1
|
Dubashynskaya NV, Raik SV, Dubrovskii YA, Demyanova EV, Shcherbakova ES, Poshina DN, Shasherina AY, Anufrikov YA, Skorik YA. Hyaluronan/Diethylaminoethyl Chitosan Polyelectrolyte Complexes as Carriers for Improved Colistin Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8381. [PMID: 34445088 PMCID: PMC8395075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the therapeutic characteristics of antibiotics is an effective strategy for controlling the growth of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to develop a colistin (CT) delivery system based on hyaluronic acid (HA) and the water-soluble cationic chitosan derivative, diethylaminoethyl chitosan (DEAECS). The CT delivery system was a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) obtained by interpolymeric interactions between the HA polyanion and the DEAECS polycation, with simultaneous inclusion of positively charged CT molecules into the resulting complex. The developed PEC had a hydrodynamic diameter of 210-250 nm and a negative surface charge (ζ-potential = -19 mV); the encapsulation and loading efficiencies were 100 and 16.7%, respectively. The developed CT delivery systems were characterized by modified release (30-40% and 85-90% of CT released in 15 and 60 min, respectively) compared to pure CT (100% CT released in 15 min). In vitro experiments showed that the encapsulation of CT in polysaccharide carriers did not reduce its antimicrobial activity, as the minimum inhibitory concentrations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa of both encapsulated CT and pure CT were 1 μg/mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natallia V. Dubashynskaya
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.V.D.); (S.V.R.); (D.N.P.)
| | - Sergei V. Raik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.V.D.); (S.V.R.); (D.N.P.)
| | - Yaroslav A. Dubrovskii
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova 2, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii 26, Peterhof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.Y.S.); (Y.A.A.)
- Research and Training Center of Molecular and Cellular Technologies, St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Prof. Popova 14, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V. Demyanova
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Pudozhsakya 7, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.V.D.); (E.S.S.)
| | - Elena S. Shcherbakova
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Pudozhsakya 7, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.V.D.); (E.S.S.)
| | - Daria N. Poshina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.V.D.); (S.V.R.); (D.N.P.)
| | - Anna Y. Shasherina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii 26, Peterhof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.Y.S.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Yuri A. Anufrikov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii 26, Peterhof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.Y.S.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Yury A. Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.V.D.); (S.V.R.); (D.N.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sepsis is a common condition in critically ill patients and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Sepsis is the result of infection by many potential pathogens, including Gram-negative bacteria. There are no specific antisepsis therapies and management relies largely on infection control and organ support, including hemodynamic stabilization. We discuss these key aspects and briefly mention potential immunomodulatory strategies. RECENT FINDINGS New aspects of sepsis management include the realization that early treatment is important and that fluids and vasopressor agents should be administered simultaneously to insure rapid restoration of an adequate perfusion pressure to limit development and worsening of organ dysfunction. New immunomodulatory therapies, both suppressive and stimulatory, are being tested. SUMMARY Early diagnosis enabling rapid treatment can optimize outcomes. The multiple components of adequate sepsis management necessitate a team approach.
Collapse
|
3
|
Genotype B of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor is Related with Gastric Cancer Lesions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6104. [PMID: 29666399 PMCID: PMC5904182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells are important in innate immunity for their capacity to kill infected or cancer cells. The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are a family of polymorphic genes with inhibitory and activating functions. The main driving force for gastric cancer (GC) development is a chronic response, which causes an increase of NK cells in the gastric mucosa. The aim of this work was to study polymorphisms in KIR genes in patients with either GC or non-atrophic gastritis (NAG). We studied 242 patients (130 with NAG and 112 with GC) and contrasted with 146 asymptomatic individuals. We analyzed diversity in the content and localization of KIR genes in the different clinical groups studied. Four activating and one inhibitory genes were associated with GC: 2DS1 (OR 3.41), 2DS3 (OR 4.66), 2DS5 (OR 2.25), 3DS1 (OR 3.35) and 2DL5 (OR 3.6). The following were also found as risk factors for GC: Bx genotype (OR 4.2), Bx-Bx centromere-telomere (OR 2.55), cA01|cB03 (OR 36.39) and tB01|tB01 (OR 7.55) gene content and three B motifs (OR 10.9). Polymorphisms in KIR genes were associated with GC and suggest that mutated NK cells may contribute to GC development by increasing gastric mucosa inflammation, leading to constant tissue damage.
Collapse
|
4
|
Layunta E, Latorre E, Forcén R, Grasa L, Plaza MA, Arias M, Alcalde AI, Mesonero JE. NOD1 downregulates intestinal serotonin transporter and interacts with other pattern recognition receptors. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4183-4193. [PMID: 29030987 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is an essential gastrointestinal modulator whose effects regulate the intestinal physiology. 5-HT effects depend on extracellular 5-HT bioavailability, which is controlled by the serotonin transporter (SERT) expressed in both the apical and basolateral membranes of enterocytes. SERT is a critical target for regulating 5-HT levels and consequently, modulating the intestinal physiology. The deregulation of innate immune receptors has been extensively studied in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), where an exacerbated defense response to commensal microbiota is observed. Interestingly, many innate immune receptors seem to affect the serotonergic system, demonstrating a new way in which microbiota could modulate the intestinal physiology. Therefore, our aim was to analyze the effects of NOD1 activation on SERT function, as well as NOD1's interaction with other immune receptors such as TLR2 and TLR4. Our results showed that NOD1 activation inhibits SERT activity and expression in Caco-2/TC7 cells through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. A negative feedback between 5-HT and NOD1 expression was also described. The results showed that TLR2 and TLR4 activation seems to regulate NOD1 expression in Caco-2/TC7 cells. To assess the extend of cross-talk between NOD1 and TLRs, NOD1 expression was measured in the intestinal tract (ileum and colon) of wild type mice and mice with individual knockouts of TLR2, and TLR4 as well as double knockout TLR2/TLR4 mice. Hence, we demonstrate that NOD1 acts on the serotonergic system decreasing SERT activity and molecular expression. Additionally, NOD1 expression seems to be modulated by 5-HT and other immune receptors as TLR2 and TLR4. This study could clarify the relation between both the intestinal serotonergic system and innate immune system, and their implications in intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Layunta
- Departamento Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva Latorre
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Forcén
- Departamento Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Grasa
- Departamento Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A Plaza
- Departamento Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maykel Arias
- Biomedical Research Center of Aragon (CIBA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana I Alcalde
- Departamento Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José E Mesonero
- Departamento Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Latorre E, Layunta E, Grasa L, Pardo J, García S, Alcalde AI, Mesonero JE. Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 modulate intestinal IL-10 differently in ileum and colon. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 6:446-453. [PMID: 29774159 DOI: 10.1177/2050640617727180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel diseases are consequence of an intestinal homeostasis breakdown in which innate immune dysregulation is implicated. Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 are immune recognition receptors expressed in the intestinal epithelium, the first physical-physiological barrier for microorganisms, to inform the host of the presence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Interleukin (IL)-10 is an essential anti-inflammatory cytokine that contributes to maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Aim Our main aim was to investigate intestinal IL-10 synthesis and release, and whether TLR2 and TLR4 are determinants of IL-10 expression in the intestinal tract. Methods We used Caco-2 cell line as an enterocyte-like cell model, and also ileum and colon from mice deficient in TLR2, TLR4 or TLR2/4 to test the involvement of TLR signaling. Results Intestinal epithelial cells are able to synthesize and release IL-10 and their expression is increased after TLR2 or TLR4 activation. IL-10 regulation seems to be tissue specific, with IL-10 expression in the ileum regulated by a compensation between TLR2 and TLR4 expression, whereas in the colon, TLR2 and TLR4 affect IL-10 expression independently. Conclusions Intestinal epithelial cells could release IL-10 in response to TLR activation, playing an intestinal tissue-dependent and critical intestinal immune role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Latorre
- 1Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Departamento Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Layunta
- Departamento Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 - (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Grasa
- Departamento Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 - (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago García
- Servicio de Sistema Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Miguel Servet", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS) Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana I Alcalde
- Departamento Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José E Mesonero
- Departamento Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 - (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang S, Deng Z, Seneviratne CJ, Cheung GSP, Jin L, Zhao B, Zhang C. Enterococcus faecalis promotes osteoclastogenesis and semaphorin 4D expression. Innate Immun 2015; 21:726-35. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425915593162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is considered a major bacterial pathogen implicated in endodontic infections and contributes considerably to periapical periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms by which E. faecalis accounts for the bone destruction in periapical periodontitis in vitro. Osteoclast precursor RAW264.7 cells were treated with E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and a wild strain of E. faecalis derived clinically from an infected root canal. The results showed that, to some extent, E. faecalis induced the RAW264.7 cells to form tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated osteoclast-like cells. This pathogen markedly stimulated RAW264.7 cells to express semaphorin 4D (Sema4D), which inhibits bone formation. Once RAW264.7 cells were primed by low-dose receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), E. faecalis could significantly increase the production of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and up-regulate the expression of osteoclast-specific markers, including NFATc1, TRAP and cathepsin K. Both p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathways were activated by E. faecalis in RANKL-primed RAW264.7 cells, and meanwhile the expression of Sema4D was highly increased. In conclusion, E. faecalis may greatly contribute to the bone resorption in periapical periodontitis by promoting RANKL-dependent osteoclastogenesis and expression of Sema4D through activation of p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Endodontics, Comprehensive Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zuhui Deng
- Endodontics, Comprehensive Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Gary SP Cheung
- Endodontics, Comprehensive Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Baohong Zhao
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Endodontics, Comprehensive Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|