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Ashour ME, Allam W, Elsayed W, Atteya R, Elserafy M, Magdeldin S, Hassan MK, El-Khamisy SF. High Temperature Drives Topoisomerase Mediated Chromosomal Break Repair Pathway Choice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102315. [PMID: 34065967 PMCID: PMC8151962 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Targeting topoisomerases has been widely used as anticancer therapeutics. Exposure to high temperature (hyperthermia) protects cells from the cytotoxic effect of topoisomerase-targeting therapeutics, yet the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report that hyperthermia inhibits the nucleolytic processing of topoisomerase-induced DNA damage and drives repair to a more faithful pathway mediated by TDP1 and TDP2. We further show that hyperthermia suppresses topoisomerase-induced chromosomal translocation and hallmarks of inflammation, which has broad implications in cancer development and therapy. Abstract Cancer-causing mutations often arise from inappropriate DNA repair, yet acute exposure to DNA damage is widely used to treat cancer. The challenge remains in how to specifically induce excessive DNA damage in cancer cells while minimizing the undesirable effects of genomic instability in noncancerous cells. One approach is the acute exposure to hyperthermia, which suppresses DNA repair and synergizes with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. An exception, however, is the protective effect of hyperthermia on topoisomerase targeting therapeutics. The molecular explanation for this conundrum remains unclear. Here, we show that hyperthermia suppresses the level of topoisomerase mediated single- and double-strand breaks induced by exposure to topoisomerase poisons. We further uncover that, hyperthermia suppresses hallmarks of genomic instability induced by topoisomerase targeting therapeutics by inhibiting nuclease activities, thereby channeling repair to error-free pathways driven by tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterases. These findings provide an explanation for the protective effect of hyperthermia from topoisomerase-induced DNA damage and may help to explain the inverse relationship between cancer incidence and temperature. They also pave the way for the use of controlled heat as a therapeutic adjunct to topoisomerase targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E. Ashour
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt; (M.E.A.); (W.A.); (W.E.); (R.A.); (M.E.)
| | - Walaa Allam
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt; (M.E.A.); (W.A.); (W.E.); (R.A.); (M.E.)
| | - Waheba Elsayed
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt; (M.E.A.); (W.A.); (W.E.); (R.A.); (M.E.)
| | - Reham Atteya
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt; (M.E.A.); (W.A.); (W.E.); (R.A.); (M.E.)
| | - Menattallah Elserafy
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt; (M.E.A.); (W.A.); (W.E.); (R.A.); (M.E.)
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Children Cancer Hospital (CCHE 57357), Cairo 11441, Egypt;
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K. Hassan
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt; (M.E.A.); (W.A.); (W.E.); (R.A.); (M.E.)
- Biotechnology Program, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.K.H.); (S.F.E.-K.); Tel.: +44-114-2222791 (S.F.E.-K.)
| | - Sherif F. El-Khamisy
- The Healthy Lifespan and the Neuroscience Institutes, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK
- Correspondence: (M.K.H.); (S.F.E.-K.); Tel.: +44-114-2222791 (S.F.E.-K.)
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2
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Poudel K, Banstola A, Gautam M, Soe ZC, Pham LM, Jeong JH, Choi HG, Ku SK, Yong CS, Tran TH, Kim JO. Redox/photo dual-responsive, self-targeted, and photosensitizer-laden bismuth sulfide nanourchins for combination therapy in cancer. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1231-1247. [PMID: 33406178 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07736d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Targeted and stimuli-sensitive nanobombs for the release of therapeutic agents after laser irradiation of the tumor site are gaining widespread attention as personalized anticancer regimens. In this study, redox and photo dual-responsive, folate receptor-targeted nanourchin carriers for chemo-, photodynamic, and photothermal therapy were constructed by the amalgamation of an outer layer of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-S-S-methotrexate (MTX) and an inner core of indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanoparticles for cancer treatment. MTX introduces the carrier to folate receptors resulting in the internalization of nanoparticles into cancer cells, specifically and increasingly. In the reducing environment inside cancer cells, MTX was cleaved, resulting in a burst release that effectively inhibited tumor growth. Simultaneously, the fusion of Bi2S3 and ICG in the inner core absorbed energy from a near-infrared radiation (NIR) laser to generate heat and reactive oxygen species, which further ablated the tumors and synergistically enhanced the anticancer activity of MTX. These results indicate the successful preparation of combined nanourchins (NUs) showing GSH-induced and laser-responsive release of MTX and ICG, accompanied by hyperthermia via Bi2S3 and ICG. Effective in vitro cellular internalization, cellular cytotoxicity, and pro-apoptotic behavior of the nanosystem were achieved through a targeting, redox, and NIR-responsive combination strategy. In vivo biodistribution and photothermal imaging also revealed tumor-selective and -retentive, as well as thermally responsive attributes. Ultimately, this in vivo antitumor study shows an effective tumor ablation by these nanourchins without affecting the vital organs. Our findings indicate that using these targeted redox- and laser-responsive combination therapeutic carriers can be a promising strategy in folate receptor-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishwor Poudel
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Asmita Banstola
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Milan Gautam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zar Chi Soe
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Le Minh Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tuan Hiep Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam. and PHENIKAA Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, No. 167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11313, Vietnam
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Kumari A, Bhawal S, Kapila S, Yadav H, Kapila R. Health-promoting role of dietary bioactive compounds through epigenetic modulations: a novel prophylactic and therapeutic approach. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:619-639. [PMID: 33081489 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1825286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The epigenome is an overall epigenetic state of an organism, which is as important as that of the genome for normal development and functioning of an individual. Epigenetics involves heritable but reversible changes in gene expression through alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of non-coding RNAs in cells, without any change in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes are owned by various environmental factors including pollution, microbiota and diet, which have profound effects on epigenetic modifiers. The bioactive compounds present in the diet mainly include curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, quercetin, genistein, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, alkaloids, vitamins, and peptides. Bioactive compounds released during fermentation by the action of microbes also have a significant effect on the host epigenome. Besides, recent studies have explored the new insights in vitamin's functions through epigenetic regulation. These bioactive compounds exert synergistic, preventive and therapeutic effects when combined as well as when used with chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, these compounds have potential of therapeutic agents that could be used as "Epidrug" to treat many inflammatory diseases and various cancers where chemotherapy results have many side effects. In this review, the effect of diet derived bioactive compounds through epigenetic modulations on in vitro and in vivo models is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kumari
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Shalaka Bhawal
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Suman Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rajeev Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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4
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Retraction: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Sensitize Lung Cancer Cells to Hyperthermia: Involvement of Ku70/SirT-1 in Thermo-Protection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237589. [PMID: 32760137 PMCID: PMC7410278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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5
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Sapoń K, Gawrońska I, Janas T, Sikorski AF, Janas T. Exosome-associated polysialic acid modulates membrane potentials, membrane thermotropic properties, and raft-dependent interactions between vesicles. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1685-1697. [PMID: 32279314 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, polysialic acid (polySia) attached to a small number of transmembrane protein carriers occurs on the surface of plasma membranes of neural, cancer, immune, and placental trophoblast cells. Here, our goal was to demonstrate the presence of polySia on exosomes and its effect on membrane properties. We isolated exosomes and found that polysialylated exosomes in fetal bovine serum originate mostly from placental trophoblasts, while in calf bovine serum, they originate from immune cells. Enzymatic removal of polySia chains from the exosomal surface makes the membrane surface potential more positive, transmembrane potential more negative, and reduces the activation energy for membrane anisotropy changes. We demonstrate for the first time that exosomes could interact through polySia-raft interactions. We suggest that polysialylation of exosomal membrane can have a thermo-protecting effect and can modulate exosome-plasma membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teresa Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Poland
| | - Aleksander F Sikorski
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Poland.,Research and Development Centre, General Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
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6
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Abstract
In the last decade, epigenetic drugs (such as inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases) have been intensively used for cancer treatment. Their applications have shown high anticancer effectivity and tolerable side effects. However, they are unfortunately not effective in the treatment of some types and phenotypes of cancers. Nevertheless, several studies have demonstrated that problems of drug efficacy can be overcome through the combined application of therapeutic modulates. Therefore, combined applications of epigenetic agents with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, oncolytic virotherapy and hyperthermia have been presented. This review summarizes and discusses the general principles of this approach, as introduced and supported by numerous examples. In addition, predictions of the future potential applications of this methodology are included.
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7
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Guimarães DM, Almeida LO, Martins MD, Warner KA, Silva ARS, Vargas PA, Nunes FD, Squarize CH, Nör JE, Castilho RM. Sensitizing mucoepidermoid carcinomas to chemotherapy by targeted disruption of cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42447-42460. [PMID: 27285758 PMCID: PMC5173147 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignancy of salivary glands. The response of MEC to chemotherapy is unpredictable, and recent advances in cancer biology suggest the involvement of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumor progression and chemoresistance and radioresistance phenotype. We found that histone acetyltransferase inhibitors (HDACi) were capable of disrupting CSCs in MEC. Furthermore, administration of HDACi prior to Cisplatin (two-hit approach) disrupts CSCs and sensitizes tumor cells to Cisplatin. Our findings corroborate to emerging evidence that CSCs play a key role in tumor resistance to chemotherapy, and highlights a pharmacological two-hit approach that disrupts tumor resistance to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Guimarães
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana O Almeida
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Manoela D Martins
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kristy A Warner
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alan R S Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pablo A Vargas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio D Nunes
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane H Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rogerio M Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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8
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Tao NN, Ren JH, Tang H, Ran LK, Zhou HZ, Liu B, Huang AL, Chen J. Deacetylation of Ku70 by SIRT6 attenuates Bax-mediated apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:713-719. [PMID: 28238784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SIRT6 is a class III histone deacetylase that has been implicated in HCC development. We previously reported that SIRT6 potentiated apoptosis evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting both Bax expression and mitochondrial translocalization. However, the mechanism underlying SIRT6-mediated inhibition of Bax mitochondrial localization remains elusive. In this study, we found that although SIRT6 had no effect on the expression level of Ku70, SIRT6 could interact with Ku70 and deacetylate it. The increased acetylation of Ku70 in SIRT6-depleted cells disrupt its interaction with Bax, which finally resulted in Bax mitochondrial translocalization. Furthermore, lysine K542 on Ku70 was the target for deacetylation by SIRT6. Ku70K542Q mutation abolished suppression of association between Ku70 and Bax and caused redistribution of Bax to the cytosol in SIRT6-depleted cells. Finally, Ku70K542Q mutation could reversed the inhibition of growth and apoptosis promotion mediated by SIRT6 silencing. Together, our findings revealed SIRT6 could block the mitochondrial translocation of Bax and decrease the apoptotic ratio of HCC cells by deacetylation of Ku70. SIRT6 may serve as a promising target for developing targeted therapies for HCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji-Hua Ren
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long-Kuan Ran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Zhong Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai-Long Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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9
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He N, Zhu X, He W, Zhao S, Zhao W, Zhu C. Resveratrol inhibits the hydrogen dioxide-induced apoptosis via Sirt 1 activation in osteoblast cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 79:1779-86. [PMID: 26406155 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1062712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sirt 1 plays a critical role in stress responses. We determined the deregulation of Sirt 1 activity, p53 acetylation, Bcl-2 expression, and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in mouse osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells which were exposed to H2O2. And then we investigated the protective role of Sirt 1 activator, Resveratrol (RSV), against the H2O2-induced apoptosis. Results demonstrated that Sirt 1 and Bcl-2 were inhibited, whereas p53 acetylation, Bax, and caspase 9 were promoted by H2O2, as was aggravated by the Sirt 1 inhibitor, EX-527. Instead, RSV inhibited the H2O2-induced both p53 acetylation and the caspase 9 activation, whereas ameliorated the H2O2-induced Bcl-2 inhibition and apoptosis. In conclusion, Sirt 1 was downregulated during the H2O2-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. And the chemical activation of Sirt 1 inhibited the H2O2-induced apoptosis via the downregulation of p53 acetylation. Our results suggest that Sirt 1 upregulation appears to be an important strategy to inhibit the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na He
- a Department of Anatomy College of Basic Medicine , Beihua University , Jilin City , China
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- b The Otolaryngological Department , China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Wei He
- c Department of Neurology , Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Shiwei Zhao
- d Department of Hand Surgery , Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University , Jilin City , China
| | - Weiyan Zhao
- d Department of Hand Surgery , Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University , Jilin City , China
| | - Chunlei Zhu
- d Department of Hand Surgery , Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University , Jilin City , China
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10
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Zhu S, Wang J, Xie B, Luo Z, Lin X, Liao DJ. Culture at a Higher Temperature Mildly Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth but Enhances Chemotherapeutic Effects by Inhibiting Cell-Cell Collaboration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137042. [PMID: 26495849 PMCID: PMC4619682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute febrile infections have historically been used to treat cancer. To explore the underlying mechanism, we studied chronic effects of fever on cancer cell growth and chemotherapeutic efficacy in cell culture. We found that culturing cancer cells at 39°C mildly inhibited cell growth by arresting the cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. When cells were seeded in culture dishes at a lower density, e.g. about 1000–2000 cells per 35-mm dish, the growth inhibition was much greater, manifested as many fewer cell colonies in the 39°C dishes, compared with the results at a higher density seeding, e.g. 20,000 cells per dish, suggesting that cell-cell collaboration as the Allee effect in cell culture is inhibited at 39°C. Withdrawal of cells from serum enhanced the G1 arrest at 39°C and, for some cell lines such as A549 lung cancer cells, serum replenishment failed to quickly drive the cells from the G1 into the S and G2-M phases. Therapeutic effects of several chemotherapeutic agents, including clove bud extracts, on several cancer cell lines were more potent at 39°C than at 37°C, especially when the cells were seeded at a low density. For some cell lines and some agents, this enhancement is long-lasting, i.e. continuing after the cessation of the treatment. Collectively these results suggest that hyperthermia may inhibit cancer cell growth by G1 arrest and by inhibition of cell-cell collaboration, and may enhance the efficacy of several chemotherapeutic agents, an effect which may persist beyond the termination of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Zhu
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, 55912, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, 55912, United States of America
| | - Bingkun Xie
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, 55912, United States of America
| | - Zhiguo Luo
- Department of Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (ZL); (XL); (DJL)
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, 10 West, Youanmen Outside, Beijing, 100069, China
- * E-mail: (ZL); (XL); (DJL)
| | - D. Joshua Liao
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, 55912, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZL); (XL); (DJL)
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11
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Ren Y, Du C, Yan L, Wei J, Wu H, Shi Y, Duan H. CTGF siRNA ameliorates tubular cell apoptosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in obstructed mouse kidneys in a Sirt1-independent manner. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:4155-71. [PMID: 26257513 PMCID: PMC4527372 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s86748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic kidney disease. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a critical fibrogenic mediator of TGF-β1. Mammalian sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is reported to attenuate renal fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1 pathway. This study was designed to detect whether the delivery of CTGF siRNA in vivo directly ameliorates renal fibrosis. Furthermore, the relationship with Sirt1 underlying the protective effect of CTGF siRNA on interstitial fibrosis and apoptosis was explored. Here, we report that the expressions of CTGF and TGF-β1 were increased while Sirt1 expression and activity were both dramatically decreased in mouse kidneys with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Recombinant human TGF-β1 treatment in HK-2 cells increased CTGF levels and remarkably decreased Sirt1 levels and was accompanied by apoptosis and release of fibrosis-related factors. Recombinant human CTGF stimulation also directly induced apoptosis and fibrosis. The CTGF siRNA plasmid ameliorated tubular cell apoptosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, but did not affect Sirt1 expression and activity both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of Sirt1 abolished TGF-β1-induced cell apoptosis and fibrosis, while Sirt1 overexpression suppressed CTGF expression via stimulation by TGF-β1. This study provides evidence that treatment strategies involving the delivery of siRNA targeting potentially therapeutic transgenes may be efficacious. Our results suggest that the decrease in Sirt1 is associated with the upregulated expression of CTGF in renal fibrosis, and may aid in the design of new therapies for the prevention of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhuo Ren
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Du
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingying Wei
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijiang Wu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Duan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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12
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Makita N, Ninomiya I, Tsukada T, Okamoto K, Harada S, Nakanuma S, Sakai S, Makino I, Kinoshita J, Hayashi H, Oyama K, Nakagawara H, Miyashita T, Tajima H, Takamura H, Fushida S, Ohta T. Inhibitory effects of valproic acid in DNA double-strand break repair after irradiation in esophageal squamous carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1185-92. [PMID: 26135807 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor has been shown to enhance radiosensitivity. Valproic acid (VPA) is a well-known drug used to treat seizure disorders and epilepsy, and has been shown to inhibit HDACs. We recently reported that a clinically safe dose of VPA enhances radiation‑induced cytotoxicity in human ESCC cells. However, the mechanism of radiosensitizing effect of VPA has not yet been confirmed. The present study examined the effect of VPA on DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair after radiation in the human ESCC cell lines KES, TE9 and TE11 by examining H2AX phosphorylation (γH2AX) levels as a marker of radiation‑induced DSBs. The present study also examined whether VPA inhibited radiation-induced DNA DSB repair by suppressing non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), focusing particularly on the acetylation of Ku70. VPA was shown to prolong γH2AX levels after irradiation in all three ESCC cell lines. Moreover, prolonged γH2AX foci formation after irradiation was also observed by immunocytochemistry following VPA pretreatment in KES and TE9 cells. VPA was shown to induce Ku70 acetylation after irradiation in all three ESCC cell lines. Our results suggest that VPA prolonged radiation‑induced DSBs by inhibiting NHEJ in DSB repair pathways in ESCC. VPA could therefore be used as an effective radiosensitizer in ESCC radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Makita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Itasu Ninomiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tsukada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shinichi Harada
- Center for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakanuma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Seisho Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Isamu Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Jun Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Katsunobu Oyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Nakagawara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Tajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Sachio Fushida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
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Liu J, Huang W, Lin Y, Bian L, He Y. Identification of proteins interacting with protein kinase C-δ in hyperthermia-induced apoptosis and thermotolerance of Tca8113 cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3821-3828. [PMID: 26017369 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differential proteins that interact with protein kinase C‑δ (PKC‑δ) in hyperthermia‑induced apoptosis as well as thermotolerance in Tca8113 cells, and furthermore, to investigate the mechanisms of these processes in tumor cells. Activation of PKC‑δ was previously indicated to be involved in the heat sensitivity and thermal resistance of tongue squamous carcinoma cells. Tca8113 cell apoptosis was induced by incubation at 43˚C for 80 min and the thermotolerant Tca8113 cells (TT‑Tca8113) were generated through a gradient temperature‑elevating method. The apoptotic rate of the cells was determined by flow cytometry, while cleavage and activation of PKC‑δ were analyzed by western blot analysis. The proteins that interacted with PKC‑δ in the Tca8113 and TT‑Tca8113 cells were identified by co‑immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry. Co‑immunoprecipitation analysis followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis were utilized to identify the pro‑ and anti‑apoptotic proteins that interacted with PKC‑δ. Significant cell apoptosis was observed in Tca8113 cells following hyperthermia, and the apoptotic rate was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Marked PKC‑δ cleavage fragmentation was also identified. By contrast, the apoptotic rate of the TT‑Tca8113 cells was not significantly increased following hyperthermia and no PKC‑δ cleavage fragmentation was observed. Among the proteins interacting with PKC‑δ, 39 were found to be involved in the promotion of apoptosis and 16 in the inhibition of apoptosis of Tca8113 cells; these proteins were known to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, transcription and intracellular protein transport. The results of the present study provided evidence that PKC‑δ is a crucial factor in the heat sensitivity and thermal resistance of tongue squamous carcinoma cells and elucidated the underlying molecular basis, which may aid in the improvement of hyperthermic cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Liu
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Wenchuan Huang
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Yunhong Lin
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yongwen He
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
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14
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Apoptosis and molecular targeting therapy in cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:150845. [PMID: 25013758 PMCID: PMC4075070 DOI: 10.1155/2014/150845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 735] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the programmed cell death which maintains the healthy survival/death balance in metazoan cells. Defect in apoptosis can cause cancer or autoimmunity, while enhanced apoptosis may cause degenerative diseases. The apoptotic signals contribute into safeguarding the genomic integrity while defective apoptosis may promote carcinogenesis. The apoptotic signals are complicated and they are regulated at several levels. The signals of carcinogenesis modulate the central control points of the apoptotic pathways, including inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins and FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). The tumor cells may use some of several molecular mechanisms to suppress apoptosis and acquire resistance to apoptotic agents, for example, by the expression of antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 or by the downregulation or mutation of proapoptotic proteins such as BAX. In this review, we provide the main regulatory molecules that govern the main basic mechanisms, extrinsic and intrinsic, of apoptosis in normal cells. We discuss how carcinogenesis could be developed via defective apoptotic pathways or their convergence. We listed some molecules which could be targeted to stimulate apoptosis in different cancers. Together, we briefly discuss the development of some promising cancer treatment strategies which target apoptotic inhibitors including Bcl-2 family proteins, IAPs, and c-FLIP for apoptosis induction.
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