1
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Staerz SD, Anamoah C, Tepe JJ. 20S proteasome enhancers prevent cytotoxic tubulin polymerization-promoting protein induced α-synuclein aggregation. iScience 2024; 27:110166. [PMID: 38974969 PMCID: PMC11225362 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a class of neurodegenerative diseases defined by the presence of α-synuclein inclusions. The location and composition of these α-synuclein inclusions directly correlate to the disease pattern. The inclusions in Multiple System Atrophy are located predominantly in oligodendrocytes and are rich in a second protein, p25α. P25α plays a key role in neuronal myelination by oligodendrocytes. In healthy oligodendrocytes, there is little to no α-synuclein present. If aberrant α-synuclein is present, p25α leaves the myelin sheaths and quickly co-aggregates with α-synuclein, resulting in the disruption of the cellular process and ultimately cell death. Herein, we report that p25α is susceptible for 20S proteasome-mediated degradation and that p25α induces α-synuclein aggregation, resulting in proteasome impairment and cell death. In addition, we identified small molecules 20S proteasome enhancers that prevent p25α induced α-synuclein fibrilization, restore proteasome impairment, and enhance cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia D. Staerz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Charles Anamoah
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jetze J. Tepe
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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2
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Sindi G, Ismael S, Uddin R, Slepchenko KG, Colvin RA, Lee D. Endogenous tau released from human ReNCell VM cultures by neuronal activity is phosphorylated at multiple sites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.02.597022. [PMID: 38854111 PMCID: PMC11160771 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.02.597022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Tau is an intracellular protein but also known to be released into the extracellular fluid. Tau release mechanisms have drawn intense attention as these are known to play a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, tau can also be released under physiological conditions although its physiological function and release mechanisms have been poorly characterized, especially in human neuronal cells. We investigated endogenous tau release in ReNCell VM, a human neuroprogenitor cell line, under physiological conditions and found that tau is spontaneously released from cells. To study activity-dependent release of endogenous tau, human ReNCell VM culture was stimulated by 100μM AMPA or 50mM KCl for one-hour, tau was actively released to the culture medium. The released tau was highly phosphorylated at nine phosphorylation sites (pSites) detected by phospho-specific tau antibodies including AT270 (T175/T181), AT8 (S202/T205), AT100 (T212/S214), AT180 (T231), and PHF-1 (S396/S404), showing that these pSites are important for activity-dependent tau release from human ReNCell VM. Intracellular tau showed various phosphorylation status across these sites, with AT270 and PHF-1 highly phosphorylated while AT8 and AT180 were minimally phosphorylated, suggesting that AT8 and AT180 pSites exhibit a propensity for secretion rather than being retained intracellularly. This activity-dependent tau release was significantly decreased by inhibition of GSK-3β, demonstrating that GSK3β-dependent phosphorylation of tau plays an important role in its release by neuronal activity. In this study, we showed that ReNCell VM serves as a valuable model for studying endogenous physiological tau release. Further, ReNCell model can be also used to study pathological release of human tau that will contribute to our understanding of the progression of AD and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sazan Ismael
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Reaz Uddin
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Kira G. Slepchenko
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Robert A. Colvin
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Daewoo Lee
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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3
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Abyadeh M, Gupta V, Paulo JA, Mahmoudabad AG, Shadfar S, Mirshahvaladi S, Gupta V, Nguyen CTO, Finkelstein DI, You Y, Haynes PA, Salekdeh GH, Graham SL, Mirzaei M. Amyloid-beta and tau protein beyond Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1262-1276. [PMID: 37905874 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.386406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein dysregulation are implicated to play key roles in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and are considered the main pathological hallmarks of this devastating disease. Physiologically, these two proteins are produced and expressed within the normal human body. However, under pathological conditions, abnormal expression, post-translational modifications, conformational changes, and truncation can make these proteins prone to aggregation, triggering specific disease-related cascades. Recent studies have indicated associations between aberrant behavior of amyloid-beta and tau proteins and various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as retinal neurodegenerative diseases like Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Additionally, these proteins have been linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, traumatic brain injury, and diabetes, which are all leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the connections between amyloid-beta and tau proteins and a spectrum of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sina Shadfar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shahab Mirshahvaladi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine T O Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Haynes
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghasem H Salekdeh
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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4
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Wang C, Cui Y, Xu T, Zhou Y, Yang R, Wang T. New insights into glycogen synthase kinase-3: A common target for neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115923. [PMID: 37981175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a highly conserved protein serine/threonine kinase that plays a central role in a wide variety of cellular processes to coordinate catabolic and anabolic pathways and regulate cell growth and fate. There is increasing evidence showing that abnormal glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of many disorders, such as cancer, diabetes, psychiatric diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings about the regulatory role of GSK-3 in the occurrence and development of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, mainly focusing on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The aim of this study is to provide new insight into the shared working mechanism of GSK-3 as a therapeutic target of multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Institute of Brain Sciences and Related Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, The Affiliated Qingdao Third People's Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Institute of Brain Sciences and Related Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, The Affiliated Qingdao Third People's Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China; Department of Health and Life Science, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China.
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, The Affiliated Qingdao Third People's Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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5
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Samim Khan S, Janrao S, Srivastava S, Bala Singh S, Vora L, Kumar Khatri D. GSK-3β: An exuberating neuroinflammatory mediator in Parkinson's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 210:115496. [PMID: 36907495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a critical degradative condition affecting neurons in the brain. Progressive neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PD) have been strongly linked to neuroinflammation. The trigger point for inflammatory conditions in the cells and body is the physiological immune system. The immune response mediated by glial cells and astrocytes can rectify the physiological alterations occurring in the cell for the time being but prolonged activation leads to pathological progression. The proteins mediating such an inflammatory response, as per the available literature, are undoubtedly GSK-3β, NLRP3, TNF, PPARγ, and NF-κB, along with a few other mediatory proteins. NLRP3 inflammasome is undeniably a principal instigator of the neuroinflammatory response, but the regulatory pathways controlling its activation are still unclear, besides less clarity for the interplay between different inflammatory proteins. Recent reports have suggested the involvement of GSK-3β in regulating NLRP3 activation, but the exact mechanistic pathway remains vague. In the current review, we attempt to provide an elaborate description of crosstalk between inflammatory markers and GSK-3β mediated neuroinflammation progression, linking it to regulatory transcription factors and posttranslational modification of proteins. The recent clinical therapeutic advances targeting these proteins are also discussed in parallel to provide a comprehensive view of the progress made in PD management and lacunas still existing in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiya Samim Khan
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Sushmita Janrao
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
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Alterations in Cerebellar Microtubule Cytoskeletal Network in a ValproicAcid-Induced Rat Model of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123031. [PMID: 36551785 PMCID: PMC9776106 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental diseases characterised by deficits in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviours. The growing body of evidence points to a role for cerebellar changes in ASD pathology. Some of the findings suggest that not only motor problems but also social deficits, repetitive behaviours, and mental inflexibility associated with ASD are connected with damage to the cerebellum. However, the understanding of this brain structure's functions in ASD pathology needs future investigations. Therefore, in this study, we generated a rodent model of ASD through a single prenatal administration of valproic acid (VPA) into pregnant rats, followed by cerebellar morphological studies of the offspring, focusing on the alterations of key cytoskeletal elements. The expression (Western blot) of α/β-tubulin and the major neuronal MT-associated proteins (MAP) such as MAP-Tau and MAP1B, MAP2, MAP6 (STOP) along with actin-crosslinking αII-spectrin and neurofilament light polypeptide (NF-L) was investigated. We found that maternal exposure to VPA induces a significant decrease in the protein levels of α/β-tubulin, MAP-Tau, MAP1B, MAP2, and αII-spectrin. Moreover, excessive MAP-Tau phosphorylation at (Ser396) along with key Tau-kinases activation was indicated. Immunohistochemical staining showed chromatolysis in the cerebellum of autistic-like rats and loss of Purkinje cells shedding light on one of the possible molecular mechanisms underpinning neuroplasticity alterations in the ASD brain.
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7
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The central role of tau in Alzheimer’s disease: From neurofibrillary tangle maturation to the induction of cell death. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:204-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Almutairi MM, Nadeem A, Ansari MA, Bakheet SA, Attia SM, Albekairi TH, Alhosaini K, Algahtani M, Alsaad AMS, Al-Mazroua HA, Ahmad SF. Lead (Pb) exposure exacerbates behavioral and immune abnormalities by upregulating Th17 and NF-κB-related signaling in BTBR T + Itpr3 tf/J autistic mouse model. Neurotoxicology 2022; 91:340-348. [PMID: 35760230 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that are characterized by abnormal social interaction impairments in communication and repetitive and restricted activities or interests. Even though the exact etiology of ASD remains unknown. Lead (Pb) is a toxin known to harm many organs in the body, it is one of the most ubiquitous metal exposures which is associated with neurological deficits. Previous studies have shown that the exposure to Pb may play a role in ASD. BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mouse model is commonly used as a preclinical model for ASD. In this study, we investigated the effects of Pb exposure on sociability, self-grooming and marble burying behaviors tests in BTBR mice. We further examined the effects of Pb on IL-17A- RORγT-, STAT3-, NF-κB p65-, iNOS-, TLR-2- and TLR-4-producing CD45+ cells in spleen using flow cytometry. We also explored the effects of Pb on IL-17A, RORγT, STAT3, NF-κB p65, and TLR-2 mRNA expression in the brain tissue using RT-PCR analysis. Our results demonstrated that Pb exposure substantially increased repetitive behavior, marble burying and decrease social interactions in BTBR mice. In addition, in spleen cells, Pb exposure exaggerated CD45+IL-17A+, CD45+RORγT+, CD45+STAT3+, CD45+NF-κB p65+, CD45+iNOS+, CD45+TLR-2+ and CD45+TLR-4+ in BTBR mice. We also found that Pb significantly increased IL-17A, RORγT, STAT3, NF-κB p65, and TLR-2 mRNA in the brain tissue. Therefore, Pb exposure exacerbates behavioral and neuroimmune function in BTBR mice, suggesting a potentially strong role for Pb in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashal M Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer H Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alhosaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Algahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M S Alsaad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Barba L, Paolini Paoletti F, Bellomo G, Gaetani L, Halbgebauer S, Oeckl P, Otto M, Parnetti L. Alpha and Beta Synucleins: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Application as Biomarkers. Mov Disord 2022; 37:669-683. [PMID: 35122299 PMCID: PMC9303453 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synuclein family includes three neuronal proteins, named α‐synuclein, β‐synuclein, and γ‐synuclein, that have peculiar structural features. α‐synuclein is largely known for being a key protein in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies, namely, dementia with Lewy bodies and multisystem atrophy. The role of β‐synuclein and γ‐synuclein is less well understood in terms of physiological functions and potential contribution to human diseases. α‐synuclein has been investigated extensively in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood as a potential biomarker for synucleinopathies. Recently, great attention has been also paid to β‐synuclein, whose CSF and blood levels seem to reflect synaptic damage and neurodegeneration independent of the presence of synucleinopathy. In this review, we aim to provide an overview on the pathophysiological roles of the synucleins. Because γ‐synuclein has been poorly investigated in the field of synucleinopathy and its pathophysiological roles are far from being clear, we focus on the interactions between α‐synuclein and β‐synuclein in PD. We also discuss the role of α‐synuclein and β‐synuclein as potential biomarkers to improve the diagnostic characterization of synucleinopathies, thus highlighting their potential application in clinical trials for disease‐modifying therapies. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Barba
- Section of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Perugia Perugia Italy
- Department of Neurology University of Ulm Ulm Germany
- Department of Neurology Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Federico Paolini Paoletti
- Section of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Giovanni Bellomo
- Section of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gaetani
- Section of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | | | - Patrick Oeckl
- Department of Neurology University of Ulm Ulm Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders Ulm (DZNE e. V.) Ulm Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology University of Ulm Ulm Germany
- Department of Neurology Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Perugia Perugia Italy
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10
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Han J, Fan Y, Wu P, Huang Z, Li X, Zhao L, Ji Y, Zhu M. Parkinson's Disease Dementia: Synergistic Effects of Alpha-Synuclein, Tau, Beta-Amyloid, and Iron. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:743754. [PMID: 34707492 PMCID: PMC8542689 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.743754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) is a common complication of Parkinson’s disease that seriously affects patients’ health and quality of life. At present, the process and pathological mechanisms of PDD remain controversial, which hinders the development of treatments. An increasing number of clinical studies have shown that alpha-synuclein (α-syn), tau, beta-amyloid (Aβ), and iron are closely associated with PDD severity. Thus, we inferred the vicious cycle that causes oxidative stress (OS), due to the synergistic effects of α-syn, tau, Aβ, and, iron, and which plays a pivotal role in the mechanism underlying PDD. First, iron-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can lead to neuronal protein accumulation (e.g., α-syn andAβ) and cytotoxicity. In addition, regulation of post-translational modification of α-syn by iron affects the aggregation or oligomer formation of α-syn. Iron promotes tau aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formation. High levels of iron, α-syn, Aβ, tau, and NFTs can cause severe OS and neuroinflammation, which lead to cell death. Then, the increasing formation of α-syn, Aβ, and NFTs further increase iron levels, which promotes the spread of α-syn and Aβ in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Finally, iron-induced neurotoxicity promotes the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) related pathways in the synaptic terminals, which in turn play an important role in the pathological synergistic effects of α-syn, tau and Aβ. Thus, as the central factor regulating this vicious cycle, GSK3β is a potential target for the prevention and treatment of PDD; this is worthy of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Han
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaohua Fan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zifeng Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yichun Ji
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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11
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García-Yagüe ÁJ, Lastres-Becker I, Stefanis L, Vassilatis DK, Cuadrado A. α-Synuclein Induces the GSK-3-Mediated Phosphorylation and Degradation of NURR1 and Loss of Dopaminergic Hallmarks. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6697-6711. [PMID: 34609698 PMCID: PMC8639559 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson’s disease, the dysfunction of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal tract involves the loss of function of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta followed by death of these neurons. The functional recovery of these neurons requires a deep knowledge of the molecules that maintain the dopaminergic phenotype during adulthood and the mechanisms that subvert their activity. Previous studies have shown that transcription factor NURR1, involved in differentiation and maintenance of the dopaminergic phenotype, is downregulated by α-synuclein (α-SYN). In this study, we provide a mechanistic explanation to this finding by connecting α-SYN-induced activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) with NURR1 phosphorylation followed by proteasomal degradation. The use of sequential deletion mutants and single point mutants of NURR1 allowed the identification of a domain comprising amino acids 123-PSSPPTPSTPS-134 that is targeted by GSK-3 and leads to subsequent ubiquitination and proteasome degradation. This study provides a detailed analysis of the regulation of NURR1 stability by phosphorylation in synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Juan García-Yagüe
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valderrebollo 5, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lastres-Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valderrebollo 5, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1St Department of Neurology, Aiginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Center of Clinical Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios K Vassilatis
- Center of Clinical Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valderrebollo 5, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Alterations in Tau Protein Level and Phosphorylation State in the Brain of the Autistic-Like Rats Induced by Prenatal Exposure to Valproic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063209. [PMID: 33809910 PMCID: PMC8004207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficient social interaction and communication besides repetitive, stereotyped behaviours. A characteristic feature of ASD is altered dendritic spine density and morphology associated with synaptic plasticity disturbances. Since microtubules (MTs) regulate dendritic spine morphology and play an important role in spine development and plasticity the aim of the present study was to investigate the alterations in the content of neuronal α/β-tubulin and Tau protein level as well as phosphorylation state in the valproic acid (VPA)-induced rat model of autism. Our results indicated that maternal exposure to VPA induces: (1) decrease the level of α/β-tubulin along with Tau accumulation in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex; (2) excessive Tau phosphorylation and activation of Tau-kinases: CDK5, ERK1/2, and p70S6K in the cerebral cortex; (3) up-regulation of mTOR kinase-dependent signalling in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of adolescent rat offspring. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining showed histopathological changes in neurons (chromatolysis) in both analysed brain structures of rats prenatally exposed to VPA. The observed changes in Tau protein together with an excessive decrease in α/β-tubulin level may suggest destabilization and thus dysfunction of the MT cytoskeleton network, which in consequence may lead to the disturbance in synaptic plasticity and the development of autistic-like behaviours.
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Ramalingam M, Jang S, Jeong HS. Neural-Induced Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Conditioned Medium Ameliorates Rotenone-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052322. [PMID: 33652595 PMCID: PMC7956615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease (NDD) characterized by the degenerative loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra along with aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn). Neurogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (NI-hADSCs) by supplementary factors for 14 days activates different biological signaling pathways. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic role of NI-hADSC-conditioned medium (NI-hADSC-CM) in rotenone (ROT)-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Increasing concentrations of ROT led to decreased cell survival at 24 and 48 h in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of NI-hADSC-CM (50% dilution in DMEM) against ROT (0.5 μM) significantly increased the cell survival. ROT toxicity decreased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Western blot analysis of the Triton X-100-soluble fraction revealed that ROT significantly decreased the oligomeric, dimeric, and monomeric phosphorylated Serine129 (p-S129) α-syn, as well as the total monomeric α-syn expression levels. ROT toxicity increased the oligomeric, but decreased the dimeric and monomeric p-S129 α-syn expression levels. Total α-syn expression (in all forms) was increased in the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction, compared to the control. NI-hADSC-CM treatment enhanced the TH expression, stabilized α-syn monomers, reduced the levels of toxic insoluble p-S129 α-syn, improved the expression of neuronal functional proteins, regulated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and upregulated the expression of pro-caspases, along with PARP-1 inactivation. Moreover, hADSC-CM treatment decreased the cell numbers and have no effect against ROT toxicity on SH-SY5Y cells. The therapeutic effects of NI-hADSC-CM was higher than the beneficial effects of hADSC-CM on cellular signaling. From these results, we conclude that NI-hADSC-CM exerts neuroregenerative effects on ROT-induced PD-like impairments in SH-SY5Y cells.
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14
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Nguyen PH, Ramamoorthy A, Sahoo BR, Zheng J, Faller P, Straub JE, Dominguez L, Shea JE, Dokholyan NV, De Simone A, Ma B, Nussinov R, Najafi S, Ngo ST, Loquet A, Chiricotto M, Ganguly P, McCarty J, Li MS, Hall C, Wang Y, Miller Y, Melchionna S, Habenstein B, Timr S, Chen J, Hnath B, Strodel B, Kayed R, Lesné S, Wei G, Sterpone F, Doig AJ, Derreumaux P. Amyloid Oligomers: A Joint Experimental/Computational Perspective on Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Type II Diabetes, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2545-2647. [PMID: 33543942 PMCID: PMC8836097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation is observed in many amyloidogenic diseases affecting either the central nervous system or a variety of peripheral tissues. Structural and dynamic characterization of all species along the pathways from monomers to fibrils is challenging by experimental and computational means because they involve intrinsically disordered proteins in most diseases. Yet understanding how amyloid species become toxic is the challenge in developing a treatment for these diseases. Here we review what computer, in vitro, in vivo, and pharmacological experiments tell us about the accumulation and deposition of the oligomers of the (Aβ, tau), α-synuclein, IAPP, and superoxide dismutase 1 proteins, which have been the mainstream concept underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), type II diabetes (T2D), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research, respectively, for many years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H Nguyen
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Bikash R Sahoo
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - John E Straub
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alfonso De Simone
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Molecular Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Saeed Najafi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Son Tung Ngo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mara Chiricotto
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Pritam Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - James McCarty
- Chemistry Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, SBI Building, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carol Hall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry and The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Stepan Timr
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Brianna Hnath
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Sylvain Lesné
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Andrew J Doig
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Philippe Derreumaux
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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15
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Therapeutic Effects of Conditioned Medium of Neural Differentiated Human Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells on Rotenone-Induced Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation and Apoptosis. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6658271. [PMID: 33552161 PMCID: PMC7847328 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6658271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used against several diseases. Their potential mainly appears from its secreted biomolecules. Human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSC) displayed neuronal functional characteristics after differentiation by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and forskolin. PD is a chronic age-related neurodegenerative disease (NDD) characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregations. In this present study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of neural differentiated hBMSC (NI-hBMSC) conditioned medium (NI-hBMSC-CM) to a rotenone- (ROT-) induced Parkinson's disease (PD) model in SH-SY5Y cells. NI-hBMSC-CM treatment (50% diluted) in the last 24 h of 48 h ROT (0.5 μM) toxicity showed a significant increase in cell survival. The decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression as a hallmark of PD was increased by NI-hBMSC-CM. The Triton X-100-soluble and Triton X-100-insoluble cell lysate fractions were used in Western blotting. The oligomeric, dimeric, and monomeric phosphorylated serine129 (p-S129) α-syn and total monomeric α-syn were decreased during ROT toxicity in the Triton X-100-soluble fraction. The Triton X-100-insoluble fraction revealed that ROT toxicity significantly increased the oligomeric but decreased the dimeric and monomeric p-S129 α-syn expressions while all forms of total α-syn were increased in SH-SY5Y cells. NI-hBMSC-CM stabilized the physiological α-syn monomers and reduced aggregated insoluble p-S129 α-syn against ROT. The cytoskeletal proteins, neurofilament-H (NF-H), β3-tubulin (Tuj1), neuronal nuclei (NeuN), and synaptophysin (SYP) were significantly decreased during ROT toxicity. In addition, proapoptotic Bax was increased by ROT with decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 as well as proforms of caspase-9, caspase-3, caspase-7, and PARP-1. NI-hBMSC-CM ameliorated the neurotrophic protein expressions, controlled the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, upregulated procaspases, and inactivated PARP-1. From our results, we conclude that NI-hBMSC-CM containing released biomolecules during neural differentiation employs regenerative effects on the ROT model of PD in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Jęśko H, Cieślik M, Gromadzka G, Adamczyk A. Dysfunctional proteins in neuropsychiatric disorders: From neurodegeneration to autism spectrum disorders. Neurochem Int 2020; 141:104853. [PMID: 32980494 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite fundamental differences in disease course and outcomes, neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum disorders - ASD) and neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease - AD and Parkinson's disease - PD) present surprising, common traits in their molecular pathomechanisms. Uncontrolled oligomerization and aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ), microtubule-associated protein (MAP) tau, or α-synuclein (α-syn) contribute to synaptic impairment and the ensuing neuronal death in both AD and PD. Likewise, the pathogenesis of ASD may be attributed, at least in part, to synaptic dysfunction; attention has also been recently paid to irregularities in the metabolism and function of the Aβ precursor protein (APP), tau, or α-syn. Commonly affected elements include signaling pathways that regulate cellular metabolism and survival such as insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) - PI3 kinase - Akt - mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and a number of key synaptic proteins critically involved in neuronal communication. Understanding how these shared pathomechanism elements operate in different conditions may help identify common targets and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Cieślik
- Department of Cellular Signalling, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Gromadzka
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Faculty of Medicine. Collegium Medicum, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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Protective Effect of Compound Formula Rehmannia against Neurotoxicity and Apoptosis Induced by α-Syn in In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Parkinson's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5201912. [PMID: 32879633 PMCID: PMC7448250 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5201912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of compound formula Rehmannia (CFR) against the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). After the in vivo and in vitro models of PD were established with overexpression α-syn induced, CFR was administrated into the PD model rats for 6 weeks or SK-N-SH cells with coincubation for 48 h. Apomorphine-induced rotation test, CCK8 assay, TUNEL assay, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot assay were performed to evaluate the behavioral changes, cell viability, cell apoptosis, α-syn, GSK-3β, P-GSK-3β (Ser9), P-GSK-3β (Tyr216), and β-catenin expression in PD rats or SK-N-SH cells. PD rat behavior results showed that the rotation numbers were significantly decreased in the CFR treatment group comparing with the AAV-α-syn PD model group. The cell viability suppressed by H2O2 and α-syn in SK-N-SH model cells was also significantly improved with CFR administration. Cell apoptosis and α-syn overexpression observed in PD rats and SK-N-SH cells were also inhibited by CFR treatment. Furthermore, the protein expression of α-syn, GSK-3β, P-GSK-3β (Ser9), P-GSK-3β (Tyr216), and β-catenin in in vivo and in vitro was also significantly regulated by CFR. The present study suggested that CFR may be considered as a potential neuroprotective agent against PD, and this application will require further investigation.
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Kwon S, Iba M, Kim C, Masliah E. Immunotherapies for Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases-Emerging Perspectives and New Targets. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:935-954. [PMID: 32347461 PMCID: PMC7222955 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and vascular dementia (VCID) have no disease-modifying treatments to date and now constitute a dementia crisis that affects 5 million in the USA and over 50 million worldwide. The most common pathological hallmark of these age-related neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of specific proteins, including amyloid beta (Aβ), tau, α-synuclein (α-syn), TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43), and repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) peptides, in the intra- and extracellular spaces of selected brain regions. Whereas it remains controversial whether these accumulations are pathogenic or merely a byproduct of disease, the majority of therapeutic research has focused on clearing protein aggregates. Immunotherapies have garnered particular attention for their ability to target specific protein strains and conformations as well as promote clearance. Immunotherapies can also be neuroprotective: by neutralizing extracellular protein aggregates, they reduce spread, synaptic damage, and neuroinflammation. This review will briefly examine the current state of research in immunotherapies against the 3 most commonly targeted proteins for age-related neurodegenerative disease: Aβ, tau, and α-syn. The discussion will then turn to combinatorial strategies that enhance the effects of immunotherapy against aggregating protein, followed by new potential targets of immunotherapy such as aging-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somin Kwon
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michiyo Iba
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Bhattamisra SK, Shin LY, Saad HIBM, Rao V, Candasamy M, Pandey M, Choudhury H. Interlink Between Insulin Resistance and Neurodegeneration with an Update on Current Therapeutic Approaches. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:174-183. [PMID: 32418534 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200518102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The interlink between diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) has been identified by several researchers. Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are found to be affected with cognitive impairments leading to learning and memory deficit, while patients with Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) showed less severe levels of these impairments in the brain. This review aimed to discuss the connection between insulin with the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases (AD and PD) and the current therapeutic approached mediated through insulin for management of neurodegenerative diseases. An extensive literature search was conducted using keywords "insulin"; "insulin resistance"; "Alzheimer's disease"; "Parkinson's disease" in public domains of Google scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Selected articles were used to construct this review. Studies have shown that impaired insulin signaling contributes to the accumulation of amyloid-β, neurofibrillary tangles, tau proteins and α-synuclein in the brain. Whereas, improvement in insulin signaling slows down the progression of cognitive decline. Various therapeutic approaches for altering the insulin function in the brain have been researched. Besides intranasal insulin, other therapeutics like PPAR-γ agonists, neurotrophins, stem cell therapy and insulin-like growth factor-1 are under investigation. Research has shown that insulin insensitivity in T2DM leads to neurodegeneration through mechanisms involving a variety of extracellular, membrane receptor, and intracellular signaling pathway disruptions. Some therapeutics, such as intranasal administration of insulin and neuroactive substances have shown promise but face problems related to genetic background, accessibility to the brain, and invasiveness of the procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Yuen Shin
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Vikram Rao
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Rodriguez-Vieitez E, Nielsen HM. Associations Between APOE Variants, Tau and α-Synuclein. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1184:177-186. [PMID: 32096038 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9358-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the aggregation and deposition of misfolded proteins in the brain, most prominently amyloid-β (Aβ), tau and α-synuclein (α-syn), and are thus referred to as proteinopathies. While tau is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other non-AD tauopathies, and α-synuclein is the pathological feature of the spectrum of synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), the presence of co-pathologies is very frequent in all these diseases. Positive and synergistic associations between the different types of protein deposits have been reported, leading to worse prognosis and cognitive decline. A large variation in phenotypic clinical presentation of these diseases, largely due to the frequent presence of co-pathologies, makes differential diagnosis challenging. The observed clinico-pathological overlaps suggest common underlying mechanisms, in part due to shared genetic risk factors. The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein (APOE) gene is one of the major genetic risk factors for the sporadic forms of proteinopathies, but the biological mechanisms linking APOE, tau and α-syn are not fully understood. This chapter describes current experimental evidence on the relationships between APOE variants, tau and α-syn, from clinical studies on fluid biomarkers and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and from basic experimental studies in cellular/molecular biology and animal models. The chapter focuses on recent advances and identifies knowledge gaps. In particular, no PET tracer for assessment of brain α-syn deposits is yet available, although it is subject of intense research and development, therefore experimental evidence on in vivo α-syn levels is based on measures in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. Moreover, tau PET imaging studies comparing the patterns of tracer retention in synucleinopathies versus in other proteinopathies are scarce and much is still unknown regarding the relationships between APOE variants and fluid and/or imaging biomarkers of tau and α-syn. Further research incorporating multimodal imaging, fluid biomarkers and genetic factors will help elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying these proteinopathies, and contribute to differential diagnosis and patient stratification for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrietta M Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Fan X, Zhao Z, Wang D, Xiao J. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 as a key regulator of cognitive function. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:219-230. [PMID: 32147679 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a highly conserved and multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase widely distributed in eukaryotic cells. GSK-3 is originally thought to be an enzyme that regulates glycogen synthesis. It was subsequently found that GSK-3 influences many critical cellular functions, such as cell structure, neural plasticity, gene expression, and neuronal survival. Recently, GSK-3 has been found to be associated with cognition, and its dysregulation leads to cognitive impairments in many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, depression, Parkinson's disease, and others. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the structure of GSK-3, the regulation of GSK-3 activity, and its role in cognitive function and cognitive-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Deming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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Kofoed RH, Betzer C, Ferreira N, Jensen PH. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β activity is essential for Polo-like kinase 2- and Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2-mediated regulation of α-synuclein. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 136:104720. [PMID: 31881263 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a currently incurable disease and the number of patients is expected to increase due to the extended human lifespan. α-Synuclein is a pathological hallmark of PD and variations and triplications of the gene encoding α-synuclein are strongly correlated with the risk of developing PD. Decreasing α-synuclein is therefore a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PD. We have previously demonstrated that Polo-like kinase 2 (PLK-2) regulates α-synuclein protein levels by modulating the expression of α-synuclein mRNA. In this study, we further expand the knowledge on this pathway and show that it depends on down-stream modulation of Glycogen-synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3β). We show that PLK-2 inhibition only increases α-synuclein levels in the presence of active GSK-3β in both cell lines and primary neuronal cultures. Furthermore, direct inhibition of GSK-3β decreases α-synuclein protein and mRNA levels in our cell model and overexpression of Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, known to activate GSK-3β, increases α-synuclein levels. Finally, we show an increase in endogenous α-synuclein in primary neurons when increasing GSK-3β activity. Our findings demonstrate a not previously described role of endogenous GSK-3β activity in the PLK-2 mediated regulation of α-synuclein levels. This finding opens up the possibility of GSK-3β as a novel target for decreasing α-synuclein levels by the use of small molecule compounds, hereby serving as a disease modulating strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke H Kofoed
- Aarhus University, DANDRITE - Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Dept. of Biomedicine, Ole Worms Allé 8, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Cristine Betzer
- Aarhus University, DANDRITE - Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Dept. of Biomedicine, Ole Worms Allé 8, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Nelson Ferreira
- Aarhus University, DANDRITE - Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Dept. of Biomedicine, Ole Worms Allé 8, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- Aarhus University, DANDRITE - Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Dept. of Biomedicine, Ole Worms Allé 8, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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Guimbal S, Morel A, Guérit D, Chardon M, Blangy A, Vives V. Dock5 is a new regulator of microtubule dynamic instability in osteoclasts. Biol Cell 2019; 111:271-283. [PMID: 31461543 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201900014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Osteoclast resorption is dependent on a podosome-rich structure called sealing zone. It tightly attaches the osteoclast to the bone creating a favourable acidic microenvironment for bone degradation. This adhesion structure needs to be stabilised by microtubules whose acetylation is maintained by down-regulation of deacetylase HDAC6 and/or of microtubule destabilising kinase GSK3β activities. We already established that Dock5 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1. As a consequence, Dock5 inhibition results in a decrease of the GTPase activity associated with impaired podosome assembly into sealing zones and resorbing activity in osteoclasts. More, administration of C21, a chemical compound that directly inhibits the exchange activity of Dock5, disrupts osteoclast podosome organisation and protects mice against bone degradation in models recapitulating major osteolytic diseases. RESULTS In this report, we show that Dock5 knockout osteoclasts also present a reduced acetylated tubulin level leading to a decreased length and duration of microtubule growth phases, whereas their growth speed remains unaffected. Dock5 does not act by direct interaction with the polymerised tubulin. Using specific Rac inhibitors, we showed that Dock5 regulates microtubule dynamic instability through Rac-dependent and -independent pathways. The latter involves GSK3β inhibitory serine 9 phosphorylation downstream of Akt activation but not HDAC6 activity. CONCLUSION We showed that Dock5 is a new regulator of microtubule dynamic instability in osteoclast. SIGNIFICANCE Dock5 dual role in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and microtubule, which both need to be intact for bone resorption, reinforces the fact that it is an interesting therapeutic target for osteolytic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Guimbal
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
| | - Anne Morel
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
| | - David Guérit
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
| | - Manon Chardon
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
| | - Anne Blangy
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
| | - Virginie Vives
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
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24
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Norwitz NG, Mota AS, Norwitz SG, Clarke K. Multi-Loop Model of Alzheimer Disease: An Integrated Perspective on the Wnt/GSK3β, α-Synuclein, and Type 3 Diabetes Hypotheses. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:184. [PMID: 31417394 PMCID: PMC6685392 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the prevalence of Alzheimer disease (AD) continues to rise unabated, new models have been put forth to improve our understanding of this devastating condition. Although individual models may have their merits, integrated models may prove more valuable. Indeed, the reliable failures of monotherapies for AD, and the ensuing surrender of major drug companies, suggests that an integrated perspective may be necessary if we are to invent multifaceted treatments that could ultimately prove more successful. In this review article, we discuss the Wnt/Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β), α-synuclein, and type 3 diabetes hypotheses of AD, and their deep interconnection, in order to foster the integrative thinking that may be required to reach a solution for the coming neurological epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Norwitz
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Soto Mota
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sam G Norwitz
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kieran Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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25
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Twohig D, Nielsen HM. α-synuclein in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:23. [PMID: 31186026 PMCID: PMC6558879 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Alzheimer’s disease (AD) afflicted brain is neuropathologically defined by extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. However, accumulating evidence suggests that the presynaptic protein α-synuclein (αSyn), mainly associated with synucleinopathies like Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), is involved in the pathophysiology of AD. Lewy-related pathology (LRP), primarily comprised of αSyn, is present in a majority of autopsied AD brains, and higher levels of αSyn in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD have been linked to cognitive decline. Recent studies also suggest that the asymptomatic accumulation of Aβ plaques is associated with higher CSF αSyn levels in subjects at risk of sporadic AD and in individuals carrying autosomal dominant AD mutations. Experimental evidence has further linked αSyn mainly to tau hyperphosphorylation, but also to the pathological actions of Aβ and the APOEε4 allele, the latter being a major genetic risk factor for both AD and DLB. In this review, we provide a summary of the current evidence proposing an involvement of αSyn either as an active or passive player in the pathophysiological ensemble of AD, and furthermore describe in detail the current knowledge of αSyn structure and inferred function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Twohig
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 16B, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrietta M Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 16B, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Hampel H, Lista S, Mango D, Nisticò R, Perry G, Avila J, Hernandez F, Geerts H, Vergallo A. Lithium as a Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease: The Systems Pharmacology Perspective. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 69:615-629. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Dalila Mango
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, European Brain Research Institute, Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, European Brain Research Institute, Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, One UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jesus Avila
- Centro de Biologia Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Cientificas, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolas Cabrera, 1. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative, Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Hernandez
- Centro de Biologia Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Cientificas, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolas Cabrera, 1. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative, Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Geerts
- In silico Biosciences, Computational Neuropharmacology, Berwyn, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
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27
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Kuo YC, Rajesh R. Challenges in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: recent progress and treatment strategies of pharmaceuticals targeting notable pathological factors. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:623-652. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1621750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
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28
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Marvian AT, Koss DJ, Aliakbari F, Morshedi D, Outeiro TF. In vitro models of synucleinopathies: informing on molecular mechanisms and protective strategies. J Neurochem 2019; 150:535-565. [PMID: 31004503 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is a central player in Parkinson's disease (PD) and in a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases collectively known as synucleinopathies. The protein was first associated with PD just over 20 years ago, when it was found to (i) be a major component of Lewy bodies and (ii) to be also associated with familial forms of PD. The characterization of α-Syn pathology has been achieved through postmortem studies of human brains. However, the identification of toxic mechanisms associated with α-Syn was only achieved through the use of experimental models. In vitro models are highly accessible, enable relatively rapid studies, and have been extensively employed to address α-Syn-associated neurodegeneration. Given the diversity of models used and the outcomes of the studies, a cumulative and comprehensive perspective emerges as indispensable to pave the way for further investigations. Here, we subdivided in vitro models of α-Syn pathology into three major types: (i) models simulating α-Syn fibrillization and the formation of different aggregated structures in vitro, (ii) models based on the intracellular expression of α-Syn, reporting on pathogenic conditions and cellular dysfunctions induced, and (iii) models using extracellular treatment with α-Syn aggregated species, reporting on sites of interaction and their downstream consequences. In summary, we review the underlying molecular mechanisms discovered and categorize protective strategies, in order to pave the way for future studies and the identification of effective therapeutic strategies. This article is part of the Special Issue "Synuclein".
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tayaranian Marvian
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - David J Koss
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Farhang Aliakbari
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dina Morshedi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany.,University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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Ghalandari B, Asadollahi K, Shakerizadeh A, Komeili A, Riazi G, Kamrava SK, Attaran N. Microtubule network as a potential candidate for targeting by gold nanoparticle-assisted photothermal therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 192:131-140. [PMID: 30735954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy is achieving ever-increasing attention as a promising method for killing cancer cells. Although, gold nanoparticles are regarded as one of the most effective photothermal therapy agents, the mechanisms underlying their action have to be addressed. Moreover, studies have showed that gold nanoparticles induce apoptosis in treated cultures. Hence, in this study, we investigated the interaction of folic acid functionalized gold nanoparticles and gold-shelled Fe3O4 nanoparticles with microtubule and microtubule associated protein tau in order to introduce intracellular targets of these nanoparticles and provide a holistic view about the mechanism of action of gold nanoparticles used in photothermal therapy. Various spectroscopic methods were used to find gold nanoparticles interaction with Tubulin and Tau. Our results indicated that these gold nanoparticles interact with both Tau and Tubulin and their affinity increases as temperature rises. Also, the results illustrated that quenching mechanism for gold nanoparticles interaction with Tubulin and Tau was static. The hydrophobic interaction was determined as driving force for gold nanoparticles binding to Tubulin and Tau. Moreover, it was showed that both type of gold nanoparticles stabilize microtubule polymers. These results suggest Tau and Tubulin as intracellular target of gold nanoparticles and propose that microtubule network is at the heart of apoptosis mechanisms initiated by photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behafarid Ghalandari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kazem Asadollahi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shakerizadeh
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Clinical Nanomedicine Laboratory, ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Research Center, RasoulAkram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Komeili
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- Clinical Nanomedicine Laboratory, ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Research Center, RasoulAkram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Attaran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Cell Responses to Extracellular α-Synuclein. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020305. [PMID: 30650656 PMCID: PMC6359176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleins are small naturally unfolded proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The family contains three members: α-, β-, and -synuclein. α-Synuclein is the most thoroughly investigated because of its close association with Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. Until recently, the synuclein's research was mainly focused on their intracellular forms. However, new studies highlighted the important role of extracellular synucleins. Extracellular forms of synucleins propagate between various types of cells, bind to cell surface receptors and transmit signals, regulating numerous intracellular processes. Here we give an update of the latest results about the mechanisms of action of extracellular synucleins, their binding to cell surface receptors, effect on biochemical pathways and the role in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.
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31
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Jęśko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A. The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2019. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Twohig D, Rodriguez-Vieitez E, Sando SB, Berge G, Lauridsen C, Møller I, Grøntvedt GR, Bråthen G, Patra K, Bu G, Benzinger TLS, Karch CM, Fagan A, Morris JC, Bateman RJ, Nordberg A, White LR, Nielsen HM. The relevance of cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein levels to sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:130. [PMID: 30477568 PMCID: PMC6260771 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrating higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-synuclein (αSyn) levels and αSyn pathology in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients suggests that αSyn is involved in the pathophysiology of AD. To investigate whether αSyn could be related to specific aspects of the pathophysiology present in both sporadic and familial disease, we quantified CSF levels of αSyn and assessed links to various disease parameters in a longitudinally followed cohort (n = 136) including patients with sporadic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, and in a cross-sectional sample from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Network (n = 142) including participants carrying autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) gene mutations and their non-mutation carrying family members.Our results show that sporadic MCI patients that developed AD over a period of two years exhibited higher baseline αSyn levels (p = 0.03), which inversely correlated to their Mini-Mental State Examination scores, compared to cognitively normal controls (p = 0.02). In the same patients, there was a dose-dependent positive association between CSF αSyn and the APOEε4 allele. Further, CSF αSyn levels were higher in symptomatic ADAD mutation carriers versus non-mutation carriers (p = 0.03), and positively correlated to the estimated years from symptom onset (p = 0.05) across all mutation carriers. In asymptomatic (Clinical Dementia Rating < 0.5) PET amyloid-positive ADAD mutation carriers CSF αSyn was positively correlated to 11C-Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB) retention in several brain regions including the posterior cingulate, superior temporal and frontal cortical areas. Importantly, APOEε4-positive ADAD mutation carriers exhibited an association between CSF αSyn levels and mean cortical PiB retention (p = 0.032). In both the sporadic AD and ADAD cohorts we found several associations predominantly between CSF levels of αSyn, tau and amyloid-β1-40.Our results suggest that higher CSF αSyn levels are linked to AD pathophysiology at the early stages of disease development and to the onset of cognitive symptoms in both sporadic and autosomal dominant AD. We conclude that APOEε4 may promote the processes driven by αSyn, which in turn may reflect on molecular mechanisms linked to the asymptomatic build-up of amyloid plaque burden in brain regions involved in the early stages of AD development.
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Zhong L, Liu H, Zhang W, Liu X, Jiang B, Fei H, Sun Z. Ellagic acid ameliorates learning and memory impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice via inhibition of β-amyloid production and tau hyperphosphorylation. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4951-4958. [PMID: 30542451 PMCID: PMC6257515 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation are considered to be the primary pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Targeted inhibition of these pathological processes may provide effective treatments for AD. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that ellagic acid (EA) exerts neuroprotective effects in several diseases. The present study investigated the effects of EA on AD-associated learning and memory deficits on APP/PS1 double transgenic mice and the underlying mechanisms. APP/PS1 mice or wild-type C57BL/6 mice were intragastrically administered EA (50 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 60 consecutive days. The learning and memory abilities of mice were investigated using the Morris water maze test. Hippocampal regions were examined for the presence of amyloid plaques, neuronal apoptosis and tau phosphorylation. Expression levels of APP, Aβ, RAC-αserine/threonine-protein kinase and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β in the hippocampus were determined by western blot analysis and ELISA. The results demonstrated that EA treatment ameliorated spatial learning and memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice and significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis and Aβ deposition in the hippocampus (P<0.05 and P<0.01). In addition, EA significantly inhibited the hyperphosphorylation of tau and significantly decreased the activity of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β (P<0.01), which is involved in tau phosphorylation. Overall, these findings indicated that the beneficial effects of EA on AD-associated cognitive impairments may be attributed to the inhibition of Aβ production and tau hyperphosphorylation, and its beneficial action may be mediated in part, by the RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase/GSK3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China.,Postdoctoral Program, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Postdoctoral Program, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Second Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- Experimental Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Fei
- Department of Pathology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Zhongren Sun
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Clinical Neurobiology (Encephalopathy), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
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Vergallo A, Bun RS, Toschi N, Baldacci F, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Cavedo E, Lamari F, Habert MO, Dubois B, Floris R, Garaci F, Lista S, Hampel H. Association of cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein with total and phospho-tau 181 protein concentrations and brain amyloid load in cognitively normal subjective memory complainers stratified by Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:1623-1631. [PMID: 30055132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several neurodegenerative brain proteinopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are associated with cerebral deposition of insoluble aggregates of α-synuclein. Previous studies reported a trend toward increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-synuclein (α-syn) concentrations in AD compared with other neurodegenerative diseases and healthy controls. METHODS The pathophysiological role of CSF α-syn in asymptomatic subjects at risk of AD has not been explored. We performed a large-scale cross-sectional observational monocentric study of preclinical individuals at risk for AD (INSIGHT-preAD). RESULTS We found a positive association between CSF α-syn concentrations and brain β-amyloid deposition measures as mean cortical standard uptake value ratios. We demonstrate positive correlations between CSF α-syn and both CSF t-tau and p-tau181 concentrations. DISCUSSION Animal models presented evidence, indicating that α-syn may synergistically and directly induce fibrillization of both tau and β-amyloid. Our data indicate an association of CSF α-syn with AD-related pathophysiological mechanisms, during the preclinical phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vergallo
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France.
| | - René-Sosata Bun
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Department of Radiology, "Athinoula A. Martinos" Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Enrica Cavedo
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Foudil Lamari
- AP-HP, UF Biochimie des Maladies Neuro-métaboliques, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France; Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images (www.cati-neuroimaging.com), France; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Floris
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Casa di Cura "San Raffaele Cassino", Cassino, Italy
| | - Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
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Wilkaniec A, Lenkiewicz AM, Czapski GA, Jęśko HM, Hilgier W, Brodzik R, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Culmsee C, Adamczyk A. Extracellular Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers Induce Parkin S-Nitrosylation: Relevance to Sporadic Parkinson's Disease Etiopathology. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:125-140. [PMID: 29681024 PMCID: PMC6334739 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (ASN) and parkin, a multifunctional E3 ubiquitin ligase, are two proteins that are associated with the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Excessive release of ASN, its oligomerization, aggregation, and deposition in the cytoplasm contribute to neuronal injury and cell death through oxidative-nitrosative stress induction, mitochondrial impairment, and synaptic dysfunction. In contrast, overexpression of parkin provides protection against cellular stresses and prevents dopaminergic neural cell loss in several animal models of PD. However, the influence of ASN on the function of parkin is largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of extracellular ASN oligomers on parkin expression, S-nitrosylation, as well as its activity. For these investigations, we used rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell line treated with exogenous oligomeric ASN as well as PC12 cells with parkin overexpression and parkin knock-down. The experiments were performed using spectrophotometric, spectrofluorometric, and immunochemical methods. We found that exogenous ASN oligomers induce oxidative/nitrosative stress leading to parkin S-nitrosylation. Moreover, this posttranslational modification induced the elevation of parkin autoubiquitination and degradation of the protein. The decreased parkin levels resulted in significant cell death, whereas parkin overexpression protected against toxicity induced by extracellular ASN oligomers. We conclude that lowering parkin levels by extracellular ASN may significantly contribute to the propagation of neurodegeneration in PD pathology through accumulation of defective proteins as a consequence of parkin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilkaniec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Lenkiewicz
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz A Czapski
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henryk M Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hilgier
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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Li L, Chen S, Wang Y, Yue X, Xu J, Xie W, Qiu P, Liu C, Wang A, Wang H. Role of GSK3β/α-synuclein axis in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:221-234. [PMID: 30090577 PMCID: PMC6062219 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00189d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is well-known as a potent psychostimulant of abuse worldwide. METH administration can cause neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative injury, which are similar to the two prevalent neurodegenerative disorders Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent results suggested that METH exposure increased the level of α-synuclein (α-syn) that could be a possible cause of neurotoxicity. However, the mechanism of METH-induced neurodegeneration remains unclear. This study was aimed at examining the effects of glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK3β), α-syn, and tau on METH-induced neurotoxicity. Our results indicated that P-GSK3β (Tyr216), P-Tau (Ser396), α-syn, and P-α-syn (Ser129) levels were increased after METH administration in dose- and time-dependent manners. Upon inhibiting the GSK3β activity with LiCl or GSK3β-siRNA, these protein expressions were significantly decreased. We observed that LiCl protected the cells from METH-caused cytotoxicity by weakening the cell morphological damage and preventing cell apoptosis and death. We also found that P-GSK3β colocalized with P-Tau and α-syn by the immunofluorescence method. Further, METH disrupted the cellular autophagy by upregulation of LC3-II and P62 proteins, and the cellular autophagy was restored by LiCl and GSK3β-siRNA. The expressions of the α-syn-specific degradative enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase) with its regulator lysosomal integral membrane protein type-2 (LIMP-2) decreased inversely with the doses of METH treatment. The GCase inhibitor conduritol-β-epoxide (CβE) increased the α-syn levels, and LiCl restored GCase and LIMP-2 expressions disrupted by the METH treatment. In summary, we conclude that GSK3β plays key roles in METH-induced neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative injury by promoting abnormal protein phosphorylation and α-syn accumulation, blocking the autophagy-lysosomal degradation pathway, and finally leading to cell apoptosis and death. GSK3β may be a potential target to prevent METH-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeng Li
- School of Forensic Medicine , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86 2062789101
| | - Si Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86 2062789101
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86 2062789101
| | - Xia Yue
- School of Forensic Medicine , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86 2062789101
| | - Jingtao Xu
- School of Forensic Medicine , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86 2062789101
| | - Weibing Xie
- School of Forensic Medicine , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86 2062789101
| | - Pingming Qiu
- School of Forensic Medicine , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86 2062789101
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute , Guangzhou 510030 , People's Republic of China
| | - AiFeng Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86 2062789101
| | - Huijun Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86 2062789101
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Yang L, Wang H, Liu L, Xie A. The Role of Insulin/IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Signaling in Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Front Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29515352 PMCID: PMC5826217 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia, a condition that frequently afflicts patients in advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD), results in decreased quality of life and survival time. Nevertheless, the pathological mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) are not completely understood. The symptoms characteristic of PDD may be the result of functional and structural deficiencies. The present study implicates the accumulation of Lewy bodies in the cortex and limbic system as a potent trigger in the development of PDD. In addition, significant Alzheimer-type pathologies, including amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and NFTs, are observed in almost half of PDD patients. Interestingly, links between PDD pathogenesis and the mechanisms underlying the development of insulin resistance have begun to emerge. Furthermore, previous studies have demonstrated that insulin treatment reduces amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and normalizes the production and functionality of dopamine and ameliorates motor impairments in 6-OHDA-induced rat PD models. GSK3β, a downstream substrate of PI3K/Akt signaling following induction by insulin and IGF-1, exerts an influence on AD and PD physiopathology. The genetic overexpression of GSK3β in cortex and hippocampus results in signs of neurodegeneration and spatial learning deficits in in vivo models (Lucas et al., 2001), whereas its inhibition results in improvements in cognitive impairment in these rodents, including AD and PD. Accordingly, insulin- or IGF-1-activated PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling may be involved in PDD pathogenesis, at least in the pathology of PD-type + AD-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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38
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Carnwath T, Mohammed R, Tsiang D. The direct and indirect effects of α-synuclein on microtubule stability in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:1685-1695. [PMID: 29983568 PMCID: PMC6027679 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s166322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, the mechanism of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis remains unclear. Studies have focused heavily on the protein α-synuclein, which is the primary component of Lewy bodies, the pathologic inclusions that are the hallmark of Parkinson's on the cellular level. While the roles of α-synuclein in causing mitochondrial dysfunction and disruptions to the proteasomal system have been well documented, recently, its role in effecting microtubule dynamics has been investigated as a potential source of pathogenicity. Here, we evaluate the evidence for and against the role of α-synuclein in destabilizing microtubules, causing axonal transport deficits and eventually neurodegeneration. We present evidence for a model where α-synuclein has both a direct and indirect effect on microtubule stability. Directly, it may act as a microtubule-associated protein, binding to microtubules and directly effecting their dynamics. Indirectly, it may promote the hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule stabilizing protein, tau, leading to tau aggregation with other microtubule stabilizing proteins, hence indirectly causing microtubule destabilization. This model provides insights into the function of α-synuclein and tau in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and raises the possibility that this role that may also be conserved in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Carnwath
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raihan Mohammed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,
| | - Daniel Tsiang
- Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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39
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Delayed neurochemical effects of prenatal exposure to MeHg in the cerebellum of developing rats. Toxicol Lett 2017; 284:161-169. [PMID: 29258870 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human fetuses and neonates are particularly vulnerable to methylmercury (MeHg)-induced brain damage and are sensitive even to low exposure levels. Previous work of our group evidence that prenatal exposure to MeHg causes cognitive and behavioral alterations and disrupt hippocampus signaling. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of gestational exposure of rats to MeHg at low doses (1 or 2 mg/kg) on parameters of redox imbalance and key signaling pathways in the cerebellum of their offspring. Pregnant females received MeHg (treated group) or 0.9% saline water (control group) by gavage in alternated days from gestational day 5 (GD5) until parturition and analyzes were proceed in the cerebellum of 30-day-old pups. We found increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation levels as well as decreased SH content in pups prenatally exposed to 2 mg/kg MeHg. In addition, misregulated SOD/catalase activities supported imbalanced redox equilibrium. We found decreased GSK3β(Ser9) phosphorylation, suggesting activation of this enzyme and dephosphorylation/inhibition of ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. Increased PKAα catalytic subunit could be upstream of hyperphosphorylated c-Raf(Ser259) and downregulated MAPK pathway. In addition, we found raised levels of the Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase 2 B (PP2B). We also found preserved immunohistochemical staining for both glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and NeuN in MeHg-exposed pups. Western blot analysis showed unaltered levels of BAX/BCL-XL, BAD/BCL-2 and active caspase 3. Together, these findings support absence of reactive astrocytes, neuronal damage and apoptotic cell death in the cerebellum of MeHg treated pups. The present study provides evidence that prenatal exposure to MeHg leads to later redox imbalance and disrupted signaling mechanisms in the cerebellum of 30-day-old pups potentially predisposing them to long-lasting neurological impairments in CNS.
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40
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Yi L, Huang X, Guo F, Zhou Z, Chang M, Huan J. GSK-3Beta-Dependent Activation of GEF-H1/ROCK Signaling Promotes LPS-Induced Lung Vascular Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction and Acute Lung Injury. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:357. [PMID: 28824887 PMCID: PMC5543036 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to the extensive vascular endothelial cells (EC) injury under septic conditions. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1)/ROCK signaling not only involved in LPS-induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory mediator in ECs but also implicated in LPS-induced endothelial hyper-permeability. However, the mechanisms behind LPS-induced GEF-H1/ROCK signaling activation in the progress of EC injury remain incompletely understood. GEF-H1 localized on microtubules (MT) and is suppressed in its MT-bound state. MT disassembly promotes GEF-H1 release from MT and stimulates downstream ROCK-specific GEF activity. Since glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3beta) participates in regulating MT dynamics under pathologic conditions, we examined the pivotal roles for GSK-3beta in modulating LPS-induced activation of GEF-H1/ROCK, increase of vascular endothelial permeability and severity of acute lung injury (ALI). In this study, we found that LPS induced human pulmonary endothelial cell (HPMEC) monolayers disruption accompanied by increase in GSK-3beta activity, activation of GEF-H1/ROCK signaling and decrease in beta-catenin and ZO-1 expression. Inhibition of GSK-3beta reduced HPMEC monolayers hyper-permeability and GEF-H1/ROCK activity in response to LPS. GSK-3beta/GEF-H1/ROCK signaling is implicated in regulating the expression of beta-catenin and ZO-1. In vivo, GSK-3beta inhibition attenuated LPS-induced activation of GEF-H1/ROCK pathway, lung edema and subsequent ALI. These findings present a new mechanism of GSK-3beta-dependent exacerbation of lung micro-vascular hyper-permeability and escalation of ALI via activation of GEF-H1/ROCK signaling and disruption of intracellular junctional proteins under septic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South CampusShanghai, China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zengding Zhou
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Mengling Chang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jingning Huan
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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41
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Oh SH, Lee SC, Kim DY, Kim HN, Shin JY, Ye BS, Lee PH. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stabilize Axonal Transports for Autophagic Clearance of α-Synuclein in Parkinsonian Models. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1934-1947. [PMID: 28580639 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified two loci, SNCA and the microtubule (MT)-associated protein tau, as common risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). Specifically, α-synuclein directly destabilizes MT via tau phosphorylation and induces axonal transport deficits that are the primary events leading to an abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein that causes nigral dopaminergic cell loss. In this study, we demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could modulate cytoskeletal networks and trafficking to exert neuroprotective properties in wild-type or A53T α-synuclein overexpressing cells and mice. Moreover, we found that eukaryotic elongation factor 1A-2, a soluble factor derived from MSCs, stabilized MT assembly by decreasing calcium/calmodulin-dependent tau phosphorylation and induced autophagolysosome fusion, which was accompanied by an increase in the axonal motor proteins and increased neuronal survival. Our data suggest that MSCs have beneficial effects on axonal transports via MT stability by controlling α-synuclein-induced tau phosphorylation, indicating that MSCs may exert a protective role in the early stages of axonal transport defects in α-synucleinopathies. Stem Cells 2017;35:1934-1947.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Oh
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Cheol Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Yeol Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ha Na Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Shin
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that hyperphosphorylation of tau protein plays a role in neuronal toxicities of α-synuclein (ASYN) in neurodegenerative disease such as familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease. Using a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that expresses GFP-ASYN driven by the PDGF-β promoter, we investigated how accumulation of ASYN impacted axonal function. We found that retrograde axonal trafficking of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in DIV7 cultures of E18 cortical neurons was markedly impaired at the embryonic stage, even though hyperphosphorylation of tau was not detectable in these neurons at this stage. Interestingly, we found that overexpressed ASYN interacted with dynein and induced a significant increase in the activated levels of small Rab GTPases such as Rab5 and Rab7, both key regulators of endocytic processes. Furthermore, expression of ASYN resulted in neuronal atrophy in DIV7 cortical cultures of either from E18 transgenic mouse model or from rat E18 embryos that were transiently transfected with ASYN-GFP for 72 hrs. Our studies suggest that excessive ASYN likely alters endocytic pathways leading to axonal dysfunction in embryonic cortical neurons in PD mouse models.
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43
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Wilkaniec A, Gąssowska M, Czapski GA, Cieślik M, Sulkowski G, Adamczyk A. P2X7 receptor-pannexin 1 interaction mediates extracellular alpha-synuclein-induced ATP release in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:347-361. [PMID: 28516276 PMCID: PMC5563296 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of alpha-synuclein (ASN), the main component of protein deposits (Lewy bodies), were observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer’s disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders. These alterations include increase in the levels of soluble ASN oligomers in the extracellular space. Numerous works have identified several mechanisms of their toxicity, including stimulation of the microglial P2X7 receptor leading to oxidative stress. While the significant role of purinergic signaling—particularly, P2 family receptors—in neurodegenerative disorders is well known, the interaction of extracellular soluble ASN with neuronal purinergic receptors is yet to be studied. Therefore, in this study, we have investigated the effect of ASN on P2 purinergic receptors and ATP-dependent signaling. We used neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line and rat synaptoneurosomes treated with exogenous soluble ASN. The experiments were performed using spectrofluorometric, radiochemical, and immunochemical methods. We found the following: (i) ASN-induced intracellular free calcium mobilization in neuronal cells and nerve endings depends on the activation of purinergic P2X7 receptors; (ii) activation of P2X7 receptors leads to pannexin 1 recruitment to form an active complex responsible for ATP release; and (iii) ASN greatly decreases the activity of extracellular ecto-ATPase responsible for ATP degradation. Thus, it is concluded that purinergic receptors might be putative pharmacological targets in the molecular mechanism of extracellular ASN toxicity. Interference with P2X7 signaling seems to be a promising strategy for the prevention or therapy of PD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilkaniec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz A Czapski
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Cieślik
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sulkowski
- Department of Neurochemistry, Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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Wu X, Kosaraju J, Tam KY. SLM, a novel carbazole-based fluorophore attenuates okadaic acid-induced tau hyperphosphorylation via down-regulating GSK-3β activity in SH-SY5Y cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 110:101-108. [PMID: 28359686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylated tau dissociates from microtubules and aggregates to form neurofibrillary tangles resulting in neuronal toxicity and cognitive deficits. Attenuating tau hyperphosphorylation is considered as an effective therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease (AD). From our previous study, SLM, a carbazole-based fluorophore prevents Aβ aggregation, reduced glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity and tau hyperphosphorylation in triple transgenic mouse model of AD. However, the mechanism by which SLM attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation warrants further investigation. In the current study, we intend to evaluate the effects of SLM against okadaic acid (OA)-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and microtubules instability in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. The results showed that, SLM reduced the OA-induced cell neurotoxicity and tau hyperphosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cells. SLM treatment down-regulated GSK-3β activity. However, in the presence of GSK-3β inhibitor (SB216763, 10μM), SLM treatment could not reduce GSK-3β activity and tau hyperphosphorylation as compared with SB216763 treatment alone. Furthermore, SLM treatment also ameliorated OA-induced microtubules instability and cytoskeleton damage. Collectively, SLM attenuated OA-induced tau hyperphosphorylation via down-regulating GSK-3β activity in SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, this study supports SLM as a potential compound for AD and other tau pathology-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | | | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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Wang Y, Santerre M, Tempera I, Martin K, Mukerjee R, Sawaya BE. HIV-1 Vpr disrupts mitochondria axonal transport and accelerates neuronal aging. Neuropharmacology 2017; 117:364-375. [PMID: 28212984 PMCID: PMC5397298 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of mitochondria axonal transport, essential for the maintenance of synaptic and neuronal integrity and function, has been identified in neurodegenerative diseases. Whether HIV-1 viral proteins affect mitochondria axonal transport is unknown, albeit HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders occur in around half of the patients living with HIV. Therefore, we sought to examine the effect of HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) on mitochondria axonal transport. Using mice primary neuronal cultures, we demonstrated that 4-day Vpr treatment reduced the ratio of moving mitochondria associated with (i) less energy (ATP) supply, (ii) reduction in Miro-1 and (iii) increase of α-synuclein which led to loss of microtubule stability as demonstrated by inconsecutive distribution of acetylated α-tubulin along the axons. Interestingly, the effect of Vpr on mitochondria axonal transport was partially restored in the presence of bongkrekic acid, a compound that negatively affected the Vpr-adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) interaction and totally restored the ATP level in neurons. This indicated Vpr impaired mitochondria axonal transport partially related to its interaction with ANT. The above effect of Vpr was similar to the data obtained from hippocampal tissues isolated from 18-month-old aging mice compared to 5-month-old mice. In accord with previous clinical findings that HIV infection prematurely ages the brain and increases the susceptibility to HAND, we found that Vpr induced aging markers in neurons. Thus, we concluded that instead of causing cell death, low concentration of HIV-1 Vpr altered neuronal function related with inhibition of mitochondria axonal transport which might contribute to the accelerated neuronal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, United States; Department of Neurology, The Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, United States.
| | - Maryline Santerre
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, United States; Department of Neurology, The Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, United States
| | - Italo Tempera
- Department of Neurology, The Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, United States
| | - Kayla Martin
- Department of Neurology, The Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, United States
| | - Ruma Mukerjee
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, United States; Department of Neurology, The Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, United States
| | - Bassel E Sawaya
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, United States; Department of Neurology, The Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, United States; Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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van Diggelen F, Tepper AWJW, Apetri MM, Otzen DE. α-Synuclein Oligomers: A Study in Diversity. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Femke van Diggelen
- Crossbeta Biosciences; Padualaan 8 3584CH Utrecht The Netherlands
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000C Aarhus Denmark
| | | | | | - Daniel E. Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000C Aarhus Denmark
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Dominiak A, Wilkaniec A, Wroczyński P, Adamczyk A. Selenium in the Therapy of Neurological Diseases. Where is it Going? Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:282-99. [PMID: 26549649 PMCID: PMC4857624 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666151223100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (34Se), an antioxidant trace element, is an important regulator of brain function. These beneficial properties that Se possesses are attributed to its ability to be incorporated into selenoproteins as an amino acid. Several selenoproteins are expressed in the brain, in which some of them, e.g. glutathione peroxidases (GPxs), thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs) or selenoprotein P (SelP), are strongly involved in antioxidant defence and in maintaining intercellular reducing conditions. Since increased oxidative stress has been implicated in neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, epilepsy and others, a growing body of evidence suggests that Se depletion followed by decreased activity of Se-dependent enzymes may be important factors connected with those pathologies. Undoubtedly, the remarkable progress that has been made in understanding the biological function of Se in the brain has opened up new potential possibilities for the treatment of neurological diseases by using Se as a potential drug. However, further research in the search for optimal Se donors is necessary in order to achieve an effective and safe therapeutic income.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Wilkaniec
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Traditional Chinese Medicine Huannao Yicong Decoction Extract Decreases Tau Hyperphosphorylation in the Brain of Alzheimer's Disease Model Rats Induced by A β1-42. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6840432. [PMID: 28018474 PMCID: PMC5153479 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6840432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Huannao Yicong Decoction (HYD, 还脑益聪方) has been shown to improve the learning and memory capabilities of Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be determined. Methods. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally and randomly into five different groups including control, positive control, and HYD granules of low dose, medium dose, and high dose by daily gavage. The sham-treated rats were also given the same volume of sterile water by gavage. Twelve SD rats were treated with the same amount of physiological saline. Twelve weeks later, learning and memory capabilities, Aβ content of the right brain and the expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), total tau protein kinase (TTBK1), and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK-5) were tested. Results. Our results showed that high dose HYD treatment significantly improved the learning and memory capability of the AD rats and decreased the expression of TTBK1, GSK-3β, and CDK-5 in the hippocampal CA1 region. Conclusions. HYD treatment for 12 weeks significantly improved spatial learning and memory and effectively inhibited Aβ deposition, likely via reducing tau protein kinase expression and thus tau hyperphosphorylation and inflammatory injury. Taken together, these results suggest that HYD could be an effective treatment for AD.
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Jęśko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Adamczyk A. Treatments and compositions targeting α-synuclein: a patent review (2010-2016). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 27:427-438. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1261112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M. Lenkiewicz
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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50
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Back to the tubule: microtubule dynamics in Parkinson's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:409-434. [PMID: 27600680 PMCID: PMC5241350 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal homeostasis is essential for the development, survival and maintenance of an efficient nervous system. Microtubules are highly dynamic polymers important for neuronal growth, morphology, migration and polarity. In cooperation with several classes of binding proteins, microtubules regulate long-distance intracellular cargo trafficking along axons and dendrites. The importance of a delicate interplay between cytoskeletal components is reflected in several human neurodegenerative disorders linked to abnormal microtubule dynamics, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mounting evidence now suggests PD pathogenesis might be underlined by early cytoskeletal dysfunction. Advances in genetics have identified PD-associated mutations and variants in genes encoding various proteins affecting microtubule function including the microtubule-associated protein tau. In this review, we highlight the role of microtubules, their major posttranslational modifications and microtubule associated proteins in neuronal function. We then present key evidence on the contribution of microtubule dysfunction to PD. Finally, we discuss how regulation of microtubule dynamics with microtubule-targeting agents and deacetylase inhibitors represents a promising strategy for innovative therapeutic development.
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