1
|
Kokarev V, Dufour SC, Raeymaekers JAM, Mailli AA, Reiss H. Thyasirid species composition (Bivalvia: Thyasiridae) and genetic connectivity of Parathyasira equalis (A. E. Verrill & K. J. Bush, 1898) in deep basins of sub-Arctic fjords. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:91. [PMID: 38965473 PMCID: PMC11223403 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyasirid bivalves are often recorded as a dominant component of macrobenthic infaunal communities in depositional environments such as fjord basins. Fjord basins comprise patchy soft-bottom habitats bounded by steep walls and sills; however, little is known how this semi-isolated nature of fjords affects benthic populations. Accordingly, data on the composition and population connectivity of thyasirids can provide valuable information on the ecology of these ecosystems. RESULTS The species composition of thyasirid bivalves has been studied in the basins of three sub-Arctic fjords (Nordland, Northern Norway). Overall, six thyasirid species were recorded: Parathyasira equalis, Parathyasira dunbari, Mendicula ferruginosa, Genaxinus eumyarius, Thyasira sarsii, and Thyasira obsoleta. The species composition remained stable within the basins during the sampling period (2013-2020) and suggested the importance of local reproduction over advection of individuals for population dynamics. Only one species, Parathyasira equalis, was common in all fjords. We have further investigated the population genetics of this species by combining two types of genetic markers: a 579 bp fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and 4043 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated by genotyping-by-sequencing. The latter provided a more in-depth resolution on the population genetics of this species and revealed a weak but significant differentiation of populations within fjords, further indicating limited connectivity between basins. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, we conclude that limited dispersal between the basin communities results in weakly connected populations and might be an important structuring factor for macrobenthic communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Kokarev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, 8049, Norway.
| | - Suzanne C Dufour
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | | | - Amalia A Mailli
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, 8049, Norway
| | - Henning Reiss
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, 8049, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hünicken LA, Paolucci EM, Lavinia PD, Sylvester F. Morphological and Genetic Assessment of Invasive Corbicula Lineages in Southern South America: A Case Study in Argentina. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1843. [PMID: 38997955 PMCID: PMC11240789 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The broad global distribution of freshwater clams belonging to the genus Corbicula is driven by multiple hermaphroditic lineages. These lineages, characterized by shared morphological traits and phenotypic plasticity, pose challenges to morphological identification. Genetic markers, such as the mitochondrial COI gene, play a crucial role in delineating these lineages and their ranges. Morphotypes represent observed phenotypic variations, while lineages are defined based on genetic markers. Here, we comprehensively review Corbicula's distribution in Argentina, discriminate extant lineages based on both morphological and genetic (COI) data, and describe variations in internal and external morphologies using 15 Argentine populations. Genetic analyses identified two mitochondrial lineages: the AR morphotype (FW5 haplotype) and CS morphotype (FW17 haplotype). Strikingly, despite having similar vectors, origins, and invasive stages, Corbicula lineages exhibit virtually segregated distributions. However, mitochondrial haplotypes are found in sympatry mainly in northeastern Argentina where individuals with intermediate morphotypes exist, suggesting the presence of hybrids due to maternal genome retention. These findings contribute to the clarification of the identity and distribution of Corbicula lineages in Argentina, where the genus has been found for over half a century. Similar studies are needed in other areas to better understand the invasion patterns of this successful and adaptable group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro A Hünicken
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 'Bernardino Rivadavia', Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina
- Instituto Para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados (IEBI), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta A4408FVY, Argentina
| | - Esteban M Paolucci
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 'Bernardino Rivadavia', Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina
| | - Pablo D Lavinia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Conservación de la Biodiversidad (UNRN-InCoBIO), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, RPNº1 y Rotonda de la Cooperación, Viedma R8500JCG, Argentina
- CIT Río Negro (UNRN-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Viedma R8500JCG, Argentina
| | - Francisco Sylvester
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Instituto Para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados (IEBI), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta A4408FVY, Argentina
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kokarev V, Zalota AK, Zuev A, Tiunov A, Kuznetsov P, Konovalova O, Rimskaya-Korsakova N. Opportunistic consumption of marine pelagic, terrestrial, and chemosynthetic organic matter by macrofauna on the Arctic shelf: a stable isotope approach. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15595. [PMID: 37404477 PMCID: PMC10315133 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrofauna can contribute substantially to the organic matter cycling on the seafloor, yet the role of terrestrial and chemosynthetic organic matter in the diets of microphagous (deposit and suspension) feeders is poorly understood. In the present study, we used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to test the hypothesis that the terrestrial organic matter supplied with river runoff and local chemosynthetic production at methane seeps might be important organic matter sources for macrofaunal consumers on the Laptev Sea shelf. We sampled locations from three habitats with the presumed differences in organic matter supply: "Delta" with terrestrial inputs from the Lena River, "Background" on the northern part of the shelf with pelagic production as the main organic matter source, and "Seep" in the areas with detected methane seepage, where chemosynthetic production might be available. Macrobenthic communities inhabiting each of the habitats were characterized by a distinct isotopic niche, mostly in terms of δ13C values, directly reflecting differences in the origin of organic matter supply, while δ15N values mostly reflected the feeding group (surface deposit/suspension feeders, subsurface deposit feeders, and carnivores). We conclude that both terrestrial and chemosynthetic organic matter sources might be substitutes for pelagic primary production in the benthic food webs on the largely oligotrophic Laptev Sea shelf. Furthermore, species-specific differences in the isotopic niches of species belonging to the same feeding group are discussed, as well as the isotopic niches of the symbiotrophic tubeworm Oligobrachia sp. and the rissoid gastropod Frigidoalvania sp., which are exclusively associated with methane seeps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Kokarev
- Laboratory of Ecology of Coastal Bottom Communities, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna K. Zalota
- Laboratory of Ecology of Coastal Bottom Communities, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Zuev
- Laboratory of Soil Zoology and General Entomology, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei Tiunov
- Laboratory of Soil Zoology and General Entomology, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr Kuznetsov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Konovalova
- Centre of Marine Research, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo Y, Meng L, Wang M, Zhong Z, Li D, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang H, Seim I, Li Y, Jiang A, Ji Q, Su X, Chen J, Fan G, Li C, Liu S. Hologenome analysis reveals independent evolution to chemosymbiosis by deep-sea bivalves. BMC Biol 2023; 21:51. [PMID: 36882766 PMCID: PMC9993606 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bivalves have independently evolved a variety of symbiotic relationships with chemosynthetic bacteria. These relationships range from endo- to extracellular interactions, making them ideal for studies on symbiosis-related evolution. It is still unclear whether there are universal patterns to symbiosis across bivalves. Here, we investigate the hologenome of an extracellular symbiotic thyasirid clam that represents the early stages of symbiosis evolution. RESULTS We present a hologenome of Conchocele bisecta (Bivalvia: Thyasiridae) collected from deep-sea hydrothermal vents with extracellular symbionts, along with related ultrastructural evidence and expression data. Based on ultrastructural and sequencing evidence, only one dominant Thioglobaceae bacteria was densely aggregated in the large bacterial chambers of C. bisecta, and the bacterial genome shows nutritional complementarity and immune interactions with the host. Overall, gene family expansions may contribute to the symbiosis-related phenotypic variations in different bivalves. For instance, convergent expansions of gaseous substrate transport families in the endosymbiotic bivalves are absent in C. bisecta. Compared to endosymbiotic relatives, the thyasirid genome exhibits large-scale expansion in phagocytosis, which may facilitate symbiont digestion and account for extracellular symbiotic phenotypes. We also reveal that distinct immune system evolution, including expansion in lipopolysaccharide scavenging and contraction of IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis protein), may contribute to the different manners of bacterial virulence resistance in C. bisecta. CONCLUSIONS Thus, bivalves employ different pathways to adapt to the long-term co-existence with their bacterial symbionts, further highlighting the contribution of stochastic evolution to the independent gain of a symbiotic lifestyle in the lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lingfeng Meng
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Minxiao Wang
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhaoshan Zhong
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Denghui Li
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Yaolei Zhang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Hanbo Li
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Inge Seim
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Yuli Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Aijun Jiang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Qianyue Ji
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Xiaoshan Su
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Guangyi Fan
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China.
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Chaolun Li
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- College of Marine Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266400, China.
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| | - Shanshan Liu
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China.
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Genomics, BGI-qingdao, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Petersen JM, Yuen B. The symbiotic 'all-rounders': Partnerships between marine animals and chemosynthetic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02129-20. [PMID: 33355107 PMCID: PMC8090883 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02129-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation is a widespread metabolic trait in certain types of microorganisms called diazotrophs. Bioavailable nitrogen is limited in various habitats on land and in the sea, and accordingly, a range of plant, animal, and single-celled eukaryotes have evolved symbioses with diverse diazotrophic bacteria, with enormous economic and ecological benefits. Until recently, all known nitrogen-fixing symbionts were heterotrophs such as nodulating rhizobia, or photoautotrophs such as cyanobacteria. In 2016, the first chemoautotrophic nitrogen-fixing symbionts were discovered in a common family of marine clams, the Lucinidae. Chemosynthetic nitrogen-fixing symbionts use the chemical energy stored in reduced sulfur compounds to power carbon and nitrogen fixation, making them metabolic 'all-rounders' with multiple functions in the symbiosis. This distinguishes them from heterotrophic symbionts that require a source of carbon from their host, and their chemosynthetic metabolism distinguishes them from photoautotrophic symbionts that produce oxygen, a potent inhibitor of nitrogenase. In this review, we consider evolutionary aspects of this discovery, by comparing strategies that have evolved for hosting intracellular nitrogen-fixing symbionts in plants and animals. The symbiosis between lucinid clams and chemosynthetic nitrogen-fixing bacteria also has important ecological impacts, as they form a nested symbiosis with endangered marine seagrasses. Notably, nitrogen fixation by lucinid symbionts may help support seagrass health by providing a source of nitrogen in seagrass habitats. These discoveries were enabled by new techniques for understanding the activity of microbial populations in natural environments. However, an animal (or plant) host represents a diverse landscape of microbial niches due to its structural, chemical, immune and behavioural properties. In future, methods that resolve microbial activity at the single cell level will provide radical new insights into the regulation of nitrogen fixation in chemosynthetic symbionts, shedding new light on the evolution of nitrogen-fixing symbioses in contrasting hosts and environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Petersen
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna
| | - Benedict Yuen
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McCuaig B, Peña-Castillo L, Dufour SC. Metagenomic analysis suggests broad metabolic potential in extracellular symbionts of the bivalve Thyasira cf. gouldi. Anim Microbiome 2020; 2:7. [PMID: 33499960 PMCID: PMC7807488 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Next-generation sequencing has opened new avenues for studying metabolic capabilities of bacteria that cannot be cultured. Here, we provide a metagenomic description of chemoautotrophic gammaproteobacterial symbionts associated with Thyasira cf. gouldi, a sediment-dwelling bivalve from the family Thyasiridae. Thyasirid symbionts differ from those of other bivalves by being extracellular, and recent work suggests that they are capable of living freely in the environment. Results Thyasira cf. gouldi symbionts appear to form mixed, non-clonal populations in the host, show no signs of genomic reduction and contain many genes that would only be useful outside the host, including flagellar and chemotaxis genes. The thyasirid symbionts may be capable of sulfur oxidation via both the sulfur oxidation and reverse dissimilatory sulfate reduction pathways, as observed in other bivalve symbionts. In addition, genes for hydrogen oxidation and dissimilatory nitrate reduction were found, suggesting varied metabolic capabilities under a range of redox conditions. The genes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle are also present, along with membrane bound sugar importer channels, suggesting that the bacteria may be mixotrophic. Conclusions In this study, we have generated the first thyasirid symbiont genomic resources. In Thyasira cf. gouldi, symbiont populations appear non-clonal and encode genes for a plethora of metabolic capabilities; future work should examine whether symbiont heterogeneity and metabolic breadth, which have been shown in some intracellular chemosymbionts, are signatures of extracellular chemosymbionts in bivalves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonita McCuaig
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Lourdes Peña-Castillo
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Suzanne C Dufour
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Life and death in facultative chemosymbioses: control of bacterial population dynamics in the Thyasiridae. Symbiosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-017-0525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
8
|
McCuaig B, Liboiron F, Dufour SC. The bivalve Thyasira cf. gouldi hosts chemoautotrophic symbiont populations with strain level diversity. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3597. [PMID: 28761786 PMCID: PMC5533157 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertebrates from various marine habitats form nutritional symbioses with chemosynthetic bacteria. In chemosynthetic symbioses, both the mode of symbiont transmission and the site of bacterial housing can affect the composition of the symbiont population. Vertically transmitted symbionts, as well as those hosted intracellularly, are more likely to form clonal populations within their host. Conversely, symbiont populations that are environmentally acquired and extracellular may be more likely to be heterogeneous/mixed within host individuals, as observed in some mytilid bivalves. The symbionts of thyasirid bivalves are also extracellular, but limited 16S rRNA sequencing data suggest that thyasirid individuals contain uniform symbiont populations. In a recent study, Thyasira cf. gouldi individuals from Bonne Bay, Newfoundland, Canada were found to host one of three 16S rRNA phylotypes of sulfur-oxidizing gammaproteobacteria, suggesting environmental acquisition of symbionts and some degree of site-specificity. Here, we use Sanger sequencing of both 16S RNA and the more variable ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) PCR products to further examine Thyasira cf. gouldi symbiont diversity at the scale of host individuals, as well as to elucidate any temporal or spatial patterns in symbiont diversity within Bonne Bay, and relationships with host OTU or size. We obtained symbiont 16S rRNA and RuBisCO Form II sequences from 54 and 50 host individuals, respectively, during nine sampling trips to three locations over four years. Analyses uncovered the same three closely related 16S rRNA phylotypes obtained previously, as well as three divergent RuBisCO phylotypes; these were found in various pair combinations within host individuals, suggesting incidents of horizontal gene transfer during symbiont evolution. While we found no temporal patterns in phylotype distribution or relationships with host OTU or size, some spatial effects were noted, with some phylotypes only found within particular sampling sites. The sequencing also revealed symbiont populations within individual hosts that appeared to be a mixture of different phylotypes, based on multiple base callings at divergent sites. This work provides further evidence that Thyasira cf. gouldi acquires its symbionts from the environment, and supports the theory that hosts can harbour symbiont populations consisting of multiple, closely related bacterial phylotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonita McCuaig
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - France Liboiron
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - Suzanne C Dufour
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rodrigues CF, Laming SR, Gaudron SM, Oliver G, Le Bris N, Duperron S. A sad tale: has the small musselIdas argenteuslost its symbionts? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara F. Rodrigues
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR7208 BOREA Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes Aquatiques et Ecosystèmes, 7 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM; Universidade de Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Sven R. Laming
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR7208 BOREA Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes Aquatiques et Ecosystèmes, 7 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM; Universidade de Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Sylvie M. Gaudron
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR7208 BOREA Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes Aquatiques et Ecosystèmes, 7 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
| | - Graham Oliver
- National Museum of Wales; Cathays Park CF10 3NP Cardiff Wales UK
| | - Nadine Le Bris
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Université Paris 06 CNRS UMR8222 LECOB (Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environments Benthiques) F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer France
| | - Sébastien Duperron
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR7208 BOREA Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes Aquatiques et Ecosystèmes, 7 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
- Institut Universitaire de France; Saint-Michel 103 75005 Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dufour SC, Laurich JR, Batstone RT, McCuaig B, Elliott A, Poduska KM. Magnetosome-containing bacteria living as symbionts of bivalves. ISME JOURNAL 2014; 8:2453-62. [PMID: 24914799 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria containing magnetosomes (protein-bound nanoparticles of magnetite or greigite) are common to many sedimentary habitats, but have never been found before to live within another organism. Here, we show that octahedral inclusions in the extracellular symbionts of the marine bivalve Thyasira cf. gouldi contain iron, can exhibit magnetic contrast and are most likely magnetosomes. Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, T. cf. gouldi symbionts group with symbiotic and free-living sulfur-oxidizing, chemolithoautotrophic gammaproteobacteria, including the symbionts of other thyasirids. T. cf. gouldi symbionts occur both among the microvilli of gill epithelial cells and in sediments surrounding the bivalves, and are therefore facultative. We propose that free-living T. cf. gouldi symbionts use magnetotaxis as a means of locating the oxic-anoxic interface, an optimal microhabitat for chemolithoautotrophy. T. cf. gouldi could acquire their symbionts from near-burrow sediments (where oxic-anoxic interfaces likely develop due to the host's bioirrigating behavior) using their superextensile feet, which could transfer symbionts to gill surfaces upon retraction into the mantle cavity. Once associated with their host, however, symbionts need not maintain structures for magnetotaxis as the host makes oxygen and reduced sulfur available via bioirrigation and sulfur-mining behaviors. Indeed, we show that within the host, symbionts lose the integrity of their magnetosome chain (and possibly their flagellum). Symbionts are eventually endocytosed and digested in host epithelial cells, and magnetosomes accumulate in host cytoplasm. Both host and symbiont behaviors appear important to symbiosis establishment in thyasirids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Dufour
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Jason R Laurich
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Rebecca T Batstone
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Bonita McCuaig
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Alexander Elliott
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Kristin M Poduska
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|