1
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Rollins KR, Blankenship JT. Dysregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum blocks recruitment of centrosome-associated proteins resulting in mitotic failure. Development 2023; 150:dev201917. [PMID: 37971218 PMCID: PMC10690056 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) undergoes a remarkable transition in morphology during cell division to aid in the proper portioning of the ER. However, whether changes in ER behaviors modulate mitotic events is less clear. Like many animal embryos, the early Drosophila embryo undergoes rapid cleavage cycles in a lipid-rich environment. Here, we show that mitotic spindle formation, centrosomal maturation, and ER condensation occur with similar time frames in the early syncytium. In a screen for Rab family GTPases that display dynamic function at these stages, we identified Rab1. Rab1 disruption led to an enhanced buildup of ER at the spindle poles and produced an intriguing 'mini-spindle' phenotype. ER accumulation around the mitotic space negatively correlates with spindle length/intensity. Importantly, centrosomal maturation is defective in these embryos, as mitotic recruitment of key centrosomal proteins is weakened after Rab1 disruption. Finally, division failures and ER overaccumulation is rescued by Dynein inhibition, demonstrating that Dynein is essential for ER spindle recruitment. These results reveal that ER levels must be carefully tuned during mitotic processes to ensure proper assembly of the division machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Todd Blankenship
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
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2
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Sreeja JS, Jyothy A, Nellikka RK, Ghorai S, Riya PA, James J, Sengupta S. The centrosomal recruitment of γ-tubulin and its microtubule nucleation activity is α-fodrin guided. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:361-378. [PMID: 36082994 PMCID: PMC9851242 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2119516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation and recruitment of γ-TuRCs, the prime nucleator of microtubules, to the centrosome are still thrust areas of research. The interaction of fodrin, a sub-plasmalemmal cytoskeletal protein, with γ-tubulin is a new area of interest. To understand the cellular significance of this interaction, we show that depletion of α-fodrin brings in a significant reduction of γ-tubulin in neural cell centrosomes making it functionally under-efficient. This causes a loss of nucleation ability that cannot efficiently form microtubules in interphase cells and astral microtubules in mitosis. Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP) experiment implies that α-fodrin is important in the recruitment of γ-tubulin to the centrosome resulting in the aforementioned effects. Further, our experiments indicate that the interaction of α-fodrin with certain pericentriolar matrix proteins such as Pericentrin and CDK5RAP2 are crucial for the recruitment of γ-tubulin to the centrosome. Earlier we reported that α-fodrin limits the nucleation potential of γ-TuRC. In that context, this study suggests that α-fodrin is a γ-tubulin recruiting protein to the centrosome thus preventing cytoplasmic microtubule nucleation and thereby compartmentalizing the process to the centrosome for maximum efficiency. Summary statementα-fodrin is a γ-tubulin interacting protein that controls the process of γ-tubulin recruitment to the centrosome and thereby regulates the microtubule nucleation capacity spatially and temporally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamuna S. Sreeja
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Athira Jyothy
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Rohith Kumar Nellikka
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Sayan Ghorai
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Paul Ann Riya
- Regenerative Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Jackson James
- Regenerative Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Suparna Sengupta
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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3
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Ali A, Vineethakumari C, Lacasa C, Lüders J. Microtubule nucleation and γTuRC centrosome localization in interphase cells require ch-TOG. Nat Commun 2023; 14:289. [PMID: 36702836 PMCID: PMC9879976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Organization of microtubule arrays requires spatio-temporal regulation of the microtubule nucleator γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) at microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). MTOC-localized adapter proteins are thought to recruit and activate γTuRC, but the molecular underpinnings remain obscure. Here we show that at interphase centrosomes, rather than adapters, the microtubule polymerase ch-TOG (also named chTOG or CKAP5) ultimately controls γTuRC recruitment and activation. ch-TOG co-assembles with γTuRC to stimulate nucleation around centrioles. In the absence of ch-TOG, γTuRC fails to localize to these sites, but not the centriole lumen. However, whereas some ch-TOG is stably bound at subdistal appendages, it only transiently associates with PCM. ch-TOG's dynamic behavior requires its tubulin-binding TOG domains and a C-terminal region involved in localization. In addition, ch-TOG also promotes nucleation from the Golgi. Thus, at interphase centrosomes stimulation of nucleation and γTuRC attachment are mechanistically coupled through transient recruitment of ch-TOG, and ch-TOG's nucleation-promoting activity is not restricted to centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ali
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Chithran Vineethakumari
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Cristina Lacasa
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Jens Lüders
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
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4
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Tátrai P, Gergely F. Centrosome function is critical during terminal erythroid differentiation. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108739. [PMID: 35678476 PMCID: PMC9289712 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells are produced by terminal erythroid differentiation, which involves the dramatic morphological transformation of erythroblasts into enucleated reticulocytes. Microtubules are important for enucleation, but it is not known if the centrosome, a key microtubule-organizing center, is required as well. Mice lacking the conserved centrosome component, CDK5RAP2, are likely to have defective erythroid differentiation because they develop macrocytic anemia. Here, we show that fetal liver-derived, CDK5RAP2-deficient erythroid progenitors generate fewer and larger reticulocytes, hence recapitulating features of macrocytic anemia. In erythroblasts, but not in embryonic fibroblasts, loss of CDK5RAP2 or pharmacological depletion of centrosomes leads to highly aberrant spindle morphologies. Consistent with such cells exiting mitosis without chromosome segregation, tetraploidy is frequent in late-stage erythroblasts, thereby giving rise to fewer but larger reticulocytes than normal. Our results define a critical role for CDK5RAP2 and centrosomes in spindle formation specifically during blood production. We propose that disruption of centrosome and spindle function could contribute to the emergence of macrocytic anemias, for instance, due to nutritional deficiency or exposure to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Tátrai
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteLi Ka Shing CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Present address:
Solvo BiotechnologyBudapestHungary
| | - Fanni Gergely
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteLi Ka Shing CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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5
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Chen F, Wu J, Iwanski MK, Jurriens D, Sandron A, Pasolli M, Puma G, Kromhout JZ, Yang C, Nijenhuis W, Kapitein LC, Berger F, Akhmanova A. Self-assembly of pericentriolar material in interphase cells lacking centrioles. eLife 2022; 11:77892. [PMID: 35787744 PMCID: PMC9307276 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The major microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells, the centrosome, comprises a pair of centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material (PCM), which nucleates and anchors microtubules. Centrosome assembly depends on PCM binding to centrioles, PCM self-association and dynein-mediated PCM transport, but the self-assembly properties of PCM components in interphase cells are poorly understood. Here, we used experiments and modeling to study centriole-independent features of interphase PCM assembly. We showed that when centrioles are lost due to PLK4 depletion or inhibition, dynein-based transport and self-clustering of PCM proteins are sufficient to form a single compact MTOC, which generates a dense radial microtubule array. Interphase self-assembly of PCM components depends on γ-tubulin, pericentrin, CDK5RAP2 and ninein, but not NEDD1, CEP152, or CEP192. Formation of a compact acentriolar MTOC is inhibited by AKAP450-dependent PCM recruitment to the Golgi or by randomly organized CAMSAP2-stabilized microtubules, which keep PCM mobile and prevent its coalescence. Linking of CAMSAP2 to a minus-end-directed motor leads to the formation of an MTOC, but MTOC compaction requires cooperation with pericentrin-containing self-clustering PCM. Our data reveal that interphase PCM contains a set of components that can self-assemble into a compact structure and organize microtubules, but PCM self-organization is sensitive to motor- and microtubule-based rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrui Chen
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jingchao Wu
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Daphne Jurriens
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arianna Sandron
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Milena Pasolli
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gianmarco Puma
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Chao Yang
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wilco Nijenhuis
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Florian Berger
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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6
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Fdez E, Madero-Pérez J, Lara Ordóñez AJ, Naaldijk Y, Fasiczka R, Aiastui A, Ruiz-Martínez J, López de Munain A, Cowley SA, Wade-Martins R, Hilfiker S. Pathogenic LRRK2 regulates centrosome cohesion via Rab10/RILPL1-mediated CDK5RAP2 displacement. iScience 2022; 25:104476. [PMID: 35721463 PMCID: PMC9198432 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in LRRK2 increase its kinase activity and cause Parkinson's disease. LRRK2 phosphorylates a subset of Rab proteins which allows for their binding to RILPL1. The phospho-Rab/RILPL1 interaction causes deficits in ciliogenesis and interferes with the cohesion of duplicated centrosomes. We show here that centrosomal deficits mediated by pathogenic LRRK2 can also be observed in patient-derived iPS cells, and we have used transiently transfected cell lines to identify the underlying mechanism. The LRRK2-mediated centrosomal cohesion deficits are dependent on both the GTP conformation and phosphorylation status of the Rab proteins. Pathogenic LRRK2 does not displace proteinaceous linker proteins which hold duplicated centrosomes together, but causes the centrosomal displacement of CDK5RAP2, a protein critical for centrosome cohesion. The LRRK2-mediated centrosomal displacement of CDK5RAP2 requires RILPL1 and phospho-Rab proteins, which stably associate with centrosomes. These data provide fundamental information as to how pathogenic LRRK2 alters the normal physiology of a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fdez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Madero-Pérez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio J Lara Ordóñez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Yahaira Naaldijk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Rachel Fasiczka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ana Aiastui
- CIBERNED (Institute Carlos III), Madrid, Spain.,Cell Culture Platform, Biodonostia Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Martínez
- CIBERNED (Institute Carlos III), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia-OSAKIDETZA, San Sebastian, Spain.,Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- CIBERNED (Institute Carlos III), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia-OSAKIDETZA, San Sebastian, Spain.,Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sally A Cowley
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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7
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Tischer T, Yang J, Barford D. The APC/C targets the Cep152-Cep63 complex at the centrosome to regulate mitotic spindle assembly. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259273. [PMID: 34878135 PMCID: PMC8917351 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of protein abundance is a fundamental regulatory mechanism during mitosis. The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is the main protein ubiquitin ligase responsible for the temporal regulation of mitotic progression. It has been proposed that the APC/C might fulfil other functions, including assembly of the mitotic spindle. Here, we show that the APC/C localizes to centrosomes, the organizers of the eukaryotic microtubule cytoskeleton, specifically during mitosis. Recruitment of the APC/C to spindle poles requires the centrosomal protein Cep152, and we identified Cep152 as both an APC/C interaction partner and an APC/C substrate. Previous studies have shown that Cep152 forms a complex with Cep57 and Cep63. The APC/C-mediated ubiquitylation of Cep152 at the centrosome releases Cep57 from this inhibitory complex and enables its interaction with pericentrin, a critical step in promoting microtubule nucleation. Thus, our study extends the function of the APC/C from being a regulator of mitosis to also acting as a positive governor of spindle assembly. The APC/C thereby integrates control of these two important processes in a temporal manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tischer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - David Barford
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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8
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Wang X, Sipila P, Si Z, Rosales JL, Gao X, Lee KY. CDK5RAP2 loss-of-function causes premature cell senescence via the GSK3β/β-catenin-WIP1 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 13:9. [PMID: 34930892 PMCID: PMC8688469 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Developmental disorders characterized by small body size have been linked to CDK5RAP2 loss-of-function mutations, but the mechanisms underlying which remain obscure. Here, we demonstrate that knocking down CDK5RAP2 in human fibroblasts triggers premature cell senescence that is recapitulated in Cdk5rap2an/an mouse embryonic fibroblasts and embryos, which exhibit reduced body weight and size, and increased senescence-associated (SA)-β-gal staining compared to Cdk5rap2+/+ and Cdk5rap2+/an embryos. Interestingly, CDK5RAP2-knockdown human fibroblasts show increased p53 Ser15 phosphorylation that does not correlate with activation of p53 kinases, but rather correlates with decreased level of the p53 phosphatase, WIP1. Ectopic WIP1 expression reverses the senescent phenotype in CDK5RAP2-knockdown cells, indicating that senescence in these cells is linked to WIP1 downregulation. CDK5RAP2 interacts with GSK3β, causing increased inhibitory GSK3β Ser9 phosphorylation and inhibiting the activity of GSK3β, which phosphorylates β-catenin, tagging β-catenin for degradation. Thus, loss of CDK5RAP2 decreases GSK3β Ser9 phosphorylation and increases GSK3β activity, reducing nuclear β-catenin, which affects the expression of NF-κB target genes such as WIP1. Consequently, loss of CDK5RAP2 or β-catenin causes WIP1 downregulation. Inhibition of GSK3β activity restores β-catenin and WIP1 levels in CDK5RAP2-knockdown cells, reducing p53 Ser15 phosphorylation and preventing senescence in these cells. Conversely, inhibition of WIP1 activity increases p53 Ser15 phosphorylation and senescence in CDK5RAP2-depleted cells lacking GSK3β activity. These findings indicate that loss of CDK5RAP2 promotes premature cell senescence through GSK3β/β-catenin downregulation of WIP1. Premature cell senescence may contribute to reduced body size associated with CDK5RAP2 loss-of-function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidi Wang
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institutes, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Patrick Sipila
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institutes, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Zizhen Si
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jesusa L. Rosales
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institutes, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Xu Gao
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institutes, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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9
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Amargant F, Pujol A, Ferrer-Vaquer A, Durban M, Martínez M, Vassena R, Vernos I. The human sperm basal body is a complex centrosome important for embryo preimplantation development. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6377343. [PMID: 34581808 PMCID: PMC8561016 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of conversion of the human sperm basal body to a centrosome after fertilization, and its role in supporting human early embryogenesis, has not been directly addressed so far. Using proteomics and immunofluorescence studies, we show here that the human zygote inherits a basal body enriched with centrosomal proteins from the sperm, establishing the first functional centrosome of the new organism. Injection of human sperm tails containing the basal body into human oocytes followed by parthenogenetic activation, showed that the centrosome contributes to the robustness of the early cell divisions, increasing the probability of parthenotes reaching the compaction stage. In the absence of the sperm-derived centrosome, pericentriolar material (PCM) components stored in the oocyte can form de novo structures after genome activation, suggesting a tight PCM expression control in zygotes. Our results reveal that the sperm basal body is a complex organelle which converts to a centrosome after fertilization, ensuring the early steps of embryogenesis and successful compaction. However, more experiments are needed to elucidate the exact molecular mechanisms of centrosome inheritance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farners Amargant
- Clínica EUGIN-Eugin Group, Barcelona, Spain.,Cell and Developmental Biology Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aïda Pujol
- Centro de Infertilidad y Reproducción Humana (CIRH)-Eugin Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Isabelle Vernos
- Cell and Developmental Biology Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Liu H, Tao N, Wang Y, Yang Y, He X, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu X, Feng X, Sun M, Xu F, Su Y, Li L. A novel homozygous mutation of the PCNT gene in a Chinese patient with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1761. [PMID: 34331829 PMCID: PMC8457697 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD II) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe pre‐ and postnatal growth restrictions, microcephaly, skeletal dysplasia, severe teeth deformities, and typical facial features. Previous studies have shown that MOPD II is associated with mutations in the pericentrin (PCNT) gene. Methods We evaluated the clinical features of a 10‐year and 7‐month‐old Chinese girl with MOPD II. Subsequently, next‐generation sequencing and flow cytometry were performed to investigate genetic characteristics and the expression of PCNT protein respectively. Results The patient presented with short stature, microcephaly, typical craniofacial features, teeth deformity, thrombocytosis, and a delayed bone age (approximately 7 years). No abnormality in growth hormone or insulin‐like growth factor 1 was detected. Notably, the patient was found to carry a novel homozygous PCNT mutation (c.6157G>T, p.Glu2053Ter), which was inherited from her healthy heterozygous parents. Meanwhile, significant deficiency of PCNT expression was identified in the patient. Conclusion Our study identified a novel PCNT mutation associated with MOPD II, expanded the mutation spectrum of the PCNT gene and improved our understanding of the molecular basis of MOPD II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Liu
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Na Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuantao Zhou
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xingxing Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Meiyuan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanfang Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Li
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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11
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Steinfeldt J, Becker R, Vergarajauregui S, Engel FB. Alternative Splicing of Pericentrin Contributes to Cell Cycle Control in Cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8080087. [PMID: 34436229 PMCID: PMC8397033 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8080087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation is a promising option to regenerate the heart. Thus, it is important to elucidate mechanisms that contribute to the cell cycle arrest of mammalian cardiomyocytes. Here, we assessed the contribution of the pericentrin (Pcnt) S isoform to cell cycle arrest in postnatal cardiomyocytes. Immunofluorescence staining of Pcnt isoforms combined with SiRNA-mediated depletion indicates that Pcnt S preferentially localizes to the nuclear envelope, while the Pcnt B isoform is enriched at centrosomes. This is further supported by the localization of ectopically expressed FLAG-tagged Pcnt S and Pcnt B in postnatal cardiomyocytes. Analysis of centriole configuration upon Pcnt depletion revealed that Pcnt B but not Pcnt S is required for centriole cohesion. Importantly, ectopic expression of Pcnt S induced centriole splitting in a heterologous system, ARPE-19 cells, and was sufficient to impair DNA synthesis in C2C12 myoblasts. Moreover, Pcnt S depletion enhanced serum-induced cell cycle re-entry in postnatal cardiomyocytes. Analysis of mitosis, binucleation rate, and cell number suggests that Pcnt S depletion enhances serum-induced progression of postnatal cardiomyocytes through the cell cycle resulting in cell division. Collectively, our data indicate that alternative splicing of Pcnt contributes to the establishment of cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest shortly after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Steinfeldt
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.S.); (R.B.); (S.V.)
| | - Robert Becker
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.S.); (R.B.); (S.V.)
| | - Silvia Vergarajauregui
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.S.); (R.B.); (S.V.)
| | - Felix B. Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.S.); (R.B.); (S.V.)
- Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)9131-85-25699
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12
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Rasamizafy SF, Delsert C, Rabeharivelo G, Cau J, Morin N, van Dijk J. Mitotic Acetylation of Microtubules Promotes Centrosomal PLK1 Recruitment and Is Required to Maintain Bipolar Spindle Homeostasis. Cells 2021; 10:1859. [PMID: 34440628 PMCID: PMC8394630 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin post-translational modifications regulate microtubule properties and functions. Mitotic spindle microtubules are highly modified. While tubulin detyrosination promotes proper mitotic progression by recruiting specific microtubule-associated proteins motors, tubulin acetylation that occurs on specific microtubule subsets during mitosis is less well understood. Here, we show that siRNA-mediated depletion of the tubulin acetyltransferase ATAT1 in epithelial cells leads to a prolonged prometaphase arrest and the formation of monopolar spindles. This results from collapse of bipolar spindles, as previously described in cells deficient for the mitotic kinase PLK1. ATAT1-depleted mitotic cells have defective recruitment of PLK1 to centrosomes, defects in centrosome maturation and thus microtubule nucleation, as well as labile microtubule-kinetochore attachments. Spindle bipolarity could be restored, in the absence of ATAT1, by stabilizing microtubule plus-ends or by increasing PLK1 activity at centrosomes, demonstrating that the phenotype is not just a consequence of lack of K-fiber stability. We propose that microtubule acetylation of K-fibers is required for a recently evidenced cross talk between centrosomes and kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Fenosoa Rasamizafy
- Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.F.R.); (C.D.); (G.R.); (J.C.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Claude Delsert
- Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.F.R.); (C.D.); (G.R.); (J.C.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la mer, L3AS, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Gabriel Rabeharivelo
- Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.F.R.); (C.D.); (G.R.); (J.C.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Cau
- Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.F.R.); (C.D.); (G.R.); (J.C.)
- IGH, CNRS UMR 9002, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France
- Montpellier Rio Imaging, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Morin
- Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.F.R.); (C.D.); (G.R.); (J.C.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Juliette van Dijk
- Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.F.R.); (C.D.); (G.R.); (J.C.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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13
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Jiang X, Ho DBT, Mahe K, Mia J, Sepulveda G, Antkowiak M, Jiang L, Yamada S, Jao LE. Condensation of pericentrin proteins in human cells illuminates phase separation in centrosome assembly. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258897. [PMID: 34308971 PMCID: PMC8349556 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
At the onset of mitosis, centrosomes expand the pericentriolar material (PCM) to maximize their microtubule-organizing activity. This step, termed centrosome maturation, ensures proper spindle organization and faithful chromosome segregation. However, as the centrosome expands, how PCM proteins are recruited and held together without membrane enclosure remains elusive. We found that endogenously expressed pericentrin (PCNT), a conserved PCM scaffold protein, condenses into dynamic granules during late G2/early mitosis before incorporating into mitotic centrosomes. Furthermore, the N-terminal portion of PCNT, enriched with conserved coiled-coils (CCs) and low-complexity regions (LCRs), phase separates into dynamic condensates that selectively recruit PCM proteins and nucleate microtubules in cells. We propose that CCs and LCRs, two prevalent sequence features in the centrosomal proteome, are preserved under evolutionary pressure in part to mediate liquid-liquid phase separation, a process that bestows upon the centrosome distinct properties critical for its assembly and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dac Bang Tam Ho
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karan Mahe
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jennielee Mia
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Guadalupe Sepulveda
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mark Antkowiak
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Linhao Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Soichiro Yamada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Li-En Jao
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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14
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Alvarez-Rodrigo I, Wainman A, Saurya S, Raff JW. Ana1 helps recruit Polo to centrioles to promote mitotic PCM assembly and centriole elongation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258987. [PMID: 34156068 PMCID: PMC8325959 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo kinase (PLK1 in mammals) is a master cell cycle regulator that is recruited to various subcellular structures, often by its polo-box domain (PBD), which binds to phosphorylated S-pS/pT motifs. Polo/PLK1 kinases have multiple functions at centrioles and centrosomes, and we have previously shown that in Drosophila phosphorylated Sas-4 initiates Polo recruitment to newly formed centrioles, while phosphorylated Spd-2 recruits Polo to the pericentriolar material (PCM) that assembles around mother centrioles in mitosis. Here, we show that Ana1 (Cep295 in humans) also helps to recruit Polo to mother centrioles in Drosophila. If Ana1-dependent Polo recruitment is impaired, mother centrioles can still duplicate, disengage from their daughters and form functional cilia, but they can no longer efficiently assemble mitotic PCM or elongate during G2. We conclude that Ana1 helps recruit Polo to mother centrioles to specifically promote mitotic centrosome assembly and centriole elongation in G2, but not centriole duplication, centriole disengagement or cilia assembly. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jordan W. Raff
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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15
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Jung GI, Rhee K. Triple deletion of TP53, PCNT, and CEP215 promotes centriole amplification in the M phase. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1500-1517. [PMID: 34233584 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1950386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Supernumerary centrioles are frequently observed in diverse types of cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the generation of supernumerary centrioles during the M phase. We generated the TP53;PCNT;CEP215 triple knockout (KO) cells and determined the configurations of the centriole during the cell cycle. The triple KO cells exhibited a precocious separation of centrioles and unscheduled centriole assembly in the M phase. Supernumerary centrioles in the triple KO cells were present throughout the cell cycle; however, among all the centrioles, only two maintained an intact composition, including CEP135, CEP192, CEP295 and CEP152. Intact centrioles were formed during the S phase and the rest of the centrioles may be generated during the M phase. M-phase-assembled centrioles lacked the ability to organize microtubules in the interphase; however, a fraction of them may acquire pericentriolar material to organize microtubules during the M phase. Taken together, our work reveals the heterogeneity of the supernumerary centrioles in the triple KO cells. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Gee In Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kunsoo Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Wang X, Baumann C, De La Fuente R, Viveiros MM. CEP215 and AURKA regulate spindle pole focusing and aMTOC organization in mouse oocytes. Reproduction 2021; 159:261-274. [PMID: 31895686 DOI: 10.1530/rep-19-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acentriolar microtubule-organizing centers (aMTOCs) play a critical role in stable meiotic spindle assembly in oocytes, necessary for accurate chromosome segregation. Yet, there is a limited understanding of the essential regulatory components of these unique MTOCs. In somatic cells, CEP215 (Centrosomal Protein 215) serves as an important regulator of centrosome maturation and spindle organization. Here, we assessed whether it has a similar function in mouse oocytes. CEP215 was detected in oocyte lysates and specifically localized to aMTOCs throughout the progression of meiosis in a pericentrin-dependent manner. Super-resolution microscopy revealed CEP215 co-localization with pericentrin and a unique pore/ring-like structural organization of aMTOCs. Interestingly, inhibition of Aurora Kinase A in either MI or MII-stage oocytes resulted in a striking loss of the ring-like aMTOC organization and pronounced CEP215 clustering at spindle poles, as well as shorter spindles with highly focused poles. In vitro siRNA-mediated transcript knockdown effectively reduced CEP215 in approximately 85% of the oocytes. Maturation rates to MII were similar in the Cep215 siRNA and injected controls; however, a high percentage (~40%) of the Cep215-knockdown oocytes showed notable variations in spindle pole focusing. Surprisingly, pericentrin and γ-tubulin localization and fluorescence intensity at aMTOCs were unaltered in knockdown oocytes, contrasting with mitotic cells where CEP215 depletion reduced γ-tubulin at centrosomes. Our results demonstrate that CEP215 is a functional component of oocyte aMTOCs and participates in the regulation of meiotic spindle pole focusing. Moreover, these studies reveal a vital role for Aurora Kinase A activity in the maintenance of aMTOC organization in oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Claudia Baumann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Rabindranath De La Fuente
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria M Viveiros
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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17
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Vasquez-Limeta A, Loncarek J. Human centrosome organization and function in interphase and mitosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 117:30-41. [PMID: 33836946 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Centrosomes were first described by Edouard Van Beneden and named and linked to chromosome segregation by Theodor Boveri around 1870. In the 1960-1980s, electron microscopy studies have revealed the remarkable ultrastructure of a centriole -- a nine-fold symmetrical microtubular assembly that resides within a centrosome and organizes it. Less than two decades ago, proteomics and genomic screens conducted in multiple species identified hundreds of centriole and centrosome core proteins and revealed the evolutionarily conserved nature of the centriole assembly pathway. And now, super resolution microscopy approaches and improvements in cryo-tomography are bringing an unparalleled nanoscale-detailed picture of the centriole and centrosome architecture. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge about the architecture of human centrioles. We discuss the structured organization of centrosome components in interphase, focusing on localization/function relationship. We discuss the process of centrosome maturation and mitotic spindle pole assembly in centriolar and acentriolar cells, emphasizing recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, NIH/NCI, Frederick 21702, MD, USA.
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18
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Chinen T, Yamazaki K, Hashimoto K, Fujii K, Watanabe K, Takeda Y, Yamamoto S, Nozaki Y, Tsuchiya Y, Takao D, Kitagawa D. Centriole and PCM cooperatively recruit CEP192 to spindle poles to promote bipolar spindle assembly. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202006085. [PMID: 33443571 PMCID: PMC7812875 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pericentriolar material (PCM) that accumulates around the centriole expands during mitosis and nucleates microtubules. Here, we show the cooperative roles of the centriole and PCM scaffold proteins, pericentrin and CDK5RAP2, in the recruitment of CEP192 to spindle poles during mitosis. Systematic depletion of PCM proteins revealed that CEP192, but not pericentrin and/or CDK5RAP2, was crucial for bipolar spindle assembly in HeLa, RPE1, and A549 cells with centrioles. Upon double depletion of pericentrin and CDK5RAP2, CEP192 that remained at centriole walls was sufficient for bipolar spindle formation. In contrast, through centriole removal, we found that pericentrin and CDK5RAP2 recruited CEP192 at the acentriolar spindle pole and facilitated bipolar spindle formation in mitotic cells with one centrosome. Furthermore, the perturbation of PLK1, a critical kinase for PCM assembly, efficiently suppressed bipolar spindle formation in mitotic cells with one centrosome. Overall, these data suggest that the centriole and PCM scaffold proteins cooperatively recruit CEP192 to spindle poles and facilitate bipolar spindle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Chinen
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaho Yamazaki
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaho Hashimoto
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Fujii
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Centrosome Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koki Watanabe
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takeda
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate Program in Bioscience, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Nozaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Centrosome Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Centrosome Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takao
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiju Kitagawa
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Centrosome Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
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19
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Ma Y, Xu Z, Zhao J, Shen H. Novel compound heterozygous mutations of PCNT gene in MOPD type II with central precocious puberty. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:190-192. [PMID: 33016782 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1827382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a 6-year and 11-month old girl with short stature, microcephaly, proboscis nose, small teeth, left breast Tanner stage II, and nasopharynx adenoid hypertrophy. Her gestational age was 37 weeks and birth weight was 800 g. Her growth hormone peak was higher than 35.2 ng/ml, luteinizing hormone peak 8.97 IU/l, and blood glucose of 120 min 7.82 mmol/l in oral glucose tolerance test. Genetic testing revealed two novel heterozygous mutations in the PCNT gene, an insertion mutation at c.1828dupT (p.S610Ffs*32), and a splice site mutation at c.1207 + 1G>A, which were inherited from healthy carrier patients. This case shows that MOPDII can be associated with central precocious puberty and impaired glucose tolerance in addition to intrauterine growth restriction, postpartum growth defect, and microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhuangjian Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinling Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Handan Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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20
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Identification of three novel mutations in PCNT in vietnamese patients with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:115-121. [PMID: 33460028 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primordial dwarfism (PD) is a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders related to developmental disabilities occurring in the uterus and prolongs during all stages of life, resulting in short stature, facial deformities and abnormal brain. OBJECTIVE To determine the exact cause of the disease in two Vietnamese patients priory diagnosed with PD by severe pre-and postnatal growth retardation with marked microcephaly and some bone abnormalities. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed for the two patients and mutations in genes related to PD were screened. Sanger sequencing was applied to examine the mutations in the patients of their families. RESULTS Three novel mutations in the PCNT gene which have not been reported previously were identified in the two patients. Of which, two frameshift mutations (p.Thr479Profs*6 and p.Glu2742Alafs*8) were detected in patient I and one stop-gained mutation (p.Gln1907*) was detected in the patient II. These mutations may result in a truncated PCNT protein, leading to an inactivated PACT domain corresponding to residue His3138-Trp3216 of PCNT protein. Therefore, the three mutations may cause a deficiency of protein functional activity and result in the phenotypes of primordial dwarfism in the two patients. CONCLUSIONS Clinical presentations in combination with genetic analyses supported an accurate diagnosis of the two patients with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD II). In addition, these results have important implications for prenatal genetic screening and genetic counseling for the families.
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21
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Kuriyama R, Fisher CR. A novel mitosis-specific Cep215 domain interacts with Cep192 and phosphorylated Aurora A for organization of spindle poles. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/24/jcs240267. [PMID: 33376154 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome, which consists of centrioles and pericentriolar material (PCM), becomes mature and assembles mitotic spindles by increasing the number of microtubules (MTs) emanating from the PCM. Among the molecules involved in centrosome maturation, Cep192 and Aurora A (AurA, also known as AURKA) are primarily responsible for recruitment of γ-tubulin and MT nucleators, whereas pericentrin (PCNT) is required for PCM organization. However, the role of Cep215 (also known as CDK5RAP2) in centrosome maturation remains elusive. Cep215 possesses binding domains for γ-tubulin, PCNT and MT motors that transport acentrosomal MTs towards the centrosome. We identify a mitosis-specific centrosome-targeting domain of Cep215 (215N) that interacts with Cep192 and phosphorylated AurA (pAurA). Cep192 is essential for targeting 215N to centrosomes, and centrosomal localization of 215N and pAurA is mutually dependent. Cep215 has a relatively minor role in γ-tubulin recruitment to the mitotic centrosome. However, it has been shown previously that this protein is important for connecting mitotic centrosomes to spindle poles. Based on the results of rescue experiments using versions of Cep215 with different domain deletions, we conclude that Cep215 plays a role in maintaining the structural integrity of the spindle pole by providing a platform for the molecules involved in centrosome maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Kuriyama
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cody R Fisher
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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22
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Watanabe S, Meitinger F, Shiau AK, Oegema K, Desai A. Centriole-independent mitotic spindle assembly relies on the PCNT-CDK5RAP2 pericentriolar matrix. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e202006010. [PMID: 33170211 PMCID: PMC7658699 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes, composed of centrioles that recruit a pericentriolar material (PCM) matrix assembled from PCNT and CDK5RAP2, catalyze mitotic spindle assembly. Here, we inhibit centriole formation and/or remove PCNT-CDK5RAP2 in RPE1 cells to address their relative contributions to spindle formation. While CDK5RAP2 and PCNT are normally dispensable for spindle formation, they become essential when centrioles are absent. Acentriolar spindle assembly is accompanied by the formation of foci containing PCNT and CDK5RAP2 via a microtubule and Polo-like kinase 1-dependent process. Foci formation and spindle assembly require PCNT-CDK5RAP2-dependent matrix assembly and the ability of CDK5RAP2 to recruit γ-tubulin complexes. Thus, the PCM matrix can self-organize independently of centrioles to generate microtubules for spindle assembly; conversely, an alternative centriole-anchored mechanism supports spindle assembly when the PCM matrix is absent. Extension to three cancer cell lines revealed similar results in HeLa cells, whereas DLD1 and U2OS cells could assemble spindles in the absence of centrioles and PCNT-CDK5RAP2, suggesting cell type variation in spindle assembly mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadanori Watanabe
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Franz Meitinger
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrew K. Shiau
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA
| | - Karen Oegema
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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23
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Alvarez-Rodrigo I, Steinacker TL, Saurya S, Conduit PT, Baumbach J, Novak ZA, Aydogan MG, Wainman A, Raff JW. Evidence that a positive feedback loop drives centrosome maturation in fly embryos. eLife 2019; 8:e50130. [PMID: 31498081 PMCID: PMC6733597 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are formed when mother centrioles recruit pericentriolar material (PCM) around themselves. The PCM expands dramatically as cells prepare to enter mitosis (a process termed centrosome maturation), but it is unclear how this expansion is achieved. In flies, Spd-2 and Cnn are thought to form a scaffold around the mother centriole that recruits other components of the mitotic PCM, and the Polo-dependent phosphorylation of Cnn at the centrosome is crucial for scaffold assembly. Here, we show that, like Cnn, Spd-2 is specifically phosphorylated at centrosomes. This phosphorylation appears to create multiple phosphorylated S-S/T(p) motifs that allow Spd-2 to recruit Polo to the expanding scaffold. If the ability of Spd-2 to recruit Polo is impaired, the scaffold is initially assembled around the mother centriole, but it cannot expand outwards, and centrosome maturation fails. Our findings suggest that interactions between Spd-2, Polo and Cnn form a positive feedback loop that drives the dramatic expansion of the mitotic PCM in fly embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Alvarez-Rodrigo
- The Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Thomas L Steinacker
- The Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Saroj Saurya
- The Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul T Conduit
- The Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Janina Baumbach
- The Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Zsofia A Novak
- The Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Mustafa G Aydogan
- The Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Alan Wainman
- The Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Jordan W Raff
- The Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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24
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Joukov V, De Nicolo A. The Centrosome and the Primary Cilium: The Yin and Yang of a Hybrid Organelle. Cells 2019; 8:E701. [PMID: 31295970 PMCID: PMC6678760 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes and primary cilia are usually considered as distinct organelles, although both are assembled with the same evolutionary conserved, microtubule-based templates, the centrioles. Centrosomes serve as major microtubule- and actin cytoskeleton-organizing centers and are involved in a variety of intracellular processes, whereas primary cilia receive and transduce environmental signals to elicit cellular and organismal responses. Understanding the functional relationship between centrosomes and primary cilia is important because defects in both structures have been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Here, we discuss evidence that the animal centrosome evolved, with the transition to complex multicellularity, as a hybrid organelle comprised of the two distinct, but intertwined, structural-functional modules: the centriole/primary cilium module and the pericentriolar material/centrosome module. The evolution of the former module may have been caused by the expanding cellular diversification and intercommunication, whereas that of the latter module may have been driven by the increasing complexity of mitosis and the requirement for maintaining cell polarity, individuation, and adhesion. Through its unique ability to serve both as a plasma membrane-associated primary cilium organizer and a juxtanuclear microtubule-organizing center, the animal centrosome has become an ideal integrator of extracellular and intracellular signals with the cytoskeleton and a switch between the non-cell autonomous and the cell-autonomous signaling modes. In light of this hypothesis, we discuss centrosome dynamics during cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation and propose a model of centrosome-driven microtubule assembly in mitotic and interphase cells. In addition, we outline the evolutionary benefits of the animal centrosome and highlight the hierarchy and modularity of the centrosome biogenesis networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Joukov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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25
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Fang CT, Kuo HH, Hsu SC, Yih LH. HSP70 is required for the proper assembly of pericentriolar material and function of mitotic centrosomes. Cell Div 2019; 14:4. [PMID: 31110557 PMCID: PMC6511203 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-019-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At the onset of mitosis, the centrosome expands and matures, acquiring enhanced activities for microtubule nucleation and assembly of a functional bipolar mitotic spindle. However, the mechanisms that regulate centrosome expansion and maturation are largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated in an immortalized human cell line CGL2 and cancer cell line HeLa that the inducible form of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) accumulates at the mitotic centrosome and is required for centrosome maturation and bipolar spindle assembly. Results In this study, we further show that HSP70 accumulated at the spindle pole in a PLK1-dependent manner. HSP70 colocalized with pericentrin (PCNT), CEP215 and γ-tubulin at the spindle pole and was required for the 3D assembly of these three proteins, which supports mitotic centrosome function. Loss of HSP70 disrupted mitotic centrosome structure, reduced pericentriolar material recruitment and induced fragmentation of spindle poles. In addition, HSP70 was necessary for the interaction between PCNT and CEP215 and also facilitated PLK1 accumulation and function at the spindle pole. Furthermore, we found that HSP70 chaperone activity is required for PCNT accumulation at the mitotic centrosome and assembly of mitotic spindles. Conclusion Our current results demonstrate that HSP70 is required for the accurate assembly of the pericentriolar material and proper functioning of mitotic centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ting Fang
- 1Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,2Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Kuo
- 2Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Hsu
- 2Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Ling-Huei Yih
- 2Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
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26
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Full F, van Gent M, Sparrer KMJ, Chiang C, Zurenski MA, Scherer M, Brockmeyer NH, Heinzerling L, Stürzl M, Korn K, Stamminger T, Ensser A, Gack MU. Centrosomal protein TRIM43 restricts herpesvirus infection by regulating nuclear lamina integrity. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:164-176. [PMID: 30420784 PMCID: PMC6294671 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins mediate antiviral host defences by either directly targeting viral components or modulating innate immune responses. Here we identify a mechanism of antiviral restriction in which a TRIM E3 ligase controls viral replication by regulating the structure of host cell centrosomes and thereby nuclear lamina integrity. Through RNAi screening we identified several TRIM proteins, including TRIM43, that control the reactivation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. TRIM43 was distinguished by its ability to restrict a broad range of herpesviruses and its profound upregulation during herpesvirus infection as part of a germline-specific transcriptional program mediated by the transcription factor DUX4. TRIM43 ubiquitinates the centrosomal protein pericentrin, thereby targeting it for proteasomal degradation, which subsequently leads to alterations of the nuclear lamina that repress active viral chromatin states. Our study identifies a role of the TRIM43-pericentrin-lamin axis in intrinsic immunity, which may be targeted for therapeutic intervention against herpesviral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Full
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michiel van Gent
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Konstantin M J Sparrer
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cindy Chiang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Myriam Scherer
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Norbert H Brockmeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lucie Heinzerling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Korn
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Armin Ensser
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michaela U Gack
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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27
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Kim J, Kim J, Rhee K. PCNT is critical for the association and conversion of centrioles to centrosomes during mitosis. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.225789. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.225789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A centrosome consists of a pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material (PCM). We manipulated expression of PCNT, a key PCM protein, and investigated roles of PCM in centriole behavior during mitosis. Deletion of PCNT had little effect on the interphase centrosomes. However, centrioles in PCNT-deleted mitotic cells prematurely separated and frequently amplified, revealing that centrioles are limited within the spindle poles by PCNT during mitosis. It is known that specific cleavage of PCNT is necessary for centriole separation during mitotic exit. Delayed centriole separation was observed in G0 phase when a noncleavable PCNT was removed or when PCNT was artificially cleaved by TEV protease. Furthermore, a daughter centriole converts to a mother centriole only after experiencing both mitotic exit and specific PCNT cleavage. Based on the results, we propose that a centriole pair disengages upon entering mitosis but remains associated with the surrounding PCM proteins throughout mitosis. During mitotic exit, specific cleavage of PCNT induces PCM disintegration. As a result, a daughter centriole separates from the mother centriole and converts to a young mother centriole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jeongjin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kunsoo Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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28
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Lorenzo-Betancor O, Blackburn PR, Edwards E, Vázquez-do-Campo R, Klee EW, Labbé C, Hodges K, Glover P, Sigafoos AN, Soto AI, Walton RL, Doxsey S, Bober MB, Jennings S, Clark KJ, Asmann Y, Miller D, Freeman WD, Meschia J, Ross OA. PCNT point mutations and familial intracranial aneurysms. Neurology 2018; 91:e2170-e2181. [PMID: 30413633 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify novel genes involved in the etiology of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) or subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAHs) using whole-exome sequencing. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing in 13 individuals from 3 families with an autosomal dominant IA/SAH inheritance pattern to look for candidate genes for disease. In addition, we sequenced PCNT exon 38 in a further 161 idiopathic patients with IA/SAH to find additional carriers of potential pathogenic variants. RESULTS We identified 2 different variants in exon 38 from the PCNT gene shared between affected members from 2 different families with either IA or SAH (p.R2728C and p.V2811L). One hundred sixty-four samples with either SAH or IA were Sanger sequenced for the PCNT exon 38. Five additional missense mutations were identified. We also found a second p.V2811L carrier in a family with a history of neurovascular diseases. CONCLUSION The PCNT gene encodes a protein that is involved in the process of microtubule nucleation and organization in interphase and mitosis. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in PCNT cause a form of primordial dwarfism (microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II), and ≈50% of these patients will develop neurovascular abnormalities, including IAs and SAHs. In addition, a complete Pcnt knockout mouse model (Pcnt -/-) published previously showed general vascular abnormalities, including intracranial hemorrhage. The variants in our families lie in the highly conserved PCNT protein-protein interaction domain, making PCNT a highly plausible candidate gene in cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo Lorenzo-Betancor
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Patrick R Blackburn
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emily Edwards
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rocío Vázquez-do-Campo
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eric W Klee
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Catherine Labbé
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kyndall Hodges
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Patrick Glover
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ashley N Sigafoos
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alexandra I Soto
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ronald L Walton
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen Doxsey
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael B Bober
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah Jennings
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Karl J Clark
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yan Asmann
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David Miller
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - William D Freeman
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James Meschia
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Owen A Ross
- From the Department of Neuroscience (O.L.-B., C.L., K.H., P.G., A.I.S., R.L.W., O.A.R.), Center for Individualized Medicine (P.R.B., J.M.), Department of Health Sciences Research (P.R.B., Y.A.), Department of Neurology (E.E., R.V.-d-C., W.D.F., J.M.), Clinical Research Internship Study Program (P.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (D.M., W.D.F.), and Department of Clinical Genomics (O.A.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Center for Individualized Medicine (E.W.K.), Department of Health Sciences Research (E.W.K.), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.W.K.), Department of Clinical Genomics (E.W.K.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.N.S., K.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biology (K.H., O.A.R.), Basic Research Internship in Neuroscience and Cancer, University of North Florida, Jacksonville; Program in Molecular Medicine (S.D.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Division of Genetics (M.B.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; and Section of Clinical Genetics & Genetic Counseling (S.J.), St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA.
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29
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Galati DF, Sullivan KD, Pham AT, Espinosa JM, Pearson CG. Trisomy 21 Represses Cilia Formation and Function. Dev Cell 2018; 46:641-650.e6. [PMID: 30100262 PMCID: PMC6557141 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy 21 (T21) is the most prevalent human chromosomal disorder, causing a range of cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurological abnormalities. However, the cellular processes disrupted by T21 are poorly understood. Consistent with the clinical overlap between T21 and ciliopathies, we discovered that T21 disrupts cilia formation and signaling. Cilia defects arise from increased expression of Pericentrin, a centrosome scaffold and trafficking protein encoded on chromosome 21. Elevated Pericentrin is necessary and sufficient for T21 cilia defects. Pericentrin accumulates at centrosomes and dramatically in the cytoplasm surrounding centrosomes. Centrosome Pericentrin recruits more γ-tubulin and enhances microtubules, whereas cytoplasmic Pericentrin assembles into large foci that do not efficiently traffic. Moreover, the Pericentrin-associated cilia assembly factor IFT20 and the ciliary signaling molecule Smoothened do not efficiently traffic to centrosomes and cilia. Thus, increased centrosome protein dosage produces ciliopathy-like outcomes in T21 cells by decreasing trafficking between the cytoplasm, centrosomes, and cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico F Galati
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew T Pham
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chad G Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Mitosis is controlled by reversible protein phosphorylation involving specific kinases and phosphatases. A handful of major mitotic protein kinases, such as the cyclin B-CDK1 complex, the Aurora kinases, and Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), cooperatively regulate distinct mitotic processes. Research has identified proteins and mechanisms that integrate these kinases into signaling cascades that guide essential mitotic events. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the mechanisms of mitotic regulation and may advance the development of novel antimitotic drugs. We review collected evidence that in vertebrates, the Aurora kinases serve as catalytic subunits of distinct complexes formed with the four scaffold proteins Bora, CEP192, INCENP, and TPX2, which we deem "core" Aurora cofactors. These complexes and the Aurora-PLK1 cascades organized by Bora, CEP192, and INCENP control crucial aspects of mitosis and all pathways of spindle assembly. We compare the mechanisms of Aurora activation in relation to the different spindle assembly pathways and draw a functional analogy between the CEP192 complex and the chromosomal passenger complex that may reflect the coevolution of centrosomes, kinetochores, and the actomyosin cleavage apparatus. We also analyze the roles and mechanisms of Aurora-PLK1 signaling in the cell and centrosome cycles and in the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Joukov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg 197758, Russian Federation.
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31
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Sepulveda G, Antkowiak M, Brust-Mascher I, Mahe K, Ou T, Castro NM, Christensen LN, Cheung L, Jiang X, Yoon D, Huang B, Jao LE. Co-translational protein targeting facilitates centrosomal recruitment of PCNT during centrosome maturation in vertebrates. eLife 2018; 7:34959. [PMID: 29708497 PMCID: PMC5976437 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As microtubule-organizing centers of animal cells, centrosomes guide the formation of the bipolar spindle that segregates chromosomes during mitosis. At mitosis onset, centrosomes maximize microtubule-organizing activity by rapidly expanding the pericentriolar material (PCM). This process is in part driven by the large PCM protein pericentrin (PCNT), as its level increases at the PCM and helps recruit additional PCM components. However, the mechanism underlying the timely centrosomal enrichment of PCNT remains unclear. Here, we show that PCNT is delivered co-translationally to centrosomes during early mitosis by cytoplasmic dynein, as evidenced by centrosomal enrichment of PCNT mRNA, its translation near centrosomes, and requirement of intact polysomes for PCNT mRNA localization. Additionally, the microtubule minus-end regulator, ASPM, is also targeted co-translationally to mitotic spindle poles. Together, these findings suggest that co-translational targeting of cytoplasmic proteins to specific subcellular destinations may be a generalized protein targeting mechanism. Before a cell divides, it creates a copy of its genetic material (DNA) and evenly distributes it between the new ‘daughter’ cells with the help of a complex called the mitotic spindle. This complex is made of long cable-like protein chains called microtubules. To ensure that each daughter cell receives an equal amount of DNA, structures known as centrosomes organize the microtubules during the division process. Centrosomes have two rigid cores, called centrioles, which are surrounded by a matrix of proteins called the pericentriolar material. It is from this material that the microtubules are organized. The pericentriolar material is a dynamic structure and changes its size by assembling and disassembling its protein components. The larger the pericentriolar material, the more microtubules can form. Before a cell divides, it rapidly expands in a process called centrosome maturation. A protein called pericentrin initiates the maturation by helping to recruit other proteins to the centrosome. Pericentrin molecules are large, and it takes the cell between 10 and 20 minutes to make each one. Nevertheless, the cell can produce and deliver large quantities of pericentrin to the centrosome in a matter of minutes. We do not yet know how this happens. To investigate this further, Sepulveda, Antkowiak, Brust-Mascher et al. used advanced microscopy to study zebrafish embryos and human cells grown in the laboratory. The results showed that cells build and transport pericentrin at the same time. Cells use messenger RNA molecules as templates to build proteins. These feed into protein factories called ribosomes, which assemble the building blocks in the correct order. Rather than waiting for the pericentrin production to finish, the cell moves the active factories to the centrosome with the help of a molecular motor called dynein. By the time the pericentrin molecules are completely made by ribosomes, they are already at the centrosome, ready to help with the recruitment of other proteins during centrosome maturation. These findings improve our understanding of centrosome maturation. The next step is to find out how the cell coordinates this process with the recruitment of other proteins to the centrosome. It is also possible that the cell uses similar processes to deliver other proteins to different parts of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Sepulveda
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Mark Antkowiak
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Ingrid Brust-Mascher
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Karan Mahe
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Tingyoung Ou
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Noemi M Castro
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Lana N Christensen
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Lee Cheung
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Xueer Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Daniel Yoon
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, United States
| | - Li-En Jao
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
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32
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Kolobova E, Roland JT, Lapierre LA, Williams JA, Mason TA, Goldenring JR. The C-terminal region of A-kinase anchor protein 350 (AKAP350A) enables formation of microtubule-nucleation centers and interacts with pericentriolar proteins. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20394-20409. [PMID: 29054927 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.806018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules in animal cells assemble (nucleate) from both the centrosome and the cis-Golgi cisternae. A-kinase anchor protein 350 kDa (AKAP350A, also called AKAP450/CG-NAP/AKAP9) is a large scaffolding protein located at both the centrosome and Golgi apparatus. Previous findings have suggested that AKAP350 is important for microtubule dynamics at both locations, but how this scaffolding protein assembles microtubule nucleation machinery is unclear. Here, we found that overexpression of the C-terminal third of AKAP350A, enhanced GFP-AKAP350A(2691-3907), induces the formation of multiple microtubule-nucleation centers (MTNCs). Nevertheless, these induced MTNCs lacked "true" centriole proteins, such as Cep135. Mapping analysis with AKAP350A truncations demonstrated that AKAP350A contains discrete regions responsible for promoting or inhibiting the formation of multiple MTNCs. Moreover, GFP-AKAP350A(2691-3907) recruited several pericentriolar proteins to MTNCs, including γ-tubulin, pericentrin, Cep68, Cep170, and Cdk5RAP2. Proteomic analysis indicated that Cdk5RAP2 and Cep170 both interact with the microtubule nucleation-promoting region of AKAP350A, whereas Cep68 interacts with the distal C-terminal AKAP350A region. Yeast two-hybrid assays established a direct interaction of Cep170 with AKAP350A. Super-resolution and deconvolution microscopy analyses were performed to define the association of AKAP350A with centrosomes, and these studies disclosed that AKAP350A spans the bridge between centrioles, co-localizing with rootletin and Cep68 in the linker region. siRNA-mediated depletion of AKAP350A caused displacement of both Cep68 and Cep170 from the centrosome. These results suggest that AKAP350A acts as a scaffold for factors involved in microtubule nucleation at the centrosome and coordinates the assembly of protein complexes associating with the intercentriolar bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kolobova
- From the Departments of Surgery and.,the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and
| | - Joseph T Roland
- From the Departments of Surgery and.,the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and
| | - Lynne A Lapierre
- From the Departments of Surgery and.,the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and
| | | | - Twila A Mason
- the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and.,Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - James R Goldenring
- From the Departments of Surgery and .,the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and.,Cell and Developmental Biology.,the Nashville Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and
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33
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Nesprin-1α-Dependent Microtubule Nucleation from the Nuclear Envelope via Akap450 Is Necessary for Nuclear Positioning in Muscle Cells. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2999-3009.e9. [PMID: 28966089 PMCID: PMC5640514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus is the main microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in muscle cells due to the accumulation of centrosomal proteins and microtubule (MT) nucleation activity at the nuclear envelope (NE) [1, 2, 3, 4]. The relocalization of centrosomal proteins, including Pericentrin, Pcm1, and γ-tubulin, depends on Nesprin-1, an outer nuclear membrane (ONM) protein that connects the nucleus to the cytoskeleton via its N-terminal region [5, 6, 7]. Nesprins are also involved in the recruitment of kinesin to the NE and play a role in nuclear positioning in skeletal muscle cells [8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. However, a function for MT nucleation from the NE in nuclear positioning has not been established. Using the proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) method [13, 14], we found several centrosomal proteins, including Akap450, Pcm1, and Pericentrin, whose association with Nesprin-1α is increased in differentiated myotubes. We show that Nesprin-1α recruits Akap450 to the NE independently of kinesin and that Akap450, but not other centrosomal proteins, is required for MT nucleation from the NE. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this mechanism is disrupted in congenital muscular dystrophy patient myotubes carrying a nonsense mutation within the SYNE1 gene (23560 G>T) encoding Nesprin-1 [15, 16]. Finally, using computer simulation and cell culture systems, we provide evidence for a role of MT nucleation from the NE on nuclear spreading in myotubes. Our data thus reveal a novel function for Nesprin-1α/Nesprin-1 in nuclear positioning through recruitment of Akap450-mediated MT nucleation activity to the NE. BioID of Nesprin-1α identifies centrosomal proteins at myotube nuclear envelope Nesprin-1α-containing LINC complexes recruit Akap450 to myotube nuclear envelope Akap450 is required for microtubule nucleation at the nuclear envelope Microtubule nucleation at the nuclear envelope is involved in nuclear positioning
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34
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Fry AM, Sampson J, Shak C, Shackleton S. Recent advances in pericentriolar material organization: ordered layers and scaffolding gels. F1000Res 2017; 6:1622. [PMID: 29026530 PMCID: PMC5583744 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11652.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is an unusual organelle that lacks a surrounding membrane, raising the question of what limits its size and shape. Moreover, while electron microscopy (EM) has provided a detailed view of centriole architecture, there has been limited understanding of how the second major component of centrosomes, the pericentriolar material (PCM), is organized. Here, we summarize exciting recent findings from super-resolution fluorescence imaging, structural biology, and biochemical reconstitution that together reveal the presence of ordered layers and complex gel-like scaffolds in the PCM. Moreover, we discuss how this is leading to a better understanding of the process of microtubule nucleation, how alterations in PCM size are regulated in cycling and differentiated cells, and why mutations in PCM components lead to specific human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Fry
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Josephina Sampson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Caroline Shak
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sue Shackleton
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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35
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Lee I, Kim GS, Bae JS, Kim J, Rhee K, Hwang DS. The DNA replication protein Cdc6 inhibits the microtubule-organizing activity of the centrosome. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16267-16276. [PMID: 28827311 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.763680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome serves as a major microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). The Cdc6 protein is a component of the pre-replicative complex and a licensing factor for the initiation of chromosome replication and localizes to centrosomes during the S and G2 phases of the cfell cycle of human cells. This cell cycle-dependent localization of Cdc6 to the centrosome motivated us to investigate whether Cdc6 negatively regulates MTOC activity and to determine the integral proteins that comprise the pericentriolar material (PCM). Time-lapse live-cell imaging of microtubule regrowth revealed that Cdc6 depletion increased microtubule nucleation at the centrosomes and that expression of Cdc6 in Cdc6-depleted cells reversed this effect. This increase and decrease in microtubule nucleation correlated with the centrosomal intensities of PCM proteins such as γ-tubulin, pericentrin, CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 (CDK5RAP2), and centrosomal protein 192 (Cep192). The regulation of microtubule nucleation and the recruitment of PCM proteins to the centrosome required Cdc6 ATPase activity, as well as a centrosomal localization of Cdc6. These results suggest a novel function for Cdc6 in coordinating centrosome assembly and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Lee
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Gwang Su Kim
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Bae
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jaeyoun Kim
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kunsoo Rhee
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Deog Su Hwang
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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36
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Abstract
The organization of microtubule networks is crucial for controlling chromosome segregation during cell division, for positioning and transport of different organelles, and for cell polarity and morphogenesis. The geometry of microtubule arrays strongly depends on the localization and activity of the sites where microtubules are nucleated and where their minus ends are anchored. Such sites are often clustered into structures known as microtubule-organizing centers, which include the centrosomes in animals and spindle pole bodies in fungi. In addition, other microtubules, as well as membrane compartments such as the cell nucleus, the Golgi apparatus, and the cell cortex, can nucleate, stabilize, and tether microtubule minus ends. These activities depend on microtubule-nucleating factors, such as γ-tubulin-containing complexes and their activators and receptors, and microtubule minus end-stabilizing proteins with their binding partners. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on how such factors work together to control microtubule organization in different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Wu
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; ,
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; ,
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37
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Karki M, Keyhaninejad N, Shuster CB. Precocious centriole disengagement and centrosome fragmentation induced by mitotic delay. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15803. [PMID: 28607478 PMCID: PMC5474744 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) delays mitotic progression until all sister chromatid pairs achieve bi-orientation, and while the SAC can maintain mitotic arrest for extended periods, moderate delays in mitotic progression have significant effects on the resulting daughter cells. Here we show that when retinal-pigmented epithelial (RPE1) cells experience mitotic delay, there is a time-dependent increase in centrosome fragmentation and centriole disengagement. While most cells with disengaged centrioles maintain spindle bipolarity, clustering of disengaged centrioles requires the kinesin-14, HSET. Centrosome fragmentation and precocious centriole disengagement depend on separase and anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activity, which also triggers the acquisition of distal appendage markers on daughter centrioles and the loss of procentriolar markers. Together, these results suggest that moderate delays in mitotic progression trigger the initiation of centriole licensing through centriole disengagement, at which point the ability to maintain spindle bipolarity becomes a function of HSET-mediated spindle pole clustering. The spindle assembly checkpoint delays mitotic progression until sister chromatids are bi-oriented. Here the authors show that moderate delays in mitotic progression induce centrosome fragmentation and centriole disengagement and that spindle bipolarity is ensured by HSET-mediated spindle pole clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menuka Karki
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - Neda Keyhaninejad
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA.,Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Charles B Shuster
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
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38
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Baumann C, Wang X, Yang L, Viveiros MM. Error-prone meiotic division and subfertility in mice with oocyte-conditional knockdown of pericentrin. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1251-1262. [PMID: 28193732 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.196188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse oocytes lack canonical centrosomes and instead contain unique acentriolar microtubule-organizing centers (aMTOCs). To test the function of these distinct aMTOCs in meiotic spindle formation, pericentrin (Pcnt), an essential centrosome/MTOC protein, was knocked down exclusively in oocytes by using a transgenic RNAi approach. Here, we provide evidence that disruption of aMTOC function in oocytes promotes spindle instability and severe meiotic errors that lead to pronounced female subfertility. Pcnt-depleted oocytes from transgenic (Tg) mice were ovulated at the metaphase-II stage, but show significant chromosome misalignment, aneuploidy and premature sister chromatid separation. These defects were associated with loss of key Pcnt-interacting proteins (γ-tubulin, Nedd1 and Cep215) from meiotic spindle poles, altered spindle structure and chromosome-microtubule attachment errors. Live-cell imaging revealed disruptions in the dynamics of spindle assembly and organization, together with chromosome attachment and congression defects. Notably, spindle formation was dependent on Ran GTPase activity in Pcnt-deficient oocytes. Our findings establish that meiotic division is highly error-prone in the absence of Pcnt and disrupted aMTOCs, similar to what reportedly occurs in human oocytes. Moreover, these data underscore crucial differences between MTOC-dependent and -independent meiotic spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Baumann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Luhan Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Maria M Viveiros
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA .,Regenerative Biosciences Center (RBC), University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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39
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Johnson DE, Ostrowski P, Jaumouillé V, Grinstein S. The position of lysosomes within the cell determines their luminal pH. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:677-92. [PMID: 26975849 PMCID: PMC4792074 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201507112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of luminal lysosomal pH in combination with heterologous expression of lysosomal-associated proteins indicates that peripheral lysosomes are more alkaline than juxtanuclear ones and that depletion of Rab7 and its effector, RILP, are associated with and can account for the reduced acidification. We examined the luminal pH of individual lysosomes using quantitative ratiometric fluorescence microscopy and report an unappreciated heterogeneity: peripheral lysosomes are less acidic than juxtanuclear ones despite their comparable buffering capacity. An increased passive (leak) permeability to protons, together with reduced vacuolar H+–adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) activity, accounts for the reduced acidifying ability of peripheral lysosomes. The altered composition of peripheral lysosomes is due, at least in part, to more limited access to material exported by the biosynthetic pathway. The balance between Rab7 and Arl8b determines the subcellular localization of lysosomes; more peripheral lysosomes have reduced Rab7 density. This in turn results in decreased recruitment of Rab-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP), an effector that regulates the recruitment and stability of the V1G1 component of the lysosomal V-ATPase. Deliberate margination of lysosomes is associated with reduced acidification and impaired proteolytic activity. The heterogeneity in lysosomal pH may be an indication of a broader functional versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Johnson
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Philip Ostrowski
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Valentin Jaumouillé
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
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40
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Abstract
As a microtubule-organizing center, the centrosome undergoes a dramatic increase in size - via expansion of the pericentriolar material - during mitosis. Recent work reveals shared assembly properties of a protein scaffold that facilitates and supports this expansion, a process critical to spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna L Prosser
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Laurence Pelletier
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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41
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Kraemer N, Ravindran E, Zaqout S, Neubert G, Schindler D, Ninnemann O, Gräf R, Seiler AEM, Kaindl AM. Loss of CDK5RAP2 affects neural but not non-neural mESC differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:2044-57. [PMID: 25942099 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1044169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in the gene encoding centrosomal CDK5RAP2 lead to autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH), a disorder characterized by pronounced reduction in volume of otherwise architectonical normal brains and intellectual deficit. The current model for the microcephaly phenotype in MCPH invokes a premature shift from symmetric to asymmetric neural progenitor-cell divisions with a subsequent depletion of the progenitor pool. The isolated neural phenotype, despite the ubiquitous expression of CDK5RAP2, and reports of progressive microcephaly in individual MCPH cases prompted us to investigate neural and non-neural differentiation of Cdk5rap2-depleted and control murine embryonic stem cells (mESC). We demonstrate an accumulating proliferation defect of neurally differentiating Cdk5rap2-depleted mESC and cell death of proliferative and early postmitotic cells. A similar effect does not occur in non-neural differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes, which is in line with the lack of non-central nervous system features in MCPH patients. Our data suggest that MCPH is not only caused by premature differentiation of progenitors, but also by reduced propagation and survival of neural progenitors.
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Key Words
- CDK5RAP2
- Cdk5rap2, Cyclin-dependent kinase-5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- MCPH
- MCPH, autosomal recessive primary microcephaly
- NPCs, neuroepithelial progenitor cells
- mESC, murine embryonic stem cells
- mLIF, murine leukemia inhibitory factor
- mental retardation
- neural differentiation
- primary microcephaly
- qPCR, quantitative real-time PCR.
- stem cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kraemer
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Campus Mitte ; Berlin , Germany
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42
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Chavali PL, Chandrasekaran G, Barr AR, Tátrai P, Taylor C, Papachristou EK, Woods CG, Chavali S, Gergely F. A CEP215-HSET complex links centrosomes with spindle poles and drives centrosome clustering in cancer. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11005. [PMID: 26987684 PMCID: PMC4802056 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerical centrosome aberrations underlie certain developmental abnormalities and may promote cancer. A cell maintains normal centrosome numbers by coupling centrosome duplication with segregation, which is achieved through sustained association of each centrosome with a mitotic spindle pole. Although the microcephaly- and primordial dwarfism-linked centrosomal protein CEP215 has been implicated in this process, the molecular mechanism responsible remains unclear. Here, using proteomic profiling, we identify the minus end-directed microtubule motor protein HSET as a direct binding partner of CEP215. Targeted deletion of the HSET-binding domain of CEP215 in vertebrate cells causes centrosome detachment and results in HSET depletion at centrosomes, a phenotype also observed in CEP215-deficient patient-derived cells. Moreover, in cancer cells with centrosome amplification, the CEP215-HSET complex promotes the clustering of extra centrosomes into pseudo-bipolar spindles, thereby ensuring viable cell division. Therefore, stabilization of the centrosome-spindle pole interface by the CEP215-HSET complex could promote survival of cancer cells containing supernumerary centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra L. Chavali
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Gayathri Chandrasekaran
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Alexis R. Barr
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Péter Tátrai
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Chris Taylor
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Evaggelia K. Papachristou
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - C. Geoffrey Woods
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sreenivas Chavali
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Fanni Gergely
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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43
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Kim J, Lee K, Rhee K. PLK1 regulation of PCNT cleavage ensures fidelity of centriole separation during mitotic exit. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10076. [PMID: 26647647 PMCID: PMC4682042 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are duplicated and segregated in close link to the cell cycle. During mitosis, daughter centrioles are disengaged and eventually separated from mother centrioles. New daughter centrioles may be generated only after centriole separation. Therefore, centriole separation is considered a licensing step for centriole duplication. It was previously known that separase specifically cleaves pericentrin (PCNT) during mitotic exit. Here we report that PCNT has to be phosphorylated by PLK1 to be a suitable substrate of separase. Phospho-resistant mutants of PCNT are not cleaved by separase and eventually inhibit centriole separation. Furthermore, phospho-mimetic PCNT mutants rescue centriole separation even in the presence of a PLK1 inhibitor. On the basis on these results, we propose that PLK1 phosphorylation is a priming step for separase-mediated cleavage of PCNT and eventually for centriole separation. PLK1 phosphorylation of PCNT provides an additional layer of regulatory mechanism to ensure the fidelity of centriole separation during mitotic exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kwanwoo Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kunsoo Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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44
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Lerit DA, Jordan HA, Poulton JS, Fagerstrom CJ, Galletta BJ, Peifer M, Rusan NM. Interphase centrosome organization by the PLP-Cnn scaffold is required for centrosome function. J Cell Biol 2015; 210:79-97. [PMID: 26150390 PMCID: PMC4494003 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201503117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cnn and PLP directly interact at two defined sites to coordinate the cell cycle–dependent rearrangement and scaffolding activity of the centrosome to permit normal centrosome organization, cell division, and embryonic viability. Pericentriolar material (PCM) mediates the microtubule (MT) nucleation and anchoring activity of centrosomes. A scaffold organized by Centrosomin (Cnn) serves to ensure proper PCM architecture and functional changes in centrosome activity with each cell cycle. Here, we investigate the mechanisms that spatially restrict and temporally coordinate centrosome scaffold formation. Focusing on the mitotic-to-interphase transition in Drosophila melanogaster embryos, we show that the elaboration of the interphase Cnn scaffold defines a major structural rearrangement of the centrosome. We identify an unprecedented role for Pericentrin-like protein (PLP), which localizes to the tips of extended Cnn flares, to maintain robust interphase centrosome activity and promote the formation of interphase MT asters required for normal nuclear spacing, centrosome segregation, and compartmentalization of the syncytial embryo. Our data reveal that Cnn and PLP directly interact at two defined sites to coordinate the cell cycle–dependent rearrangement and scaffolding activity of the centrosome to permit normal centrosome organization, cell division, and embryonic viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy A Lerit
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Holly A Jordan
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John S Poulton
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Carey J Fagerstrom
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Brian J Galletta
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mark Peifer
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Nasser M Rusan
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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45
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Hehnly H, Canton D, Bucko P, Langeberg LK, Ogier L, Gelman I, Santana LF, Wordeman L, Scott JD. A mitotic kinase scaffold depleted in testicular seminomas impacts spindle orientation in germ line stem cells. eLife 2015; 4:e09384. [PMID: 26406118 PMCID: PMC4612572 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct orientation of the mitotic spindle in stem cells underlies organogenesis. Spindle abnormalities correlate with cancer progression in germ line-derived tumors. We discover a macromolecular complex between the scaffolding protein Gravin/AKAP12 and the mitotic kinases, Aurora A and Plk1, that is down regulated in human seminoma. Depletion of Gravin correlates with an increased mitotic index and disorganization of seminiferous tubules. Biochemical, super-resolution imaging, and enzymology approaches establish that this Gravin scaffold accumulates at the mother spindle pole during metaphase. Manipulating elements of the Gravin-Aurora A-Plk1 axis prompts mitotic delay and prevents appropriate assembly of astral microtubules to promote spindle misorientation. These pathological responses are conserved in seminiferous tubules from Gravin(-/-) mice where an overabundance of Oct3/4 positive germ line stem cells displays randomized orientation of mitotic spindles. Thus, we propose that Gravin-mediated recruitment of Aurora A and Plk1 to the mother (oldest) spindle pole contributes to the fidelity of symmetric cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Hehnly
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | - David Canton
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Paula Bucko
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Lorene K Langeberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Leah Ogier
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Irwin Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, United States
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Linda Wordeman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - John D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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46
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Abstract
It has become clear that the role of centrosomes extends well beyond that of important microtubule organizers. There is increasing evidence that they also function as coordination centres in eukaryotic cells, at which specific cytoplasmic proteins interact at high concentrations and important cell decisions are made. Accordingly, hundreds of proteins are concentrated at centrosomes, including cell cycle regulators, checkpoint proteins and signalling molecules. Nevertheless, several observations have raised the question of whether centrosomes are essential for many cell processes. Recent findings have shed light on the functions of centrosomes in animal cells and on the molecular mechanisms of centrosome assembly, in particular during mitosis. These advances should ultimately allow the in vitro reconstitution of functional centrosomes from their component proteins to unlock the secrets of these enigmatic organelles.
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47
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Richens JH, Barros TP, Lucas EP, Peel N, Pinto DMS, Wainman A, Raff JW. The Drosophila Pericentrin-like-protein (PLP) cooperates with Cnn to maintain the integrity of the outer PCM. Biol Open 2015; 4:1052-61. [PMID: 26157019 PMCID: PMC4542290 DOI: 10.1242/bio.012914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes comprise a pair of centrioles surrounded by a matrix of pericentriolar material (PCM). In vertebrate cells, Pericentrin plays an important part in mitotic PCM assembly, but the Drosophila Pericentrin-like protein (PLP) appears to have a more minor role in mitotic fly cells. Here we investigate the function of PLP during the rapid mitotic cycles of the early Drosophila embryo. Unexpectedly, we find that PLP is specifically enriched in the outer-most regions of the PCM, where it largely co-localizes with the PCM scaffold protein Cnn. In the absence of PLP the outer PCM appears to be structurally weakened, and it rapidly disperses along the centrosomal microtubules (MTs). As a result, centrosomal MTs are subtly disorganized in embryos lacking PLP, although mitosis is largely unperturbed and these embryos develop and hatch at near-normal rates. Y2H analysis reveals that PLP can potentially form multiple interactions with itself and with the PCM recruiting proteins Asl, Spd-2 and Cnn. A deletion analysis suggests that PLP participates in a complex network of interactions that ultimately help to strengthen the PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Richens
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Teresa P Barros
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Eliana P Lucas
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Nina Peel
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - David Miguel Susano Pinto
- Micron Oxford Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Alan Wainman
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Jordan W Raff
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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48
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Targeting of γ-tubulin complexes to microtubule organizing centers: conservation and divergence. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:296-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Pagan JK, Marzio A, Jones MJ, Saraf A, Jallepalli PV, Florens L, Washburn MP, Pagano M. Degradation of Cep68 and PCNT cleavage mediate Cep215 removal from the PCM to allow centriole separation, disengagement and licensing. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:31-43. [PMID: 25503564 PMCID: PMC4415623 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An intercentrosomal linker keeps a cell's two centrosomes joined together until it is dissolved at the onset of mitosis. A second connection keeps daughter centrioles engaged to their mothers until they lose their orthogonal arrangement at the end of mitosis. Centriole disengagement is required to license centrioles for duplication. We show that the intercentrosomal linker protein Cep68 is degraded in prometaphase through the SCF(βTrCP) (Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complex. Cep68 degradation is initiated by PLK1 phosphorylation of Cep68 on Ser 332, allowing recognition by βTrCP. We also found that Cep68 forms a complex with Cep215 (also known as Cdk5Rap2) and PCNT (also known as pericentrin), two PCM (pericentriolar material) proteins involved in centriole engagement. Cep68 and PCNT bind to different pools of Cep215. We propose that Cep68 degradation allows Cep215 removal from the peripheral PCM preventing centriole separation following disengagement, whereas PCNT cleavage mediates Cep215 removal from the core of the PCM to inhibit centriole disengagement and duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Pagan
- Department of Pathology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Antonio Marzio
- Department of Pathology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mathew J.K. Jones
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anita Saraf
- The Stowers Institute of Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Prasad V. Jallepalli
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Laurence Florens
- The Stowers Institute of Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Michael P. Washburn
- The Stowers Institute of Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Pathology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Du J, Cao Y, Wang Q, Zhang N, Liu X, Chen D, Liu X, Xu Q, Ma W. Unique subcellular distribution of phosphorylated Plk1 (Ser137 and Thr210) in mouse oocytes during meiotic division and pPlk1(Ser137) involvement in spindle formation and REC8 cleavage. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:3566-79. [PMID: 26654596 PMCID: PMC4825778 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is pivotal for proper mitotic progression, its targeting activity is regulated by precise subcellular positioning and phosphorylation. Here we assessed the protein expression, subcellular localization and possible functions of phosphorylated Plk1 (pPlk1(Ser137) and pPlk1(Thr210)) in mouse oocytes during meiotic division. Western blot analysis revealed a peptide of pPlk1(Ser137) with high and stable expression from germinal vesicle (GV) until metaphase II (MII), while pPlk1(Thr210) was detected as one large single band at GV stage and 2 small bands after germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), which maintained stable up to MII. Immunofluorescence analysis showed pPlk1(Ser137) was colocalized with microtubule organizing center (MTOC) proteins, γ-tubulin and pericentrin, on spindle poles, concomitantly with persistent concentration at centromeres and dynamic aggregation between chromosome arms. Differently, pPlk1(Thr210) was persistently distributed across the whole body of chromosomes after meiotic resumption. The specific Plk1 inhibitor, BI2536, repressed pPlk1(Ser137) accumulation at MTOCs and between chromosome arms, consequently disturbed γ-tubulin and pericentrin recruiting to MTOCs, destroyed meiotic spindle formation, and delayed REC8 cleavage, therefore arresting oocytes at metaphase I (MI) with chromosome misalignment. BI2536 completely reversed the premature degradation of REC8 and precocious segregation of chromosomes induced with okadaic acid (OA), an inhibitor to protein phosphatase 2A. Additionally, the protein levels of pPlk1(Ser137) and pPlk1(Thr210), as well as the subcellular distribution of pPlk1(Thr210), were not affected by BI2536. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Plk1 activity is required for meiotic spindle assembly and REC8 cleavage, with pPlk1(Ser137) is the action executor, in mouse oocytes during meiotic division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Histology and Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Capital Medical University; Beijing, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Histology and Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Capital Medical University; Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Capital Medical University; Beijing, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Capital Medical University; Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Capital Medical University; Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Capital Medical University; Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Capital Medical University; Beijing, China
| | - Qunyuan Xu
- Department of Neurobiology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Capital Medical University; Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Capital Medical University; Beijing, China
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