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Yaakoub H, Sanchez NS, Ongay-Larios L, Courdavault V, Calenda A, Bouchara JP, Coria R, Papon N. The high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway in fungi †. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:657-695. [PMID: 34893006 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.2011834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While fungi are widely occupying nature, many species are responsible for devastating mycosis in humans. Such niche diversity explains how quick fungal adaptation is necessary to endow the capacity of withstanding fluctuating environments and to cope with host-imposed conditions. Among all the molecular mechanisms evolved by fungi, the most studied one is the activation of the phosphorelay signalling pathways, of which the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway constitutes one of the key molecular apparatus underpinning fungal adaptation and virulence. In this review, we summarize the seminal knowledge of the HOG pathway with its more recent developments. We specifically described the HOG-mediated stress adaptation, with a particular focus on osmotic and oxidative stress, and point out some lags in our understanding of its involvement in the virulence of pathogenic species including, the medically important fungi Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, compared to the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Finally, we also highlighted some possible applications of the HOG pathway modifications to improve the fungal-based production of natural products in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Yaakoub
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, GEIHP, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Norma Silvia Sanchez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Ongay-Larios
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Roberto Coria
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, GEIHP, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
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Menon AM, Dakal TC. Genomic scanning of the promoter sequence in osmo/halo-tolerance related QTLs in Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Osmolyte accumulation regulates the SUMOylation and inclusion dynamics of the prionogenic Cyc8-Tup1 transcription corepressor. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008115. [PMID: 31009461 PMCID: PMC6497323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stressors can severely perturb cellular homeostasis and compromise viability. To cope with environmental stressors, eukaryotes have developed distinct signaling programs that allow for adaptation during different stress conditions. These programs often require a host of post-translational modifications that alter proteins to elicit appropriate cellular responses. One crucial protein modifier during stress is the small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO. In many cases, however, the functions of stress dependent protein SUMOylation remain unclear. Previously, we showed that the conserved Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cyc8-Tup1 transcriptional corepressor complex undergoes transient hyperosmotic stress-induced SUMOylation and inclusion formation, which are important for appropriate regulation of hyperosmotic-stress genes. Here, we show the osmostress-responsive MAP kinase Hog1 regulates Cyc8 SUMOylation and inclusion formation via its role in the transcriptional activation of glycerol biosynthesis genes. Mutations that ablate Cyc8 SUMOylation can partially rescue the osmosensitivity of hog1Δ cells, and this is facilitated by inappropriate derepression of glycerol-biosynthesis genes. Furthermore, cells specifically unable to synthesize the osmolyte glycerol cause transient Cyc8 SUMOylation and inclusions to persist, indicating a regulatory role for glycerol to reestablish the basal state of Cyc8 following adaptation to hyperosmotic stress. These observations unveil a novel intersection between phosphorylation and SUMOylation networks, which are critical for shifting gene expression and metabolic programs during stress adaptation. The ability to sense and react to diverse environmental cues is a central aspect in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In response to harsh conditions, cells must rapidly deploy specific stress responses in order to adapt, survive, and proliferate. To ensure optimal spatial and temporal control over stress responses, many proteins undergo biophysical and biochemical alterations. More specifically, these alterations include conformational changes and post-translational modifications–such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation–that alter the function, localization, and interactome of target proteins. In this study, we show that the Hog1 MAPK regulates SUMOylation and biomolecular condensation of the yeast transcription corepressor complex Cyc8-Tup1 during exposure to hyperosmotic stress. In turn, this signaling relationship functions to effectively rewire yeast metabolism toward the biosynthesis of the compatible osmolyte glycerol, which serves as the ultimate signal to reset this genetic circuit.
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Folz H, Niño CA, Taranum S, Caesar S, Latta L, Waharte F, Salamero J, Schlenstedt G, Dargemont C. SUMOylation of the nuclear pore complex basket is involved in sensing cellular stresses. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.224279. [PMID: 30837289 PMCID: PMC6467484 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.224279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the major conduit for nucleocytoplasmic transport and serves as a platform for gene regulation and DNA repair. Several nucleoporins undergo ubiquitylation and SUMOylation, and these modifications play an important role in nuclear pore dynamics and plasticity. Here, we perform a detailed analysis of these post-translational modifications of yeast nuclear basket proteins under normal growth conditions as well as upon cellular stresses, with a focus on SUMOylation. We find that the balance between the dynamics of SUMOylation and deSUMOylation of Nup60 and Nup2 at the NPC differs substantially, particularly in G1 and S phase. While Nup60 is the unique target of genotoxic stress within the nuclear basket that probably belongs to the SUMO-mediated DNA damage response pathway, both Nup2 and Nup60 show a dramatic increase in SUMOylation upon osmotic stress, with Nup2 SUMOylation being enhanced in Nup60 SUMO-deficient mutant yeast strains. Taken together, our data reveal that there are several levels of crosstalk between nucleoporins, and that the post-translational modifications of the NPC serve in sensing cellular stress signals. Summary: Post-translational modifications, and in particular SUMOylation, of the nuclear basket subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex serve in its function as a sensor for mediating cellular stress signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Folz
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Carlos A Niño
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Surayya Taranum
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Caesar
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Latta
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - François Waharte
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, UPMC, Space-time Imaging of Organelles and Endomembranes Dynamics & PICT-IBiSA Imaging Core Facility, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean Salamero
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, UPMC, Space-time Imaging of Organelles and Endomembranes Dynamics & PICT-IBiSA Imaging Core Facility, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Schlenstedt
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Catherine Dargemont
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital St. Louis, 75475 Paris, France
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Seong YJ, Park H, Yang J, Kim SJ, Choi W, Kim KH, Park YC. Expression of a mutated SPT15 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae enhances both cell growth and ethanol production in microaerobic batch, fed-batch, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3567-3575. [PMID: 28168313 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The SPT15 gene encodes a Saccharomyces cerevisiae TATA-binding protein, which is able to globally control the transcription levels of various metabolic and regulatory genes. In this study, a SPT15 gene mutant (S42N, S78R, S163P, and I212N) was expressed in S. cerevisiae BY4741 (BSPT15-M3), of which effects on fermentative yeast properties were evaluated in a series of culture types. By applying different nitrogen sources and air supply conditions in batch culture, organic nitrogen sources and microaerobic condition were decided to be more favorable for both cell growth and ethanol production of the BSPT15-M3 strain than the control S. cerevisiae BY4741 strain expressing the SPT15 gene (BSPT15wt). Microaerobic fed-batch cultures of BSPT15-M3 with glucose shock in the presence of high ethanol content resulted in a 9.5-13.4% higher glucose consumption rate and ethanol productivity than those for the BSPT15wt strain. In addition, BSPT15-M3 showed 4.5 and 3.9% increases in ethanol productivity from cassava hydrolysates and corn starch in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes, respectively. It was concluded that overexpression of the mutated SPT15 gene would be a potent strategy to develop robust S. cerevisiae strains with enhanced cell growth and ethanol production abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Je Seong
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, and BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, 136-702, South Korea
| | - Haeseong Park
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, and BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, 136-702, South Korea
| | - Jungwoo Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Kim
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Wonja Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, South Korea
| | - Yong-Cheol Park
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, and BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, 136-702, South Korea.
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Gujjula R, Veeraiah S, Kumar K, Thakur SS, Mishra K, Kaur R. Identification of Components of the SUMOylation Machinery in Candida glabrata: ROLE OF THE DESUMOYLATION PEPTIDASE CgUlp2 IN VIRULENCE. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19573-89. [PMID: 27382059 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.706044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of protein function by reversible post-translational modification, SUMOylation, is widely conserved in the eukaryotic kingdom. SUMOylation is essential for cell growth, division, and adaptation to stress in most organisms, including fungi. As these are key factors in determination of fungal virulence, in this study, we have investigated the importance of SUMOylation in the human pathogen, Candida glabrata We identified the enzymes involved in small ubiquitin-like modifier conjugation and show that there is strong conservation between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and C. glabrata We demonstrate that SUMOylation is an essential process and that adaptation to stress involves changes in global SUMOylation in C. glabrata Importantly, loss of the deSUMOylating enzyme CgUlp2 leads to highly reduced small ubiquitin-like modifier protein levels, and impaired growth, sensitivity to multiple stress conditions, reduced adherence to epithelial cells, and poor colonization of specific tissues in mice. Our study thus demonstrates a key role for protein SUMOylation in the life cycle and pathobiology of C. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gujjula
- From the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Building 7, Gruhakalpa, 5-4-399/B, Nampally, Hyderabad 500001
| | - Sangeetha Veeraiah
- the Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046
| | - Kundan Kumar
- From the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Building 7, Gruhakalpa, 5-4-399/B, Nampally, Hyderabad 500001, the Graduate Studies Program, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, and
| | - Suman S Thakur
- the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Krishnaveni Mishra
- the Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046,
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- From the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Building 7, Gruhakalpa, 5-4-399/B, Nampally, Hyderabad 500001,
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Oeser ML, Amen T, Nadel CM, Bradley AI, Reed BJ, Jones RD, Gopalan J, Kaganovich D, Gardner RG. Dynamic Sumoylation of a Conserved Transcription Corepressor Prevents Persistent Inclusion Formation during Hyperosmotic Stress. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005809. [PMID: 26800527 PMCID: PMC4723248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are often exposed to physical or chemical stresses that can damage the structures of essential biomolecules. Stress-induced cellular damage can become deleterious if not managed appropriately. Rapid and adaptive responses to stresses are therefore crucial for cell survival. In eukaryotic cells, different stresses trigger post-translational modification of proteins with the small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO. However, the specific regulatory roles of sumoylation in each stress response are not well understood. Here, we examined the sumoylation events that occur in budding yeast after exposure to hyperosmotic stress. We discovered by proteomic and biochemical analyses that hyperosmotic stress incurs the rapid and transient sumoylation of Cyc8 and Tup1, which together form a conserved transcription corepressor complex that regulates hundreds of genes. Gene expression and cell biological analyses revealed that sumoylation of each protein directs distinct outcomes. In particular, we discovered that Cyc8 sumoylation prevents the persistence of hyperosmotic stress-induced Cyc8-Tup1 inclusions, which involves a glutamine-rich prion domain in Cyc8. We propose that sumoylation protects against persistent inclusion formation during hyperosmotic stress, allowing optimal transcriptional function of the Cyc8-Tup1 complex. Cells have evolved complex stress responses to cope with environmental challenges that could otherwise inflict severe damage on the molecules essential for life. Stress responses must ameliorate the immediate damage caused by stress exposure and also adjust metabolic capacity, gene expression output, and other cellular functions to protect against further damage that could be incurred by prolonged exposure to stress. Posttranslational protein modifications are a major means by which cells respond to changing environmental conditions. These modifications can alter the function, localization, and molecular interactions of their target proteins. In addition, evidence is emerging that some posttranslational modifications may also change the physical characteristics of target proteins. In this study, we present evidence that during hyperosmotic stress, a condition known to induce protein misfolding, cells rapidly but transiently use the small ubiquitin-modifier SUMO to protect against persistent inclusion formation of a conserved transcriptional repressor complex. We propose that this rapid protective action via posttranslational modification enables optimal gene regulation during the cellular response to hyperosmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Oeser
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Triana Amen
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Cory M. Nadel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Amanda I. Bradley
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Reed
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ramon D. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Janani Gopalan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel Kaganovich
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Richard G. Gardner
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sugar and Glycerol Transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 892:125-168. [PMID: 26721273 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25304-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the process of transport of sugar substrates into the cell comprises a complex network of transporters and interacting regulatory mechanisms. Members of the large family of hexose (HXT) transporters display uptake efficiencies consistent with their environmental expression and play physiological roles in addition to feeding the glycolytic pathway. Multiple glucose-inducing and glucose-independent mechanisms serve to regulate expression of the sugar transporters in yeast assuring that expression levels and transporter activity are coordinated with cellular metabolism and energy needs. The expression of sugar transport activity is modulated by other nutritional and environmental factors that may override glucose-generated signals. Transporter expression and activity is regulated transcriptionally, post-transcriptionally and post-translationally. Recent studies have expanded upon this suite of regulatory mechanisms to include transcriptional expression fine tuning mediated by antisense RNA and prion-based regulation of transcription. Much remains to be learned about cell biology from the continued analysis of this dynamic process of substrate acquisition.
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