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Hodl I, Bosch P, Dreo B, Stradner MH. Case Report: Extensive Phosphorylation of Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 in a Patient With Schnitzler Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:576200. [PMID: 33123160 PMCID: PMC7569524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schnitzler syndrome (SchS) is a rare autoinflammatory disease, characterized by urticarial rash, recurrent fever, osteo-articular pain/arthritis with bone condensation, and monoclonal gammopathy. Diagnosis may be difficult due to overlapping signs with other diseases. Here, we describe the case of a 62-year-old man with SchS, who was initially misdiagnosed with multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). As excessive release of IL-6 is characteristic of MCD, in contrast to IL-1 in SchS, we measured the phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins of the respective pathways by flow cytometry. We found a distinct increase of phosphorylated IRAK-4 in our patient's B cells and monocytes while phosphorylation of STAT-3 was low, suggesting predominant IL-1 signaling. In accordance with these results and the classification criteria, we established the diagnosis of SchS instead of MCD and commenced therapy with the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra. We observed a rapid remission of signs accompanied by a reduction of phosphorylated IRAK-4 to normal levels. In conclusion, we propose phosphorylated IRAK-4 in B cells and monocytes as a potential marker for diagnosis of SchS and for treatment response to IL-1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin H. Stradner
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Lee S, Son WS, Yang HB, Rajasekaran N, Kim SS, Hong S, Choi JS, Choi JY, Song K, Shin YK. A Glycoengineered Interferon-β Mutein (R27T) Generates Prolonged Signaling by an Altered Receptor-Binding Kinetics. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1568. [PMID: 30733680 PMCID: PMC6353837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycoengineering approach is used to improve biophysical properties of protein-based drugs, but its direct impact on binding affinity and kinetic properties for the glycoengineered protein and its binding partner interaction is unclear. Type I interferon (IFN) receptors, composed of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, have different binding strengths, and sequentially bind to IFN in the dominant direction, leading to activation of signals and induces a variety of biological effects. Here, we evaluated receptor-binding kinetics for each state of binary and ternary complex formation between recombinant human IFN-β-1a and the glycoengineered IFN-β mutein (R27T) using the heterodimeric Fc-fusion technology, and compared biological responses between them. Our results have provided evidence that the additional glycan of R27T, located at the binding interface of IFNAR2, destabilizes the interaction with IFNAR2 via steric hindrance, and simultaneously enhances the interaction with IFNAR1 by restricting the conformational freedom of R27T. Consequentially, altered receptor-binding kinetics of R27T in the ternary complex formation led to a substantial increase in strength and duration of biological responses such as prolonged signal activation and gene expression, contributing to enhanced anti-proliferative activity. In conclusion, our findings reveal N-glycan at residue 25 of R27T is a crucial regulator of receptor-binding kinetics that changes biological activities such as long-lasting activation. Thus, we believe that R27T may be clinically beneficial for patients with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saehyung Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Sung Son
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon, South Korea
| | - Ho Bin Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nirmal Rajasekaran
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Su Kim
- The Center for Companion Diagnostics, LOGONE Bio Convergence Research Foundation, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungyoul Hong
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | | | - Kyoung Song
- The Center for Companion Diagnostics, LOGONE Bio Convergence Research Foundation, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea
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Canto E, Isobe N, Didonna A, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR. Aberrant STAT phosphorylation signaling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroinflammation 2018. [PMID: 29514694 PMCID: PMC5840794 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by increased activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), linked to perturbations in the phosphorylation of signaling proteins. Methods We developed a phosphoflow cytometry protocol to assess the levels of 11 phosphorylated nuclear proteins at baseline conditions and after cell activation in distinct PBMC populations from 41 treatment-naïve relapsing-remitting (RR) MS subjects and 37 healthy controls, and in a second cohort of 9 untreated RRMS patients and 10 secondary progressive (SP) MS patients. Levels of HLA-ABC, HLA-E, and HLA-DR were also assessed. Phosphorylation levels of selected proteins were also assessed in mouse splenocytes isolated from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Results Modest differences were observed at baseline between patients and controls, with general lower phosphorylation levels in cells from affected individuals. Conversely, a dramatic increase in phosphorylated p38MAPK and STAT proteins was observed across all cell types in MS patients compared to controls after in vitro activation. A similar phosphorylation profile was observed in mouse lymphocytes primed in vivo with MOG. Furthermore, levels of all p-STAT proteins were found directly correlated with HLA expression in monocytes. Levels of phosphorylated proteins did not differ between relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS patients either in baseline conditions or after stimulation. Lastly, phosphorylation levels appear to be independent of the genotype. Conclusion The response to IFN-α through STAT proteins signaling is strongly dysregulated in MS patients irrespective of disease stage. These findings suggest that the aberrant activation of this pathway could lead to changes in the expression of HLA molecules in antigen presenting cells, which are known to play important roles in the regulation of the immune response in health and disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1105-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Canto
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Noriko Isobe
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alessandro Didonna
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | | | - Stephen L Hauser
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jorge R Oksenberg
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Cross-reactivity of antibodies against interferon beta in multiple sclerosis patients and interference of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16585. [PMID: 29185487 PMCID: PMC5707350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon beta (IFNβ) therapy has immunogenic properties and induces the development of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). From the extensive literature focused in the development of NAbs in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, their ability to cross-react has been deficiently evaluated, despite having important consequences in the clinical practice. Here, the relation between the cross-reactivity and the NAbs titers has been evaluated in MS patients, by inhibition of the antiviral activity of IFNβ by bioassay and through the interference with the activation of the IFNß pathway (JAK-STAT), by phosphoflow. Thus, patients with intermediate-high titers of NAbs, determined by bioassay, had a 79-fold increased risk of cross-reactivity compared to patients with low titers. The cross-reactivity is also demonstrated because NAbs positive sera were able to decrease significantly the activation of pSTAT1 achieved by other different IFNβ molecules in the cells patients. Besides, a linear relationship between the STAT1 phosphorylation and NAbs titers was found. The study demonstrates that cross-reactivity increases with the titer of antibodies, which has important implications in clinical practice when switching the treatment. The direct relationship between the NAbs titer and the activation of STAT1 suggest that its determination could be an indirect method to identify the presence of NAbs.
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Davies R, Vogelsang P, Jonsson R, Appel S. An optimized multiplex flow cytometry protocol for the analysis of intracellular signaling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Immunol Methods 2016; 436:58-63. [PMID: 27369043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoflow cytometry is increasingly being used as a tool for the discovery of biomarkers used in the treatment and monitoring of disease and therapy. The ability to measure numerous phospho-protein targets simultaneously at a single cell level accurately and rapidly provides significant advantages over other methods. We here discuss important considerations required to successfully implement these methods. Three different blood collection tubes (lithium-heparin tubes, CPT with sodium citrate and CPT with sodium heparin) were evaluated, with PBMC isolated through lithium-heparin tubes/lymphoprep displaying reduced basal and increased stimulation induced phosphorylation compared to the other two methods. Further, we provide a protocol outlining an 8 color assay developed for the study of intracellular signaling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The assay allows for the quantitative measurement of the phospho-proteins ERK1/2, NF-κB p65, Stat1 (Y701), Stat1 (S727), Stat3 (Y705), Stat3 (S727), Stat4 (Y693), p38 and Stat5 (Y694), as well as the identification of T cells, B cells, natural killer cells and monocytes. The assay additionally incorporates fluorescent cell barcoding, reducing assay costs and increasing throughput while increasing data robustness. Inter-assay precision was assessed over a month long period for all experimental variables (phospho-protein measured, cell type and stimulant). Coefficient of variations (CVs) calculated from process triplicates of normalized median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the phospho-proteins displayed median CVs under 10% when grouped according to cell type, stimulation agent and phospho-protein measured, while the CV for each triplicate did not exceed 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Davies
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Petra Vogelsang
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Silke Appel
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Gavasso S, Gullaksen SE, Skavland J, Gjertsen BT. Single-cell proteomics: potential implications for cancer diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:579-89. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2016.1156531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gavasso
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jørn Skavland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn T. Gjertsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Group, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Bertolotto A, Granieri L, Marnetto F, Valentino P, Sala A, Capobianco M, Malucchi S, Di Sapio A, Malentacchi M, Matta M, Caldano M. Biological monitoring of IFN-β therapy in Multiple Sclerosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Severa M, Rizzo F, Giacomini E, Salvetti M, Coccia EM. IFN-β and multiple sclerosis: cross-talking of immune cells and integration of immunoregulatory networks. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 26:229-39. [PMID: 25498525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by autoimmune inflammation affecting the central nervous system and subsequent neurodegeneration. Historically, damage was thought to be mediated exclusively by auto-antigen-activated pro-inflammatory T cells. However, more recently, we are gaining increasing knowledge on the pathogenic role played in MS by B cells, dendritic cells and monocytes. IFN-β therapy was one the first approved therapy for MS for its ability to reduce relapse rate and MRI lesion activity and to significantly decrease risk of disability progression. IFN-β-mediated mechanisms of action, even if not completely understood, mainly rely on its multifaceted pleiotropic effects resulting in sustained anti-inflammatory properties directed toward almost every immune cell type. Here, we will discuss in detail literature data characterizing the pathogenic activity of the different immune cell subsets involved in MS pathogenesis and how IFN-β therapy regulates their function by modulating bystander responses. We believe that the effectiveness of this drug in MS treatment, even if in use for a long time, can unveil new insights on this disease and still teach a lesson to researchers in the MS field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Severa
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Rizzo
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Giacomini
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS) - Neurology and Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs; Sapienza, University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital Site, Italy
| | - Eliana M Coccia
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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