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Wang T, Wang C, Pang L, Zhang Y, Wang S, Liang X, Huang Z. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated coxsackievirus B4 viral particles. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2337665. [PMID: 38551145 PMCID: PMC11000607 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2337665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) is associated with a range of acute and chronic diseases such as hand, foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis, meningitis, pancreatitis, and type 1 diabetes, affecting millions of young children annually around the world. However, no vaccine is currently available for preventing CVB4 infection. Here, we report the development of inactivated viral particle vaccines for CVB4. Two types of inactivated CVB4 particles were prepared from CVB4-infected cell cultures as vaccine antigens, including F-particle (also called mature virion) consisting of VP1, VP3, VP2, and VP4 subunit proteins, and E-particle (also called empty capsid) which is made of VP1, VP3, and uncleaved VP0. Both the inactivated CVB4 F-particle and E-particle were able to potently elicit neutralizing antibodies in mice, despite slightly lower neutralizing antibody titres seen with the E-particle vaccine after the third immunization. Importantly, we demonstrated that passive transfer of either anti-F-particle or anti-E-particle sera could completely protect the recipient mice from lethal CVB4 challenge. Our study not only defines the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated CVB4 F-particle and E-particle but also reveals the central role of neutralizing antibodies in anti-CVB4 protective immunity, thus providing important information that may accelerate the development of inactivated CVB4 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfeng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chiyuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Pang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhen Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Dai J, Xu D, Yang C, Wang H, Chen D, Lin Z, Qiu S, Zhang L, Li X, Tian X, Liu Q, Cui Y, Zhou R, Liu W. Severe pneumonia and pathogenic damage in human airway epithelium caused by Coxsackievirus B4. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2261560. [PMID: 37725516 PMCID: PMC10538465 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2261560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) has one of the highest proportions of fatal outcomes of other enterovirus serotypes. However, the pathogenesis of severe respiratory disease caused by CVB4 infection remains unclear. In this study, 3 of 42 (7.2%, GZ-R6, GZ-R7 and GZ-R8) patients with severe pneumonia tested positive for CVB4 infection in southern China. Three full-length genomes of pneumonia-derived CVB4 were sequenced and annotated for the first time, showing their high nucleotide similarity and clustering within genotype V. To analyze the pathogenic damage caused by CVB4 in the lungs, a well-differentiated human airway epithelium (HAE) was established and infected with the pneumonia-derived CVB4 isolate GZ-R6. The outcome was compared with that of a severe hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD)-derived CVB4 strain GZ-HFM01. Compared with HFMD-derived CVB4, pneumonia-derived CVB4 caused more intense and rapid disruption of HAE polarity, leading to tight-junction barrier disruption, loss of cilia, and airway epithelial cell hypertrophy. More pneumonia-derived CVB4 were released from the basolateral side of the HAE than HFMD-derived CVB4. Of the 18 cytokines tested, only IL-6 and IL-1b secretion significantly increased on bilateral sides of HAE during the early stage of pneumonia-derived CVB4 infection, while multiple cytokine secretions significantly increased in HFMD-derived CVB4-infected HAE. HFMD-derived CVB4 exhibited stronger neurovirulence in the human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y than pneumonia-derived CVB4, which is consistent with the clinical manifestations of patients infected with these two viruses. This study has increased the depth of our knowledge of severe pneumonia infection caused by CVB4 and will benefit its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Duo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Scientific Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dehui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengshi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Scientific Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenkuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Xiao J, Wang J, Lu H, Song Y, Sun D, Han Z, Li J, Yang Q, Yan D, Zhu S, Pei Y, Wang X, Xu W, Zhang Y. Genomic Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Global Coxsackievirus B4. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020569. [PMID: 36851788 PMCID: PMC9961479 DOI: 10.3390/v15020569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the global genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) and to propose future directions for disease surveillance. Next-generation sequencing was performed to obtain the complete genome sequence of CVB4, and the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of CVB4 worldwide were analyzed using bioinformatics methods such as phylogenetic analysis, evolutionary dynamics, and phylogeographic analysis. Forty complete genomes of CVB4 were identified from asymptomatic infected individuals and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) patients. Frequent recombination between CVB4 and EV-B multiple serotypes in the 3Dpol region was found and formed 12 recombinant patterns (A-L). Among these, the CVB4 isolated from asymptomatic infected persons and HFMD patients belonged to lineages H and I, respectively. Transmission dynamics analysis based on the VP1 region revealed that CVB4 epidemics in countries outside China were dominated by the D genotype, whereas the E genotype was dominant in China, and both genotypes evolved at a rate of > 6.50 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year. CVB4 spreads through the population unseen, with the risk of disease outbreaks persisting as susceptible individuals accumulate. Our findings add to publicly available CVB4 genomic sequence data and deepen our understanding of CVB4 molecular epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Xiao
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianxing Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Huanhuan Lu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yang Song
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dapeng Sun
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhenzhi Han
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jichen Li
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qian Yang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yaowen Pei
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xianjun Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence:
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4
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Yang Y, Liu G, Jia J, Zhong J, Yan R, Lin X, Zheng K, Zhu Q. In-vitro antiviral activity of doxepin hydrochloride against group B coxsackievirus. Virus Res 2022; 317:198816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Torii S, Corre MH, Miura F, Itamochi M, Haga K, Katayama K, Katayama H, Kohn T. Genotype-dependent kinetics of enterovirus inactivation by free chlorine and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118712. [PMID: 35691190 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inactivation kinetics of enterovirus by disinfection is often studied using a single laboratory strain of a given genotype. Environmental variants of enterovirus are genetically distinct from the corresponding laboratory strain, yet it is poorly understood how these genetic differences affect inactivation. Here we evaluated the inactivation kinetics of nine coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), ten coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4), and two echovirus 11 (E11) variants by free chlorine and ultraviolet irradiation (UV). The inactivation kinetics by free chlorine were genotype- (i.e., susceptibility: CVB5 < CVB3 ≈ CVB4 < E11) and genogroup-dependent and exhibited up to 15-fold difference among the tested viruses. In contrast, only minor (up to 1.3-fold) differences were observed in the UV inactivation kinetics. The differences in variability between the two disinfectants could be rationalized by their respective inactivation mechanisms: inactivation by UV mainly depends on the genomic size and composition, which was similar for all viruses tested, whereas free chlorine targets the viral capsid protein, which exhibited critical differences between genogroups and genotypes. Finally, we integrated the observed variability in inactivation rate constants into an expanded Chick-Watson model to estimate the overall inactivation of an enterovirus consortium. The results highlight that the distribution of inactivation rate constants and the abundance of each genotype are essential parameters to accurately predict the overall inactivation of an enterovirus population by free chlorine. We conclude that predictions based on inactivation data of a single variant or reference pathogen alone likely overestimate the true disinfection efficiency of free chlorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Torii
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Marie-Hélène Corre
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fuminari Miura
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime, Japan; Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Masae Itamochi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kei Haga
- Laboratory of Viral Infection, Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection, Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamar Kohn
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Xiao J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Sun D, Lu H, Han Z, Song Y, Yan D, Zhu S, Pei Y, Xu W, Wang X. Coxsackievirus B4: an underestimated pathogen associated with a hand, foot, and mouth disease outbreak. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2225-2234. [PMID: 34091782 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to discover the causes of a coxsackievirus B4 (CV-B4)-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreak and to study the evolutionary characteristics of the virus, we sequenced isolates obtained during an outbreak for comparative analysis with previously sequenced strains. Phylogenetic and evolutionary dynamics analysis was performed to examine the genetic characteristics of CV-B4 in China and worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CV-B4 originated from a common ancestor in Shandong. CV-B4 strains isolated worldwide could be classified into genotypes A-E based on the sequence of the VP1 region. All CV-B4 strains in China belonged to genotype E. The global population diversity of CV-B4 fluctuated substantially over time, and CV-B4 isolated in China accounted for a significant increase in the diversity of CV-B4. The average nucleotide substitution rate in VP1 of Chinese CV-B4 (5.20 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year) was slightly higher than that of global CV-B4 (4.82 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year). This study is the first to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of CV-B4 and its association with an HFMD outbreak. These findings explain both the 2011 outbreak and the global increase in CV-B4 diversity. In addition to improving our understanding of a major outbreak, these findings provide a basis for the development of surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Xiao
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxing Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dapeng Sun
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Lu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhi Han
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaowen Pei
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjun Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Guo W, Du M, Sun D, Zhao N, Hao Z, Wu R, Dong C, Sun X, Tian C, Gao L, Li H, Yu D, Niu M, Wu R, Sun J. The effect characteristics of temperature on stroke mortality in Inner Mongolia and globally. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:159-166. [PMID: 30565077 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the correlation between stroke mortality and temperature. Monthly and seasonal variations in stroke mortality were plotted and daily stroke-related deaths were calculated. The lag times were calculated using the time series analysis. The correlation between stroke incidence and the diurnal temperature range (DTR) was analyzed using case-crossover analysis. Global stroke mortality was described in five latitudes. In the eastern region of Inner Mongolia, the stroke mortality was 174.18/105, about twice of that of the midwestern regions (87.07/105), and temperature was negatively correlated with stroke mortality. Mortality peaked in the winter and troughed in the summer (χ2 = 13.634, P < 0.001). The days in which stroke-related deaths were greater than ten occurred between late October and early April. The effect of temperature on stroke incidence occurred during a lag time of 1 (P = 0.024) or 2 months (P = 0.039). A DTR over 13 °C was positively correlated (r = 0.95, P = 0.004) with stroke with a lag time of 1 day. The effect of temperature on stroke was shown to be the same for various populations. As the latitude increases, stroke mortality also increases with latitudes > 40°; the highest mortality was 188.05/105 at the highest latitude. Only in relatively cold regions as the temperature decreases does stroke mortality increase for various populations. Differences in the time lag as well as in the DTR lag and DTR critical point vary for both the temperature and region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Guo
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China
| | - Maolin Du
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 5, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Nengjun Zhao
- Affiliated People's Hospital Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Rina Wu
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 5, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | | | - Chunfang Tian
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China
| | - Liqun Gao
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 5, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 5, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Di Yu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 5, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Mingzhu Niu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 5, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ruijie Wu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 5, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 5, Xinhua Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
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8
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Pu X, Qian Y, Yu Y, Shen H. Echovirus plays a major role in natural recombination in the coxsackievirus B group. Arch Virol 2019; 164:853-860. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Molecular characterization of echovirus 12 strains isolated from healthy children in China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11716. [PMID: 30082917 PMCID: PMC6078983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human echovirus 12 (E-12) belongs to the enterovirus B species. To date, only one full-length genome sequence of E-12 (prototype strain Travis) is available in the GenBank database. This study determined the complete sequence of three E-12 strains, which were isolated from the stools of three healthy children in Yunnan, China, in 2013. We revealed that the three Yunnan E-12 strains had only 80.8-80.9% nucleotide identity and 96.4-96.8% amino acid identity with the Travis strain based on pairwise comparisons of the complete genome nucleotide and amino acid sequences. The three Yunnan strains shared 99.7% nucleotide identity and 99.1-99.5% amino acid similarity. Phylogenetic and similarity plot analyses showed that intertypic recombination occurred in the non-structural regions of the three Yunnan E-12 strains. This is the first report of the complete genome sequence of E-12 in China and it enriches the complete genome sequences of E-12 in the GenBank database.
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10
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Tian H, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Li X, Sun Q, Liu L, Zhao D, Xu B. Epidemiological and aetiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei province, China, 2009-2012. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176604. [PMID: 28486500 PMCID: PMC5423607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Large outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) have repeatedly occurred in mainland of China since 2007. In this study, we investigated the epidemiological and aetiological characteristics of HFMD in Shijiazhuang City, one of the biggest northern cities of China. A total of 57,173 clinical HFMD cases, including 911 severe and 32 fatal cases, were reported in Shijiazhuang City during 2009–2012. The disease incidence peaked during March–July, with a small increase in the number of cases observed in November of each year. Seventeen potential HFMD-causing enterovirus serotypes were detected, with the most frequent serotypes being EV-A71 and CV-A16. CV-A10 was also a frequently detected causative serotype, and was associated with the second largest number of severe HFMD cases, following EV-A71. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all EV-A71, CV-A16 and CV-A10 strains from Shijiazhuang City had co-evolved and co-circulated with those from other Chinese provinces. Our findings underscore the need for enhanced surveillance and molecular detection for HFMD, and suggest that EV-A71 vaccination may be an effective intervention strategy for HFMD prevention and vaccines against CV-A10 and CV-A16 are also urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Tian
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Shi
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Sun
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohong Xu
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Yang Q, Zhang Y, Yan D, Zhu S, Wang D, Ji T, Li X, Song Y, Gu X, Xu W. Two Genotypes of Coxsackievirus A2 Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Circulating in China since 2008. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169021. [PMID: 28030650 PMCID: PMC5193457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A2 (CV-A2) has been frequently detected and commonly associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in China since 2008. However, limited sequences of CV-A2 are currently available. As a result, we have been focusing on the genetic characteristics of CV-A2 in the mainland of China during 2008-2015 based on national HFMD surveillance. In this study, 20 CV-A2 strains were isolated and phylogenetic analyses of the VP1 sequences were performed. Full-length genome sequences of two representative CV-A2 isolates were acquired and similarity plot and bootscanning analyses were performed. The phylogenetic dendrogram indicated that all CV-A2 strains could be divided into four genotypes (Genotypes A-D). The CV-A2 prototype strain (Fleetwood) was the sole member of genotype A. From 2008 to 2015, the CV-A2 strains isolated in China dispersed into two different genotypes (B and D). And the genotype D became the dominant circulating strains in China. Strains isolated in Russia and India from 2005 to 2011 converged into genotype C. Intertypic recombination occurred between the Chinese CV-A2 strains and other enterovirus-A donor sequences. This result reconfirmed that recombination is a common phenomenon among enteroviruses. This study helps expand the numbers of whole virus genome sequence and entire VP1 sequence of CV-A2 in the GenBank database for further researcher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People′s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People′s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People′s Republic of China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People′s Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People′s Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Ji
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People′s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People′s Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People′s Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Gu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People′s Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People′s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Molecular epidemiology of coxsackievirus type B1. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2815-21. [PMID: 26243282 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus type B1 (CVB1) has emerged globally as the predominant enterovirus serotype and is associated with epidemics of meningitis and chronic diseases. In this report, the phylogeny of CVB1 was studied based on the VP1 sequences of 11 North African isolates and 81 published sequences. All CVB1 isolates segregated into four distinct genogroups and 10 genotypes. Most of the identified genotypes of circulating CVB1 strains appear to have a strict geographical specificity. The North African strains were of a single genotype and probably evolved distinctly. Using a relaxed molecular clock model and three different population models (constant population, exponential growth and Bayesian skyline demographic models) in coalescent analysis using the BEAST program, the substitution rate in CVB1 varied between 6.95 × 10(-3) and 7.37 × 10(-3) substitutions/site/year in the VP1 region. This study permits better identification of circulating CVB1, which has become one of the most predominant enterovirus serotypes in humans.
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Zhu Y, Pan Y, Chen J, Liu J, Chen W, Ma S. A Coxsackie B4 virus isolated in Yunnan in 2009 is a recombinant. Virus Genes 2015; 50:375-80. [PMID: 25725901 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-015-1185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B4 is a member of the species Enterovirus B in the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. So far, there are only seven complete genome sequences of CVB4 published in GenBank database. In the study, the complete genome analysis of a Coxsackievirus B4 strain A155/YN/CHN/2009 isolated from a child with aseptic meningitis in Yunnan Province was performed. It had 85.1 and 83.3 % nucleotide similarity with prototype strain J.V.B Benschoten in the VP1 region and the complete genome, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 region showed that A155/YN/CHN/2009 belongs to Genotype V circulating only in mainland of China. The results of Simplot and Bootscanning analysis implicated that A155 has recombined with other HEV-B viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanju Zhu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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14
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Recombination among human non-polio enteroviruses: implications for epidemiology and evolution. Virus Genes 2014; 50:177-88. [PMID: 25537948 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human enteroviruses (EV) belong to the Picornaviridae family and are among the most common viruses infecting humans. They consist of up to 100 immunologically and genetically distinct types: polioviruses, coxsackieviruses A and B, echoviruses, and the more recently characterized 43 EV types. Frequent recombinations and mutations in enteroviruses have been recognized as the main mechanisms for the observed high rate of evolution, thus enabling them to rapidly respond and adapt to new environmental challenges. The first signs of genetic exchanges between enteroviruses came from polioviruses many years ago, and since then recombination has been recognized, along with mutations, as the main cause for reversion of vaccine strains to neurovirulence. More recently, non-polio enteroviruses became the focus of many studies, where recombination was recognized as a frequent event and was correlated with the appearance of new enterovirus lineages and types. The accumulation of multiple inter- and intra-typic recombination events could also explain the series of successive emergences and disappearances of specific enterovirus types that could in turn explain the epidemic profile of circulation of several types. This review focuses on recombination among human non-polio enteroviruses from all four species (EV-A, EV-B, EV-C, and EV-D) and discusses the recombination effects on enterovirus epidemiology and evolution.
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