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Lozano D, Gortazar AR, Portal-Núñez S. Osteostatin, a peptide for the future treatment of musculoskeletal diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116177. [PMID: 38552853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases represents a major challenge in the developed world. Diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and arthritis have a high incidence and prevalence as a consequence of population aging, and they are also associated with a socioeconomic burden. Many efforts have been made to find a treatment for these diseases with various levels of success, but new approaches are still needed to deal with these pathologies. In this context, one peptide derived for the C-terminal extreme of the Parathormone related Peptide (PTHrP) called Osteostatin can be useful to treat musculoskeletal diseases. This pentapeptide (TRSAW) has demonstrated both in different in vitro and in vivo models, its role as a molecule with anti-resorptive, anabolic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-antioxidant properties. Our aim with this work is to review the Osteostatin main features, the knowledge of its mechanisms of action as well as its possible use for the treatment of osteoporosis, bone regeneration and fractures and against arthritis given its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lozano
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arancha R Gortazar
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Ósea, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Aplicada de la Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe s/n, 28925 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Portal-Núñez
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Ósea, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Aplicada de la Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe s/n, 28925 Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Osteostatin Inhibits M-CSF+RANKL-Induced Human Osteoclast Differentiation by Modulating NFATc1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158551. [PMID: 35955685 PMCID: PMC9369336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) C-terminal peptides regulate the metabolism of bone cells. PHTrP [107–111] (osteostatin) promotes bone repair in animal models of bone defects and prevents bone erosion in inflammatory arthritis. In addition to its positive effects on osteoblasts, osteostatin may inhibit bone resorption. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of osteostatin on human osteoclast differentiation and function. We used macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) to induce the osteoclast differentiation of adherent human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed for the detection of the osteoclasts. The function of mature osteoclasts was assessed with a pit resorption assay. Gene expression was evaluated with qRT-PCR, and nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) nuclear translocation was studied by immunofluorescence. We observed that osteostatin (100, 250 and 500 nM) decreased the differentiation of osteoclasts in a concentration-dependent manner, but it did not modify the resorptive ability of mature osteoclasts. In addition, osteostatin decreased the mRNA levels of cathepsin K, osteoclast associated Ig-like receptor (OSCAR) and NFATc1. The nuclear translocation of the master transcription factor in osteoclast differentiation NFATc1 was reduced by osteostatin. Our results suggest that the anti-resorptive effects of osteostatin may be dependent on the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. This study has shown that osteostatin controls human osteoclast differentiation in vitro through the downregulation of NFATc1.
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3
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Mora‐Raimundo P, Lozano D, Benito M, Mulero F, Manzano M, Vallet‐Regí M. Osteoporosis Remission and New Bone Formation with Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101107. [PMID: 34096198 PMCID: PMC8373152 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology changed the concept of treatment for a variety of diseases, producing a huge impact regarding drug and gene delivery. Among the different targeted diseases, osteoporosis has devastating clinical and economic consequences. Since current osteoporosis treatments present several side effects, new treatment approaches are needed. Recently, the application of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has become a promising alternative. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway controls bone development and formation. This pathway is negatively regulated by sclerostin, which knock-down through siRNA application would potentially promote bone formation. However, the major bottleneck for siRNA-based treatments is the necessity of a delivery vector, bringing nanotechnology as a potential solution. Among the available nanocarriers, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted great attention for intracellular delivery of siRNAs. The mesoporous structure of MSNs permits the delivery of siRNAs together with another biomolecule, achieving a combination therapy. Here, the effectiveness of a new potential osteoporosis treatment based on MSNs is evaluated. The proposed system is effective in delivering SOST siRNA and osteostatin through systemic injection to bone tissue. The nanoparticle administration produced an increase expression of osteogenic related genes improving the bone microarchitecture. The treated osteoporotic mice recovered values of a healthy situation approaching to osteoporosis remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mora‐Raimundo
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversidad Complutense de MadridInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i + 12Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/nMadridE‐28040Spain
- Networking Research Center on BioengineeringBiomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)MadridE‐28034Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversidad Complutense de MadridInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i + 12Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/nMadridE‐28040Spain
- Networking Research Center on BioengineeringBiomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)MadridE‐28034Spain
| | - Manuel Benito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of PharmacyUniversidad Complutense de MadridPlaza de Ramón y Cajal s/nMadridE‐28040Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid28040Spain
| | - Francisca Mulero
- Molecular Imaging UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)MadridE‐28029Spain
| | - Miguel Manzano
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversidad Complutense de MadridInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i + 12Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/nMadridE‐28040Spain
- Networking Research Center on BioengineeringBiomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)MadridE‐28034Spain
| | - María Vallet‐Regí
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversidad Complutense de MadridInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i + 12Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/nMadridE‐28040Spain
- Networking Research Center on BioengineeringBiomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)MadridE‐28034Spain
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4
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Emam H, Leach D, Sun Z, Tee BC, Karatas B, Kim DG, Jatana C. The Effect of Parathyroid Hormone Analogues When Added to Mineralized Bone Xenografts. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2020; 46:372-379. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Implants can be a treatment option when there is sufficient quantity and quality of bone to provide support for long-term success. In the reconstruction of defects, autogenous bone remains the gold standard for its osteogenic and compatibility properties. However, the disadvantage of secondary surgery and the associated donor site morbidity prompts researchers to develop the ideal bone substitute for optimum bone reconstruction. Parathyroid hormone (PTH1-34) has provided a new option for improvement in bone regeneration. This study used a pig model to evaluate the effectiveness of parathyroid hormone when added to a xenograft, Bio-Oss, in reconstructing mandible defects. Six domestic pigs were used to create 3 posterior mandibular defects measuring 2 × 1-cm bilaterally with a total of 36 defects to simulate tooth extraction sites in humans. The defects were grafted in random order and divided into 3 groups as follows: control (no graft), Bio-Oss without PTH, and Bio-Oss with PTH. Defects were assessed with cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT), micro computerized tomography (microCT), nanoindentation, and histology. Results showed that adding PTH1-34 significantly enhanced the graft construct. CBCT showed a significant increase in the degree of bone mineralization. Nanoindentation showed increased hardness of regenerated bone and accelerated bone mineralization with PTH. MicroCT analysis revealed a trend toward higher bone regeneration and mineralization. The histological analysis showed a positive trend of the increase in cortical bone thickness and mineral apposition rate. In conclusion, the local addition of PTH1-34 to a xenograft has shown promising results to enhance bone regeneration in the reconstruction of mandibular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Emam
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daniel Leach
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zongyang Sun
- Division of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Boon Ching Tee
- Division of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Berfin Karatas
- Division of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Do-Gyoon Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Courtney Jatana
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
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5
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Toosi S, Behravan N, Behravan J. Nonunion fractures, mesenchymal stem cells and bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2552-2562. [PMID: 29689623 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the duration of healing process, 5-10% of bone fractures may result in either nonunion or delayed union. Because nonunions remain a clinically important problem, there is interest in the utilization of tissue engineering strategies to augment bone fracture repair. Three basic biologic elements that are required for bone regeneration include cells, extracellular matrix scaffolds and biological adjuvants for growth, differentiation and angiogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable to differentiate into various types of the cells including chondrocytes, myoblasts, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. Due to their potential for multilineage differentiation, MSCs are considered important contributors in bone tissue engineering research. In this review we highlight the progress in the application of biomaterials, stem cells and tissue engineering in promoting nonunion bone fracture healing. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A:2551-2561, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Toosi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nima Behravan
- Exceptionally Talented Students Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Behravan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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6
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Rodríguez-de la Rosa L, Lassaletta L, Calvino M, Murillo-Cuesta S, Varela-Nieto I. The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in the Progression of Age-Related Hearing Loss. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:411. [PMID: 29311900 PMCID: PMC5733003 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with impairment of sensorial functions and with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. As pari passu circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) bioavailability progressively decreases, we see a direct correlation with sensory impairment and cognitive performance in older humans. Age-related sensory loss is typically caused by the irreversible death of highly differentiated neurons and sensory receptor cells. Among sensory deficits, age-related hearing loss (ARHL), also named presbycusis, affects one third of the population over 65 years of age and is a major factor in the progression of cognitive problems in the elderly. The genetic and molecular bases of ARHL are largely unknown and only a few genes related to susceptibility to oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and cell death have been identified. IGF-1 is known to be a neuroprotective agent that maintains cellular metabolism, activates growth, proliferation and differentiation, and limits cell death. Inborn IGF-1 deficiency leads to profound sensorineural hearing loss both in humans and mice. IGF-1 haploinsufficiency has also been shown to correlate with ARHL. There is not much information available on the effect of IGF-1 deficiency on other human sensory systems, but experimental models show a long-term impact on the retina. A secondary action of IGF-1 is the control of oxidative stress and inflammation, thus helping to resolve damage situations, acute or made chronic by aging. Here we will review the primary actions of IGF-1 in the auditory system and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Rodríguez-de la Rosa
- “Alberto Sols” Biomedical Research Institute CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Lassaletta
- “Alberto Sols” Biomedical Research Institute CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miryam Calvino
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Murillo-Cuesta
- “Alberto Sols” Biomedical Research Institute CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- “Alberto Sols” Biomedical Research Institute CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
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7
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Maycas M, McAndrews KA, Sato AY, Pellegrini GG, Brown DM, Allen MR, Plotkin LI, Gortazar AR, Esbrit P, Bellido T. PTHrP-Derived Peptides Restore Bone Mass and Strength in Diabetic Mice: Additive Effect of Mechanical Loading. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:486-497. [PMID: 27683064 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There is an unmet need to understand the mechanisms underlying skeletal deterioration in diabetes mellitus (DM) and to develop therapeutic approaches to treat bone fragility in diabetic patients. We demonstrate herein that mice with type 1 DM induced by streptozotocin exhibited low bone mass, inferior mechanical and material properties, increased bone resorption, decreased bone formation, increased apoptosis of osteocytes, and increased expression of the osteocyte-derived bone formation inhibitor Sost/sclerostin. Further, short treatment of diabetic mice with parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP)-derived peptides corrected these changes to levels undistinguishable from non-diabetic mice. In addition, diabetic mice exhibited reduced bone formation in response to mechanical stimulation, which was corrected by treatment with the PTHrP peptides, and higher prevalence of apoptotic osteocytes, which was reduced by loading or by the PTHrP peptides alone and reversed by a combination of loading and PTHrP peptide treatment. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the PTHrP peptides or mechanical stimulation by fluid flow activated the survival kinases ERKs and induced nuclear translocation of the canonical Wnt signaling mediator β-catenin, and prevented the increase in osteocytic cell apoptosis induced by high glucose. Thus, PTHrP-derived peptides cross-talk with mechanical signaling pathways to reverse skeletal deterioration induced by DM in mice. These findings suggest a crucial role of osteocytes in the harmful effects of diabetes on bone and raise the possibility of targeting these cells as a novel approach to treat skeletal deterioration in diabetes. Moreover, our study suggests the potential therapeutic efficacy of combined pharmacological and mechanical stimuli to promote bone accrual and maintenance in diabetic subjects. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maycas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin A McAndrews
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amy Y Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gretel G Pellegrini
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Drew M Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arancha R Gortazar
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada-Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Esbrit
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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8
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Pelosi P, Lapi E, Cavalli L, Verrotti A, Pantaleo M, de Martino M, Stagi S. Bone Status in a Patient with Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Deletion Syndrome: Bone Quality and Structure Evaluation Using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography, and Quantitative Ultrasonography. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:227. [PMID: 28936199 PMCID: PMC5595156 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 receptor (IGF1R) gene is a rare, probably under-diagnosed, cause of short stature. However, the effects of IGF1R haploinsufficiency on glucose metabolism, bone status, and metabolism have rarely been investigated. We report the case of a patient referred to our center at the age of 18 months for short stature, failure to thrive, and Silver-Russell-like phenotype. Genetic analysis did not show hypomethylation of the 11p15.5 region or uniparental disomy of chromosome 7. Growth hormone (GH) stimulation tests revealed GH deficiency, whereas IGF-1 was 248 ng/mL. r-hGH treatment showed only a slight improvement (from -4.4 to -3.5 SDS). At 10 years of age, the child was re-evaluated: CGH-array identified a heterozygous de novo 4.92 Mb deletion in 15q26.2, including the IGF1R gene. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry showed a normal bone mineral density z-score, while peripheral quantitative computed tomography revealed reduced cortical and increased trabecular elements. A phalangeal bone quantitative ultrasonography showed significantly reduced amplitude-dependent speed of sound and bone transmission time values. The changes in bone architecture, quality, and metabolism in heterozygous IGF1R deletion patients, support the hypothesis that IGF-1 can be a key factor in bone modeling and accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pelosi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lapi
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Loredana Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurorehabilitation Section, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Paediatrics, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Marilena Pantaleo
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizio de Martino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Stagi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefano Stagi,
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9
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Martínez-Vega R, Murillo-Cuesta S, Partearroyo T, Varela-Moreiras G, Varela-Nieto I, Pajares MA. Long-Term Dietary Folate Deficiency Accelerates Progressive Hearing Loss on CBA/Ca Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:209. [PMID: 27630560 PMCID: PMC5006747 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary folic acid deficiency induced early hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice after 2-months, corroborates the epidemiological association previously described between vitamin deficiency and this sensory impairment. However, this strain is prone to early hearing loss, and hence we decided to analyze whether the effects exerted by folate deprivation follow the same pattern in a mouse strain such as CBA/Ca, which is resistant to hearing impairment. Here, we show results of a long-term study on hearing carried out on CBA/Ca mice subjected to dietary folate deprivation. Systemic changes included decreased serum folate levels, hyperhomocysteinemia and signs of anemia in the group fed with folate-deficient (FD) diet. Initial signs of hearing loss were detected in this strain after 8-months of vitamin deficiency, and correlated with histological damage in the cochleae. In conclusion, the data presented reinforce the importance of adequate folic acid levels for the auditory system and suggest that the impact of dietary deficiencies may depend on the genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Murillo-Cuesta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM)Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ)Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Partearroyo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM)Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ)Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Pajares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM)Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ)Madrid, Spain
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10
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Ardura JA, Portal-Núñez S, Lozano D, Gutiérrez-Rojas I, Sánchez-Salcedo S, López-Herradón A, Mulero F, Villanueva-Peñacarrillo ML, Vallet-Regí M, Esbrit P. Local delivery of parathyroid hormone-related protein-derived peptides coated onto a hydroxyapatite-based implant enhances bone regeneration in old and diabetic rats. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2060-70. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Ardura
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz and UAM; Madrid Spain
- RETICEF-Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Sergio Portal-Núñez
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz and UAM; Madrid Spain
- RETICEF-Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz and UAM; Madrid Spain
- RETICEF-Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica; Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Madrid Spain
| | - Irene Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Madrid Spain
| | - Sandra Sánchez-Salcedo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica; Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Madrid Spain
| | - Ana López-Herradón
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz and UAM; Madrid Spain
| | - Francisca Mulero
- Unidad de Imagen Molecular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO); Madrid Spain
| | - María L. Villanueva-Peñacarrillo
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Madrid Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica; Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Madrid Spain
| | - Pedro Esbrit
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz and UAM; Madrid Spain
- RETICEF-Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
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Esbrit P, Herrera S, Portal-Núñez S, Nogués X, Díez-Pérez A. Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein Analogs as Osteoporosis Therapies. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 98:359-69. [PMID: 26259869 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The only bone anabolic agent currently available for osteoporosis treatment is parathyroid hormone (PTH)-either its N-terminal 1-34 fragment or the whole molecule of 1-84 aminoacids-whose intermittent administration stimulates new bone formation by targeting osteoblastogenesis and osteoblast survival. PTH-related protein (PTHrP) is an abundant factor in bone which shows N-terminal homology with PTH and thus exhibits high affinity for the same PTH type 1 receptor in osteoblasts. Therefore, it is not surprising that intermittently administered N-terminal PTHrP peptides induce bone anabolism in animals and humans. Furthermore, the C-terminal region of PTHrP also elicits osteogenic features in vitro in osteoblastic cells and in various animal models of osteoporosis. In this review, we discuss the current concepts about the cellular and molecular mechanisms whereby PTHrP may induce anabolic actions in bone. Pre-clinical studies and clinical data using N-terminal PTHrP analogs are also summarized, pointing to PTHrP as a promising alternative to current bone anabolic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Esbrit
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sabina Herrera
- Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Portal-Núñez
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Nogués
- Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Díez-Pérez
- Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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McClung MR. Emerging Therapies for Osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2015; 30:429-35. [PMID: 26354487 PMCID: PMC4722395 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2015.30.4.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several effective therapies are available for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and older men, there remains a need for the development of even more effective and acceptable drugs. Several new drugs that are in late-stage clinical development will be discussed. Abaloparatide (recombinant parathyroid hormone related peptide [PTHrP] analogue) has anabolic activity like teriparatide. Recent data from the phase 3 fracture prevention trial demonstrate that this agent is effective in reducing fracture risk. Inhibiting cathepsin K reduces bone resorption without decreasing the numbers or activity of osteoclasts, thereby preserving or promoting osteoblast function. Progressive increases in bone mineral density (BMD) have been observed over 5 years. Early data suggest that odanacatib effectively reduces fracture risk. Lastly, inhibiting sclerostin with humanized antibodies promotes rapid, substantial but transient increases in bone formation while inhibiting bone resorption. Marked increases in BMD have been observed in phase 2 studies. Fracture prevention studies are underway. The new therapies with novel and unique mechanisms of action may, alone or in combination, provide more effective treatment options for our patients.
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13
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Rodríguez-de la Rosa L, Sánchez-Calderón H, Contreras J, Murillo-Cuesta S, Falagan S, Avendaño C, Dopazo J, Varela-Nieto I, Milo M. Comparative gene expression study of the vestibular organ of the Igf1 deficient mouse using whole-transcript arrays. Hear Res 2015; 330:62-77. [PMID: 26341476 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The auditory and vestibular organs form the inner ear and have a common developmental origin. Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has a central role in the development of the cochlea and maintenance of hearing. Its deficiency causes sensorineural hearing loss in man and mice. During chicken early development, IGF-1 modulates neurogenesis of the cochleovestibular ganglion but no further studies have been conducted to explore the potential role of IGF-1 in the vestibular system. In this study we have compared the whole transcriptome of the vestibular organ from wild type and Igf1(-/-) mice at different developmental and postnatal times. RNA was prepared from E18.5, P15 and P90 vestibular organs of Igf1(-/-) and Igf1(+/+) mice and the transcriptome analysed in triplicates using Affymetrix(®) Mouse Gene 1.1 ST Array Plates. These plates are whole-transcript arrays that include probes to measure both messenger (mRNA) and long intergenic non-coding RNA transcripts (lincRNA), with a coverage of over 28 thousand coding transcripts and over 7 thousands non-coding transcripts. Given the complexity of the data we used two different methods VSN-RMA and mmBGX to analyse and compare the data. This is to better evaluate the number of false positives and to quantify uncertainty of low signals. We identified a number of differentially expressed genes that we described using functional analysis and validated using RT-qPCR. The morphology of the vestibular organ did not show differences between genotypes and no evident alterations were observed in the vestibular sensory areas of the null mice. However, well-defined cellular alterations were found in the vestibular neurons with respect their number and size. Although these mice did not show a dramatic vestibular phenotype, we conducted a functional analysis on differentially expressed genes between genotypes and across time. This was with the aim to identify new pathways that are involved in the development of the vestibular organ as well as pathways that maybe affected by the lack of IGF-1 and be associated to the morphological changes of the vestibular neurons that we observed in the Igf1(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Rodríguez-de la Rosa
- Neurobiology of Hearing, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hortensia Sánchez-Calderón
- Neurobiology of Hearing, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Contreras
- Neurobiology of Hearing, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Murillo-Cuesta
- Neurobiology of Hearing, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Falagan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Avendaño
- IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Computational Genomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Neurobiology of Hearing, Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Milo
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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14
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Martínez-Vega R, Partearroyo T, Vallecillo N, Varela-Moreiras G, Pajares MA, Varela-Nieto I. Long-term omega-3 fatty acid supplementation prevents expression changes in cochlear homocysteine metabolism and ameliorates progressive hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1424-33. [PMID: 26321228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients well known for their beneficial effects, among others on cognitive development and maintenance, inflammation and oxidative stress. Previous studies have shown an inverse association between high plasma levels of PUFAs and age-related hearing loss, and the relationship between low serum folate and elevated plasma homocysteine levels and hearing loss. Therefore, we used C57BL/6J mice and long-term omega-3 supplementation to evaluate the impact on hearing by analyzing their auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) thresholds. The omega-3 group showed significantly lower ABR hearing thresholds (~25 dB sound pressure level) and higher DPOAE amplitudes in mid-high frequencies when compared to the control group. These changes did not correlate with alterations between groups in plasma homocysteine or serum folate levels as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and a microbiological method, respectively. Aging in the control group was associated with imbalanced cytokine expression toward increased proinflammatory cytokines as determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; these changes were prevented by omega-3 supplementation. Genes involved in homocysteine metabolism showed decreased expression during aging of control animals, and only alterations in Bhmt and Cbs were significantly prevented by omega-3 feeding. Western blotting showed that omega-3 supplementation precluded the CBS protein increase detected in 10-month-old controls but also produced an increase in BHMT protein levels. Altogether, the results obtained suggest a long-term protective role of omega-3 supplementation on cochlear metabolism and progression of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martínez-Vega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain,; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Partearroyo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Néstor Vallecillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Pajares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain,; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain,; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
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15
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de Iriarte Rodríguez R, Pulido S, Rodríguez-de la Rosa L, Magariños M, Varela-Nieto I. Age-regulated function of autophagy in the mouse inner ear. Hear Res 2015; 330:39-50. [PMID: 26235979 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process essential for embryonic development and adult homeostasis. The autophagic machinery supplies energy by recycling intracellular components and facilitates the removal of apoptotic cells. In the inner ear, autophagy has been reported to play roles during early development in the chicken embryo and in the response to otic injury in the adult mouse. However, there are no studies on the expression of the autophagy machinery in the postnatal and adult inner ear. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is one of the factors that regulate both otic development and cochlear postnatal maturation and function. Here, we hypothesised that autophagy could be one of the processes involved in the cochlear development and functional maturation. We report that autophagy-related genes (ATG) Becn1, Atg4g and Atg5 are expressed in the mouse cochlea, vestibular system and brainstem cochlear nuclei from late developmental stages to adulthood. Atg9 was studied in the mouse cochlea and showed a similar pattern. The presence of autophagic flux was confirmed by decreased sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) and increased relative levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II). Inner ear autophagy flux is developmentally regulated and is lower at perinatal stages than in the adult mouse, where an expression plateau is reached at the age of two-months, coinciding with the age at which full functional activity is reached. Expression is maintained in adult mice and declines after the age of twelve months. LC3B labelling showed that autophagy was primarily associated with spiral ganglion neurons. Over time, Igf1 wild type mice showed lower expression of genes coding for IGF-1 high affinity receptor and the family factor IGF-2 than null mice. Parallel analysis of autophagy machinery gene expression showed no significant differences between the genotypes over the lifespan of the null mice. Taken together, these results show that the autophagy machinery expression in the inner ear is regulated with age but is not compromised by the chronic absence of IGF-1. Our data also strongly support that the up-regulation of autophagy machinery genes is concomitant with the functional maturation of the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío de Iriarte Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; CIBERER, Unit 761, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Pulido
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodríguez-de la Rosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; CIBERER, Unit 761, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Magariños
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; CIBERER, Unit 761, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; CIBERER, Unit 761, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
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16
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de Iriarte Rodríguez R, Magariños M, Pfeiffer V, Rapp UR, Varela-Nieto I. C-Raf deficiency leads to hearing loss and increased noise susceptibility. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3983-98. [PMID: 25975225 PMCID: PMC4575698 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The family of RAF kinases transduces extracellular information to the nucleus, and their activation is crucial for cellular regulation on many levels, ranging from embryonic development to carcinogenesis. B-RAF and C-RAF modulate neurogenesis and neuritogenesis during chicken inner ear development. C-RAF deficiency in humans is associated with deafness in the rare genetic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Noonan and Leopard syndromes. In this study, we show that RAF kinases are expressed in the developing inner ear and in adult mouse cochlea. A homozygous C-Raf deletion in mice caused profound deafness with no evident cellular aberrations except for a remarkable reduction of the K+ channel Kir4.1 expression, a trait that suffices as a cause of deafness. To explore the role of C-Raf in cellular protection and repair, heterozygous C-Raf+/− mice were exposed to noise. A reduced C-RAF level negatively affected hearing preservation in response to noise through mechanisms involving the activation of JNK and an exacerbated apoptotic response. Taken together, these results strongly support a role for C-RAF in hearing protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío de Iriarte Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Magariños
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Centre for Biomedical Network Research (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Verena Pfeiffer
- Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ), University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Koellikerstraße 6, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulf R Rapp
- Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ), University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.,Molecular Mechanisms of Lung Cancer, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstr. 1, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Murillo-Cuesta S, Rodríguez-de la Rosa L, Contreras J, Celaya AM, Camarero G, Rivera T, Varela-Nieto I. Transforming growth factor β1 inhibition protects from noise-induced hearing loss. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:32. [PMID: 25852546 PMCID: PMC4367183 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive exposure to noise damages the principal cochlear structures leading to hearing impairment. Inflammatory and immune responses are central mechanisms in cochlear defensive response to noise but, if unregulated, they contribute to inner ear damage and hearing loss. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a key regulator of both responses and high levels of this factor have been associated with cochlear injury in hearing loss animal models. To evaluate the potential of targeting TGF-β as a therapeutic strategy for preventing or ameliorating noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), we studied the auditory function, cochlear morphology, gene expression and oxidative stress markers in mice exposed to noise and treated with TGF-β1 peptidic inhibitors P17 and P144, just before or immediately after noise insult. Our results indicate that systemic administration of both peptides significantly improved both the evolution of hearing thresholds and the degenerative changes induced by noise-exposure in lateral wall structures. Moreover, treatments ameliorated the inflammatory state and redox balance. These therapeutic effects were dose-dependent and more effective if the TGF-β1 inhibitors were administered prior to inducing the injury. In conclusion, inhibition of TGF-β1 actions with antagonistic peptides represents a new, promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and repair of noise-induced cochlear damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Murillo-Cuesta
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM) Madrid, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research (CIBER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid, Spain ; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodríguez-de la Rosa
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM) Madrid, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research (CIBER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid, Spain ; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Contreras
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM) Madrid, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research (CIBER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid, Spain ; Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Adelaida M Celaya
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM) Madrid, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research (CIBER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Camarero
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM) Madrid, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research (CIBER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid, Spain ; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Rivera
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM) Madrid, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research (CIBER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid, Spain ; Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM) Madrid, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Network Research (CIBER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid, Spain ; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) Madrid, Spain
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18
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Martínez-Vega R, Garrido F, Partearroyo T, Cediel R, Zeisel SH, Martínez-Álvarez C, Varela-Moreiras G, Varela-Nieto I, Pajares MA. Folic acid deficiency induces premature hearing loss through mechanisms involving cochlear oxidative stress and impairment of homocysteine metabolism. FASEB J 2014; 29:418-32. [PMID: 25384423 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-259283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional imbalance is emerging as a causative factor of hearing loss. Epidemiologic studies have linked hearing loss to elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and folate deficiency, and have shown that folate supplementation lowers tHcy levels potentially ameliorating age-related hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to address the impact of folate deficiency on hearing loss and to examine the underlying mechanisms. For this purpose, 2-mo-old C57BL/6J mice (Animalia Chordata Mus musculus) were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 65 each) that were fed folate-deficient (FD) or standard diets for 8 wk. HPLC analysis demonstrated a 7-fold decline in serum folate and a 3-fold increase in tHcy levels. FD mice exhibited severe hearing loss measured by auditory brainstem recordings and TUNEL-positive-apoptotic cochlear cells. RT-quantitative PCR and Western blotting showed reduced levels of enzymes catalyzing homocysteine (Hcy) production and recycling, together with a 30% increase in protein homocysteinylation. Redox stress was demonstrated by decreased expression of catalase, glutathione peroxidase 4, and glutathione synthetase genes, increased levels of manganese superoxide dismutase, and NADPH oxidase-complex adaptor cytochrome b-245, α-polypeptide (p22phox) proteins, and elevated concentrations of glutathione species. Altogether, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that the relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia induced by folate deficiency and premature hearing loss involves impairment of cochlear Hcy metabolism and associated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martínez-Vega
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Garrido
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Partearroyo
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Cediel
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Martínez-Álvarez
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Pajares
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Fuentes-Santamaría V, Alvarado JC, Rodríguez-de la Rosa L, Murillo-Cuesta S, Contreras J, Juiz JM, Varela-Nieto I. IGF-1 deficiency causes atrophic changes associated with upregulation of VGluT1 and downregulation of MEF2 transcription factors in the mouse cochlear nuclei. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 221:709-34. [PMID: 25378055 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a neurotrophic protein that plays a crucial role in modulating neuronal function and synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. Mice lacking the Igf1 gene exhibit profound deafness and multiple anomalies in the inner ear and spiral ganglion. An issue that remains unknown is whether, in addition to these peripheral abnormalities, IGF-1 deficiency also results in structural changes along the central auditory pathway that may contribute to an imbalance between excitation and inhibition, which might be reflected in abnormal auditory brainstem responses (ABR). To assess such a possibility, we evaluated the morphological and physiological alterations in the cochlear nucleus complex of the adult mouse. The expression and distribution of the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1) and the vesicular inhibitory transporter (VGAT), which were used as specific markers for labeling excitatory and inhibitory terminals, and the involvement of the activity-dependent myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors in regulating excitatory synapses were assessed in a 4-month-old mouse model of IGF-1 deficiency and neurosensorial deafness (Igf1 (-/-) homozygous null mice). The results demonstrate decreases in the cochlear nucleus area and cell size along with cell loss in the cochlear nuclei of the deficient mouse. Additionally, our results demonstrate that there is upregulation of VGluT1, but not VGAT, immunostaining and downregulation of MEF2 transcription factors together with increased wave II amplitude in the ABR recording. Our observations provide evidence of an abnormal neuronal cytoarchitecture in the cochlear nuclei of Igf1 (-/-) null mice and suggest that the increased efficacy of glutamatergic synapses might be mediated by MEF2 transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fuentes-Santamaría
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Albacete, Spain.
| | - J C Alvarado
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Albacete, Spain
| | - L Rodríguez-de la Rosa
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de Albacete. C/Almansa, 14, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - S Murillo-Cuesta
- Grupo de Neurobiología de la Audición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiPAZ Instituto de Investigación en Salud, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Contreras
- Grupo de Neurobiología de la Audición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiPAZ Instituto de Investigación en Salud, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Juiz
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Albacete, Spain
| | - I Varela-Nieto
- Grupo de Neurobiología de la Audición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiPAZ Instituto de Investigación en Salud, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Lozano D, Sánchez-Salcedo S, Portal-Núñez S, Vila M, López-Herradón A, Ardura JA, Mulero F, Gómez-Barrena E, Vallet-Regí M, Esbrit P. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (107-111) improves the bone regeneration potential of gelatin-glutaraldehyde biopolymer-coated hydroxyapatite. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3307-16. [PMID: 24704694 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymer-coated nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) made as macroporous foams which are degradable and flexible are promising candidates as orthopaedic implants. The C-terminal (107-111) epitope of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) exhibits osteogenic properties. The main aim of this study was to evaluate whether PTHrP (107-111) loading into gelatin-glutaraldehyde biopolymer-coated HA (HAGlu) scaffolds would produce an optimal biomaterial for tissue engineering applications. HAGlu scaffolds with and without PTHrP (107-111) were implanted into a cavitary defect performed in both distal tibial metaphysis of adult rats. Animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks for histological, microcomputerized tomography and gene expression analysis of the callus. At this time, bone healing occurred only in the presence of PTHrP (107-111)-containing HAGlu implant, related to an increase in bone volume/tissue volume and trabecular thickness, cortical thickness and gene expression of osteocalcin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, but a decreased gene expression of Wnt inhibitors, SOST and dickkopf homolog 1. The autonomous osteogenic effect of the PTHrP (107-111)-loaded HAGlu scaffolds was confirmed in mouse and human osteoblastic cell cultures. Our findings demonstrate the advantage of loading PTHrP (107-111) into degradable HAGlu scaffolds for achieving an optimal biomaterial that is promising for low load bearing clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lozano
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz and Instituto de Salud Carlos III-RETICEF, Avenida Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Investigación de Cirugía Osteo-Articular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Sánchez-Salcedo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación perteneciente a la Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Portal-Núñez
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz and Instituto de Salud Carlos III-RETICEF, Avenida Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Vila
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación perteneciente a la Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana López-Herradón
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz and Instituto de Salud Carlos III-RETICEF, Avenida Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Ardura
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz and Instituto de Salud Carlos III-RETICEF, Avenida Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Mulero
- Unidad de Imagen Molecular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Calle de Melchor Fernandez Almagro3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Barrena
- Grupo de Investigación de Cirugía Osteo-Articular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación perteneciente a la Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Pedro Esbrit
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz and Instituto de Salud Carlos III-RETICEF, Avenida Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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