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Georgelin M, Ferreira VHB, Cornilleau F, Meurisse M, Poissenot K, Beltramo M, Keller M, Lansade L, Dardente H, Calandreau L. Short photoperiod modulates behavior, cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis in male Japanese quail. Sci Rep 2023; 13:951. [PMID: 36653419 PMCID: PMC9849226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the photoperiodic control of reproduction in mammals and birds have been recently clarified. In contrast, the potential impact of photoperiod on more complex, integrative processes, such as cognitive behaviors, remains poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the impact of contrasted long and short photoperiods (LP, 16 h light/day and SP, 8 h light/day, respectively) on learning, spatial orientation abilities, and emotional reactivity in male Japanese quail. In addition, we quantified cell proliferation and young cell maturation/migration within the hippocampus, a brain region involved in spatial orientation. Our study reveals that, in male quail, SP increases emotional responses and spatial orientation abilities, compared to LP. Behaviorally, SP birds were found to be more fearful than LP birds, exhibiting more freezing in the open field and taking longer to exit the dark compartment in the emergence test. Furthermore, SP birds were significantly less aggressive than LP birds in a mirror test. Cognitively, SP birds were slower to habituate and learn a spatial orientation task compared to LP birds. However, during a recall test, SP birds performed better than LP birds. From a neuroanatomical standpoint, SP birds had a significantly lower density of young neurons, and also tended to have a lower density of mature neurons within the hippocampus, compared to LP birds. In conclusion, our data reveal that, beyond breeding control, photoperiod also exerts a profound influence on behavior, cognition, and brain plasticity, which comprise the seasonal program of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Georgelin
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Vitor Hugo Bessa Ferreira
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabien Cornilleau
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Maryse Meurisse
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Kévin Poissenot
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Massimiliano Beltramo
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Matthieu Keller
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Léa Lansade
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Hugues Dardente
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ludovic Calandreau
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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2
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Chronic exposure to stressors has a persistent effect on feeding behaviour but not cortisol levels in sticklebacks. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Elmetwally MA, Samy A, Eldesouky A, Lenis YY, Eldomany W. Uterine blood flow, fetal heart rate, gestational length, and fetal birth weight variability in response to maternal temperament in the goat. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13563. [PMID: 34013649 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This prospective study was designed to investigate the effects of maternal temperament on uterine blood flow, fetal heart rate, gestational length, and fetal birth weight in a goat experimental model. Based on the arena test, behavioral testing related to fear-eliciting stimulus, goats were divided into nervous (n = 13) and calm (n = 11) groups. After mating, the perfusion of maternal uterine arteries (UTAs) and its related Doppler parameters, blood flow volume (BFV), time-averaged mean velocity (TAMEANV), acceleration (Acce), and resistance impedance (S/D), were evaluated biweekly from week two until the end of pregnancy. Fetal heart rate (FHR) was investigated during the pregnancy in addition to the gestation length (GL) and fetal birth weight (FBW). The UTA-BFV and TAMEANV, as well as Acce and S/D, were influenced by maternal temperament (p < .05). The FHR showed no significant changes between experimental animals of different temperaments (p = .81). Both GL and FBW were increased in calm rather than nervous goats (p < .05). These results indicated that the maternal nervous (temperament) have negative impacts on uterine artery Doppler indices, fetal growth, and gestational length in a goat experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Elmetwally
- Department of Theriogenology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Institute of Reproductive Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alaa Samy
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Eldesouky
- Department of Theriogenology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yasser Y Lenis
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,OHVRI, Health and Veterinary Innovative Research and Development, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agrarian Science, Antioquia University, Medellín, Colombia.,Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira, Colombia
| | - Wael Eldomany
- Department of Theriogenology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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4
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Training level reveals a dynamic dialogue between stress and memory systems in birds. Behav Brain Res 2021; 408:113280. [PMID: 33819534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress profoundly affects forms of declarative memory, such as spatial memory, while it may spare non-declarative memory, such as cue-based memory. It is known, however, that the effects of chronic stress on memory systems may vary according to the level of training of an individual was submitted. Here, we investigated, in birds, how chronic stress impact spatial and cue-based memories according to training level. For that, control and chronically stressed Japanese quail were trained in a task that could be solved using spatial and cue-based memory and tested for their memory performance after 5 and 15 training days (initial training and overtraining, respectively) and following an emotional challenge (exposure to an open field). Our results showed that, compared to control quail, chronic stress impacted negatively spatial memory performances in stressed birds after initial training, but these differences were lowered after overtraining. Control birds seemed to shift from spatial to cue-based memory to solve the task across overtraining. However, an emotional challenge before testing reinstated the negative impact of chronic stress on spatial memory performances between the groups, revealing that chronic stress/overtraining did not eliminate the spatial memory and differences caused by stressors can reemerge depending on the individual's immediate psychological state. Contrary to spatial memory, cue-based memory was not affected in chronically stressed birds compared to control birds in any test occasion, confirming its resistance against the negative effects of chronic stress. Altogether these findings reveal a dynamic dialogue between stress, training level, and memory systems in birds.
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5
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Robertson JK, Mastromonaco GF, Burness G. Social hierarchy reveals thermoregulatory trade-offs in response to repeated stressors. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb229047. [PMID: 32967999 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.229047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Coping with stressors can require substantial energetic investment, and when resources are limited, such investment can preclude simultaneous expenditure on other biological processes. Among endotherms, energetic demands of thermoregulation can also be immense, yet our understanding of whether a stress response is sufficient to induce changes in thermoregulatory investment is limited. Using the black-capped chickadee as a model species, we tested a hypothesis that stress-induced changes in surface temperature (Ts), a well-documented phenomenon across vertebrates, stem from trade-offs between thermoregulation and stress responsiveness. Because social subordination is known to constrain access to resources in this species, we predicted that Ts and dry heat loss of social subordinates, but not social dominants, would fall under stress exposure at low ambient temperatures (Ta), and rise under stress exposure at high Ta, thus permitting a reduction in total energetic expenditure toward thermoregulation. To test our predictions, we exposed four social groups of chickadees to repeated stressors and control conditions across a Ta gradient (n=30 days/treatment/group), whilst remotely monitoring social interactions and Ts Supporting our hypothesis, we show that: (1) social subordinates (n=12), who fed less than social dominants and alone experienced stress-induced mass-loss, displayed significantly larger changes in Ts following stress exposure than social dominants (n=8), and (2) stress-induced changes in Ts significantly increased heat conservation at low Ta and heat dissipation at high Ta among social subordinates alone. These results suggest that chickadees adjust their thermoregulatory strategies during stress exposure when resources are limited by ecologically relevant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Robertson
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9L 0G2
- Department of Wildlife and Science, Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, ON, Canada M1B 5K7
| | | | - Gary Burness
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9L 0G2
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6
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Lormant F, Ferreira VHB, Meurisse M, Lemarchand J, Constantin P, Morisse M, Cornilleau F, Parias C, Chaillou E, Bertin A, Lansade L, Leterrier C, Lévy F, Calandreau L. Emotionality modulates the impact of chronic stress on memory and neurogenesis in birds. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14620. [PMID: 32884096 PMCID: PMC7471904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is a strong modulator of cognitive processes, such as learning and memory. There is, however, great within-individual variation in how an animal perceives and reacts to stressors. These differences in coping with stress modulate the development of stress-induced memory alterations. The present study investigated whether and how chronic stress and individual emotionality interrelate and influence memory performances and brain neurogenesis in birds. For that, we used two lines of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) with divergent emotionality levels. Highly (E+) and less (E-) emotional quail were submitted to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 3 weeks and trained in a spatial task and a discrimination task, a form of cue-based memory. E + and E- birds were also used to assess the impact of CUS and emotionality on neurogenesis within the hippocampus and the striatum. CUS negatively impacted spatial memory, and cell proliferation, and survival in the hippocampus. High emotionality was associated with a decreased hippocampal neurogenesis. CUS improved discrimination performances and favored the differentiation of newborn cells into mature neurons in the striatum, specifically in E+ birds. Our results provide evidence that CUS consequences on memory and neural plasticity depends both on the memory system and individual differences in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Lormant
- INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, 37041, Tours, France.,IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Vitor Hugo Bessa Ferreira
- INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, 37041, Tours, France.,IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,Yncréa Hauts-de-France, ISA Lille, 48 bd Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Maryse Meurisse
- INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, 37041, Tours, France.,IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Julie Lemarchand
- INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, 37041, Tours, France.,IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Paul Constantin
- INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, 37041, Tours, France.,IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Mélody Morisse
- INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, 37041, Tours, France.,IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabien Cornilleau
- INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, 37041, Tours, France.,IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Céline Parias
- INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, 37041, Tours, France.,IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Elodie Chaillou
- INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, 37041, Tours, France.,IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Aline Bertin
- INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, 37041, Tours, France.,IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Léa Lansade
- INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, 37041, Tours, France.,IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christine Leterrier
- INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, 37041, Tours, France.,IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Frédéric Lévy
- INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, 37041, Tours, France.,IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ludovic Calandreau
- INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380, Nouzilly, France. .,CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380, Nouzilly, France. .,Université François Rabelais, 37041, Tours, France. .,IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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7
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Robertson JK, Mastromonaco G, Burness G. Evidence that stress-induced changes in surface temperature serve a thermoregulatory function. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb213421. [PMID: 31974220 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.213421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The fact that body temperature can rise or fall following exposure to stressors has been known for nearly two millennia; however, the functional value of this phenomenon remains poorly understood. We tested two competing hypotheses to explain stress-induced changes in temperature, with respect to surface tissues. Under the first hypothesis, changes in surface temperature are a consequence of vasoconstriction that occur to attenuate blood loss in the event of injury and serve no functional purpose per se; defined as the 'haemoprotective hypothesis'. Under the second hypothesis, changes in surface temperature reduce thermoregulatory burdens experienced during activation of a stress response, and thus hold a direct functional value: the 'thermoprotective hypothesis'. To understand whether stress-induced changes in surface temperature have functional consequences, we tested predictions of these two hypotheses by exposing black-capped chickadees (n=20) to rotating stressors across an ecologically relevant ambient temperature gradient, while non-invasively monitoring surface temperature (eye region temperature) using infrared thermography. Our results show that individuals exposed to rotating stressors reduce surface temperature and dry heat loss at low ambient temperature and increase surface temperature and dry heat loss at high ambient temperature, when compared with controls. These results support the thermoprotective hypothesis and suggest that changes in surface temperature following stress exposure have functional consequences and are consistent with an adaptation. Such findings emphasize the importance of the thermal environment in shaping physiological responses to stressors in vertebrates, and in doing so, raise questions about their suitability within the context of a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Robertson
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, K9L 0G2
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, The Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada, M1B 5K7
| | - Gabriela Mastromonaco
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, The Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada, M1B 5K7
| | - Gary Burness
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, K9L 0G2
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8
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Poissenot K, Anger K, Constantin P, Cornilleau F, Lomet D, Tsutsui K, Dardente H, Calandreau L, Beltramo M. Brain mapping of the gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone-related peptide 2 with a novel antibody suggests a connection with emotional reactivity in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica, Temminck & Schlegel, 1849). J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:1872-1884. [PMID: 30734308 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a neuropeptide first discovered in the quail brain that is involved in the control of reproductive physiology and behaviors, and stress response. GnIH gene encodes a second peptide, GnIH-related peptide-2 (RP2), the distribution and function of which remain unknown. We therefore studied GnIH-RP2 distribution by immunohistochemistry using a novel antibody capable of discriminating between GnIH and GnIH-RP2. The overall distribution of GnIH-RP2 is similar to that of GnIH. The vast majority of labeled neurons is located in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Labeling of fibers is conspicuous in the diencephalon, but present also in the mesencephalon and telencephalon. Several regions involved in the control of reproduction and stress response (the PVN, septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and nucleus commissura pallii) showed a dense network of immunolabeled fibers. To investigate the potential function of GnIH-RP2 we compared its expression in two quail lines genetically selected for divergence in their emotional reactivity. A quantitative analysis in the above-mentioned brain regions showed that the density of fibers was similar in the two lines. However, the number of GnIH-RP2 labeled neurons was higher in the median portion of the PVN in birds with higher emotional reactivity. These results point to a possible involvement of GnRH-RP2 in modulating stress response and/or emotional reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Poissenot
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Karine Anger
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Paul Constantin
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabien Cornilleau
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Lomet
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hugues Dardente
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ludovic Calandreau
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Massimiliano Beltramo
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
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9
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Lormant F, Cornilleau F, Constantin P, Meurisse M, Lansade L, Leterrier C, Lévy F, Calandreau L. A trait for a high emotionality favors spatial memory to the detriment of cue-based memory in Japanese quail. Behav Processes 2018; 157:256-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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O'Brien CE, Jozet-Alves C, Mezrai N, Bellanger C, Darmaillacq AS, Dickel L. Maternal and Embryonic Stress Influence Offspring Behavior in the Cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:981. [PMID: 29249984 PMCID: PMC5717421 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress experienced during prenatal development-either applied to reproducing females (maternal stress), directly to developing offspring (embryonic stress) or in combination-is associated with a range of post-natal behavioral effects in numerous organisms. We conducted an experiment to discern if maternal and embryonic stressors affect the behavior of hatchlings of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, a species with features that allow for the examination of these stress types in isolation. Separating the impact of stress transmitted through the mother vs. stress experienced by the embryo itself will help clarify the behavioral findings in viviparous species for which it is impossible to disentangle these effects. We also compared the effect of a naturally-occurring (predator cue) and an "artificial" (bright, randomly-occurring LED light) embryonic stressor. This allowed us to test the hypothesis that a threat commonly faced by a species (natural threat) would be met with a genetically-programmed and adaptive response while a novel one would confound innate defense mechanisms and lead to maladaptive effects. We found that the maternal stressor was associated with significant differences in body patterning and activity patterns. By contrast, embryonic exposure to stressors increased the proportion of individuals that pursued prey. From these results, it appears that in cuttlefish, maternal and embryonic stressors affect different post-natal behavior in offspring. In addition, the effect of the artificial stressor suggests that organisms can sometimes react adaptively to a stressor even if it is not one that has been encountered during the evolutionary history of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E O'Brien
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, Rennes 1 Univ., UR1, CNRS, UMR 6552 ETHOS, Caen, France
| | | | - Nawel Mezrai
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, Rennes 1 Univ., UR1, CNRS, UMR 6552 ETHOS, Caen, France
| | - Cécile Bellanger
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, Rennes 1 Univ., UR1, CNRS, UMR 6552 ETHOS, Caen, France
| | | | - Ludovic Dickel
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, Rennes 1 Univ., UR1, CNRS, UMR 6552 ETHOS, Caen, France
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11
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Favreau-Peigné A, Calandreau L, Constantin P, Bertin A, Arnould C, Laurence A, Richard-Yris MA, Houdelier C, Lumineau S, Boissy A, Leterrier C. Unpredictable and repeated negative stimuli increased emotional reactivity in male quail. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Environmental enrichment reduces behavioural alterations induced by chronic stress in Japanese quail. Animal 2015; 9:331-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114002523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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