1
|
Bernard K, Dickson D, Anglin BL, Leandro Heien M, Polt R, Morrison HW, Falk T. PACAP glycosides promote cell outgrowth in vitro and reduce infarct size after stroke in a preclinical model. Neurosci Lett 2024; 836:137883. [PMID: 38914278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic peptide known to promote many beneficial processes following neural damage and cell death after stroke. Despite PACAP's known neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory properties, it has not realized its translational potential due to a poor pharmacokinetic profile (non-linear PK/PD), and limited Blood-Brain Barrier Penetration (BBB) permeability. We have previously shown that glycosylation of PACAP increases stability and enhances BBB penetration. In addition, our prior studies showed reduced neuronal cell death and neuroinflammation in models of Parkinson's disease and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). In this study we show that a PACAP(1-27) glucoside retains the known neurotrophic activity of native PACAP(1-27)in vitro and a 5-day daily treatment regimen (100 nM) leads to neurite-like extensions in PC12 cells. In addition, we show that intraperitoneal injection of a PACAP(1-27) lactoside (10 mg/kg) with improved BBB-penetration, given 1-hour after reperfusion in a Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model, reduces the infarct size after the ischemic injury in males significantly by ∼ 36 %, and the data suggest a dose-dependency. In conclusion, our data support further development of PACAP glycopeptides as promising novel drug candidates for the treatment of stroke, an area with an urgent clinical need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Bernard
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Denali Dickson
- College of Nursing, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Bobbi L Anglin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - M Leandro Heien
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Helena W Morrison
- College of Nursing, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Torsten Falk
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States; Department of Neurology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States; Department of Pharmacology, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Examination of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in Parkinson’s disease focusing on correlations with motor symptoms. GeroScience 2022; 44:785-803. [PMID: 35220508 PMCID: PMC9135934 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) have been shown in numerous in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) supporting the theory that PACAP could have an important role in the pathomechanism of the disorder affecting mostly older patients. Earlier studies found changes in PACAP levels in neurological disorders; therefore, the aim of our study was to examine PACAP in plasma samples of PD patients. Peptide levels were measured with ELISA and correlated with clinical parameters, age, stage of the disorder based on the Hoehn and Yahr (HY) scale, subtype of the disease, treatment, and specific scores measuring motor and non-motor symptoms, such as movement disorder society-unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Parkinson’s disease sleep scale (PDSS-2), and Beck depression inventory (BDI). Our results showed significantly decreased PACAP levels in PD patients without deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy and in akinetic-rigid subtype; additionally we also observed a further decrease in the HY stage 3 and 4. Elevated PACAP levels were found in patients with DBS. There were no significant correlations between PACAP level with MDS-UPDRS, type of pharmacological treatment, PDSS-2 sleepiness, or depression (BDI) scales, but we found increased PACAP level in patients with more severe sleepiness problems based on the ESS scale. Based on these results, we suggest that following the alterations of PACAP with other frequently used clinical biomarkers in PD patients might improve strategic planning of further therapeutic interventions and help to provide a clearer prognosis regarding the future perspective of the disease.
Collapse
|
3
|
White KA, Kim BN. Quantifying neurotransmitter secretion at single-vesicle resolution using high-density complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor electrode array. Nat Commun 2021; 12:431. [PMID: 33462204 PMCID: PMC7813837 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal exocytosis facilitates the propagation of information through the nervous system pertaining to bodily function, memory, and emotions. Using amperometry, the sub-millisecond dynamics of exocytosis can be monitored and the modulation of exocytosis due to drug treatment or neurodegenerative diseases can be studied. Traditional single-cell amperometry is a powerful technique for studying the molecular mechanisms of exocytosis, but it is both costly and labor-intensive to accumulate statistically significant data. To surmount these limitations, we have developed a silicon-based electrode array with 1024 on-chip electrodes that measures oxidative signal in 0.1 millisecond intervals. Using the developed device, we are able to capture the modulation of exocytosis due to Parkinson's disease treatment (L-Dopa), with statistical significance, within 30 total minutes of recording. The validation study proves our device's capability to accelerate the study of many pharmaceutical treatments for various neurodegenerative disorders that affect neurotransmitter secretion to a matter of minutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A White
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Brian N Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jungling A, Reglodi D, Maasz G, Zrinyi Z, Schmidt J, Rivnyak A, Horvath G, Pirger Z, Tamas A. Alterations of Nigral Dopamine Levels in Parkinson's Disease after Environmental Enrichment and PACAP Treatment in Aging Rats. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010035. [PMID: 33429934 PMCID: PMC7827131 DOI: 10.3390/life11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of environmental enrichment and PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) are well-described in Parkinson’s disease. The aim of our study is to investigate the beneficial effects of these factors in aging parkinsonian rats. Newborn Wistar rats were divided into standard and enriched groups according to their environmental conditions. Standard animals were raised under regular conditions. During the first five postnatal weeks, enriched pups were placed in larger cages with different objects. Aging animals received (1) saline, (2) 6-hydroxidopamine (6-OHDA), or (3) 6-OHDA + PACAP injections into the left substantia nigra (s.n.). On the seventh postoperative day, the left and right s.n. were collected. The s.n. of young and aging unoperated animals were also examined in our experiment. We determined the dopamine (DA) levels by the HPLC-MS technique, while the sandwich ELISA method was used to measure the Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7) protein levels. In healthy animals, we found an age-related decrease of DA levels. In aging parkinsonian-enriched rats, the operation did not result in a significant DA loss. PACAP treatment could prevent the DA loss in both the standard and enriched groups. All injured PACAP-treated rats showed remarkably higher protective PARK7 levels. The protective effect of PACAP correlated with the increase of the DA and PARK7 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Jungling
- MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (A.J.); (D.R.); (A.R.); (G.H.)
| | - Dora Reglodi
- MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (A.J.); (D.R.); (A.R.); (G.H.)
| | - Gabor Maasz
- MTA-OK BLI NAP_B Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-CER, 8237 Tihany, Hungary; (G.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zita Zrinyi
- MTA-OK BLI NAP_B Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-CER, 8237 Tihany, Hungary; (G.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.P.)
| | - Janos Schmidt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Adam Rivnyak
- MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (A.J.); (D.R.); (A.R.); (G.H.)
| | - Gabor Horvath
- MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (A.J.); (D.R.); (A.R.); (G.H.)
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- MTA-OK BLI NAP_B Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-CER, 8237 Tihany, Hungary; (G.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.P.)
| | - Andrea Tamas
- MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (A.J.); (D.R.); (A.R.); (G.H.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +36-72-536-001 (ext. 36421)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kreft M, Jorgačevski J, Stenovec M, Zorec R. Ångstrom-size exocytotic fusion pore: Implications for pituitary hormone secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 463:65-71. [PMID: 28457949 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past, vesicle content release was thought to occur immediately and completely after triggering of exocytosis. However, vesicles may merge with the plasma membrane to form an Ångstrom diameter fusion pore that prevents the exit of secretions from the vesicle lumen. The advantage of such a narrow pore is to minimize the delay between the trigger and the release. Instead of stimulating a sequence of processes, leading to vesicle merger with the plasma membrane and a formation of a fusion pore, the stimulus only widens the pre-established fusion pore. The fusion pore may be stable and may exhibit repetitive opening of the vesicle lumen to the cell exterior accompanied by a content discharge. Such release of vesicle content is partial (subquantal), and depends on fusion pore open time, diameter and the diffusibility of the cargo. Such transient mode of fusion pore opening was not confirmed until the development of the membrane capacitance patch-clamp technique, which enables high-resolution measurement of changes in membrane surface area. It allows millisecond dwell-time measurements of fusion pores with subnanometer diameters. Currently, the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins are considered to be key entities in end-stage exocytosis, and the SNARE complex assembly/disassembly may regulate the fusion pore. Moreover, lipids or other membrane constituents with anisotropic (non-axisymmetric) geometry may also favour the establishment of stable narrow fusion pores, if positioned in the neck of the fusion pore.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Kreft
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Jorgačevski
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Stenovec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Novel tactics for neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease: Role of antibiotics, polyphenols and neuropeptides. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 155:120-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
7
|
Santoro A, Nicolin V, Florenzano F, Rosati A, Capunzo M, Nori SL. BAG3 is involved in neuronal differentiation and migration. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:249-258. [PMID: 28144784 PMCID: PMC5397659 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) protein belongs to the family of co-chaperones interacting with several heat shock proteins. It plays a key role in protein quality control and mediates the clearance of misfolded proteins. Little is known about the expression and cellular localization of BAG3 during nervous system development and differentiation. Therefore, we analyze the subcellular distribution and expression of BAG3 in nerve-growth-factor-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and in developing and adult cortex of mouse brain. In differentiated PC12 cells, BAG3 was localized mainly in the neuritic domain rather than the cell body, whereas in control cells, it appeared to be confined to the cytoplasm near the nuclear membrane. Interestingly, the change of BAG3 localization during neuronal differentiation was associated only with a slight increase in total BAG3 expression. These data were coroborated by transmission electron microscopy showing that BAG3 was confined mainly within large dense-core vesicles of the axon in differentiated PC12 cells. In mouse developing cortex, BAG3 appeared to be intensely expressed in cellular processes of migrating cells, whereas in adult brain, a diffuse expression of low to medium intensity was detected in neuronal cell bodies. These findings suggest that BAG3 expression is required for neuronal differentiation and migration and that its role is linked to a change in its distribution pattern rather than to an increase in its protein expression levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Nicolin
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fulvio Florenzano
- Confocal microscopy unit, National Research Council, European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rosati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefania L Nori
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|