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Yan W, Kan X, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Expression of key genes involved in lipid deposition in intramuscular adipocytes of sheep under high glucose conditions. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:444-452. [PMID: 35754149 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The intramuscular fat (IMF) content in sheep is associated with IMF deposition, which is affected by intramuscular adipocyte hypertrophy. In this study, we established an in vitro high glucose model of intramuscular adipocytes of sheep to investigate the expression of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) gene, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) gene, lipid metabolism-associated genes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase [ACC], fatty acid synthase [FAS], and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 [SCD1]), and transcription factors (liver X receptor [LXRα]), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 [SREBF-1], and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein [ChREBP]) as well as the changes in the lipid and triglyceride (TG) levels in intramuscular adipocytes. The results showed that the differentiated mature adipocytes had a spherical shape, and the number and volume of the lipid droplets gradually increased over time under high glucose conditions. The lipid and TG levels in intramuscular adipocytes of sheep continuously increased under high glucose conditions. Furthermore, CB1, FABP4, ACC, FAS, SCD1, LXRα, SREBF-1, and ChREBP were highly expressed under high glucose conditions, suggesting that the energetic nutrients also affect the expression of the CB1 gene, which works in coordination with lipid metabolism-associated genes and are beneficial for lipid deposition in the intramuscular adipocytes of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Kan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, Kashi, China
| | - Yonghao Zhang
- College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, Kashi, China
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2
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Mutlu B, Puigserver P. Controversies surrounding peripheral cannabinoid receptor 1 in fatty liver disease. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:154147. [PMID: 34779413 DOI: 10.1172/jci154147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB-1) antagonists are potential candidates for treating obesity and metabolic complications. Despite clear metabolic benefits, unwanted side effects in the brain pose issues for patients. With the hope of overcoming this obstacle, CB-1 in peripheral tissues has become a potential drug target. Previous studies had suggested that liver CB-1 would be an excellent target to prevent development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD). However, in this issue of the JCI, Wang et al. showed that CB-1 was barely detectable in the liver and deletion of CB-1 in hepatocytes provided no metabolic benefits against NAFLD. These contradictory results raise substantial concerns about the potential benefits of peripheral CB-1 blockers against NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beste Mutlu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Guibourdenche M, El Khayat El Sabbouri H, Bonnet F, Djekkoun N, Khorsi-Cauet H, Corona A, Guibourdenche J, Bach V, Anton PM, Gay-Quéheillard J. Perinatal exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or a high-fat diet is associated with liver damage in male rat offspring. Cells Dev 2021; 166:203678. [PMID: 33994353 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic impairments in childhood are known to promote the development of type 2 diabetes and/or obesity in adulthood. These impairments may result from perinatal exposure to harmful environmental factors, such as pesticide residues or the consumption of a "western" diet. In the present study, we sought to determine whether an obesogenic profile, metabolic disorders and liver damage in offspring (observed during young adulthood) were related to maternal exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and/or a high-fat diet (HFD) starting 4 months before conception and ending at weaning. After the end of exposure, 51 male rat pups were left to develop under normal conditions and were studied in young adulthood. Despite the absence of direct exposure to harmful factors (other than through the dam's milk), maternal exposure to CPF or an HFD was associated with changes in the offspring's metabolic activity in the liver in the offspring. This indirect exposure to CPF was associated with a relative reduction in the expression of genes coding for enzymes involved in lipid or glucose metabolism but did induce histopathological changes in the offspring at adulthood. Maternal exposure to an HFD alone or to CPF alone gave similar results in offspring, changes in the same direction. Exposure of the mother to HFD did not exacerbate CPF effects. Co-exposure to both CPF and HFD did not increase the observed effects compared to each factor taken separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Guibourdenche
- Laboratoire PériTox-INERIS UMR_I 01, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, Beauvais, France
| | | | - Fidéline Bonnet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Hormonale, CHU Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Paris. France
| | - Narimane Djekkoun
- Laboratoire PériTox-INERIS UMR_I 01, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Hafida Khorsi-Cauet
- Laboratoire PériTox-INERIS UMR_I 01, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Aurélie Corona
- Laboratoire PériTox-INERIS UMR_I 01, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Jean Guibourdenche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Hormonale, CHU Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Paris. France
| | - Véronique Bach
- Laboratoire PériTox-INERIS UMR_I 01, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Pauline M Anton
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, Beauvais, France
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Wang X, Ma B, Chen J, You H, Sheng C, Yang P, Qu S. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Improves Fatty Liver and Enhances Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue via Inhibiting BMP4-Related Signaling Pathway in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:6620289. [PMID: 33986800 PMCID: PMC8093078 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6620289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist is effective in decreasing blood glucose and body weight. It could improve fatty liver with unclear mechanisms. Hence, we aimed to explore whether GLP-1 could improve fatty liver by regulating the BMP4-related signaling pathway. METHODS Fifteen C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Group A and Group B were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce fatty liver while Group C was fed with a regular diet (RD) for 24 weeks. Group A and Group B received a subcutaneous injection of exenatide and vehicle (0.9% NaCl), respectively, once daily at doses of 10 nmol/kg during the last 8 weeks. Bodyweight, liver weight, and lipid levels were measured. Histological analyses of liver tissue were performed. The expression of protein and gene measured by western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was compared. RESULTS Eight-week exenatide treatment significantly decreased body weight in Group A (from 44.08 ± 2.89 g to 39.22 ± 1.88 g, P = 0.045). Group A had lower body weight and liver weight than Group B at 24 weeks (39.22 ± 1.88 g vs. 47.34 ± 2.43 g, P = 0.001 and 1.70 ± 0.20 g vs. 2.48 ± 0.19 g, P = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, Group A showed significantly less liver steatosis than Group B. Additionally, Group A led to slightly decreased serum triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (TC) levels compared to Group B. Western blotting showed that exenatide could prevent HFD-induced upregulation of BMP4 levels and downstream activation of Smad1/5/8 and the P38 MAPK signaling pathway in the liver. Furthermore, exenatide treatment could reduce BMP4 and enhance UCP-1 (an important thermogenin) in brown adipose tissue (BAT). CONCLUSION Exenatide could improve HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and enhance thermogenesis in BAT, which may be partly attributed to the inhibition of the BMP4-related signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchun Wang
- Thyriod Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Bingwei Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui You
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chunjun Sheng
- Thyriod Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Thyriod Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Thyriod Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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A combined healthy strategy for successful weight loss, weight maintenance and improvement of hepatic lipid metabolism. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 85:108456. [PMID: 32810797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is critically related with the development of metabolic and pathophysiological alterations among which non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is of especial relevance. Although there are numerous strategies to successfully treat obesity, the prevention of weight regain still remains challenging for individuals who have undergone weight loss programs. In such context, diet and physical activity are considered essential for the regulation of body weight and lipid metabolism. In this study, rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity and alterations in hepatic lipid metabolism. Obese rats were then treated with single or combined strategies of caloric restriction, physical exercise, and/or pharmacological treatment with an appetite suppressant, to lose weight, reverse the obesity-related alterations in hepatic morphology and lipid metabolism and maintain the beneficial effects of the interventions used. HFD induced excess body weight, hepatic steatosis, altered fatty acid profile, dysregulated gene expression of lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes, as well as plasma markers of liver damage, and modifications in liver antioxidant enzyme activity. Such alterations were ameliorated by caloric restriction in combination with a mixed training protocol and/or food-intake inhibitor administration during a weight loss intervention period of 3 weeks, and the beneficial effects remained after 6 weeks of weight maintenance, with some interesting interactions observed. In conclusion, weight loss strategies assayed were efficient at correcting the obesogenic action of a HFD and related alterations in hepatic functionality through different molecular mechanisms. The beneficial effects were also evident along the post-intervention maintenance period to avoid body weight regain.
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Adipocyte cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency alleviates high fat diet-induced memory deficit, depressive-like behavior, neuroinflammation and impairment in adult neurogenesis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 110:104418. [PMID: 31491589 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a low-grade inflammation condition that facilitates the development of numerous comorbidities and the dysregulation of brain homeostasis. Additionally, obesity also causes distinct behavioral alterations both in humans and rodents. Here, we investigated the effect of inducible genetic deletion of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) in adipocytes (Ati-CB1-KO mice) on obesity-induced memory deficits, depressive-like behavior, neuroinflammation and adult neurogenesis. METHODS Behavioral, mRNA expression and immunohistochemical studies were performed in Ati-CB1-KO mice and corresponding wild-type controls under standard and high-fat diet. RESULTS Adipocyte-specific CB1 deletion reversed metabolic disturbances associated with an obese condition confirming previous studies. As compared to obese mice, the metabolic amelioration in Ati-CB1-KO mice was associated with an improvement of mood-related behavior and recognition memory, concomitantly with an increase in cell proliferation in metabolic relevant neurogenic niches in hippocampus and hypothalamus. In mutant mice, these changes were related to an increased neuronal maturation/survival in the hippocampus. Furthermore, CB1 deletion in adipocytes was sufficient to reduce obesity-induced inflammation, gliosis and apoptosis in a brain region-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS Overall our data provide compelling evidence of the physiological relevance of the adipocyte-brain crosstalk where adipocyte-specific CB1 influences obesity-related cognitive deficits and depression-like behavior, concomitantly with brain remodeling, such as adult neurogenesis and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and hypothalamus.
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Decara J, Arrabal S, Beiroa D, Rivera P, Vargas A, Serrano A, Pavón FJ, Ballesteros J, Dieguez C, Nogueiras R, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Suárez J. Antiobesity efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide is associated with peripheral tissue-specific modulation of lipid metabolic regulators. Biofactors 2016; 42:600-611. [PMID: 27213962 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in peripheral lipid metabolism. Both lean and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity (DIO) rats were used to compare the peripheral effects of the subcutaneous and repeated administration of the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide on the expression of key regulators involved in lipid metabolism, β-oxidation and thermogenesis in liver, abdominal muscle, and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). We observed that liraglutide reduced caloric intake, body weight, and plasma levels of triglycerides and VLDL in a diet-independent manner. However, changes in liver fat content and the expression of lipid metabolism regulators were produced in a diet and tissue-dependent manner. In lean rats, liraglutide increased the gene/protein expression of elements involved in lipogenesis (ChREBP, Acaca/ACC, Fasn/FAS, Scd1/SCD1, PPARα/γ), β-oxidation (CPT1b), and thermogenesis (Cox4i1, Ucp1/UCP1) in eWAT and muscle, which suggest an increase in fatty-acid flux and utilization to activate energy expenditure. Regarding DIO rats, the specific reduction of liver lipid content by liraglutide was associated with a decreased expression of main elements involved in lipogenesis (phospho-ACC), peroxisomal β-oxidation (ACOX1), and lipid flux/storage (Pparγ/PPARγ) in liver, which suggest a recovery of lipid homeostasis. Interestingly, the muscle of DIO rats treated with liraglutide showed a decreased expression of PPARγ and the thermogenic factor UCP1. These results help us to better understand the peripheral mechanisms regulating lipid metabolism that underlay the effectiveness of GLP-1 analogues for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):600-611, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Decara
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto De Investigación Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad De Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional De Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón De Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Arrabal
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto De Investigación Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad De Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional De Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón De Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS, University of Santiago De Compostela-Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco S/N, 15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia Rivera
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto De Investigación Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad De Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional De Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón De Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Vargas
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto De Investigación Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad De Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional De Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón De Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto De Investigación Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad De Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional De Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón De Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto De Investigación Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad De Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional De Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón De Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Ballesteros
- Parque Científico Madrid (PCM), VIVIA Biotech SL, 1 Calle Santiago Grisolia, Suite 205, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS, University of Santiago De Compostela-Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco S/N, 15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS, University of Santiago De Compostela-Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco S/N, 15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto De Investigación Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad De Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional De Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón De Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto De Investigación Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad De Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional De Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón De Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Ramírez-López MT, Arco R, Decara J, Vázquez M, Noemí Blanco R, Alén F, Suárez J, Gómez de Heras R, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. Exposure to a Highly Caloric Palatable Diet during the Perinatal Period Affects the Expression of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System in the Brain, Liver and Adipose Tissue of Adult Rat Offspring. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165432. [PMID: 27806128 PMCID: PMC5091916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have linked gestational exposure to highly caloric diets with a disrupted endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS). In the present study, we have extended these studies by analyzing the impact of the exposure to a palatable diet during gestation and lactation on a) the adult expression of endocannabinoid-related behaviors, b) the metabolic profile of adult offspring and c) the mRNA expression of the signaling machinery of the ECS in the hypothalamus, the liver and the adipose tissue of adult offspring of both sexes. Exposure to a palatable diet resulted in a) sex-dimorphic and perinatal diet specific feeding behaviors, including the differential response to the inhibitory effects of the cannabinoid receptor inverse agonist AM251, b) features of metabolic syndrome including increased adiposity, hyperleptinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia and c) tissue and sex-specific changes in the expression of both CB1 and CB2 receptors and in that of the endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes FAAH and MAGL, being the adipose tissue the most affected organ analyzed. Since the effects were observed in adult animals that were weaned while consuming a normal diet, the present results indicate that the ECS is one of the targets of maternal programming of the offspring energy expenditure. These results clearly indicate that the maternal diet has long-term effects on the development of pups through multiple alterations of signaling homeostatic pathways that include the ECS. The potential relevance of these alterations for the current obesity epidemic is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Ramírez-López
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas s/n, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Arco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mariam Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosario Noemí Blanco
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas s/n, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Alén
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Gómez de Heras
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas s/n, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
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9
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Kodani SD, Overby HB, Morisseau C, Chen J, Zhao L, Hammock BD. Parabens inhibit fatty acid amide hydrolase: A potential role in paraben-enhanced 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Toxicol Lett 2016; 262:92-99. [PMID: 27659731 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are a class of small molecules that are regularly used as preservatives in a variety of personal care products. Several parabens, including butylparaben and benzylparaben, have been found to interfere with endocrine signaling and to stimulate adipocyte differentiation. We hypothesized these biological effects could be due to interference with the endocannabinoid system and identified fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) as the direct molecular target of parabens. FAAH inhibition by parabens yields mixed-type and time-independent kinetics. Additionally, structure activity relationships indicate FAAH inhibition is selective for the paraben class of compounds and the more hydrophobic parabens have higher potency. Parabens enhanced 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation in a dose dependent fashion, different from two other FAAH inhibitors URB597 and PF622. Moreover, parabens, URB597 and PF622 all failed to enhance AEA-induced differentiation. Furthermore, rimonabant, a cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1)-selective antagonist, did not attenuate paraben-induced adipocyte differentiation. Thus, adipogenesis mediated by parabens likely occurs through modulation of endocannabinoids, but cell differentiation is independent of direct activation of CB1 by endocannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Haley B Overby
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jiangang Chen
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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10
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Lipina C, Hundal HS. Modulation of cellular redox homeostasis by the endocannabinoid system. Open Biol 2016; 6:150276. [PMID: 27248801 PMCID: PMC4852457 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute two key cellular signalling systems that participate in the modulation of diverse cellular functions. Importantly, growing evidence suggests that cross-talk between these two prominent signalling systems acts to modulate functionality of the ECS as well as redox homeostasis in different cell types. Herein, we review and discuss evidence pertaining to ECS-induced regulation of ROS generating and scavenging mechanisms, as well as highlighting emerging work that supports redox modulation of ECS function. Functionally, the studies outlined reveal that interactions between the ECS and ROS signalling systems can be both stimulatory and inhibitory in nature, depending on cell stimulus, the source of ROS species and cell context. Importantly, such cross-talk may act to maintain cell function, whereas abnormalities in either system may propagate and undermine the stability of both systems, thereby contributing to various pathologies associated with their dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lipina
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Harinder S Hundal
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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Pharmacological Blockade of Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors in Diet-Induced Obesity Regulates Mitochondrial Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase in Muscle. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145244. [PMID: 26671069 PMCID: PMC4682857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid CB1 receptors peripherally modulate energy metabolism. Here, we investigated the role of CB1 receptors in the expression of glucose/pyruvate/tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolism in rat abdominal muscle. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), a flavoprotein component (E3) of α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes with diaphorase activity in mitochondria, was specifically analyzed. After assessing the effectiveness of the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (3 mg kg-1, 14 days) on food intake and body weight, we could identified seven key enzymes from either glycolytic pathway or TCA cycle—regulated by both diet and CB1 receptor activity—through comprehensive proteomic approaches involving two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/LC-ESI trap mass spectrometry. These enzymes were glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), enolase (Eno3), lactate dehydrogenase (LDHa), glyoxalase-1 (Glo1) and the mitochondrial DLD, whose expressions were modified by AM251 in hypercaloric diet-induced obesity. Specifically, AM251 blocked high-carbohydrate diet (HCD)-induced expression of GPI, TPI, Eno3 and LDHa, suggesting a down-regulation of glucose/pyruvate/lactate pathways under glucose availability. AM251 reversed the HCD-inhibited expression of Glo1 and DLD in the muscle, and the DLD and CB1 receptor expression in the mitochondrial fraction. Interestingly, we identified the presence of CB1 receptors at the membrane of striate muscle mitochondria. DLD over-expression was confirmed in muscle of CB1-/- mice. AM251 increased the pyruvate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase activity in C2C12 myotubes, and the diaphorase/oxidative activity in the mitochondria fraction. These results indicated an up-regulation of methylglyoxal and TCA cycle activity. Findings suggest that CB1 receptors in muscle modulate glucose/pyruvate/lactate pathways and mitochondrial oxidative activity by targeting DLD.
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12
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Schöttl T, Kappler L, Fromme T, Klingenspor M. Limited OXPHOS capacity in white adipocytes is a hallmark of obesity in laboratory mice irrespective of the glucose tolerance status. Mol Metab 2015; 4:631-42. [PMID: 26413469 PMCID: PMC4563017 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several human and rodent obesity studies speculate on a causal link between altered white adipocyte mitochondria in the obese state and changes in glucose homeostasis. We here aimed to dissect whether alterations in white adipocyte mitochondrial respiratory function are a specific phenomenon of obesity or impaired glucose tolerance or both. METHODS Mature white adipocytes were purified from posterior subcutaneous and intraabdominal epididymal fat of four murine obesity models characterized by either impaired or normal oral glucose tolerance. Bioenergetic profiles, including basal, leak, and maximal respiration, were generated using high-resolution respirometry. Cell respiratory control ratios were calculated to evaluate mitochondrial respiratory function. RESULTS Maximal respiration capacity and cell respiratory control ratios were diminished in white adipocytes of each of the four murine obesity models, both in the absence and the presence of impaired glucose tolerance. Limitation was more pronounced in adipocytes of intraabdominal versus subcutaneous fat. CONCLUSION Reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity in white adipocytes is a hallmark of murine obesity irrespective of the glucose tolerance status. Impaired respiratory capacity in white adipocytes solely is not sufficient for the development of systemic glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Freising, Germany
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13
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Vida M, Gavito AL, Pavón FJ, Bautista D, Serrano A, Suarez J, Arrabal S, Decara J, Romero-Cuevas M, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Baixeras E. Chronic administration of recombinant IL-6 upregulates lipogenic enzyme expression and aggravates high-fat-diet-induced steatosis in IL-6-deficient mice. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:721-31. [PMID: 26035386 PMCID: PMC4486858 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.019166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has emerged as an important mediator of fatty acid metabolism with paradoxical effects in the liver. Administration of IL-6 has been reported to confer protection against steatosis, but plasma and tissue IL-6 concentrations are elevated in chronic liver diseases, including fatty liver diseases associated with obesity and alcoholic ingestion. In this study, we further investigated the role of IL-6 on steatosis induced through a high-fat diet (HFD) in wild-type (WT) and IL-6-deficient (IL-6−/−) mice. Additionally, HFD-fed IL-6−/− mice were also chronically treated with recombinant IL-6 (rIL-6). Obesity in WT mice fed a HFD associated with elevated serum IL-6 levels, fatty liver, upregulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), increased AMP kinase phosphorylation (p-AMPK), and downregulation of the hepatic lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1). The HFD-fed IL-6−/− mice showed severe steatosis, no changes in CPT1 levels or AMPK activity, no increase in STAT3 amounts, inactivated STAT3, and marked downregulation of the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCα/β), FAS and SCD1. The IL-6 chronic replacement in HFD-fed IL-6−/− mice restored hepatic STAT3 and AMPK activation but also increased the expression of the lipogenic enzymes ACCα/β, FAS and SCD1. Furthermore, rIL-6 administration was associated with aggravated steatosis and elevated fat content in the liver. We conclude that, in the context of HFD-induced obesity, the administration of rIL-6 might contribute to the aggravation of fatty liver disease through increasing lipogenesis. Summary: The administration of rIL-6 might contribute to the aggravation of fatty liver disease through increasing lipogenesis in HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Vida
- Laboratorio de Investigación, IBIMA/Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Spain Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Luisa Gavito
- Laboratorio de Investigación, IBIMA/Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Spain Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Laboratorio de Investigación, IBIMA/Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Spain Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Dolores Bautista
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Laboratorio de Investigación, IBIMA/Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Spain Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suarez
- Laboratorio de Investigación, IBIMA/Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Spain Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Sergio Arrabal
- Laboratorio de Investigación, IBIMA/Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Spain Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Laboratorio de Investigación, IBIMA/Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero-Cuevas
- Laboratorio de Investigación, IBIMA/Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Investigación, IBIMA/Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Spain Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Elena Baixeras
- Laboratorio de Investigación, IBIMA/Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Spain Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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