1
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Nasimian A, Ahmed M, Hedenfalk I, Kazi JU. A deep tabular data learning model predicting cisplatin sensitivity identifies BCL2L1 dependency in cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:956-964. [PMID: 36733702 PMCID: PMC9876747 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, is widely used as a front-line treatment for several malignancies. However, treatment outcomes vary widely due to intrinsic and acquired resistance. In this study, cisplatin-perturbed gene expression and pathway enrichment were used to define a gene signature, which was further utilized to develop a cisplatin sensitivity prediction model using the TabNet algorithm. The TabNet model performed better (>80 % accuracy) than all other machine learning models when compared to a wide range of machine learning algorithms. Moreover, by using feature importance and comparing predicted ovarian cancer patient samples, BCL2L1 was identified as an important gene contributing to cisplatin resistance. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of BCL2L1 was found to synergistically increase cisplatin efficacy. Collectively, this study developed a tool to predict cisplatin sensitivity using cisplatin-perturbed gene expression and pathway enrichment knowledge and identified BCL2L1 as an important gene in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nasimian
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mehreen Ahmed
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Julhash U. Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Correspondence to: Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon village Building 404:C3, Scheelevägen 8, 22363 Lund, Sweden.
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2
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Zhang C, Ni C, Lu H. Polo-Like Kinase 2: From Principle to Practice. Front Oncol 2022; 12:956225. [PMID: 35898867 PMCID: PMC9309260 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.956225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase (PLK) 2 is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that shares the n-terminal kinase catalytic domain and the C-terminal Polo Box Domain (PBD) with other members of the PLKs family. In the last two decades, mounting studies have focused on this and tried to clarify its role in many aspects. PLK2 is essential for mitotic centriole replication and meiotic chromatin pairing, synapsis, and crossing-over in the cell cycle; Loss of PLK2 function results in cell cycle disorders and developmental retardation. PLK2 is also involved in regulating cell differentiation and maintaining neural homeostasis. In the process of various stimuli-induced stress, including oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum, PLK2 may promote survival or apoptosis depending on the intensity of stimulation and the degree of cell damage. However, the role of PLK2 in immunity to viral infection has been studied far less than that of other family members. Because PLK2 is extensively and deeply involved in normal physiological functions and pathophysiological mechanisms of cells, its role in diseases is increasingly being paid attention to. The effect of PLK2 in inhibiting hematological tumors and fibrotic diseases, as well as participating in neurodegenerative diseases, has been gradually recognized. However, the research results in solid organ tumors show contradictory results. In addition, preliminary studies using PLK2 as a disease predictor and therapeutic target have yielded some exciting and promising results. More research will help people better understand PLK2 from principle to practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyong Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuangye Ni
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Lu,
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3
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Zhang R, Yu S, Shen Q, Zhao W, Zhang J, Wu X, Zhu Z, Wu X, Li N, Peng S, Hua J. AXIN2 Reduces the Survival of Porcine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (piPSCs). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312954. [PMID: 34884759 PMCID: PMC8658036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of porcine pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) is critical but remains challenging. All piPSCs are extremely sensitive to minor perturbations of culture conditions and signaling network. Inhibitors, such as CHIR99021 and XAV939 targeting the WNT signaling pathway, have been added in a culture medium to modify the cell regulatory network. However, potential side effects of inhibitors could confine the pluripotency and practicability of piPSCs. This study aimed to investigate the roles of AXIN, one component of the WNT pathway in piPSCs. Here, porcine AXIN1 and AXIN2 genes were knocked-down or overexpressed. Digital RNA-seq was performed to explore the mechanism of cell proliferation and apoptosis. We found that (1) overexpression of the porcine AXIN2 gene significantly reduced survival and negatively impacted the pluripotency of piPSCs, and (2) knockdown of AXIN2, a negative effector of the WNT signaling pathway, enhanced the expression of genes involved in cell cycle but reduced the expression of genes related to cell differentiation, death, and apoptosis.
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4
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Harikumar A, Lim PSL, Nissim-Rafinia M, Park JE, Sze SK, Meshorer E. Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation Is Regulated by SET through Interactions with p53 and β-Catenin. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 15:1260-1274. [PMID: 33296674 PMCID: PMC7724474 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional histone chaperone, SET, is essential for embryonic development in the mouse. Previously, we identified SET as a factor that is rapidly downregulated during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation, suggesting a possible role in the maintenance of pluripotency. Here, we explore SET's function in early differentiation. Using immunoprecipitation coupled with protein quantitation by LC-MS/MS, we uncover factors and complexes, including P53 and β-catenin, by which SET regulates lineage specification. Knockdown for P53 in SET-knockout (KO) ESCs partially rescues lineage marker misregulation during differentiation. Paradoxically, SET-KO ESCs show increased expression of several Wnt target genes despite reduced levels of active β-catenin. Further analysis of RNA sequencing datasets hints at a co-regulatory relationship between SET and TCF proteins, terminal effectors of Wnt signaling. Overall, we discover a role for both P53 and β-catenin in SET-regulated early differentiation and raise a hypothesis for SET function at the β-catenin-TCF regulatory axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arigela Harikumar
- Department of Genetics, The Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Patrick S L Lim
- Department of Genetics, The Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Malka Nissim-Rafinia
- Department of Genetics, The Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Jung Eun Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Eran Meshorer
- Department of Genetics, The Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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5
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Parsing β-catenin's cell adhesion and Wnt signaling functions in malignant mammary tumor progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2020227118. [PMID: 34408016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020227118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During malignant progression, epithelial cancer cells dissolve their cell-cell adhesion and gain invasive features. By virtue of its dual function, β-catenin contributes to cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion, and it determines the transcriptional output of Wnt signaling: via its N terminus, it recruits the signaling coactivators Bcl9 and Pygopus, and via the C terminus, it interacts with the general transcriptional machinery. This duality confounds the simple loss-of-function analysis of Wnt signaling in cancer progression. In many cancer types including breast cancer, the functional contribution of β-catenin's transcriptional activities, as compared to its adhesion functions, to tumor progression has remained elusive. Employing the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-PyMT mouse model of metastatic breast cancer, we compared the complete elimination of β-catenin with the specific ablation of its signaling outputs in mammary tumor cells. Notably, the complete lack of β-catenin resulted in massive apoptosis of mammary tumor cells. In contrast, the loss of β-catenin's transcriptional activity resulted in a reduction of primary tumor growth, tumor invasion, and metastasis formation in vivo. These phenotypic changes were reflected by stalled cell cycle progression and diminished epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration of breast cancer cells in vitro. Transcriptome analysis revealed subsets of genes which were specifically regulated by β-catenin's transcriptional activities upon stimulation with Wnt3a or during TGF-β-induced EMT. Our results uncouple the signaling from the adhesion function of β-catenin and underline the importance of Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcription in malignant tumor progression of breast cancer.
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Choudhury P, Barua A, Roy A, Pattanayak R, Bhattacharyya M, Saha P. Eugenol emerges as an elixir by targeting β-catenin, the central cancer stem cell regulator in lung carcinogenesis: an in vivo and in vitro rationale. Food Funct 2021; 12:1063-1078. [PMID: 33443517 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
According to population-based studies, lung cancer has become one of the leading causes of death globally in males and is also rising in females at an alarming rate. The aim of this study was to exploit the inherent properties of eugenol to restrict the growth of cancer cells in a tobacco-related human carcinogen NDEA-induced lung carcinogenesis model in vivo as a chemopreventive agent. More precisely, by utilizing its abundance in nature, eugenol (a component of clove) was utilized to establish the molecular mechanism of chemoprevention in the NDEA-induced mouse lung carcinogenesis model in a substantial cost-effective manner and was validated in the A549 human lung cancer cell line. Our study especially targeted the tiny, drug-resistant, and most virulent subpopulation of cancer cells called CSCs by targeting their regulator molecule β-catenin. The non-toxic dosage of eugenol was shown to enhance apoptosis, simultaneously suppressing cell proliferation in the lung tissue of carcinogen-treated mice without affecting the normal mice. Combining cellular apoptosis and proliferation, eugenol showed an exceptional chemopreventive potential in this lung carcinogenesis model. Importantly, eugenol strongly restricted the lung carcinoma in the mild dysplastic stage as a chemopreventive agent. The molecular analysis remarkably depicted the restriction of β-catenin nuclear transportation. The minimized total β-catenin pool and induced N-terminal Ser37 phosphorylation form after eugenol treatment resulted in its cytoplasmic degradation. Consequently, CSC markers such as CD44, Oct4, EpCAM, and Notcht1, whose expression is dependent on β-catenin decreased significantly, as proven by IHC, ICC, and WB analysis both in vivo and in vitro. The in vitro secondary sphere formation assay also proved the remarkably repressed CSC population, and hence the virulence. In another way, eugenol was proven to significantly enhance the degradation of β-catenin when treated with the CK1α inhibitor D4476 in vitro by Western blot. CK1α in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a crucial role for tagging with the N-terminal Ser45 phosphorylation of β-catenin, which ultimately opens a position for the decisive phosphorylation by GSK3β at the Ser37 residue to take place. Thus, the conclusive extermination of CSCs achieved that was associated with recurrence due to treatment failure. That can help to achieve a longer and better quality of life in a natural, economical way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Choudhury
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-700026, West Bengal, India.
| | - Atish Barua
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-700026, West Bengal, India.
| | - Anup Roy
- Department of Pathology, N.R.S. Medical College, Kolkata-700014, West Bengal, India.
| | - Rudradip Pattanayak
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Citivan International Research Center, 1719 6th Avenue South Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Maitree Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Prosenjit Saha
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-700026, West Bengal, India.
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7
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Junyent S, Reeves JC, Szczerkowski JLA, Garcin CL, Trieu TJ, Wilson M, Lundie-Brown J, Habib SJ. Wnt- and glutamate-receptors orchestrate stem cell dynamics and asymmetric cell division. eLife 2021; 10:59791. [PMID: 34028355 PMCID: PMC8177892 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt-pathway is part of a signalling network that regulates many aspects of cell biology. Recently, we discovered crosstalk between AMPA/Kainate-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) and the Wnt-pathway during the initial Wnt3a-interaction at the cytonemes of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here, we demonstrate that this crosstalk persists throughout the Wnt3a-response in ESCs. Both AMPA and Kainate receptors regulate early Wnt3a-recruitment, dynamics on the cell membrane, and orientation of the spindle towards a Wnt3a-source at mitosis. AMPA receptors specifically are required for segregating cell fate components during Wnt3a-mediated asymmetric cell division (ACD). Using Wnt-pathway component knockout lines, we determine that Wnt co-receptor Lrp6 has particular functionality over Lrp5 in cytoneme formation, and in facilitating ACD. Both Lrp5 and 6, alongside pathway effector β-catenin act in concert to mediate the positioning of the dynamic interaction with, and spindle orientation to, a localised Wnt3a-source. Wnt-iGluR crosstalk may prove pervasive throughout embryonic and adult stem cell signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Junyent
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Joshua C Reeves
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - James LA Szczerkowski
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Clare L Garcin
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tung-Jui Trieu
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jethro Lundie-Brown
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Shukry J Habib
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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8
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Mnatsakanyan H, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Rico P. Lithium Directs Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation Into Hemangioblast-Like Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000569. [PMID: 33969645 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derive from specialized regions of the endothelium known as the hemogenic endothelium (HE) during embryonic developmental processes. This knowledge opens up new possibilities for designing new strategies to obtain HSCs in vitro from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Previous advances in this field show that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in PSC-derived HSC formation. In this work, lithium, a GSK3 inhibitor, is identified as an element capable of stabilizing β-catenin and inducing embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation in hemangioblast-like cells, highly consistent with the role of Wnt agonists on ESC differentiation. ESCs treated with 10 mm lithium express CD31+, SCA-1+, Nkx2-5+, CD34+, and FLK1+ cells characteristic of the hemangioblast cells that precede HE development. However, 10 mm Li treated cells remain arrested in a hemangioblast-like phase, which switched into the expression of HE markers after stimulation with maturation medium. The ability of lithium-treated ESCs to further derive into HE is confirmed after defined maturation, resulting in a rapid increase in cells positive for the HE markers RUNX1 and SOX17. The results represent a novel strategy for generating HSC precursors in vitro as a multipotent source of stem cells for blood disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayk Mnatsakanyan
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5 Pabellón 11, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Rico
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5 Pabellón 11, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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9
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Aulicino F, Pedone E, Sottile F, Lluis F, Marucci L, Cosma MP. Canonical Wnt Pathway Controls mESC Self-Renewal Through Inhibition of Spontaneous Differentiation via β-Catenin/TCF/LEF Functions. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:646-661. [PMID: 32822589 PMCID: PMC7486219 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a key regulator of embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal and differentiation. Constitutive activation of this pathway has been shown to increase mouse ESC (mESC) self-renewal and pluripotency gene expression. In this study, we generated a novel β-catenin knockout model in mESCs to delete putatively functional N-terminally truncated isoforms observed in previous knockout models. We showed that aberrant N-terminally truncated isoforms are not functional in mESCs. In the generated knockout line, we observed that canonical Wnt signaling is not active, as β-catenin ablation does not alter mESC transcriptional profile in serum/LIF culture conditions. In addition, we observed that Wnt signaling activation represses mESC spontaneous differentiation in a β-catenin-dependent manner. Finally, β-catenin (ΔC) isoforms can rescue β-catenin knockout self-renewal defects in mESCs cultured in serum-free medium and, albeit transcriptionally silent, cooperate with TCF1 and LEF1 to inhibit mESC spontaneous differentiation in a GSK3-dependent manner. N-terminally truncated β-catenin isoforms are produced in mESCs upon inducible knockout β-Catenin is fully deleted upon CRISPR/Cas9 whole-gene knockout Wnt/β-catenin prevents differentiation without affecting pluripotency genes β-Catenin/TCF/LEF functions are required to prevent spontaneous differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Aulicino
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Elisa Pedone
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Francesco Sottile
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Lluis
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 300 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucia Marucci
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Maria Pia Cosma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510005, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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10
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Tao F, Soffers J, Hu D, Chen S, Gao X, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Smith SE, Unruh JR, Zhang D, Tsuchiya D, Venkatraman A, Zhao M, Li Z, Qian P, Parmely T, He XC, Washburn M, Florens L, Perry JM, Zeitlinger J, Workman J, Li L. β-Catenin and Associated Proteins Regulate Lineage Differentiation in Ground State Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:662-676. [PMID: 32822591 PMCID: PMC7486223 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) cultured in defined medium resemble the pre-implantation epiblast in the ground state, with full developmental capacity including the germline. β-Catenin is required to maintain ground state pluripotency in mouse ESCs, but its exact role is controversial. Here, we reveal a Tcf3-independent role of β-catenin in restraining germline and somatic lineage differentiation genes. We show that β-catenin binds target genes with E2F6 and forms a complex with E2F6 and HMGA2 or E2F6 and HP1γ. Our data indicate that these complexes help β-catenin restrain and fine-tune germ cell and neural developmental potential. Overall, our data reveal a previously unappreciated role of β-catenin in preserving lineage differentiation integrity in ground state ESCs. β-Catenin depletion irreversibly compromised lineage development of ground state ESCs TCF3-independent role of β-catenin in determining lineage differentiation potential E2F6, HP1γ, and HMGA2 are β-catenin interaction partners and co-bound to target genes β-Catenin and protein partners fine-tune germline and neural development potential
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jelly Soffers
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Deqing Hu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Chongbei Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Sarah E Smith
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jay R Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Da Zhang
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Dai Tsuchiya
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Aparna Venkatraman
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Meng Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenrui Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Pengxu Qian
- China Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tari Parmely
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Xi C He
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Michael Washburn
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Laurence Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - John M Perry
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA; University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Julia Zeitlinger
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jerry Workman
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Linheng Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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11
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Alba G, Martínez R, Postigo-Corrales F, López S, Santa-María C, Jiménez J, Cahuana GM, Soria B, Bedoya FJ, Tejedo JR. AICAR Stimulates the Pluripotency Transcriptional Complex in Embryonic Stem Cells Mediated by PI3K, GSK3β, and β-Catenin. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20270-20282. [PMID: 32832780 PMCID: PMC7439381 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells maintain the property of self-renewal and differentiate into all cell types under clear environments. Though the gene regulatory mechanism for pluripotency has been investigated in recent years, it is still not completely understood. Here, we show several signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of pluripotency. To investigate whether AMPK is involved in maintaining the pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and elucidating the possible molecular mechanisms, implicated D3 and R1/E mESC lines were used in this study. Cells were cultured in the absence or presence of LIF and treated with 1 mM and 0.5 mM 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), 2 mM metformin, compound C, and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 for 24, 72, and 120 h. The levels of Nanog, Oct3/4, and REX1 and Brachyury, Notch2, and Gata4 mRNAs and Nanog or OCT3/4 protein levels were analyzed. Alkaline phosphatase and the cellular cycle were determined. The pGSK3β, GSK3β, p-β-catenin, and β-catenin protein levels were also investigated. We found that AMPK activators such as AICAR and metformin increase mRNA expression of pluripotency markers and decrease mRNA expression of differentiation markers in R1/E and D3 ES cells. AICAR increases phosphatase activity and arrests the cellular cycle in the G1 phase in these cells. We describe that AICAR effects were mediated by AMPK activation using a chemical inhibitor or by silencing this gene. AICAR effects were also mediated by PI3K, GSK3β, and β-catenin in R1/E ES cells. According to our findings, we provide a mechanism by which AICAR increases and maintains a pluripotency state through enhanced Nanog expression, involving AMPK/PI3K and p-GSK3β Ser21/9 pathways backing up the AICAR function as a potential target for this drug controlling pluripotency. The highlights of this study are that AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamied-1-b-riboside), an AMP protein kinase (AMPK) activator, blocks the ESC differentiation and AMPK is a key enzyme for pluripotency and shows valuable data to clarify the molecular pluripotency mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Alba
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41009, Spain
- . Telephone: +34-955421044. Fax: +34-954907048
| | - Raquel Martínez
- Department
of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular
Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Fátima Postigo-Corrales
- Department
of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular
Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Soledad López
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41009, Spain
| | - Consuelo Santa-María
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad
de Sevilla, Seville 41009, Spain
| | - Juan Jiménez
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41009, Spain
| | - Gladys M. Cahuana
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville 41013, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM,
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Bernat Soria
- Department
of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular
Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville 41013, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM,
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Cell
Therapy
Network, Madrid (RED-TERCEL), Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Universidad
Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03550, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Bedoya
- Department
of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular
Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville 41013, Spain
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville 41013, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM,
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Cell
Therapy
Network, Madrid (RED-TERCEL), Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Juan R. Tejedo
- Department
of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular
Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville 41013, Spain
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville 41013, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM,
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Cell
Therapy
Network, Madrid (RED-TERCEL), Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
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12
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Junyent S, Garcin CL, Szczerkowski JLA, Trieu TJ, Reeves J, Habib SJ. Specialized cytonemes induce self-organization of stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:7236-7244. [PMID: 32184326 PMCID: PMC7132109 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920837117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial cellular organization is fundamental for embryogenesis. Remarkably, coculturing embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) recapitulates this process, forming embryo-like structures. However, mechanisms driving ESC-TSC interaction remain elusive. We describe specialized ESC-generated cytonemes that react to TSC-secreted Wnts. Cytoneme formation and length are controlled by actin, intracellular calcium stores, and components of the Wnt pathway. ESC cytonemes select self-renewal-promoting Wnts via crosstalk between Wnt receptors, activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), and localized calcium transients. This crosstalk orchestrates Wnt signaling, ESC polarization, ESC-TSC pairing, and consequently synthetic embryogenesis. Our results uncover ESC-TSC contact-mediated signaling, reminiscent of the glutamatergic neuronal synapse, inducing spatial self-organization and embryonic cell specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Junyent
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare L Garcin
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT London, United Kingdom
| | - James L A Szczerkowski
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT London, United Kingdom
| | - Tung-Jui Trieu
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT London, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Reeves
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT London, United Kingdom
| | - Shukry J Habib
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT London, United Kingdom
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13
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Eugenol restricts Cancer Stem Cell population by degradation of β-catenin via N-terminal Ser37 phosphorylation-an in vivo and in vitro experimental evaluation. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 316:108938. [PMID: 31926151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Eugenol a phenylpropanoid, predominantly found in clove is a very common spice in daily cuisine. It already reported to have anti-breast cancer activity. In this study, the effect of eugenol on CSC (Cancer Stem Cell) markers and its main regulator β-catenin both in vivo Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell line and in vitro MCF-7 cell line was investigated with that of the untreated group. The therapeutic doses were found to significantly induce apoptosis leaving normal mice and cells unaffected. The in-depth analysis revealed the downregulation of β-catenin thereby facilitating its degradation by N-terminal phosphorylation of Ser37 residue. Significant downregulation of various CSC markers was also observed in vivo after eugenol treatment those are regulated by the intracellular status of β-catenin. These findings were validated by the effect of eugenol on the formation of the secondary sphere in vitro. Notable downregulation of the enriched stemness of secondary mammosphere was detected by the significantly decreased percentage of CD44+/CD24-/low population after eugenol treatment along with their distorted morphology and smaller the number of spheres. The underlying mechanism revealed significant downregulation of β-catenin and the set of CSC markers along with their reduced mRNA expression in secondary sphere culture. Therefore, it can be concluded from the study that eugenol exerts its chemotherapeutic potential by impeding β-catenin nuclear translocation thereby promoting its cytoplasmic degradation as a result stemness is being suppressed potentially even if in the enriched state. Therefore the study contributes to reduce the cancer-induced complications associated with the CSC population. This will ultimately confer the longer and improved patient's life.
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14
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Liu HW, Su YK, Bamodu OA, Hueng DY, Lee WH, Huang CC, Deng L, Hsiao M, Chien MH, Yeh CT, Lin CM. The Disruption of the β-Catenin/TCF-1/STAT3 Signaling Axis by 4-Acetylantroquinonol B Inhibits the Tumorigenesis and Cancer Stem-Cell-Like Properties of Glioblastoma Cells, In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E491. [PMID: 30563094 PMCID: PMC6315804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant form of glioma, is characterized by resistance to therapy and poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence shows that the initiation, propagation, and recurrence of GBM is attributable to the presence of GBM stem cells (GBM-CSCs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Herein, we investigated the effect of 4-Acetylantroquinonol B (4-AAQB), a bioactive isolate of Antrodia cinnamomea, on GBM cell viability, oncogenic, and CSCs-like activities. RESULTS We observed that aberrant expression of catenin is characteristic of GBM, compared to other glioma types (p = 0.0001, log-rank test = 475.2), and correlates with poor prognosis of GBM patients. Lower grade glioma and glioblastoma patients (n = 1152) with low catenin expression had 25% and 21.5% better overall survival than those with high catenin expression at the 5 and 10-year time-points, respectively (p = 3.57e-11, log-rank test = 43.8). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that compared with adjacent non-tumor brain tissue, primary and recurrent GBM exhibited enhanced catenin expression (~10-fold, p < 0.001). Western blot analysis showed that 4-AAQB significantly downregulated β-catenin and dysregulated the catenin/LEF1/Stat3 signaling axis in U87MG and DBTRG-05MG cells, dose-dependently. 4-AAQB⁻induced downregulation of catenin positively correlated with reduced Sox2 and Oct4 nuclear expression in the cells. Furthermore, 4-AAQB markedly reduced the viability of U87MG and DBTRG-05MG cells with 48 h IC50 of 9.2 M and 12.5 M, respectively, effectively inhibited the nuclear catenin, limited the migration and invasion of GBM cells, with concurrent downregulation of catenin, vimentin, and slug; similarly, colony and tumorsphere formation was significantly attenuated with reduced expression of c-Myc and KLF4 proteins. CONCLUSIONS Summarily, we show for the first time that 4-AAQB suppresses the tumor-promoting catenin/LEF1/Stat3 signaling, and inhibited CSCs-induced oncogenic activities in GBM in vitro, with in vivo validation; thus projecting 4-AAQB as a potent therapeutic agent for anti-GBM target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Wei Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Kai Su
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chih Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41147, Taiwan.
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Amoy-BUCT Industrial Bio-technovation Institute, Amoy 361022, China.
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Min Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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15
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Kukolj T, Trivanović D, Mojsilović S, Okić Djordjević I, Obradović H, Krstić J, Jauković A, Bugarski D. IL-33 guides osteogenesis and increases proliferation and pluripotency marker expression in dental stem cells. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12533. [PMID: 30430681 PMCID: PMC6430470 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Soluble IL‐33 (interleukin (IL)‐1‐like cytokine) acts as endogenous alarm signal (alarmin). Since alarmins, besides activating immune system, act to restore tissue homeostasis, we investigated whether IL‐33 exerts beneficial effects on oral stem cell pull. Materials and Methods Clonogenicity, proliferation, differentiation and senescence of stem cells derived from human periodontal ligament (PDLSCs) and dental pulp (DPSCs) were determined after in vitro exposure to IL‐33. Cellular changes were detected by flow cytometry, Western blot, immunocytochemistry and semiquantitative RT‐PCR. Results IL‐33 stimulated proliferation, clonogenicity and expression of pluripotency markers, OCT‐4, SOX‐2 and NANOG, but it inhibited ALP activity and mineralization in both PDLSCs and DPSCs. Higher Ki67 expression and reduced β‐galactosidase activity in IL‐33‐treated cells were demonstrated, whereas these trends were more conspicuous in osteogenic medium. However, after 7‐day IL‐33 pretreatment, differentiation capacity of IL‐33‐pretreated cells was retained, and increased ALP activity was observed in both cell types. Results showed that IL‐33 regulates NF‐κB and β‐catenin signalling, indicating the association of these molecules with changes observed in IL‐33‐treated PDLSCs and DPSCs, particularly their proliferation, pluripotency‐associated marker expression and osteogenesis. Conclusions IL‐33 treatment impairs osteogenesis of PDLSCs and DPSCs, while increases their clonogenicity, proliferation and pluripotency marker expression. After exposure to IL‐33, osteogenic capacity of cells stayed intact. NF‐κB and β‐catenin are implicated in the effects achieved by IL‐33 in PDLSCs and DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Kukolj
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Drenka Trivanović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Okić Djordjević
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hristina Obradović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Krstić
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Chovanec M, Cierna Z, Miskovska V, Machalekova K, Kalavska K, Rejlekova K, Svetlovska D, Macak D, Spanik S, Kajo K, Babal P, Mego M, Mardiak J. βcatenin is a marker of poor clinical characteristics and suppressed immune infiltration in testicular germ cell tumors. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1062. [PMID: 30390643 PMCID: PMC6215644 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WNT/βcatenin (WNTβ) pathway is activated in early stages of embryonic development. We aimed to evaluate the significance of βcatenin in germ cell tumors (GCTs) and explore associations with the inflamed environment. METHODS Surgical specimens from 247 patients were analyzed. Βcatenin expression was detected in the tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical characteristics, outcome, PD-L1 expression and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to investigate the immune-cell related effects of βcatenin and PD-L1 encoding genes. RESULTS βcatenin was expressed in 86.2% of GCTs. The expression in seminomas was significantly lower compared to all subtypes of non-seminoma (all P < 0.0001). A high expression (weighted histoscore > 150) was associated with primary mediastinal non-seminoma (P = 0.035), intermediate/poor risk disease (P = 0.033) and high tumor markers (P = 0.035). We observed a positive correlation with the PD-L1 in tumor and an inverse correlation with the SII. IPA uncovered relationships of CTNNB (βcatenin) and CD274 (PD-L1) genes and their effects on differentiation, proliferation and activation of lymphocyte subtypes. CONCLUSION Herein, we showed that βcatenin is associated with male adult GCT characteristics as well as supressed immune environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. .,National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia. .,Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Cierna
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viera Miskovska
- 1st Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Kollarska 12, 812 50, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Katarina Kalavska
- National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Rejlekova
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Svetlovska
- National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Macak
- National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Spanik
- 1st Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Kollarska 12, 812 50, Bratislava, Slovakia.,St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Heydukova 10, 812 50, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karol Kajo
- St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Heydukova 10, 812 50, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Babal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty Hospital with Policlinics Skalica, a.s, Koreszkova 936/7, 909 01, Skalica, Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Mardiak
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia
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17
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Choi J, Huebner AJ, Clement K, Walsh RM, Savol A, Lin K, Gu H, Di Stefano B, Brumbaugh J, Kim SY, Sharif J, Rose CM, Mohammad A, Odajima J, Charron J, Shioda T, Gnirke A, Gygi S, Koseki H, Sadreyev RI, Xiao A, Meissner A, Hochedlinger K. Prolonged Mek1/2 suppression impairs the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells. Nature 2017; 548:219-223. [PMID: 28746311 DOI: 10.1038/nature23274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Concomitant activation of the Wnt pathway and suppression of Mapk signalling by two small molecule inhibitors (2i) in the presence of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) (hereafter termed 2i/L) induces a naive state in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells that resembles the inner cell mass (ICM) of the pre-implantation embryo. Since the ICM exists only transiently in vivo, it remains unclear how sustained propagation of naive ES cells in vitro affects their stability and functionality. Here we show that prolonged culture of male mouse ES cells in 2i/L results in irreversible epigenetic and genomic changes that impair their developmental potential. Furthermore, we find that female ES cells cultured in conventional serum plus LIF medium phenocopy male ES cells cultured in 2i/L. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the inhibition of Mek1/2 is predominantly responsible for these effects, in part through the downregulation of DNA methyltransferases and their cofactors. Finally, we show that replacement of the Mek1/2 inhibitor with a Src inhibitor preserves the epigenetic and genomic integrity as well as the developmental potential of ES cells. Taken together, our data suggest that, although short-term suppression of Mek1/2 in ES cells helps to maintain an ICM-like epigenetic state, prolonged suppression results in irreversible changes that compromise their developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Choi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Aaron J Huebner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Kendell Clement
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Ryan M Walsh
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Andrej Savol
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Kaixuan Lin
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | - Hongcang Gu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Bruno Di Stefano
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Justin Brumbaugh
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Sang-Yong Kim
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
| | - Jafar Sharif
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN National Research and Development Agency, 1-7-22 Suehiuro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken 230-0045, Japan
| | - Christopher M Rose
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Arman Mohammad
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Junko Odajima
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Jean Charron
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, CRCHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9, rue McMahon, Quebec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Andreas Gnirke
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Steven Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN National Research and Development Agency, 1-7-22 Suehiuro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Andrew Xiao
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Augustin I, Dewi DL, Hundshammer J, Erdmann G, Kerr G, Boutros M. Autocrine Wnt regulates the survival and genomic stability of embryonic stem cells. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/461/eaah6829. [PMID: 28074006 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah6829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an important role in the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. The secretion of Wnt ligands requires Evi (also known as Wls). Genetically ablating Evi provides an experimental approach to studying the consequence of depleting all redundant Wnt proteins, and overexpressing Evi enables a nonspecific means of increasing Wnt signaling. We generated Evi-deficient and Evi-overexpressing mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to analyze the role of autocrine Wnt production in self-renewal and differentiation. Self-renewal was reduced in Evi-deficient ESCs and increased in Evi-overexpressing ESCs in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor, which supports the self-renewal of ESCs. The differentiation of ESCs into cardiomyocytes was enhanced when Evi was overexpressed and teratoma formation and growth of Evi-deficient ESCs in vivo were impaired, indicating that autocrine Wnt ligands were necessary for ESC differentiation and survival. ESCs lacking autocrine Wnt signaling had mitotic defects and showed genomic instability. Together, our study demonstrates that autocrine Wnt secretion is important for the survival, chromosomal stability, differentiation, and tumorigenic potential of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Augustin
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Dyah L Dewi
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hundshammer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Gerrit Erdmann
- NMI TT Naturwissenschaftliches und Medizinisches Institut Technologie Transfer GmbH Pharmaservices, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Grainne Kerr
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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19
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Basilicata MF, Frank M, Solter D, Brabletz T, Stemmler MP. Inappropriate cadherin switching in the mouse epiblast compromises proper signaling between the epiblast and the extraembryonic ectoderm during gastrulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26562. [PMID: 27217206 PMCID: PMC4877576 DOI: 10.1038/srep26562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherin switching from E-cadherin (E-cad) to N-cadherin (N-cad) is a key step of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes that occurs during gastrulation and cancer progression. We investigate whether cadherins actively participate in progression of EMT by crosstalk to signaling pathways. We apply ectopic cadherin switching before the onset of mouse gastrulation. Mutants with an induced E-cad to N-cad switch (Ncadki) die around E8.5. Severe morphological changes including a small epiblast, a rounded shape, an enlarged extra-embryonic compartment and lack of the amnion, combined with a massive cell detachment from the ectodermal layer are detected. In contrast to epiblast-specific E-cad depletion, gastrulation is initiated in Ncadki embryos, but patterning of the germ-layers is abnormal. An overall reduction in BMP signaling, expansion of Nodal and Eomes domains, combined with reduced Wnt3a expression at the primitive streak is observed. Our results show that in addition to cadherin-dependent adhesion, proper embryonic development requires E-cad mediated signaling function to facilitate a feedback loop that stabilizes Bmp4 and Bmp2 expression in the extraembryonic ectoderm and sustained downstream activity in the epiblast. Moreover, for proper morphogenesis a fine-tuned spatio-temporal control of cadherin switching is required during EMT at gastrulation to avoid premature cell detachment and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Felicia Basilicata
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Frank
- Electron Microscopy Center, University Medicine Rostock, Strempelstr. 14, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Davor Solter
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Lab, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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CHIR99021 enhances Klf4 Expression through β-Catenin Signaling and miR-7a Regulation in J1 Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150936. [PMID: 26938105 PMCID: PMC4777400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that regulate pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is important to ensure their safe clinical use. CHIR99021 (CHIR)-induced activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes self-renewal in mouse ESCs (mESCs). β-catenin functions individually or cooperates with transcription factors to activate stemness factors such as c-Myc, Esrrb, Pou5f1, and Nanog. However the relationship between the core pluripotent factor, Kruppel-like factor 4 (also known as GKLF or EZF) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, remains ambiguous in J1 mESCs. DNA microarray analysis revealed that CHIR-treatment promoted pluripotency-maintaining transcription factors and repressed germ layer specification markers. CHIR also promoted genes related to the development of extracellular regions and the plasma membrane to maintain pluripotency of J1 mESCs. Among the CHIR-regulated genes, Klf4 has not been reported previously. We identified a novel cis element in the Klf4 gene that was activated by β-catenin in J1 mESCs. We determined that β-catenin interacted with this cis element, identifying Klf4 as a β-catenin target gene in this context. Moreover, several microRNAs that targeted the 3′-UTR of Klf4 mRNA were identified, with miR-7a being down-regulated by CHIR in a β-catenin-independent manner in J1 mESCs. These data collectively suggest that CHIR enhances Klf4 expression by repressing miR-7a expression or canonical Wnt pathway activation.
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Muñoz-Descalzo S, Hadjantonakis AK, Arias AM. Wnt/ß-catenin signalling and the dynamics of fate decisions in early mouse embryos and embryonic stem (ES) cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 47-48:101-9. [PMID: 26321498 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/ß-catenin signalling is a widespread cell signalling pathway with multiple roles during vertebrate development. In mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells, there is a dual role for ß-catenin: it promotes differentiation when activated as part of the Wnt/ß-catenin signalling pathway, and promotes stable pluripotency independently of signalling. Although mES cells resemble the preimplantation epiblast progenitors, the first requirement for Wnt/ß-catenin signalling during mouse development has been reported at implantation [1,2]. The relationship between ß-catenin and pluripotency and that of mES cells with epiblast progenitors suggests that ß-catenin might have a functional role during preimplantation development. Here we summarize the expression and function of Wnt/ß-catenin signalling elements during the early stages of mouse development and consider the reasons why the requirement in ES cells do not reflect the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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