboratoire MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Juan Carlos Molinero
- GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Ecology/Food Webs, Duesternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- Laboratoire MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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Nogueira Júnior M, Brandini FP, Codina JCU. Diel Vertical Dynamics of Gelatinous Zooplankton (Cnidaria, Ctenophora and Thaliacea) in a Subtropical Stratified Ecosystem (South Brazilian Bight). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144161. [PMID: 26637179 PMCID: PMC4670095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The diel vertical dynamics of gelatinous zooplankton in physically stratified conditions over the 100-m isobath (~110 km offshore) in the South Brazilian Bight (26°45’S; 47°33’W) and the relationship to hydrography and food availability were analyzed by sampling every six hours over two consecutive days. Zooplankton samples were taken in three depth strata, following the vertical structure of the water column, with cold waters between 17 and 13.1°C, influenced by the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) in the lower layer (>70 m); warm (>20°C) Tropical Water in the upper 40 m; and an intermediate thermocline with a deep chlorophyll-a maximum layer (0.3–0.6 mg m-3). Two distinct general patterns were observed, emphasizing the role of (i) physical and (ii) biological processes: (i) a strong influence of the vertical stratification, with most zooplankton absent or little abundant in the lower layer. The influence of the cold SACW on the bottom layer apparently restricted the vertical occupation of most species, which typically inhabit epipelagic warm waters. Even among migratory species, only a few (Aglaura hemistoma, Abylopsis tetragona eudoxids, Beroe sp., Thalia democratica, Salpa fusiformis) crossed the thermocline and reached the bottom layer. (ii) A general tendency of partial migrations, with variable intensity depending on the different species and developmental stages; populations tended to be more widely distributed through the water column during daylight, and to become more aggregated in the upper layer during the night, which can be explained based on the idea of the “hunger-satiation hypothesis”, maximizing feeding and minimizing the chances of being predated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miodeli Nogueira Júnior
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Frederico Pereira Brandini
- Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Juan Carlos Ugaz Codina
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
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