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Thermofluor-Based Optimization Strategy for the Stabilization of Recombinant Human Soluble Catechol- O-Methyltransferase. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012298. [PMID: 36293152 PMCID: PMC9603843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) has been involved in a number of medical conditions including catechol-estrogen-induced cancers and a great range of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Currently, Parkinson's disease treatment relies on a triple prophylaxis, involving dopamine replacement by levodopa, the use of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitors, and the use of COMT inhibitors. Typically, COMT is highly thermolabile, and its soluble isoform (SCOMT) loses biological activity within a short time span preventing further structural and functional trials. Herein, we characterized the thermal stability profile of lysate cells from Komagataella pastoris containing human recombinant SCOMT (hSCOMT) and enzyme-purified fractions (by Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography-IMAC) upon interaction with several buffers and additives by Thermal Shift Assay (TSA) and a biological activity assessment. Based on the obtained results, potential conditions able to increase the thermal stability of hSCOMT have been found through the analysis of melting temperature (Tm) variations. Moreover, the use of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C4mim]Cl (along with cysteine, trehalose, and glycerol) ensures complete protein solubilization as well as an increment in the protein Tm of approximately 10 °C. Thus, the developed formulation enhances hSCOMT stability with an increment in the percentage of activity recovery of 200% and 70% when the protein was stored at 4 °C and -80 °C, respectively, for 12 h. The formation of metanephrine over time confirmed that the enzyme showed twice the productivity in the presence of the additive. These outstanding achievements might pave the way for the development of future hSCOMT structural and biophysical studies, which are fundamental for the design of novel therapeutic molecules.
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Gonçalves AM, Sousa Â, Pedro AQ, Romão MJ, Queiroz JA, Gallardo E, Passarinha LA. Advances in Membrane-Bound Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Stability Achieved Using a New Ionic Liquid-Based Storage Formulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137264. [PMID: 35806268 PMCID: PMC9266758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase (MBCOMT), present in the brain and involved in the main pathway of the catechol neurotransmitter deactivation, is linked to several types of human dementia, which are relevant pharmacological targets for new potent and nontoxic inhibitors that have been developed, particularly for Parkinson’s disease treatment. However, the inexistence of an MBCOMT 3D-structure presents a blockage in new drugs’ design and clinical studies due to its instability. The enzyme has a clear tendency to lose its biological activity in a short period of time. To avoid the enzyme sequestering into a non-native state during the downstream processing, a multi-component buffer plays a major role, with the addition of additives such as cysteine, glycerol, and trehalose showing promising results towards minimizing hMBCOMT damage and enhancing its stability. In addition, ionic liquids, due to their virtually unlimited choices for cation/anion paring, are potential protein stabilizers for the process and storage buffers. Screening experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of distinct cation/anion ILs interaction in hMBCOMT enzymatic activity. The ionic liquids: choline glutamate [Ch][Glu], choline dihydrogen phosphate ([Ch][DHP]), choline chloride ([Ch]Cl), 1- dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C12mim]Cl), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) were supplemented to hMBCOMT lysates in a concentration from 5 to 500 mM. A major potential stabilizing effect was obtained using [Ch][DHP] (10 and 50 mM). From the DoE 146% of hMBCOMT activity recovery was obtained with [Ch][DHP] optimal conditions (7.5 mM) at −80 °C during 32.4 h. These results are of crucial importance for further drug development once the enzyme can be stabilized for longer periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (Â.S.); (J.A.Q.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (Â.S.); (J.A.Q.)
| | - Augusto Q. Pedro
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Maria J. Romão
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João A. Queiroz
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (Â.S.); (J.A.Q.)
| | - Eugénia Gallardo
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (Â.S.); (J.A.Q.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBI Medical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (L.A.P.); Tel.: +351-275-329-002 (E.G. & L.A.P.)
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (Â.S.); (J.A.Q.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBI Medical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (L.A.P.); Tel.: +351-275-329-002 (E.G. & L.A.P.)
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Reddy RR, Reddy JG, Kumar BVNP. NMR investigations on binding and dynamics of imidazolium-based ionic liquids with HEWL. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23824-23836. [PMID: 33073278 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04584e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular level insights on protein-ionic liquid (P-IL) interactions are beneficial for assessing protein stability, binding and dynamics. In the present work, interactions of ILs, namely, 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate (IL1), 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate (IL2) and 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium chloride (IL3) with hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) protein were investigated using solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. To ascertain the binding and dynamics from the perspective of both protein and IL, various ligand based NMR approaches such as selective and non-selective nuclear spin-relaxation (R1SEL and R1NS), saturation transfer difference (STD), difference of inversion recovery rate with and without target irradiation (DIRECTION), 35Cl line-shape and spin-relaxation, and protein back bone amide chemical shift perturbations (CSPs) from 1H-15N HSQC were utilized. Among the ILs investigated, IL2 experiences significant interaction relative to those of IL1 and IL3, as revealed by the combined R1SEL and R1NS analysis, which is further supported by STD NMR. CSP analyses of 1H-15N HSQC spectra of aqueous P-IL mixtures enabled to identify the potential binding sites of ILs with HEWL. Whereas, 15N longitudinal (R1) and transverse (R2) spin-relaxation rates and 15N{1H} heteronuclear nuclear Overhauser effect (hetNOE) data subjected to the model free analysis for IL2 yielded the rotational correlation times and order parameters of various residues of HEWL. Furthermore, the results could discern the nature of interactions between studied ILs and HEWL in terms of specific and non-specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ravikanth Reddy
- NMR, Centre for Analysis, Testing, Evaluation & Reporting Services (CATERS), CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai - 600020, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Jithender G Reddy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India and NMR Division, Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
| | - B V N Phani Kumar
- NMR, Centre for Analysis, Testing, Evaluation & Reporting Services (CATERS), CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai - 600020, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
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Functional mononuclear molybdenum enzymes: challenges and triumphs in molecular cloning, expression, and isolation. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:547-569. [PMID: 32279136 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear molybdenum enzymes catalyze a variety of reactions that are essential in the cycling of nitrogen, carbon, arsenic, and sulfur. For decades, the structure and function of these crucial enzymes have been investigated to develop a fundamental knowledge for this vast family of enzymes and the chemistries they carry out. Therefore, obtaining abundant quantities of active enzyme is necessary for exploring this family's biochemical capability. This mini-review summarizes the methods for overexpressing mononuclear molybdenum enzymes in the context of the challenges encountered in the process. Effective methods for molybdenum cofactor synthesis and incorporation, optimization of expression conditions, improving isolation of active vs. inactive enzyme, incorporation of additional prosthetic groups, and inclusion of redox enzyme maturation protein chaperones are discussed in relation to the current molybdenum enzyme literature. This article summarizes the heterologous and homologous expression studies providing underlying patterns and potential future directions.
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Peng L, Chen DQ, Jiang GM, Ou JY, Jiang Q, Zeng LT, Xiao Y, Jiang QY, Yang L, Ning Sun. Transcriptome Analysis of Two Strains of Proteus mirabilis with Swarming Migration Deficiency Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1381-1389. [PMID: 32152756 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two rare strains of Proteus mirabilis with swarming migration deficiency were isolated from urine samples of two patients with urinary tract infections and were named as G121 and G137. Migration experiments showed that P. mirabilis HI4320 had typical migration on blood agar, while G121 and G137 had significantly weakened migration ability. Results of adhesion tests showed that the adhesion ability of G121 and G137 to the bladder epithelial cell line 5637 was significantly reduced. High-throughput sequencing and alignment analysis of the transcriptomes of the three P. mirabilis strains were conducted, with P. mirabilis HI4320 as the reference strain. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to verify differentially expressed genes. Results of transcriptome analysis and RT-qPCR showed that, compared to the HI4320 strain, genes related to flagellum and fimbria formation, dicarboxylate transport, and cystathionine and anthranilate metabolism were down-regulated in G121 and G137, while genes related to iron transport, molybdenum metabolism, and metalloprotease were up-regulated, suggesting that these genes may be involved in the migration ability and epithelial cell adhesion ability of P. mirabilis. These results provide important insight to the search for virulence genes and the screening of new antibacterial targets for P. mirabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, Guangdong, China
| | - Ding-Qiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Guan-Ming Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Yi Ou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou No. 8 People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Jiang
- Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, 510510, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Ting Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong-Yan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, Guangdong, China.
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Leimkühler S. Shared function and moonlighting proteins in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1009-1026. [PMID: 28284029 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is a highly conserved pathway in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. The molybdenum atom in Moco-containing enzymes is coordinated to the dithiolene group of a tricyclic pyranopterin monophosphate cofactor. The biosynthesis of Moco can be divided into three conserved steps, with a fourth present only in bacteria and archaea: (1) formation of cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate, (2) formation of molybdopterin (MPT), (3) insertion of molybdenum into MPT to form Mo-MPT, and (4) additional modification of Mo-MPT in bacteria with the attachment of a GMP or CMP nucleotide, forming the dinucleotide variants of Moco. While the proteins involved in the catalytic reaction of each step of Moco biosynthesis are highly conserved among the Phyla, a surprising link to other cellular pathways has been identified by recent discoveries. In particular, the pathways for FeS cluster assembly and thio-modifications of tRNA are connected to Moco biosynthesis by sharing the same protein components. Further, proteins involved in Moco biosynthesis are not only shared with other pathways, but additionally have moonlighting roles. This review gives an overview of Moco biosynthesis in bacteria and humans and highlights the shared function and moonlighting roles of the participating proteins.
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Kumar A, Bisht M, Venkatesu P. Biocompatibility of ionic liquids towards protein stability: A comprehensive overview on the current understanding and their implications. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:611-651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yokoyama K, Leimkühler S. The role of FeS clusters for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis and molybdoenzymes in bacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:1335-49. [PMID: 25268953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) has been intensively studied, in addition to its insertion into molybdoenzymes. In particular, a link between the assembly of molybdoenzymes and the biosynthesis of FeS clusters has been identified in the recent years: 1) the synthesis of the first intermediate in Moco biosynthesis requires an FeS-cluster containing protein, 2) the sulfurtransferase for the dithiolene group in Moco is also involved in the synthesis of FeS clusters, thiamin and thiolated tRNAs, 3) the addition of a sulfido-ligand to the molybdenum atom in the active site additionally involves a sulfurtransferase, and 4) most molybdoenzymes in bacteria require FeS clusters as redox active cofactors. In this review we will focus on the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor in bacteria, its modification and insertion into molybdoenzymes, with an emphasis to its link to FeS cluster biosynthesis and sulfur transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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The Biosynthesis of the Molybdenum Cofactor in Escherichia coli and Its Connection to FeS Cluster Assembly and the Thiolation of tRNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/808569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The thiolation of biomolecules is a complex process that involves the activation of sulfur. The L-cysteine desulfurase IscS is the main sulfur mobilizing protein in Escherichia coli that provides the sulfur from L-cysteine to several important biomolecules in the cell such as iron sulfur (FeS) clusters, molybdopterin (MPT), thiamine, and thionucleosides of tRNA. Various proteins mediate the transfer of sulfur from IscS to various biomolecules using different interaction partners. A direct connection between the sulfur-containing molecules FeS clusters, thiolated tRNA, and the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) has been identified. The first step of Moco biosynthesis involves the conversion of 5′GTP to cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP), a reaction catalyzed by a FeS cluster containing protein. Formed cPMP is further converted to MPT by insertion of two sulfur atoms. The sulfur for this reaction is provided by the L-cysteine desulfurase IscS in addition to the involvement of the TusA protein. TusA is also involved in the sulfur transfer for the thiolation of tRNA. This review will describe the biosynthesis of Moco in E. coli in detail and dissects the sulfur transfer pathways for Moco and tRNA and their connection to FeS cluster biosynthesis.
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