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The role of mprF mutations in "see-saw effect" of Daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 66:e0129521. [PMID: 34662187 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01295-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of daptomycin-resistant (DAP-R) Staphylococcus aureus strains has become a global problem. Point mutations in mprF are the main cause of daptomycin (DAP) treatment failure. However, the impact of these specific point-mutations in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains associated with DAP resistance and the "see-saw effect" of distinct beta-lactams remains unclear. In this study, we used three series of clinical MRSA strains with three distinct mutated mprF alleles from clone complexes (CC) 5 and 59 to explore the "see-saw effect" and the combination effect of DAP plus beta-lactams. Through construction of mprF deletion and complementation strains of SA268, we determined that mprF-S295A, mprF-S337L and one novel mutation of mprF-I348del within the bifunctional domain lead to DAP resistance. Compared with wild-type mprF cloned from a DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) strain, these three mprF mutations conferred the "see-saw effect" to distinct beta-lactams in the SA268ΔmprF strains and mutated-mprF (I348del and S337L) did not alter the cell surface positive charge (P > 0.05). The susceptibility to beta-lactams increased significantly in DAP-R CC59 strains and the "see-saw effect" was found to be associated with distinct mutated mprF alleles and the category of beta-lactams. The synergistic activity of DAP plus oxacillin was detected in all DAP-R MRSA strains. Continued progress in understanding the mechanism of restoring susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics mediated by the mprF mutation and its impact on beta-lactam combination therapy will provide fundamental insights into treatment of MRSA infections.
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Chen F, Chen Y, Zhao X, Wang J. Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST59 in a Chinese Adult with Meningitis: A Case Report from China. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:2011-2016. [PMID: 32636654 PMCID: PMC7334018 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s253407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections are reported worldwide and are associated with serious outcomes. The majority of CA-MRSA infections are soft tissue and skin infections, and cases with meningitis caused by CA-MRSA are rare. Here, we reported a 53-year-old male patient with meningitis due to CA-MRSA infection, as confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid examination. Whole-genome sequencing data revealed an ST59 CA-MRSA strain encoding PVL and SCCmec IV. Linezolid was administered in this case, and the patient recovered, with no signs of relapse during the one-year follow-up. We present the first case of PVL-positive ST59 CA-MRSA meningitis, with severe manifestations in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayu Chen
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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3
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Su YC, Hung WW, Lin JM, Chang CC, Chen YH, Lai YL, Tseng SP, Lu PL, Yamamoto T, Teng LJ, Hung WC. Tracking the evolution of the two successful CC59 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in Taiwan: the divergence time of the two clades is estimated to be the 1980s. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:106047. [PMID: 32544568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clonal complex 59 (CC59) is the dominant community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain in Taiwan and includes the Asian-Pacific clone with Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-negative/staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) IVg and the Taiwan clone characterised as PVL-positive/SCCmec V (5C2&5). Nevertheless, data on the evolutionary history of the two dominant CC59 MRSA clones in Taiwan are scarce. In this study, a total of 258 CC59 S. aureus strains from Taiwan were classified by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), which revealed two major clusters (MT1 and MT2) with distinct mobile genetic elements (MGEs). However, sequencing and PCR mapping of the β-lactamase-producing plasmid revealed no difference among all CC59 S. aureus strains. Bayesian evolutionary analysis of 18 of the CC59 S. aureus strains based on core genome alignment revealed two clades: (i) Clade A, which shared the samples with MT1, had the features of mainly harbouring gentamicin-resistant MES6272-2 or MES4578, φSA3 translocation in νSaβ and SCCmec IVg; and (ii) Clade B, which shared the samples with MT2, had the features of mainly harbouring streptomycin-resistant MESPM1, PVL phage and SCCmec V (5C2&5). Based on the time-calibrated phylogenetic tree, the estimated time of divergence of the two clades was in the 1980s. These results suggest that the CC59 S. aureus progenitor acquired a β-lactamase-producing plasmid and then developed the varied genetic backgrounds, which were associated with the acquisition and maintenance of distinct MGEs, leading to differences in antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and molecular virulence determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chao Su
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Mi Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chia Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Han Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Pin Tseng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Division of Infection, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Center, Niigata, Japan
| | - Lee-Jene Teng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Hung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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A comparative genomic analysis between methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains of hospital acquired and community infections in Yunnan province of China. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:137. [PMID: 32054452 PMCID: PMC7020539 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens worldwide, especially for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection. However, few reports referred to patients' MRSA infections in Yunnan province, southwest China. METHODS In this study, we selected representative MRSA strains from patients' systemic surveillance in Yunnan province of China, performed the genomic sequencing and compared their features, together with some food derived strains. RESULTS Among sixty selective isolates, forty strains were isolated from patients, and twenty isolated from food. Among the patients' strains, sixteen were recognized as community-acquired (CA), compared with 24 for hospital-acquired (HA). ST6-t701, ST59-t437 and ST239-t030 were the three major genotype profiles. ST6-t701 was predominated in food strains, while ST59-t437 and ST239-t030 were the primary clones in patients. The clinical features between CA and HA-MRSA of patients were statistical different. Compared the antibiotic resistant results between patients and food indicated that higher antibiotic resistant rates were found in patients' strains. Totally, the average genome sizes of 60 isolates were 2.79 ± 0.05 Mbp, with GC content 33% and 84.50 ± 0.20% of coding rate. The core genomes of these isolates were 1593 genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on pan-genome and SNP of strains showed that five clustering groups were generated. Clustering ST239-t030 contained all the HA-MRSA cases in this study; clustering ST6-t701 referred to food and CA-MRSA infections in community; clustering ST59-t437 showed the heterogeneity for provoking different clinical diseases in both community and hospital. Phylogenetic tree, incorporating 24 isolates from different regions, indicated ST239-t030 strains in this study were more closely related to T0131 isolate from Tianjin, China, belonged to 'Turkish clade' from Eastern Europe; two groups of ST59-t437 clones of MRSA in Yunnan province were generated, belonged to the 'Asian-Pacific' clone (AP) and 'Taiwan' clone (TW) respectively. CONCLUSIONS ST239-t030, ST59-t437 and ST6-t701 were the three major MRSA clones in Yunnan province of China. ST239-t030 clonal Yunnan isolates demonstrated the local endemic of clone establishment for a number of years, whereas ST59-t437 strains revealed the multi-origins of this clone. In general, genomic study on epidemic clones of MRSA in southwest China provided the features and evolution of this pathogen.
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Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococci on Hand-Touching Surfaces in a University Town in Southwestern China: A Prevalence Study of Virulence and Resistance. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.95859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Chen Y, Sun L, Wu D, Wang H, Ji S, Yu Y. Using Core-genome Multilocus Sequence Typing to Monitor the Changing Epidemiology of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Teaching Hospital. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 67:S241-S248. [PMID: 30423051 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was performed to elucidate the changing epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a Chinese teaching hospital. Methods We performed whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis on MRSA isolates recovered at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH) from 2013 to 2015. MRSA isolates underwent susceptibility testing, resistance determinant screening, virulence assays and clinical data analysis. Results A total of 292 MRSA infections were identified during the study period. Of these, most belonged to sequence type (ST) 5 (51.4%; 150 of 292) and ST59 (23.3%; 68 of 292). The proportion of ST5 MRSA decreased from 68.3% in 2013 to 32.1% in 2015, and the proportion of ST59 MRSA increased from 8.9% to 41.0%. Core-genome phylogenetic analysis revealed that ST59 MRSA isolates exhibited wider genotypic diversity than ST5 MRSA isolates in both healthcare-onset and community-onset groups. Minimum spanning trees showed that a cluster of ST5 MRSA was circulating at SRRSH, whereas the ST59 MRSA infections were mostly sporadic. ST59 MRSA caused 45.2% of the 93 skin and soft-tissue infection cases and displayed lower levofloxacin (11.8%) and ciprofloxacin (19.1%) resistance rates than the ST239 and ST5 MRSA isolates. ST59 healthcare-onset MRSA displayed enhanced virulence in the skin infection model and hemolysis assays. Notably, these isolates had virulence levels similar to those of classic community-associated MRSA strains. Conclusions ST59 MRSA strains with high virulence potential have been replacing ST5 MRSA in predominance in SRRSH and causing nosocomial infections. Whole-genome sequencing is a powerful tool to monitor changes in the epidemiology of MRSA in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shujuan Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Chen Y, Hong J, Chen Y, Wang H, Yu Y, Qu T. Characterization of a community-acquired methicillin-resistant sequence type 338 Staphylococcus aureus strain containing a staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type V T. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 90:181-187. [PMID: 31682959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the molecular characteristics of a sequence type 338 community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strain and the relationship among MRSA strains from various lineages and areas. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing, genomic comparison, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and hemolysis analysis were performed to identify the resistance determinants and virulence factors of strain ZY05 and the relationships among CC59 clones. RESULTS MRSA strain ZY05 was resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin, and the resistance genes erm(B) and tet(K) were detected in the genome. ZY05 harbors the genomic islands νSaα, νSaβ, νSaγ, and ΦSa2, the pathogenicity island νSa1, and virulence factors such as Panton-Valentine leukocidin, phenol-soluble modulins, alpha-hemolysin, enterotoxin B, enterotoxin K, and enterotoxin Q, which are the same as those present in ST59 strains. In addition, the virulence potential of ST338 did not differ from that of ST59. This strain contains the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type VT, a distinct SCCmec type previously reported from Taiwan. The results of core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis showed that the gene distances between ST59 and ST338 were close among CC59 isolates, while strains from Taiwan were identical to isolates from the Chinese mainland with respect to these two sequence types. CONCLUSIONS The ST338 strain ZY05, which has a close genetic relationship to ST59 strains, is multidrug-resistant and highly virulent. Strains of two identical lineages, ST59 and ST338, from Taiwan and the Chinese mainland may have the same genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Technology and Bioinformatics Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Infectious Disease Department, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Technology and Bioinformatics Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Technology and Bioinformatics Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Technology and Bioinformatics Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Tingting Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Colclough A, Corander J, Sheppard SK, Bayliss SC, Vos M. Patterns of cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity between clinical antibiotics and natural antimicrobials. Evol Appl 2019; 12:878-887. [PMID: 31080502 PMCID: PMC6503891 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria interact with a multitude of other organisms, many of which produce antimicrobials. Selection for resistance to these antimicrobials has the potential to result in resistance to clinical antibiotics when active compounds target the same bacterial pathways. The possibility of such cross-resistance between natural antimicrobials and antibiotics has to our knowledge received very little attention. The antimicrobial activity of extracts from seaweeds, known to be prolific producers of antimicrobials, is here tested against Staphylococcus aureus isolates with varied clinical antibiotic resistance profiles. An overall effect consistent with cross-resistance is demonstrated, with multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains being on average more resistant to seaweed extracts. This pattern could potentially indicate that evolution of resistance to antimicrobials in the natural environment could lead to resistance against clinical antibiotics. However, patterns of antimicrobial activity of individual seaweed extracts vary considerably and include collateral sensitivity, where increased resistance to a particular antibiotic is associated with decreased resistance to a particular seaweed extract. Our correlation-based methods allow the identification of antimicrobial extracts bearing most promise for downstream active compound identification and pharmacological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Colclough
- European Centre for Environment and Human HealthUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolCornwallUK
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Jukka Corander
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Samuel K. Sheppard
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology & BiochemistryUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Sion C. Bayliss
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology & BiochemistryUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Michiel Vos
- European Centre for Environment and Human HealthUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolCornwallUK
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Deutsch DR, Utter B, Verratti KJ, Sichtig H, Tallon LJ, Fischetti VA. Extra-Chromosomal DNA Sequencing Reveals Episomal Prophages Capable of Impacting Virulence Factor Expression in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1406. [PMID: 30013526 PMCID: PMC6036120 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen with well-characterized bacteriophage contributions to its virulence potential. Recently, we identified plasmidial and episomal prophages in S. aureus strains using an extra-chromosomal DNA (exDNA) isolation and sequencing approach, uncovering the plasmidial phage ϕBU01, which was found to encode important virulence determinants. Here, we expanded our extra-chromosomal sequencing of S. aureus, selecting 15 diverse clinical isolates with known chromosomal sequences for exDNA isolation and next-generation sequencing. We uncovered the presence of additional episomal prophages in 5 of 15 samples, but did not identify any plasmidial prophages. exDNA isolation was found to enrich for circular prophage elements, and qPCR characterization of the strains revealed that such prophage enrichment is detectable only in exDNA samples and would likely be missed in whole-genome DNA preparations (e.g., detection of episomal prophages did not correlate with higher prophage excision rates nor higher excised prophage copy numbers in qPCR experiments using whole-genome DNA). In S. aureus MSSA476, we found that enrichment and excision of the prophage ϕSa4ms into the cytoplasm was temporal and that episomal prophage localization did not appear to be a precursor to lytic cycle replication, suggesting ϕSa4ms excision into the cytoplasm may be part of a novel lysogenic switch. For example, we show that ϕSa4ms excision alters the promoter and transcription of htrA2 , encoding a stress-response serine protease, and that alternative promotion of htrA2 confers increased heat-stress survival in S. aureus COL. Overall, exDNA isolation and focused sequencing may offer a more complete genomic picture for bacterial pathogens, offering insights into important chromosomal dynamics likely missed with whole-genome DNA-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Deutsch
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bryan Utter
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kathleen J Verratti
- Applied Physics Laboratory, National Security Systems Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Heike Sichtig
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of In Vitro Diagnostics, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Luke J Tallon
- Genomics Resource Center, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vincent A Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
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Miller HK, Burda WN, Carroll RK, Shaw LN. Identification of a unique transcriptional architecture for the sigS operon in Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:4983123. [PMID: 29688345 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus possess three alternative σ factors, including a lone extracytoplasmic function σ factor, σS. Our group previously identified and characterized this element, mapping three sigS promoters, demonstrating its inducibility during stress and virulence inducing conditions and demonstrating a role for this factor in disease causation. In the present study, we identify a fourth promoter of the sigS operon, termed P4, located in a unique position internal to the sigS coding region. Transcriptional profiling revealed that expression from P4 is dominant to the three upstream promoters, particularly upon exposure to chemical stressors that elicit DNA damage and disrupt cell wall stability; each of which have previously been shown to stimulate sigS expression. Importantly, expression of this fourth promoter, followed by at least one or more of the upstream promoters, is induced during growth in serum and upon phagocytosis by RAW 264.7 murine macrophage-like cells. Finally, we demonstrate that a downstream gene, SACOL1829, bears a large 3΄ UTR that spans the sigS-SACOL1828 coding region, and may serve to compete with the P4 transcript to inhibit σS production. Collectively, these findings reveal a unique operon architecture for the sigS locus that indicates the potential for novel regulatory mechanisms governing its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halie K Miller
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Whittney N Burda
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Ronan K Carroll
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Lindsey N Shaw
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
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Cao B, Huang Y, She DY, Cheng QJ, Fan H, Tian XL, Xu JF, Zhang J, Chen Y, Shen N, Wang H, Jiang M, Zhang XY, Shi Y, He B, He LX, Liu YN, Qu JM. Diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Chinese Thoracic Society, Chinese Medical Association. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2017; 12:1320-1360. [PMID: 28756639 PMCID: PMC7162259 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults is an infectious disease with high morbidity in China and the rest of the world. With the changing pattern in the etiological profile of CAP and advances in medical techniques in diagnosis and treatment over time, Chinese Thoracic Society of Chinese Medical Association updated its CAP guideline in 2016 to address the standard management of CAP in Chinese adults. Extensive and comprehensive literature search was made to collect the data and evidence for experts to review and evaluate the level of evidence. Corresponding recommendations are provided appropriately based on the level of evidence. This updated guideline covers comprehensive topics on CAP, including aetiology, antimicrobial resistance profile, diagnosis, empirical and targeted treatments, adjunctive and supportive therapies, as well as prophylaxis. The recommendations may help clinicians manage CAP patients more effectively and efficiently. CAP in pediatric patients and immunocompromised adults is beyond the scope of this guideline. This guideline is only applicable for the immunocompetent CAP patients aged 18 years and older. The recommendations on selection of antimicrobial agents and the dosing regimens are not mandatory. The clinicians are recommended to prescribe and adjust antimicrobial therapies primarily based on their local etiological profile and results of susceptibility testing, with reference to this guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cao
- National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan-Yang She
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qi-Jian Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xin-Lun Tian
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ning Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiang-Yan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Bei He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li-Xian He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - You-Ning Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jie-Ming Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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12
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Post V, Harris LG, Morgenstern M, Geoff Richards R, Sheppard SK, Fintan Moriarty T. Characterization of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from international human and veterinary surgeons. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:360-370. [PMID: 28005521 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nasal colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is poorly described for surgeons, despite the increased exposure to nosocomial pathogens and at-risk patients. This study investigated the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of 26 MRSA isolates cultured from the nares of an international cross-sectional study of 1166 human and 60 veterinary surgeons. METHODOLOGY All isolates were subjected to agr, spa and multilocus sequence typing, and the presence of 22 virulence factors was screened for by PCR. Additionally, biofilm-forming ability, haemolytic activity, staphyloxanthin production and antibiotic resistance were determined. The genome of a rifampicin-resistant MRSA was sequenced. RESULTS Approximately half of the isolates belonged to well-described clonal lineages, ST1, ST5, ST8, ST45 and ST59, that have previously been associated with severe infections and increased patient mortality. Two of the three veterinarian MRSA belonged to epidemic livestock-associated MRSA clonal lineages (ST398 and ST8) previously associated with high transmission potential between animals and humans. The isolates did not display any consistent virulence gene pattern, and 35 % of the isolates carried at least one of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (lukFS-PV), exfoliative toxin (eta) or toxic shock syndrome (tst) genes. Resistance to rifampicin was detected in one veterinarian isolate and was found to be due to three mutations in the rpoB gene. CONCLUSION Surgeons occupy a critical position in the healthcare profession due to their close contact with patients. In this study, surgeons were found to be colonized with MRSA at low rates, similar to those of the general population, and the colonizing strains were often common clonal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Llinos G Harris
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Mario Morgenstern
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Hung WC, Wan TW, Kuo YC, Yamamoto T, Tsai JC, Lin YT, Hsueh PR, Teng LJ. Molecular Evolutionary Pathways toward Two Successful Community-Associated but Multidrug-Resistant ST59 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Lineages in Taiwan: Dynamic Modes of Mobile Genetic Element Salvages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162526. [PMID: 27606427 PMCID: PMC5015870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal complex 59 (CC59) Staphylococcus aureus in Taiwan includes both methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). As the most prominent community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) in Taiwan, CC59 has two major clones characterized as PVL-negative SCCmec IV (carrying the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec IV but Panton-Valentine leukocidin-negative) and PVL-positive SCCmec V (5C2&5). We investigated the drug resistance, phylogeny and the distribution and sequence variation of SCCmec, staphylococcal bacteriophage φSA3, genomic island νSaβ and MES (an enterococcal mobile genetic element conferring multidrug resistance) in 195 CC59 S. aureus. Sequencing and PCR mapping revealed that all of the CC59/SCCmec V (5C2&5) MRSA strains had acquired MESPM1 or its segregants, and obtained a φSA3-related fragment in νSaβ. In contrast, MES6272-2 and MES4578, which showed gentamicin resistance that was not encoded by MESPM1, were dominant in SCCmec IVg MRSA. Translocation of a whole φSA3 into νSaβ instead of only a φSA3-related fragment was common in SCCmec IVg MRSA. However, the non-subtype-g SCCmec IV MRSA (SCCmec IVa is the major) still carried MES and νSaβ structures similar to those in SCCmec V (5C2&5) MRSA. A minimum spanning tree constructed by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis revealed that SCCmec IVg MRSA and SCCmec V (5C2&5) MRSA grouped respectively in two major clades. The CC59 MSSA was equally distributed among the two clades, while the non-subtype-g SCCmec IV MRSA mostly clustered with SCCmec V (5C2&5) MRSA. Our findings strongly suggest that CC59 MSSA acquired divergent mobile genetic elements and evolved to SCCmec IVg MRSA and SCCmec V (5C2&5) MRSA/non-subtype-g SCCmec IV MRSA independently. The evolutionary history of CC59 S. aureus explains how mobile genetic elements increase the antimicrobial resistance and virulence and contribute to the success of CA-MRSA in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Hung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wen Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Kuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Center, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jui-Chang Tsai
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Jene Teng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Liu W, Wang Q, Hou J, Tu C, Luo Y, Christie P. Whole genome analysis of halotolerant and alkalotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Klebsiella sp. D5A. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26710. [PMID: 27216548 PMCID: PMC4877636 DOI: 10.1038/srep26710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This research undertook the systematic analysis of the Klebsiella sp. D5A genome and identification of genes that contribute to plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, especially genes related to salt tolerance and wide pH adaptability. The genome sequence of isolate D5A was obtained using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing system with average coverages of 174.7× and 200.1× using the paired-end and mate-pair sequencing, respectively. Predicted and annotated gene sequences were analyzed for similarity with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enzyme database followed by assignment of each gene into the KEGG pathway charts. The results show that the Klebsiella sp. D5A genome has a total of 5,540,009 bp with 57.15% G + C content. PGP conferring genes such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, acetoin and 2,3-butanediol synthesis, and N2 fixation were determined. Moreover, genes putatively responsible for resistance to high salinity including glycine-betaine synthesis, trehalose synthesis and a number of osmoregulation receptors and transport systems were also observed in the D5A genome together with numerous genes that contribute to pH homeostasis. These genes reveal the genetic adaptation of D5A to versatile environmental conditions and the effectiveness of the isolate to serve as a plant growth stimulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jinyu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chen Tu
- Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Peter Christie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Peton V, Breyne K, Rault L, Demeyere K, Berkova N, Meyer E, Even S, Le Loir Y. Disruption of the sigS gene attenuates the local innate immune response to Staphylococcus aureus in a mouse mastitis model. Vet Microbiol 2016; 186:44-51. [PMID: 27016756 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major pathogen involved in ruminant mastitis and present worldwide. Clinical signs of S. aureus mastitis vary considerably and are largely dependent on strain-specific factors. A comparison of two S. aureus strains that reproducibly induced either severe (O11) or mild (O46) mastitis in ewes revealed that the transcriptional regulator sigS was mutated in O46 (Le Maréchal et al., 2011. PLoS One. 6 (11) e27354. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027354). In the present paper, we analysed the sigS sequence in 18 other S. aureus strains isolated from goat or ewe mastitis and found a 4-bp deletion similar to that of the O46 sigS gene in three strains associated with subclinical ewe mastitis. This sigS gene was disrupted in strain O11 (O11ΔsigS), so our aim was to investigate its involvement in the severity of infections in the context of mastitis. The wild type (wt) and mutant strains were then characterized in vitro to determine the involvement of sigS in the response S. aureus under various stress conditions, and assess its influence on the cytotoxicity of the pathogen, its invasive capacity and biofilm formation. The strains were compared in vivo in an experimental mouse mastitis model in which clinical signs and cytokine production were evaluated at 24h post-infection. While no significant differences in the effect on bacterial growth between O11 and O11ΔsigS were observed either in vitro or in vivo, a significantly weaker in vivo production of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α was measured in the mammary glands infected with the mutant strain, suggesting that infection with O11ΔsigS induced an attenuated local innate immune response. These results suggest an impact of sigS disruption on S. aureus pathogenesis in a ruminant mastitis context. This disruption is probably involved in, and may partly explain, the milder symptoms previously observed in S. aureus O46-induced mastitis in ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Peton
- INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 STLO, 85 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Koen Breyne
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lucie Rault
- INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 STLO, 85 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Kristel Demeyere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nadia Berkova
- INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 STLO, 85 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sergine Even
- INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 STLO, 85 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Yves Le Loir
- INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 STLO, 85 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
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Cheung GYC, Yeh AJ, Kretschmer D, Duong AC, Tuffuor K, Fu CL, Joo HS, Diep BA, Li M, Nakamura Y, Nunez G, Peschel A, Otto M. Functional characteristics of the Staphylococcus aureus δ-toxin allelic variant G10S. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18023. [PMID: 26658455 PMCID: PMC4674873 DOI: 10.1038/srep18023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus δ-toxin is a member of the phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) peptide family. PSMs have multiple functions in staphylococcal pathogenesis; for example, they lyse red and white blood cells and trigger inflammatory responses. Compared to other PSMs, δ-toxin is usually more strongly expressed but has only moderate cytolytic capacities. The amino acid sequences of S. aureus PSMs are well conserved with two exceptions, one of which is the δ-toxin allelic variant G10S. This variant is a characteristic of the subspecies S. argenteus and S. aureus sequence types ST1 and ST59, the latter representing the most frequent cause of community-associated infections in Asia. δ-toxin G10S and strains expressing that variant from plasmids or the genome had significantly reduced cytolytic and pro-inflammatory capacities, including in a strain background with pronounced production of other PSMs. However, in murine infection models, isogenic strains expressing the two δ-toxin variants did not cause measurable differences in disease severity. Our findings indicate that the widespread G10S allelic variation of the δ-toxin locus has a significant impact on key pathogenesis mechanisms, but more potent members of the PSM peptide family may overshadow that impact in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Y C Cheung
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Anthony J Yeh
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Dorothee Kretschmer
- Cellular and Molecular Microbiology Division, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Anthony C Duong
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Kwame Tuffuor
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Chih-Lung Fu
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Hwang-Soo Joo
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Binh A Diep
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States of America
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yuumi Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 2608670, Japan
| | - Gabriel Nunez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Cellular and Molecular Microbiology Division, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
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Dahms C, Hübner NO, Cuny C, Kramer A. Occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in farm workers and the livestock environment in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. Acta Vet Scand 2014; 56:53. [PMID: 25142727 PMCID: PMC4236505 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-014-0053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) has a wide host range and is transmissible to humans, especially to those with close contact to colonized animals. This study presents the first data on the occurrence of MRSA in farm workers and livestock farms (pig, cattle and poultry) in the federal state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in northeast Germany. 78 farm workers at pig farms, cattle farms and poultry farms were tested for MRSA via pooled nasal and pharyngeal swabs. Additionally, from each of the 34 participating farms (17 pig farms, 11 cattle farms, 6 poultry farms) five dust samples were taken from the direct surroundings of the animals. Furthermore, oropharyngeal swabs were additionally taken from 10 animals per poultry farm. Isolated MRSA strains were characterized and confirmed using PCR and spa typing. Resistance patterns were obtained using the broth microdilution assay. Results In total, 20 of 78 (25.6%; 95% CI:17.3-36.3) farm workers were positive for MRSA. All MRSA-positive workers were employed at pig farms. Six of 17 (35.3%; 95% CI:17.3-58.7) pooled dust samples from pig farms were also positive. Overall, six spa types were identified, of which t034 predominated. All strains belonged to LA-MRSA CC398 and were resistant to tetracycline. Resistance to lincosamides, macrolides, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides was present in some strains. Three farm workers harbored the identical spa type and antimicrobial resistance pattern found in the corresponding dust sample. Neither workers, dust samples from cattle and poultry farms, nor oropharyngeal poultry swabs tested positive for MRSA. Conclusions The present study emphasizes the importance of MRSA on pig farms and pig-farm workers in the rural region of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, whereas LA-MRSA could not be isolated from cattle and poultry farms.
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