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Wada E, Ogawa K. Effect of Taste-Induced Mood on ERP and Emotional Assessment of Images. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:1852-1868. [PMID: 37335749 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231184370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Tastes affect the body and our emotions. We used tasteless, sweet, and bitter stimuli to induce participants' moods, and we examined the effect of mood on an emotional evaluation of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant images using event-related potentials, N2, N400, and late positive potential (LPP), which reflect emotional evaluation in the brain. The results indicated that mood valence was most positive for sweetness and most negative for bitterness. Moreover, there was no significant mood effect on subjective valence ratings of emotional images. Furthermore, the N2 amplitude, which is related to the early semantic processing of preceding stimuli, was unaffected by the taste induced mood. In contrast, we found that the N400 amplitude, which is related to the mismatch of emotional valence between stimuli, increased significantly for unpleasant images when participants were in a positive rather than negative mood state. Also, the LPP amplitude, which is related to the emotional valence of images, showed only the main effect of the images' emotional valence. The N2's results suggest that the early semantic processing of taste stimuli might have had a negligible impact on emotional evaluation because taste stimuli minimize semantic processing that accompanies mood induction. In contrast, the N400 reflected the effects of the induced mood, and the LPP reflected the impact of the valence of emotional images. The use of taste stimuli to induce mood revealed different brain processing of taste-induced mood effects on emotional evaluation, including N2's involvement in semantic processing, N400's involvement in matching emotions between mood and stimuli, and LPP's involvement in subjective evaluations of stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Wada
- Integrated Arts and Human Sciences Program, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keiko Ogawa
- Integrated Arts and Human Sciences Program, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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2
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Fernández-Folgueiras U, Hernández-Lorca M, Méndez-Bértolo C, Álvarez F, Giménez-Fernández T, Carretié L. Exogenous Attention to Emotional Stimuli Presenting Realistic (3D) Looming Motion. Brain Topogr 2022; 35:599-612. [PMID: 35933532 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-022-00909-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous research shows that dynamic stimuli, on the one hand, and emotional stimuli, on the other, capture exogenous attention due to their biological relevance. Through neural (ERPs) and behavioral measures (reaction times and errors), the present study explored the combined effect of looming motion and emotional content on attentional capture. To this end, 3D-recreated static and dynamic animals assessed as emotional (positive or negative) or neutral were presented as distractors while 71 volunteers performed a line orientation task. We observed a two-phase effect: firstly (before 300 ms), early components of ERPs (P1p and N2po) showed enhanced exogenous attentional capture by looming positive distractors and static threatening animals. Thereafter, dynamic and static threatening distractors received enhanced endogenous attention as revealed by both late ERP activity (LPC) and behavioral (errors) responses. These effects are likely explained by both the emotional valence and the distance of the stimulus at each moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uxía Fernández-Folgueiras
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Ivan Pavlov 6, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Hernández-Lorca
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Ivan Pavlov 6, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Constantino Méndez-Bértolo
- Departamento de Psicología. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Cádiz, Calle de la República Saharaui 12, 11519, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Avenida Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Fátima Álvarez
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Ivan Pavlov 6, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Giménez-Fernández
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Ivan Pavlov 6, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Carretié
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Ivan Pavlov 6, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Fernández-Folgueiras U, Méndez-Bértolo C, Hernández-Lorca M, Bódalo C, Giménez-Fernández T, Carretié L. Realistic (3D) looming of emotional visual stimuli: Attentional effects at neural and behavioral levels. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13785. [PMID: 33550631 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous research shows that endogenous attention (the controlled selection of certain aspects of our environment) is enhanced toward emotional stimuli due to its biological relevance. Although looming affective stimuli such as threat seem even more critical for survival, little is known about their effect on endogenous attention. Here, we recorded neural (event-related potentials, ERPs) and behavioral responses (errors and reaction times) to explore the combined effect of emotion and looming motion. 3D-recreated static and moving animals assessed as emotionally positive, negative, and neutral, were presented to participants (n = 71), who performed an indirect categorization task (vertebrate vs. invertebrate). Behavioral results showed better task performance, as reflected by lower number of errors and reaction times, in response to threatening stimuli. Neural indices revealed significant early (P1p, 150 milliseconds), intermediate (P2p, 240), and late (LPP, 450) effects, the latter being more intensely associated with behavior, as revealed by regression analyses. In general, neural indexes of attention to both static and dynamic stimuli showed a positivity offset in early stages and a negativity bias in subsequent phases. However, and importantly, the progressive inclusion of negative stimuli in the attentional focus is produced earlier in the case of dynamic (at P2p latency) than in static versions (at LPP). These results point to an enhancement of attention, particularly in temporal terms, toward stimuli combining motion and biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uxía Fernández-Folgueiras
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Hernández-Lorca
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Bódalo
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Giménez-Fernández
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Carretié
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Memory distortion for orthographically associated words in individuals with depressive symptoms. Cognition 2020; 203:104330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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5
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Meng X, Gao S, Liu W, Zhang L, Suo T, Li H. The Childhood Maltreatment Modulates the Impact of Negative Emotional Stimuli on Conflict Resolution. Front Psychol 2019; 10:845. [PMID: 31105614 PMCID: PMC6498949 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that negative emotional stimuli could facilitate conflict resolution. However, it remains unclear about whether and how the impact of negative emotional stimuli on conflict resolution varies depending on childhood maltreatment. To clarify this issue, seventy-nine subjects were required to perform an arrow Eriksen Flanker Task which was presented in the center of emotional pictures. The present study found a significant interaction effect of childhood maltreatment and emotion on executive attention scores in reaction times (RTs) that reflect conflict resolution speed. For subjects in high childhood maltreatment, negative pictures elicited smaller executive attention scores in RTs than neutral and positive pictures, while neutral and positive pictures elicited similar executive attention scores in RTs. By contrast, for subjects in low childhood maltreatment, executive attention scores in RTs were similar across three conditions. These results suggest that the speed of conflict resolution is enhanced in high, instead of low, childhood maltreatment in situations of negative stimuli. This finding extends our understanding of the interaction among emotion, childhood maltreatment and conflict resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxin Meng
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuling Gao
- School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- School of Education, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Education, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Tao Suo
- School of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Carboni A, Kessel D, Capilla A, Carretié L. The influence of affective state on exogenous attention to emotional distractors: behavioral and electrophysiological correlates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8068. [PMID: 28808233 PMCID: PMC5556118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between exogenous attention to emotional distractors and the baseline affective state has not been well established yet. The present study aimed to explore this issue through behavioral measures and event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants (N = 30) completed a digit categorization task depicted over negative, positive or neutral distractor background pictures, while they experienced negative, positive and neutral affective states elicited by movie scenes. Behavioral results showed higher error rates and longer reaction times for negative distractors than for neutral and positive ones, irrespective of the current emotional state. Neural indices showed that the participants' affective state modulated N1 amplitudes, irrespective of distractor type, while the emotional charge of distractors modulated N2, irrespective of the emotional state. Importantly, an interaction of state and distractor type was observed in LPP. These results demonstrate that exogenous attention to emotional distractors is independent from modulating effects of the emotional baseline state at early, automatic stages of processing. However, attention to emotional distractors and affective state interact at later latencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Kessel
- Universidad de la República del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Li X, Meng X, Li H, Yang J, Yuan J. The impact of mood on empathy for pain: Evidence from an EEG study. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1311-1322. [PMID: 28449372 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current work investigated whether the neural correlates of empathy for pain are altered by mood valence of observers. Following mood induction, participants watched pictures representing painful or nonpainful situations. We used EEG to record neural activity and assessed event-related desynchronization at central sites during pain observation. Greater mu desynchronization was observed during painful relative to nonpainful situations in positive and neutral mood but not in negative mood. We also found that the pain empathy effect, indexed by mu suppression differences between painful and nonpainful conditions, was smaller in negative than in neutral and positive mood, while this effect was similar between neutral and positive mood. The current study demonstrates that observers' mood states influence the motoric component of empathy for pain, and specifically the negative mood suppresses the motoric empathic resonance for others' pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- The Laboratory for Affect Cognition & Regulation, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianxin Meng
- School of Education, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Research Center for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiemin Yang
- The Laboratory for Affect Cognition & Regulation, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajin Yuan
- The Laboratory for Affect Cognition & Regulation, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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8
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Meng X, Yang J, Cai AY, Ding XS, Liu W, Li H, Yuan JJ. The neural mechanisms underlying the aging-related enhancement of positive affects: electrophysiological evidences. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:143. [PMID: 26300770 PMCID: PMC4527238 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies reported that old adults, relative to young adults, showed improvement of emotional stability and increased experiences of positive affects. Methods: In order to better understand the neural underpinnings behind the aging-related enhancement of positive affects, it is necessary to investigate whether old and young adults differ in the threshold of eliciting positive or negative emotional reactions. However, no studies have examined emotional reaction differences between old and young adults by manipulating the intensity of emotional stimuli to date. To clarify this issue, the present study examined the impact of aging on the brain’s susceptibility to affective pictures of varying emotional intensities. We recorded event-related potentials (ERP) for highly negative (HN), mildly negative (MN) and neutral pictures in the negative experimental block; and for highly positive (HP), mildly positive (MP) and neutral pictures in the positive experimental block, when young and old adults were required to count the number of pictures, irrespective of the emotionality of the pictures. Results: Event-related potentials results showed that LPP (late positive potentials) amplitudes were larger for HN and MN stimuli compared to neutral stimuli in young adults, but not in old adults. By contrast, old adults displayed larger LPP amplitudes for HP and MP relative to neutral stimuli, while these effects were absent for young adults. In addition, old adults reported more frequent perception of positive stimuli and less frequent perception of negative stimuli than young adults. The post-experiment stimulus assessment showed more positive ratings of Neutral and MP stimuli, and reduced arousal ratings of HN stimuli in old compared to young adults. Conclusion: These results suggest that old adults are more resistant to the impact of negative stimuli, while they are equipped with enhanced attentional bias for positive stimuli. The implications of these results to the aging-related enhancement of positive affects were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxin Meng
- School of Education, Nanyang Normal College Nanyang, China
| | - Jiemin Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University Chongqing, China
| | - A Yan Cai
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Sheng Ding
- School of Education, Nanyang Normal College Nanyang, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- School of Education, Nanyang Normal College Nanyang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Research Centre for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Jin Yuan
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University Chongqing, China
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Zhu C, He W, Qi Z, Wang L, Song D, Zhan L, Yi S, Luo Y, Luo W. The time course of emotional picture processing: an event-related potential study using a rapid serial visual presentation paradigm. Front Psychol 2015. [PMID: 26217276 PMCID: PMC4497308 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study recorded event-related potentials using rapid serial visual presentation paradigm to explore the time course of emotionally charged pictures. Participants completed a dual-target task as quickly and accurately as possible, in which they were asked to judge the gender of the person depicted (task 1) and the valence (positive, neutral, or negative) of the given picture (task 2). The results showed that the amplitudes of the P2 component were larger for emotional pictures than they were for neutral pictures, and this finding represents brain processes that distinguish emotional stimuli from non-emotional stimuli. Furthermore, positive, neutral, and negative pictures elicited late positive potentials with different amplitudes, implying that the differences between emotions are recognized. Additionally, the time course for emotional picture processing was consistent with the latter two stages of a three-stage model derived from studies on emotional facial expression processing and emotional adjective processing. The results of the present study indicate that in the three-stage model of emotion processing, the middle and late stages are more universal and stable, and thus occur at similar time points when using different stimuli (faces, words, or scenes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlin Zhu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian China
| | - Weiqi He
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian China
| | - Zhengyang Qi
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Educational Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaiyin China
| | - Dongqing Song
- School of Education Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian China
| | - Shengnan Yi
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian China
| | - Yuejia Luo
- Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen China
| | - Wenbo Luo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian China ; Laboratory of Cognition and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing China
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Zhang X, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Lou L, Ding D. Different timing features in brain processing of core and moral disgust pictures: an event-related potentials study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128531. [PMID: 26011635 PMCID: PMC4444107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Disgust, an emotion motivating withdrawal from offensive stimuli, protects us from the risk of biological pathogens and sociomoral violations. Homogeneity of its two types, namely, core and moral disgust has been under intensive debate. To examine the dynamic relationship between them, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) for core disgust, moral disgust and neutral pictures while participants performed a modified oddball task. ERP analysis revealed that N1 and P2 amplitudes were largest for the core disgust pictures, indicating automatic processing of the core disgust-evoking pictures. N2 amplitudes were higher for pictures evoking moral disgust relative to core disgust and neutral pictures, reflecting a violation of social norms. The core disgust pictures elicited larger P3 and late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes in comparison with the moral disgust pictures which, in turn, elicited larger P3 and LPP amplitudes when compared to the neutral pictures. Taken together, these findings indicated that core and moral disgust pictures elicited different neural activities at various stages of information processing, which provided supporting evidence for the heterogeneity of disgust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cognition and Human Behavior of Hunan Province, Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Youxue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Liandi Lou
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daoqun Ding
- Key Laboratory for Cognition and Human Behavior of Hunan Province, Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Yuan J, Long Q, Ding N, Lou Y, Liu Y, Yang J. Suppression dampens unpleasant emotion faster than reappraisal: Neural dynamics in a Chinese sample. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 58:480-91. [PMID: 25316046 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The timing dynamics of regulating negative emotion with expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal were investigated in a Chinese sample. Event-Related Potentials were recorded while subjects were required to view, suppress emotion expression to, or reappraise emotional pictures. The results showed a similar reduction in self-reported negative emotion during both strategies. Additionally, expressive suppression elicited larger amplitudes than reappraisal in central-frontal P3 component (340-480 ms). More importantly, the Late Positive Potential (LPP) amplitudes were decreased in each 200 ms of the 800-1600 ms time intervals during suppression vs. viewing conditions. In contrast, LPP amplitudes were similar for reappraisal and viewing conditions in all the time windows, except for the decreased amplitudes during reappraisal in the 1400-1600 ms. The LPP (but not P3) amplitudes were positively related to negative mood ratings, whereas the amplitudes of P3, rather than LPP, predict self-reported expressive suppression. These results suggest that expressive suppression decreases emotion responding more rapidly than reappraisal, at the cost of greater cognitive resource involvements in Chinese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaJin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China,
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13
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Gong J, Yuan J, Wang S, Shi L, Cui X, Luo X. Feedback-related negativity in children with two subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99570. [PMID: 24932610 PMCID: PMC4059686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current model of ADHD suggests abnormal reward and punishment sensitivity, although differences in ADHD subgroups are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of feedback valence (reward or punishment) and punishment magnitude (small or large) on Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) and Late Positive Potential (LPP) in two subtypes of ADHD (ADHD-C and ADHD-I) compared to typically developing children (TD) during a children's gambling task. METHODS Children with ADHD-C (n = 16), children with ADHD-I (n = 15) and typically developing children (n = 15) performed a children's gambling task under three feedback conditions: large losses, small losses and gains. FRN and LPP components in brain potentials were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS In TD children and children with ADHD-C, large loss feedback evoked more negative FRN amplitudes than small loss feedback, suggesting that brain sensitivity to the punishment and its magnitude is not impaired in children with ADHD-C. In contrast to these two groups, the FRN effect was absent in children with ADHD-I. The LPP amplitudes were larger in children with ADHD-C in comparison with those with ADHD-I, regardless of feedback valence and magnitude. CONCLUSION Children with ADHD-C exhibit intact brain sensitivity to punishment similar to TD children. In contrast, children with ADHD-I are significantly impaired in neural sensitivity to the feedback stimuli and in particular, to punishment, compared to TD and ADHD-C children. Thus, FRN, rather than LPP, is a reliable index of the difference in reward and punishment sensitivity across different ADHD-subcategories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Gong
- Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine University of Hunan, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jiajin Yuan
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Suhong Wang
- Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neuroscience, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Shi
- Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xilong Cui
- Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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