1
|
Silva MDS, Funch LS, da Silva LB, Cardoso D. A phylogenetic and functional perspective on the origin and evolutionary shifts of growth ring anatomical markers in seed plants. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:842-876. [PMID: 33385187 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We reconstruct the evolutionary changes in different anatomical markers in order to understand the evolution and functional aspects of growth rings during the diversification of seed plants (spermatophytes), one of the largest and most diverse lineages of the tree of life. We carried out a wide revision of the anatomy of secondary xylem in spermatophytes and reconstructed the evolution of the different anatomical markers in a time-calibrated phylogeny. By embodying a functionally and evolutionarily significant concept in growth rings we reveal a new panorama for their frequency and show how common they are in diverse lineages of tropical plants. In this context, the principal anatomical markers of growth rings are identified in the evolutionary history of plants and their association with climate-related ecological characteristics. We discuss the function of these anatomical markers, especially for thick-walled and/or radially flattened latewood fibres, fibre zone and dilated rays. Despite the high evolutionary lability of the anatomical markers evidenced by our analyses, they appear to represent deep homologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Dos S Silva
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal e Identificação de Madeiras - LAVIM, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Campus de Ondina, 147, Salvador, BA, 40.170-290, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Universitária, s/n, Feira de Santana, BA, 44.031-460, Brazil
| | - Ligia S Funch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Universitária, s/n, Feira de Santana, BA, 44.031-460, Brazil
| | - Lazaro B da Silva
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal e Identificação de Madeiras - LAVIM, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Campus de Ondina, 147, Salvador, BA, 40.170-290, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada à Gestão Ambiental, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Campus de Ondina, 147, Salvador, BA, 40.170-290, Brazil
| | - Domingos Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Universitária, s/n, Feira de Santana, BA, 44.031-460, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (INCT IN-TREE), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Campus de Ondina, 147, Salvador, BA, 40.170-290, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dolezal J, Klimes A, Dvorsky M, Riha P, Klimesova J, Schweingruber F. Disentangling evolutionary, environmental and morphological drivers of plant anatomical adaptations to drought and cold in Himalayan graminoids. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Dolezal
- Inst. of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Trebon Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, Univ. of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
| | - Adam Klimes
- Inst. of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Trebon Czech Republic
- Dept of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ Praha Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Dvorsky
- Inst. of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Trebon Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Riha
- Inst. of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Trebon Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Klimesova
- Inst. of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Trebon Czech Republic
- Dept of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ Praha Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schnablová R, Herben T, Klimešová J. Shoot apical meristem and plant body organization: a cross-species comparative study. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 120:833-843. [PMID: 29136411 PMCID: PMC5737494 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is the key organizing element in the plant body and is responsible for the core of plant body organization and shape. Surprisingly, there are almost no comparative data that would show links between parameters of the SAM and whole-plant traits as drivers of the plant's response to the environment. METHODS Interspecific differences in SAM anatomy were examined in 104 perennial herbaceous angiosperms. KEY RESULTS There were differences in SAM parameters among individual species, their phylogenetic patterns, and how their variation is linked to variation in plant above-ground organs and hence species' environmental niches. SAM parameters were correlated with the size-related traits of leaf area, seed mass and stem diameter. Of the two key SAM parameters (cell size and number), variation in all organ traits was linked more strongly to cell number, with cell size being important only for seed mass. Some of these correlations were due to shared phylogenetic history (e.g. SAM diameter versus stem diameter), whereas others were due to parallel evolution (e.g. SAM cell size and seed mass). CONCLUSION These findings show that SAM parameters provide a functional link among sizes and numbers of plant organs, constituting species' environmental responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Schnablová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252
43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Herben
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252
43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic
and
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-379
82 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arévalo R, van Ee BW, Riina R, Berry PE, Wiedenhoeft AC. Force of habit: shrubs, trees and contingent evolution of wood anatomical diversity using Croton (Euphorbiaceae) as a model system. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:563-579. [PMID: 28065919 PMCID: PMC5458714 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Wood is a major innovation of land plants, and is usually a central component of the body plan for two major plant habits: shrubs and trees. Wood anatomical syndromes vary between shrubs and trees, but no prior work has explicitly evaluated the contingent evolution of wood anatomical diversity in the context of these plant habits. Methods Phylogenetic comparative methods were used to test for contingent evolution of habit, habitat and wood anatomy in the mega-diverse genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae), across the largest and most complete molecular phylogeny of the genus to date. Key Results Plant habit and habitat are highly correlated, but most wood anatomical features correlate more strongly with habit. The ancestral Croton was reconstructed as a tree, the wood of which is inferred to have absent or indistinct growth rings, confluent-like axial parenchyma, procumbent ray cells and disjunctive ray parenchyma cell walls. The taxa sampled showed multiple independent origins of the shrub habit in Croton , and this habit shift is contingent on several wood anatomical features (e.g. similar vessel-ray pits, thick fibre walls, perforated ray cells). The only wood anatomical trait correlated with habitat and not habit was the presence of helical thickenings in the vessel elements of mesic Croton . Conclusions Plant functional traits, individually or in suites, are responses to multiple and often confounding contexts in evolution. By establishing an explicit contingent evolutionary framework, the interplay between habit, habitat and wood anatomical diversity was dissected in the genus Croton . Both habit and habitat influence the evolution of wood anatomical characters, and conversely, the wood anatomy of lineages can affect shifts in plant habit and habitat. This study hypothesizes novel putatively functional trait associations in woody plant structure that could be further tested in a variety of other taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Arévalo
- Center for Wood Anatomy Research, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Benjamin W. van Ee
- University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez Herbarium, Department of Biology, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Call Box 9000, Mayagüez, 00680, Puerto Rico
| | - Ricarda Riina
- Real Jardín Botánico, RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul E. Berry
- University of Michigan, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department and Herbarium, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Alex C. Wiedenhoeft
- Center for Wood Anatomy Research, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dolezal J, Dvorsky M, Kopecky M, Liancourt P, Hiiesalu I, Macek M, Altman J, Chlumska Z, Rehakova K, Capkova K, Borovec J, Mudrak O, Wild J, Schweingruber F. Vegetation dynamics at the upper elevational limit of vascular plants in Himalaya. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24881. [PMID: 27143226 PMCID: PMC4855180 DOI: 10.1038/srep24881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid warming in Himalayas is predicted to increase plant upper distributional limits, vegetation cover and abundance of species adapted to warmer climate. We explored these predictions in NW Himalayas, by revisiting uppermost plant populations after ten years (2003-2013), detailed monitoring of vegetation changes in permanent plots (2009-2012), and age analysis of plants growing from 5500 to 6150 m. Plant traits and microclimate variables were recorded to explain observed vegetation changes. The elevation limits of several species shifted up to 6150 m, about 150 vertical meters above the limit of continuous plant distribution. The plant age analysis corroborated the hypothesis of warming-driven uphill migration. However, the impact of warming interacts with increasing precipitation and physical disturbance. The extreme summer snowfall event in 2010 is likely responsible for substantial decrease in plant cover in both alpine and subnival vegetation and compositional shift towards species preferring wetter habitats. Simultaneous increase in summer temperature and precipitation caused rapid snow melt and, coupled with frequent night frosts, generated multiple freeze-thaw cycles detrimental to subnival plants. Our results suggest that plant species responses to ongoing climate change will not be unidirectional upward range shifts but rather multi-dimensional, species-specific and spatially variable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 1, 252 43, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlate stoce 1, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Dvorsky
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 1, 252 43, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecky
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 1, 252 43, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Pierre Liancourt
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 1, 252 43, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 1, 252 43, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 1, 252 43, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 1, 252 43, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Chlumska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlate stoce 1, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Rehakova
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 1, 252 43, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Capkova
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 1, 252 43, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlate stoce 1, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Borovec
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Mudrak
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 1, 252 43, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 1, 252 43, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|