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Zhao X, Wang Y, Liang C. Cigarette smoking and risk of bladder cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2022; 54:1169-1185. [PMID: 35332429 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03173-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The disease burden of bladder cancer is increasing worldwide; therefore, to deal with this situation, many studies on bladder cancer have been carried out extensively. Among these studies, the risk factors studies may provide a possible way to reduce the incidence of bladder cancer. Meta-analyses and original researches have confirmed that smoking is a risk factor of bladder cancer. However, the specific dose-response relationship between smoking and bladder cancer risk was still unclear. This meta-analysis addresses this research gap by summarizing the accumulated evidences, quantitatively. METHODS Relevant studies were obtained by searching PubMed, Embase and Web of Science database since inception until August 10, 2021, without restrictions. To obtain more comprehensive data, reference lists of identified articles were also browsed. Studies that reported risk estimates (relative risks (RR) or odds ratio (OR)) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) focusing on the association between cigarette smoking and risk of bladder cancer were included in a dose-response meta-analysis. RESULTS A non-linear dose-response relationship was confirmed between cigarette smoking and risk of bladder cancer on the basis of 8 cohorts and 44 case-control studies. The summary relative risk of developing bladder cancer for 1 more cigarettes/day (7 cohorts and 24 case-control studies) was 1.039 (95% CI 1.038-1.040, I2 = 0%), for 1 more pack-year (3 cohorts and 21 case-control studies) was 1.017(95% CI 1.016-1.019, I2 = 0%) and for 1 more year of exposure (16 case-control studies) was 1.021 (95% CI 1.020-1.023, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION A positive non-linear dose-response relationship is confirmed between all smoking intensity, pack-years of smoking, smoking duration(years) and the risk of bladder cancer, but the plateau only occurred when smoking intensity reached 20 cigarettes/day. Further studies should report more detailed results, including those for subtypes of gender, age, region and be stratified by other risk factors to rule out residual confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanli Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Rehman MYA, Taqi MM, Hussain I, Nasir J, Rizvi SHH, Syed JH. Elevated exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may trigger cancers in Pakistan: an environmental, occupational, and genetic perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:42405-42423. [PMID: 32875453 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic compounds which are emitted through incomplete combustion of organic materials, fossil fuels, consumption of processed meat, smoked food, and from various industrial activities. High molecular mass and mobility make PAHs widespread and lethal for human health. A cellular system in human detoxifies these toxicants through specialized enzymatic machinery called xenobiotic-metabolizing (CYP450) and phase-II (GSTs) enzymes (XMEs). These metabolizing enzymes include cytochromes P450 family (CYP1, CYP2), glutathione s-transferases, and ALDHs. Gene polymorphisms in XMEs encoding genes can compromise their metabolizing capacity to detoxify ingested carcinogens (PAHs etc.) that may lead to prolong and elevated exposure to ingested toxicants and may consequently lead to cancer. Moreover, PAHs can induce cancer through reprograming XMEs' gene functions by altering their epigenetic markers. This review article discusses possible interplay between individual's gene polymorphism in XMEs' genes, their altered epigenetic markers, and exposure to PAHs in cancer susceptibility in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, PO, 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Imran Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, PO, 45320, Pakistan
- Business Unit Environmental Resources and Technologies, Center for Energy, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jawad Nasir
- Earth Sciences Directorate, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), P.O. Box 8402, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hussain Haider Rizvi
- Earth Sciences Directorate, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), P.O. Box 8402, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
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Reed O, Jubber I, Griffin J, Noon AP, Goodwin L, Hussain S, Cumberbatch MG, Catto JWF. Occupational bladder cancer: A cross section survey of previous employments, tasks and exposures matched to cancer phenotypes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239338. [PMID: 33085669 PMCID: PMC7577448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Up to 10% of Bladder Cancers may arise following occupational exposure to carcinogens. We hypothesised that different cancer phenotypes reflected different patterns of occupational exposure. Methods Consecutive participants, with bladder cancer, self-completed a structured questionnaire detailing employment, tasks, exposures, smoking, lifestyle and family history. Our primary outcome was association between cancer phenotype and occupational details. Results We collected questionnaires from 536 patients, of whom 454 (85%) participants (352 men and 102 women) were included. Women were less likely to be smokers (68% vs. 81% Chi sq. p<0.001), but more likely than men to inhale environmental tobacco smoke at home (82% vs. 74% p = 0.08) and use hair dye (56% vs. 3%, p<0.001). Contact with potential carcinogens occurred in 282 (62%) participants (mean 3.1 per worker (range 0–14)). High-grade cancer was more common than low-grade disease in workers from the steel, foundry, metal, engineering and transport industries (p<0.05), and in workers exposed to crack detection dyes, chromium, coal/oil/gas by-products, diesel fumes/fuel/aircraft fuel and solvents (such as trichloroethylene). Higher staged cancers were frequent in workers exposed to Chromium, coal products and diesel exhaust fumes/fuel (p<0.05). Various workers (e.g. exposed to diesel fuels or fumes (Cox, HR 1.97 (95% CI 1.31–2.98) p = 0.001), employed in a garage (HR 2.19 (95% CI 1.31–3.63) p = 0.001), undertaking plumbing/gas fitting/ventilation (HR 2.15 (95% CI 1.15–4.01) p = 0.017), undertaking welding (HR 1.85 (95% CI 1.24–2.77) p = 0.003) and exposed to welding materials (HR 1.92 (95% CI 1.27–2.91) p = 0.002)) were more likely to have disease progression and receive radical treatment than others. Fewer than expected deaths were seen in healthcare workers (HR 0.17 (95% CI 0.04–0.70) p = 0.014). Conclusions We identified multiple occupational tasks and contacts associated with bladder cancer. There were some associations with phenotype, although our study design precludes robust assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Reed
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Jubber
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Griffin
- Department of Pathology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan P. Noon
- Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Goodwin
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Hussain
- Academic Oncology Unit, Western Park, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus G. Cumberbatch
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James W. F. Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Andrushchenko TA, Goncharov SV, Dosenko VE. Allelic Polymorphism of the ATM Gene and Its Contribution to the Formation of Resistance to the Impacts of Unfavorable Occupational Factors. CYTOL GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452719050025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ma B, Stepanov I, Hecht SS. Recent Studies on DNA Adducts Resulting from Human Exposure to Tobacco Smoke. TOXICS 2019; 7:E16. [PMID: 30893918 PMCID: PMC6468371 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA adducts are believed to play a central role in the induction of cancer in cigarette smokers and are proposed as being potential biomarkers of cancer risk. We have summarized research conducted since 2012 on DNA adduct formation in smokers. A variety of DNA adducts derived from various classes of carcinogens, including aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, alkylating agents, aldehydes, volatile carcinogens, as well as oxidative damage have been reported. The results are discussed with particular attention to the analytical methods used in those studies. Mass spectrometry-based methods that have higher selectivity and specificity compared to 32P-postlabeling or immunochemical approaches are preferred. Multiple DNA adducts specific to tobacco constituents have also been characterized for the first time in vitro or detected in vivo since 2012, and descriptions of those adducts are included. We also discuss common issues related to measuring DNA adducts in humans, including the development and validation of analytical methods and prevention of artifact formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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New insights on occupational exposure and bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of two Italian case–control studies. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2018; 92:347-359. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Impact of Occupational Exposures and Genetic Polymorphisms on Recurrence and Progression of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15081563. [PMID: 30042310 PMCID: PMC6121504 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Additional or better markers are needed to guide the clinical monitoring of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Aim: To investigate the influence of occupational exposures and genetic polymorphisms on recurrence and progression of NMIBC. Methods: The study includes 160 NMIBC patients. We collected on questionnaire information on demographic variables, lifetime smoking history, lifetime history of occupational exposure to aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Genetic polymorphism (glutathione S-transferase M1; T1; P1 (GSTM1; GSTT1; GSTP1); N-acetyltransferase 1; 2 (NAT1; NAT2); cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1); sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1); myeloperoxidase (MPO); catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT); manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD); NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1); X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1; 3 (XRCC1; XRCC3) and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group (XPD)) was assessed in peripheral blood lymphocytes. DNA adducts were evaluated by 32P-postlabeling. Predictors of recurrence (histological confirmation of a newly found bladder tumor) and progression (transition of tumor from low-grade to high-grade and/or increase in TNM stage) were identified by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression with stepwise backward selection of independent variables. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) and two-tail probability of error (p-value) were estimated. Results: The risk of BC progression decreased with the homozygous genotype “ValVal” of both COMT and MnSOD (HR = 0.195; 95%CI = 0.060 to 0.623; p = 0.006). The results on BC recurrence were of borderline significance. No occupational exposure influenced recurrence or progression. Conclusion: Our results are supported by experimental evidence of a plausible mechanism between cause (ValVal genotype of both MnSOD and COMT) and effect (decreased progression of tumor in NMIBC patients). The genetic polymorphisms associated with better prognosis may be used in clinic to guide selection of treatment for patients initially diagnosed with NMIBC. However, external validation studies are required.
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Pavanello S, Carta A, Mastrangelo G, Campisi M, Arici C, Porru S. Relationship between Telomere Length, Genetic Traits and Environmental/Occupational Exposures in Bladder Cancer Risk by Structural Equation Modelling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 15:E5. [PMID: 29267235 PMCID: PMC5800105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Telomere length (TL) maintenance plays an important role in bladder cancer (BC) and prognosis. However the manifold influence of everyday life exposures and genetic traits on leucocyte TL (LTL), is not fully elucidated. Methods: Within the framework of a hospital-based case (n = 96)/control (n = 94) study (all Caucasian males), we investigated the extent to which LTL and BC risk were modulated by genetic polymorphisms and environmental and occupational exposures. Data on lifetime smoking, alcohol and coffee drinking, dietary habits and occupational exposures, pointing to aromatic amines (AAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were collected. Structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis appraised this complex relationships. Results: The SEM analysis indicates negative direct links (p < 0.05) between LTL with age, DNA adducts, alcohol and NAT2, and positive ones with coffee, MPO and XRCC3; and between BC risk (p < 0.01) with cigarettes, cumulative exposure to AAs and coffee, while are negative with LTL and age. There was evidence of indirect effects (p < 0.05) on BC risk, probably via LTL reduction, by age and NAT2 (positive link), MPO and XRCC3 (negative link). CONCLUSIONS Our study supports evidence that LTL attrition is a critical event in BC. The new finding that LTL erosion depends on some preventable everyday life exposures genetically modulated, opens new perspectives in BC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pavanello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Angela Carta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health" (MISTRAL), University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Mastrangelo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Manuela Campisi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Arici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health" (MISTRAL), University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Porru
- University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health" (MISTRAL), University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Occupational Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Mastrangelo G, Carta A, Arici C, Pavanello S, Porru S. An etiologic prediction model incorporating biomarkers to predict the bladder cancer risk associated with occupational exposure to aromatic amines: a pilot study. J Occup Med Toxicol 2017; 12:23. [PMID: 28804505 PMCID: PMC5549308 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-017-0167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No etiological prediction model incorporating biomarkers is available to predict bladder cancer risk associated with occupational exposure to aromatic amines. METHODS Cases were 199 bladder cancer patients. Clinical, laboratory and genetic data were predictors in logistic regression models (full and short) in which the dependent variable was 1 for 15 patients with aromatic amines related bladder cancer and 0 otherwise. The receiver operating characteristics approach was adopted; the area under the curve was used to evaluate discriminatory ability of models. RESULTS Area under the curve was 0.93 for the full model (including age, smoking and coffee habits, DNA adducts, 12 genotypes) and 0.86 for the short model (including smoking, DNA adducts, 3 genotypes). Using the "best cut-off" of predicted probability of a positive outcome, percentage of cases correctly classified was 92% (full model) against 75% (short model). Cancers classified as "positive outcome" are those to be referred for evaluation by an occupational physician for etiological diagnosis; these patients were 28 (full model) or 60 (short model). Using 3 genotypes instead of 12 can double the number of patients with suspect of aromatic amine related cancer, thus increasing costs of etiologic appraisal. CONCLUSIONS Integrating clinical, laboratory and genetic factors, we developed the first etiologic prediction model for aromatic amine related bladder cancer. Discriminatory ability was excellent, particularly for the full model, allowing individualized predictions. Validation of our model in external populations is essential for practical use in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mastrangelo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2 -, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Carta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- University Research Center “Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health”, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Arici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- University Research Center “Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health”, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2 -, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Porru
- University Research Center “Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health”, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Occupational Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Abdur Rehman MY, Kamal A, Taqi MM, Malik RN. Tracing biomarker of PAH-exposure and susceptibility factor (GSTM-polymorphism) among cancer patients in Pakistan. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 178:384-390. [PMID: 28340461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied cancer patients for possible PAH exposure, using urinary concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) as a biomarker of internal dose of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The subjects included in this study belonged to various socio-demographic backgrounds, and were diagnosed with cancer (i.e. lung, head and neck or digestive tract cancer). In general, we observed high concentration of urinary 1-OHP among digestive tract cancer patients, compared with the controls (CN) (mean 1.06, median 1.03 and mean 0.62, median 0.63 μmol/mol-Cr in digestive tract cancer patients and controls respectively). The concentrations of urinary 1-OHP were higher than the background level of PAHs; therefore, these groups could have been exposed to PAHs. Highest urinary 1-OHP concentration was observed in digestive tract cancer patients (median 1.25 μmol/mol-Cr) with GSTM-1 genotype. The results of PCA were consistent with qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The contribution of urinary 1-OHP eigenvector revealed a relatively high PAH-exposure among cancer patients compared with CN, while diet and age were influential parameters among cancer patients, which could have a strong link in cancer etiology in the selected exposure groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Atif Kamal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS) Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Malik Mumtaz Taqi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Lin Y, Ge Y, Wang Y, Ma G, Wang X, Liu H, Wang M, Zhang Z, Chu H. The association of rs710886 in lncRNA PCAT1 with bladder cancer risk in a Chinese population. Gene 2017. [PMID: 28627442 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long noncoding RNA PCAT1 is an important gene involved in urinary tumors. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between polymorphisms in PCAT1 and bladder cancer susceptibility. METHODS A two-stage case-control study was conducted to assess the association between four tagging SNPs (i.e., rs4871771, rs1902432, rs16901904 and rs710886) and bladder cancer risk. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with unconditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS At the first stage of discovery, we identified that SNP rs710886A>G was significantly associated with bladder cancer risk (OR=0.86, 95% CI=0.74-0.99, P=0.046). At the following stage of validation, individuals with GG genotype were found to have a significant reduction in bladder cancer risk compared with those carrying AA genotype (adjusted OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.74-0.93, P=0.001). Furthermore, stratified analyses showed that protective effect of rs710886 was more pronounced in subgroup of age>60 and never smoking, and had little to do with sex. Besides, rs710886 was identified as an eQTL for PCAT1. G allele was consistent with lower PCAT1 expression. CONCLUSION This study indicates that genetic variants in lncRNA PCAT1 were associated with bladder cancer susceptibility and the SNP rs710886 may act as a potential biomarker for bladder cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Lin
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqiu Ge
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunyan Wang
- Department of Urology, Huai-An First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai-an, China
| | - Gaoxiang Ma
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanting Liu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haiyan Chu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Stewart BW, Bray F, Forman D, Ohgaki H, Straif K, Ullrich A, Wild CP. Cancer prevention as part of precision medicine: 'plenty to be done'. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:2-9. [PMID: 26590901 PMCID: PMC4700936 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer burden worldwide is projected to rise from 14 million new cases in 2012 to 24 million in 2035. Although the greatest increases will be in developing countries, where cancer services are already hard pressed, even the richest nations will struggle to meet demands of increasing patient numbers and spiralling treatment costs. No country can treat its way out of the cancer problem. Consequently, cancer control must combine improvements in treatment with greater emphasis on prevention and early detection. Cancer prevention is founded on describing the burden of cancer, identifying the causes and evaluating and implementing preventive interventions. Around 40-50% of cancers could be prevented if current knowledge about risk factors was translated into effective public health strategies. The benefits of prevention are attested to by major successes, for example, in tobacco control, vaccination against oncogenic viruses, reduced exposure to environmental and occupational carcinogens, and screening. Progress is still needed in areas such as weight control and physical activity. Fresh impetus for prevention and early detection will come through interdisciplinary approaches, encompassing knowledge and tools from advances in cancer biology. Examples include mutation profiles giving clues about aetiology and biomarkers for early detection, to stratify individuals for screening or for prognosis. However, cancer prevention requires a broad perspective stretching from the submicroscopic to the macropolitical, recognizing the importance of molecular profiling and multisectoral engagement across urban planning, transport, environment, agriculture, economics, etc., and applying interventions that may just as easily rely on a legislative measure as on a molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Freddie Bray
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69008 Lyon, France and
| | - David Forman
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69008 Lyon, France and
| | - Hiroko Ohgaki
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69008 Lyon, France and
| | - Kurt Straif
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69008 Lyon, France and
| | - Andreas Ullrich
- Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, World Health Organization, 1121 Geneva 27, Switzerland
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Wallace MAG, Kormos TM, Pleil JD. Blood-borne biomarkers and bioindicators for linking exposure to health effects in environmental health science. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2016; 19:380-409. [PMID: 27759495 PMCID: PMC6147038 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2016.1215772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Environmental health science aims to link environmental pollution sources to adverse health outcomes to develop effective exposure intervention strategies that reduce long-term disease risks. Over the past few decades, the public health community recognized that health risk is driven by interaction between the human genome and external environment. Now that the human genetic code has been sequenced, establishing this "G × E" (gene-environment) interaction requires a similar effort to decode the human exposome, which is the accumulation of an individual's environmental exposures and metabolic responses throughout the person's lifetime. The exposome is composed of endogenous and exogenous chemicals, many of which are measurable as biomarkers in blood, breath, and urine. Exposure to pollutants is assessed by analyzing biofluids for the pollutant itself or its metabolic products. New methods are being developed to use a subset of biomarkers, termed bioindicators, to demonstrate biological changes indicative of future adverse health effects. Typically, environmental biomarkers are assessed using noninvasive (excreted) media, such as breath and urine. Blood is often avoided for biomonitoring due to practical reasons such as medical personnel, infectious waste, or clinical setting, despite the fact that blood represents the central compartment that interacts with every living cell and is the most relevant biofluid for certain applications and analyses. The aims of this study were to (1) review the current use of blood samples in environmental health research, (2) briefly contrast blood with other biological media, and (3) propose additional applications for blood analysis in human exposure research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ariel Geer Wallace
- a Exposure Methods and Measurement Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA
| | | | - Joachim D Pleil
- a Exposure Methods and Measurement Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA
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Ning XA, Liang JY, Li RJ, Hong Z, Wang YJ, Chang KL, Zhang YP, Yang ZY. Aromatic amine contents, component distributions and risk assessment in sludge from 10 textile-dyeing plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 134:367-373. [PMID: 25973862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic amines (AAs), which are components of synthetic dyes, are recalcitrant to the wastewater treatment process and can accumulate in sludge produced by textile-dyeing, which may pose a threat to the environment. A comprehensive investigation of 10 textile-dyeing plants was undertaken in Guangdong Province in China. The contents and component distributions of AAs were evaluated in this study, and a risk assessment was performed. The total concentrations of 14 AAs (Σ14 AAs) varied from 11 μg g(-1)dw to 82.5 μg g(-1)dw, with a mean value of 25 μg g(-1)dw. The component distributions of AAs were characterized by monocyclic anilines, of which 2-methoxy-5-methylaniline and 5-nitro-o-toluidine were the most dominant components. The risk quotient (RQ) value was used to numerically evaluate the ecological risk of 14 AAs in the environment. The result showed that the 14 AAs contents in textile-dyeing sludge may pose a high risk to the soil ecosystem after being discarded on soil or in a landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-An Ning
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jie-Ying Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rui-Jing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhen Hong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ken-Lin Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zuo-Yi Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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15
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Bolognesi C, Migliore L, Lista F, Caroli S, Patriarca M, De Angelis R, Capocaccia R, Amadori S, Pulliero A, Balia C, Colognato R, La Gioia V, Bonassi S, Izzotti A. Biological monitoring of Italian soldiers deployed in Iraq. Results of the SIGNUM project. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 219:24-32. [PMID: 26306831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemia/lymphoma cases reported in 2001 among United Nation soldiers or peacekeepers deployed to the Balkans aroused alert on the exposure to depleted uranium. Recent epidemiological studies carried out in different European countries among peacekeepers who served in the Balkans failed to demonstrate a higher than expected risk of all cancers but, mostly due to their limitations in size and follow up time, leave open the debate on health risk of depleted uranium. The aim of SIGNUM (Study of the Genotoxic Impact in Military Units) was to identify potential genotoxic risk associated with the exposure to depleted uranium or other pollutants in the Italian Army military personnel deployed in Iraq. METHODS Blood and urine samples were collected before and after the deployment from 981 Italian soldiers operating in Iraq in 2004-2005. As, Cd, Mo, Ni, Pb, U, V, W, and Zr were determined in urine and serum. DNA-adducts, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanine and micronuclei frequency were evaluated in blood lymphocytes. Three different genetic polymorphisms, GSTM1, XRCC1, OGG1 were analyzed. RESULTS Significant T0-T1 reduction in the total concentration of uranium, increases for Cd, Mo, Ni, Zr, and decreases for As, Pb, W, and V in urine and plasma were observed. Increases in oxidative alterations and in micronuclei frequency, included in the range of values of non-occupationally exposed populations, were observed at the end of the period of employment. CONCLUSIONS Our results did not detect any toxicologically relevant variation of DNA-damage biomarkers related to the deployment in the operational theater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bolognesi
- IRCCS AUO San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Lucia Migliore
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Florigio Lista
- Army Medical and Veterinary Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Caroli
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Patriarca
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta De Angelis
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion (CNESPS), Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Capocaccia
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion (CNESPS), Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Pulliero
- IRCCS AUO San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Balia
- IRCCS AUO San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Renato Colognato
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Bonassi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- IRCCS AUO San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
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The progression from a lower to a higher invasive stage of bladder cancer is associated with severe alterations in glucose and pyruvate metabolism. Exp Cell Res 2015; 335:91-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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