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Poonia P, Sharma M, Jha P, Chopra M. Pharmacophore-based virtual screening of ZINC database, molecular modeling and designing new derivatives as potential HDAC6 inhibitors. Mol Divers 2023; 27:2053-2071. [PMID: 36214962 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To date, many HDAC6 inhibitors have been identified and developed but none is clinically approved as of now. Through this study, we aim to obtain novel HDAC6 selective inhibitors and provide new insights into the detailed structural design of potential HDAC6 inhibitors. A HypoGen-based 3D QSAR HDAC6 pharmacophore was built and used as a query model to screen approximately 8 million ZINC database compounds. First, the ZINC Database was filtered using ADMET, followed by pharmacophore-based library screening. Using fit value and estimated activity cutoffs, a final set of 54 ZINC hits was obtained that were further investigated using molecular docking with the crystal structure of human histone deacetylase 6 catalytic domain 2 in complex with Trichostatin A (PDB ID: 5EDU). Through detailed in silico screening of the ZINC database, we shortlisted three hits as the lead molecules for designing novel HDAC6 inhibitors with better efficacy. Docking with 5EDU, followed by ADMET and TOPKAT analysis of modified ZINC hits provided 9 novel potential HDAC6 inhibitors that possess better docking scores and 2D interactions as compared to the control ZINC hit molecules. Finally, a 50 ns MD analysis run followed by Protein-Ligand Interaction Energy (PLIE) analysis of the top scored hits provided a novel molecule N1 that showed promisingly similar results to that of Ricolinostat (a known HDAC6 inhibitor). The comparable result of the designed hits to established HDAC6 inhibitors suggests that these compounds might prove to be successful HDAC6 inhibitors in future. Designed novel hits that might act as good HDAC6 inhibitors derived from ZINC database using combined molecular docking and modeling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Poonia
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110036, India
| | - Monika Sharma
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110036, India
| | - Prakash Jha
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110036, India
| | - Madhu Chopra
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110036, India.
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Lamba S, Roy A. Demystifying the potential of inhibitors targeting DNA topoisomerases in unicellular protozoan parasites. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103574. [PMID: 37003515 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases are a group of enzymes omnipresent in all organisms. They maintain the DNA topology during replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. However, the structure of topoisomerase in protozoan parasites differs significantly from that of human topoisomerases; thus, this enzyme acts as a crucial target in drug development against parasitic diseases. Although the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting the parasitic topoisomerase is well known, to manage the shortcomings of currently available therapeutics and the emergence of drug resistance, the discovery of novel antiparasitic molecules is an urgent need. In this review, we describe various investigational and repurposed topoisomerase inhibitors developed against protozoan parasites over the past few years. Teaser: Fatal parasitic diseases are an increasing cause for concern; here, we provide a compilation of different inhibitors targeting DNA topoisomerases, enzymes that are essential for, and unique to, protozoan parasites; therefore, inhibitors are efficient and have few adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Lamba
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Amit Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India.
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A tale of topoisomerases and the knotty genetic material in the backdrop of Plasmodium biology. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231351. [PMID: 35699968 PMCID: PMC9261774 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The untangling or overwinding of genetic material is an inevitable part of DNA
replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. Topoisomerases belong to
a conserved enzyme family that amends DNA topology during various processes of
DNA metabolism. To relax the genetic material, topoisomerases transiently break
the phosphodiester bond on one or both DNA strands and remain associated with
the cleavage site by forming a covalent enzyme–DNA intermediate. This
releases torsional stress and allows the broken DNA to be re-ligated by the
enzyme. The biological function of topoisomerases ranges from the separation of
sister chromatids following DNA replication to the aiding of chromosome
condensation and segregation during mitosis. Topoisomerases are also actively
involved in meiotic recombination. The unicellular apicomplexan parasite,
Plasmodium falciparum, harbors different topoisomerase
subtypes, some of which have substantially different sequences and functions
from their human counterparts. This review highlights the biological function of
each identified Plasmodium topoisomerase along with a
comparative analysis of their orthologs in human or other model organisms. There
is also a focus on recent advancements towards the development of topoisomerase
chemical inhibitors, underscoring the druggability of unique topoisomerase
subunits that are absent in humans. Plasmodium harbors three
distinct genomes in the nucleus, apicoplast, and mitochondria, respectively, and
undergoes non-canonical cell division during the schizont stage of development.
This review emphasizes the specific developmental stages of
Plasmodium on which future topoisomerase research should
focus.
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4
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In silico studies of semi-synthetic benzo[a]phenazines as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase from Plasmodium falciparum. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Li J, Wang W, Yao J, Wang T, Li S, Qi W, Han S, Ren Y, Dang Z, Han X, Guo G, Guo B, Wang L, Duan L, Zhang W. Old drug repurposing for neglected disease: Pyronaridine as a promising candidate for the treatment of Echinococcus granulosus infections. EBioMedicine 2020; 54:102711. [PMID: 32279056 PMCID: PMC7152711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a condition caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto, is a globally distributed zoonotic disease. Current treatment options for CE are limited, and an effective and safe anti-echinococcal drug is urgently required. Methods Drug repurposing strategy was employed to identify new therapeutic agents against echinococcal cysts. An in vitro protoscolicidal assay along with in vivo murine models was applied in the drug screening. A microinjection procedure was employed to mimic the clinical PAIR (puncture, aspiration, injection and reaspiration) technique to evaluate the potential application of the candidate drug in clinical practice. Findings We repurposed pyronaridine, an approved antimalarial drug, for the treatment of CE. Following a three-dose intraperitoneal regimen (57 mg/kg, q.d. for 3 days), pyronaridine caused 100% cyst mortality. Oral administration of pyronaridine at 57 mg/kg, q.d. for 30 days significantly reduced the parasitic burden in the pre-infected mice compared with albendazole group (p < 0.001). Using a microinjection of drug into cysts, pyronaridine (200 μM) showed highly effective in term of inhibition of cyst growth (p < 0.05, compared with saline group). Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that pyronaridine was highly distributed in the liver and lungs, the most affected organs of CE. Function analysis showed that pyronaridine inhibited the activity of topoisomerase I (IC50 = 209.7 ± 1.1 μM). In addition, classical apoptotic hallmarks, including DNA fragmentation and caspase activation, were triggered. Interpretation Given its approved clinical safety, the repurposing of pyronaridine offers a rapidly translational option for treating CE including PAIR. Fund National Natural Science Foundation of China and International Cooperation Project of the Qinghai Science and Technology Department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Weisi Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Junmin Yao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Shizhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wenjing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Shuai Han
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Zhisheng Dang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiumin Han
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810007, China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Baoping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Liping Duan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China; Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810007, China.
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China.
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Rumjanek VM, Maia RC, Salustiano EJ, Costa PR. Insights into the Biological Evaluation of Pterocarpanquinones and Carbapterocarpans with Anti-tumor Activity against MDR Leukemias. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:29-37. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666180420165128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to find anticancer agents that could overcome multidrug resistance (MDR), two new
classes of modified isoflavonoids were designed and synthesized, and their effectiveness evaluated against a
vast array of tumor cell lines. Pterocarpanquinone (LQB-118) and 11a-aza-5-carbapterocarpan (LQB-223) were
the most promising. LQB-118 induced cell death, in vitro, in the µM range, to a number of human cancer cell
lines as well as to fresh tumor cells obtained from patients with acute or chronic myeloid leukemia, independent
on whether they exhibit the MDR phenotype or not. Furthermore, leukemic cells were more sensitive to LQB-
118 compared to cells from solid tumors. Given to mice, in vivo, LQB-118 affected the growth of melanoma,
Ehrlich carcinoma and prostate cancer cells. Conversely, no general toxicity was observed in vivo, by biochemical,
hematological, anatomical or histological parameters and toxicity in vitro against normal cells was low. The
process involved in tumor cell death seemed to vary according to cell type. Apoptosis was studied by externalization
of phosphatidylserine, DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activation, reduced expression of XIAP and survivin,
ER stress, cytosolic calcium increase and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Autophagy was also
evaluated inhibiting caspase-9, with no effect observed in beclin 1, whereas pre-treatment with rapamycin increased
cytotoxicity induced by LQB-118. In addition, LQB-118 increased ROS, inhibited NFκB nuclear translocation
and secretion of TNF-α, modulated microRNAs miR-9 and miR-21 and modified the cell cycle. Despite
being less studied, the cytotoxic effect of the 11a-aza-5-carbapterocarpan LQB-223 was present against several
tumor cell lines, including those with the MDR phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M. Rumjanek
- Laboratorio de Imunologia Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquimica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel C. Maia
- Laboratorio de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J. Salustiano
- Laboratorio de Imunologia Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquimica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo R.R. Costa
- Laboratorio de Quimica Bio-organica (LQB), Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Munera López J, Ganuza A, Bogado SS, Muñoz D, Ruiz DM, Sullivan WJ, Vanagas L, Angel SO. Evaluation of ATM Kinase Inhibitor KU-55933 as Potential Anti- Toxoplasma gondii Agent. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:26. [PMID: 30815397 PMCID: PMC6381018 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite with a complex life cycle composed of multiple stages that infect mammals and birds. Tachyzoites rapidly replicate within host cells to produce acute infection during which the parasite disseminates to tissues and organs. Highly replicative cells are subject to Double Strand Breaks (DSBs) by replication fork collapse and ATM, a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) family, is a key factor that initiates DNA repair and activates cell cycle checkpoints. Here we demonstrate that the treatment of intracellular tachyzoites with the PI3K inhibitor caffeine or ATM kinase-inhibitor KU-55933 affects parasite replication rate in a dose-dependent manner. KU-55933 affects intracellular tachyzoite growth and induces G1-phase arrest. Addition of KU-55933 to extracellular tachyzoites also leads to a significant reduction of tachyzoite replication upon infection of host cells. ATM kinase phosphorylates H2A.X (γH2AX) to promote DSB damage repair. The level of γH2AX increases in tachyzoites treated with camptothecin (CPT), a drug that generates fork collapse, but this increase was not observed when co-administered with KU-55933. These findings support that KU-55933 is affecting the Toxoplasma ATM-like kinase (TgATM). The combination of KU-55933 and other DNA damaging agents such as methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) and CPT produce a synergic effect, suggesting that TgATM kinase inhibition sensitizes the parasite to damaged DNA. By contrast, hydroxyurea (HU) did not further inhibit tachyzoite replication when combined with KU-55933.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Munera López
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, IIB-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Agustina Ganuza
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, IIB-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Silvina S Bogado
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, IIB-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Daniela Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, IIB-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Diego M Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, IIB-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - William J Sullivan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Laura Vanagas
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, IIB-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Sergio O Angel
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, IIB-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
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Mendes JA, Salustiano EJ, Pires CDS, Oliveira T, Barcellos JCF, Cifuentes JMC, Costa PRR, Rennó MN, Buarque CD. 11a-N-tosyl-5-carbapterocarpans: Synthesis, antineoplastic evaluation and in silico prediction of ADMETox properties. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:585-590. [PMID: 30036814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
11a-N-tosyl-5-carbapterocarpans (5a-c and 6a-c), 9-N-tosyl-4,4a,9,9a-tetrahydro-3H-carbazole (7), 11a-N-tosyl-5-carbapterocarpen (8) analogues of LQB-223 (4a), were synthesized through palladium catalyzed azaarylation of substituted dihydronaphtalenes (14a-c) and cyclohexadiene (15), respectively, with N-tosyl-o-iodoaniline (11). In order to understand the role of the N-tosyl moiety for the pharmacological activity, the azacarbapterocarpen (9) was also synthesized by Fischer indol reaction. The structural requirements at the A and D-rings for the antineoplastic activity toward human leukemias and breast cancer cells were evaluated as well. Substitutions on the A-ring of 4a and analogues alter the effect on different breast cancer subtypes. On the other hand, A-ring is not essential for antileukemic activity since compound 7, which does not contain the A-ring, showed efficacy with high selectivity indices for drug-resistant leukemias. On the other hand, substitutions on the D-ring of 4a for fluorine or iodine did not improve the antileukemic activity. In silico studies concerning Lipinskís rule of five, ADMET properties and drug scores of those compounds were performed, indicating good physicochemical properties for all compounds, in special for compound 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseane A Mendes
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22435-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J Salustiano
- Laboratório de Imunologia Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco H sala 003, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil; Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco C sala C1-042, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Carulini de S Pires
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio-Ambiental de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Campus Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, RJ 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Thaís Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Câncer, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco C sala E1-022, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Julio C F Barcellos
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco H, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Jhonny M C Cifuentes
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22435-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo R R Costa
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco H, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Magdalena N Rennó
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio-Ambiental de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Campus Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, RJ 27965-045, Brazil.
| | - Camilla D Buarque
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22435-900, Brazil.
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Wang W, Li J, Yao J, Wang T, Li S, Zheng X, Duan L, Zhang W. In vitro and in vivo efficacies of novel carbazole aminoalcohols in the treatment of cystic echinococcosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:3122-3130. [PMID: 28981899 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, is a worldwide chronic zoonosis. Current chemotherapeutic options are limited to albendazole and mebendazole, which only exert parasitostatic effects and have to be administered at high dosages for long periods. In an effort to find alternative treatment options, the in vitro and in vivo efficacies of novel carbazole aminoalcohols were evaluated. Methods Carbazole aminoalcohols were tested against E. granulosus protoscoleces in vitro and metacestodes ex vivo. The in vivo chemotherapeutic effect of representative compounds was assessed in experimentally infected mice. Oral and intravenous pharmacokinetic profiles were determined in mice. Results The carbazole aminoalcohols exhibited potent protoscolicidal activity with LC50 values ranging from 18.2 to 34.3 μM. Among them, compounds 2 and 24 killed all ex vivo cultured metacestodes at concentrations of 34.3 and 30.6 μM. In vivo studies showed that oral administration of compounds 2 and 24 (25 mg/kg/day) for 30 days led to reductions of 68.4% and 54.3% in parasite weight compared with the untreated group (both groups: P < 0.001). Compound 2 (25 mg/kg/day) and compound 24 (50 mg/kg/day) induced significantly higher cyst mortality rates in comparison with that of the albendazole group (both groups: P < 0.01). Analysis of cysts collected from compound 2- or 24-treated mice by transmission electron microscopy revealed a drug-induced structural destruction. The structural integrity of the germinal layer was lost, and the majority of the microtriches disappeared. Pharmacokinetic profiling of compounds 2 and 24 revealed low clearance and decent oral bioavailability (>70%). Conclusions Our study identifies carbazole aminoalcohols as a class of novel anti-CE agents. Compounds 2 and 24 represent promising drug candidates in anti-CE chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisi Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis, and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China.,ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Junmin Yao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis, and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Shizhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis, and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Liping Duan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis, and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
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10
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The effects of nitidine chloride and camptothecin on the growth of Babesia and Theileria parasites. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:1192-1201. [PMID: 29730263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of bovine and equine piroplasmosis is limited to diminazene aceturate (DA) and imidocarb dipropionate. To address this challenge, we need to explore novel drug compounds and targets. Topoisomerases are potential drug targets because they play a vital role in solving topological errors of DNA strands during replication. This study documented the effectiveness of topoisomerase inhibitors, nitidine chloride (NC) and camptothecin (Cpt), on the growth of Babesia and Theileria parasites. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) against B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi, and T. equi were 1.01 ± 0.2, 5.34 ± 1.0, 0.11 ± 0.03, and 2.05 ± 0.4 μM for NC and 11.67 ± 1.6, 4.00 ± 1.0, 2.07 ± 0.6, and 0.33 ± 0.02 μM for Cpt, respectively. The viability experiment revealed that 4, 10, and 4 μM treatments of NC or 48, 8, and 8 μM treatments of Cpt were sufficient to stop the in vitro regrowth of B. bovis, B. bigemina, and B. caballi, respectively. However, T. equi regrew in all of the concentrations used. Moreover, increasing the concentration of NC and Cpt to 16 μM and 1.2 μM (8 × IC50) did not eliminate T. equi. The micrographs of B. bigemina and B. caballi taken at 24 h and 72 h showed deformed merozoites and remnants of parasites within the red blood cell (RBC), respectively. The treatments of 25 mg/kg DA and 20 mg/kg NC administered intraperitoneally and 20 mg/kg NC given orally showed 93.7, 90.7, and 83.6% inhibition against Babesia microti (B. microti), respectively, compared to the untreated group on day 8. In summary, NC and Cpt were effective against Babesia and Theileria parasites in vitro. Moreover, 20 mg/kg NC administered intraperitoneally was as effective as 25 mg/kg DA against B. microti in mice and showed no toxic symptoms in mice. The results indicate that NC may, after further evaluations, prove to be an alternative drug against bovine and equine piroplasmoses.
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Interaction between bioactive compound 11a-N-tosyl-5-deoxi-pterocarpan (LQB-223) and Calf thymus DNA: Spectroscopic approach, electrophoresis and theoretical studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:223-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Guruge AG, Udawatte C, Weerasinghe S. An In Silico Approach of Coumarin-Derived Inhibitors for Human DNA Topoisomerase I. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human topoisomerase I (Htopo I) is a vital target for anti-cancer agents; however, available anti-cancer agents are linked with several limitations. Therefore, designing novel inhibitors for Htopo I is significant. The rationale behind the current study is to identify novel coumarin inhibitors for Htopo I using in silico approaches and predict drug leads for in vitro studies. Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics, the binding affinities of 75 coumarins were compared with a known Htopo I inhibitor, topotecan. Docking studies predict three coumarins T1L25, T2L25, and T3L25 as most potent inhibitors for Htopo I. T2L25 gives the best grid score (–295 kJ mol–1), which is very comparable with that of topotecan (–302 kJ mol–1). The binding of these coumarins occurs preferentially via a planar geometry, and ligands bind at the binding site parallel to the axis of base pairing. NHCOCH3-substituted ligands are more favourable for binding when compared with the other substitute groups considered. The binding free energies calculated from molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) method imply that T3L25 possesses the highest binding affinity when compared with the other two ligands. However, T1L25 and T2L25 have comparable binding free energies according to MM-PBSA calculations. Additionally, other calculated properties also support the suitability of these three derivatives as inhibitors for Htopo I. Therefore, the current study theoretically predicts three coumarin derivatives T1L25, T2L25, and T3L25 as potent inhibitors for Htopo I. These findings could lead to exploring novel non-camptothecin inhibitors for Htopo I.
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